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Early natural historians – Compte de Buffon, von Humboldt and De Candolle – established ecology and geography as two principal axes determining the distribution of groups of organisms, laying the foundations for biogeography over the subsequent 200 years, yet the relative importance of these two axes remains unresolved. Leveraging phylogenomic and global species distribution data for Mimosoid legumes, an pantropical plant clade of 3,400 species, we show that the water availability gradient from deserts to rainforests dictates turnover of lineages within continents across the tropics. We demonstrate that 95% of speciation occurs within a precipitation niche, showing profound phylogenetic niche conservatism, and that lineage turnover boundaries coincide with isohyets of precipitation. We reveal similar patterns on different continents, implying that evolution and dispersal follow universal processes. Fil: Ringelberg, Jens J. University of Zurich. Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany; Suiza Fil: Koenen, Erik J.M. University of Zurich. Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany; Suiza. Université Libre de Bruxelles. Faculté des Sciences. Evolutionary Biology & Ecology; Bélgica Fil: Sauter, Benjamín. University of Zurich. Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany; Suiza Fil: Aebli, Anahita. University of Zurich. Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany; Suiza. Abteling Umweltschutz und Energie. Departement Bau und Umwelt; Suiza Fil: Rando, Juliana G. Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia. Centro das Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde. Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Ambientais; Brasil Fil: Iganci, João R. Universidade Federal de Pelotas. Campus Universitário Capão do Leão. Instituto de Biologia; Brasil. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica; Brasil Fil: de Queiroz, Luciano P. Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana. Departamento Ciências Biológicas; Brasil Fil: Murphy, Daniel J. Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria: Australia Fil: Gaudeul, Myriam. Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), MNHN-CNRS-SU-EPHE-UA: Francia Fil: Bruneau, Anne. Université de Montréal. Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale and Département de Sciences Biologiques; Canadá Fil: Luckow, Melissa. Cornell University. School of Integrative Plant Science. Plant Biology Section; Estados Unidos Fil: Morales, Matias. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Recursos Biológicos; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Morón. Facultad de Agronomía y Ciencias Agroalimentarias; Argentina

International audience; Objective :To evaluate reviewing and editorial decision for articles submitted to the European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Diseases.Materials and methods :A retrospective analysis was made of reviewers’ comments on 1,133 scientific articles (700 original articles, 96 literature reviews, and 337 case reports), originating from 69 countries, consecutively submitted on-line between January 1st, 2020 and December 31st, 2021. The main objective was to document the acceptance rate and decision time. Accessory objectives were to synthesize the main comments and to screen for correlations between acceptance and the main characteristics of first authors, articles and reviewers’ comments.Results :In total, 4.1% of submitted articles were accepted. Median decision time differed significantly (P < 0.0001), at 1 month in case of refusal and 4 months in case of acceptance. Reviewers mentioned failure to adhere to the journal's authors’ guide, to use the appropriate EQUATOR guidelines and to adopt the recommended P < 0.005 significance threshold in 94.8%, 54.2%, and 39.9% of cases, respectively. On multivariate analysis, 3 variables significantly impacted acceptance, which increased from 1.3% to 44.6% (P < 0.0001) when an appropriate EQUATOR guideline was used and from 0.3% to 57.4% (P < 0.0001) when the significance threshold was set at P < 0.005, and decreased from 10.5% to 1.1% (P = 0.0001) when the article did not originate from a French-speaking country (member of the Francophonie organization).Conclusion :Adhesion to modern scientific medical writing rules increased acceptance rates for articles in the European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Diseases. Teaching modern scientific medical writing needs to be enhanced in otorhinolaryngology.

The National Forest Inventory (Inventário Florestal Nacional-IFN) is a large initiative that uses standardised methods to survey Brazilian forestry resources. One target of the IFN is the Cerrado, which contains one of the richest floras in the world. The aim of this study was to assess the contribution of the IFN to the knowledge of Cerrado woody flora. We analysed data from field-collected vouchers sampled by the IFN Cerrado. We restricted our analyses to IFN collections of native trees and shrubs, including palms, which were identified at the species level. Habitat of each collection was obtained by overlaying specimens’ geographic coordinates with land cover maps available in the Mapbiomas platform. Our final dataset comprised 28,602 specimens distributed in 2,779 sites (conglomerates) in Bahia, Distrito Federal, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Piauí, São Paulo and Tocantins. Collections were located in the following habitats: savannas (40.5%), forests (30.2%), anthropic areas (25.6%), grasslands (3.5%), and water (0.2%). We recorded 1,822 species belonging to 543 genera and 105 families, representing 34% of Cerrado woody species recorded on Flora do Brasil 2020. Fabaceae had the largest number of species, while Tapirira guianensis and Matayba guianensis were the most collected species. We highlight 60 potentially new records of occurrence for several states and 64 new records for the Cerrado, primarily in riparian forests where species from other biomes occur. In addition, 232 recorded species are Cerrado endemics, while 36 are cited in the CNCFlora’s red list as endangered. The systematic sampling carried out by the IFN enabled vegetation sampling in remote and poorly known areas, which expanded the geographic range of many woody species and contributed to the knowledge of plant diversity in the Cerrado. Resumo: O Inventário Florestal Nacional (IFN) é uma ampla iniciativa que emprega métodos padronizados para inventariar recursos florestais brasileiros. Um dos alvos do IFN é o Cerrado, o qual possui uma das floras mais ricas do mundo. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a contribuição do IFN para o conhecimento da flora lenhosa do Cerrado. Nós analisamos dados de vouchers coletados em campo pelo IFN Cerrado. Nós restringimos nossas análises a coletas do IFN pertencentes a árvores e arbustos, incluindo palmeiras, identificadas ao nível de espécie. O habitat de cada coleta foi obtido pela intersecção entre as coordenadas geográficas dos espécimes com mapas de cobertura disponíveis na plataforma Mapbiomas. O conjunto final de dados foi composto por 28.602 coletas distribuídas em 2.779 sítios (conglomerados) localizados na Bahia, Distrito Federal, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Piauí, São Paulo e Tocantins. As coletas foram realizadas nos seguintes habitats: savanas (40,5%), florestas (30,2%), áreas antrópicas (25,6%), campos (3,5%) e água (0,2%). Ao todo foram registradas 1.822 espécies pertencentes a 543 gêneros e 105 famílias, representando 34% das espécies lenhosas do Cerrado registradas na Flora do Brasil 2020. Fabaceae apresentou o maior número de espécies, enquanto que Tapirira guianensis e Matayba guianensis foram as espécies mais coletadas. Destacam-se possíveis novos registros de ocorrência de 60 espécies para diversos estados e de 64 espécies para o Cerrado, predominantemente nas florestas ripárias onde geralmente ocorrem espécies de outros biomas. Além disso, foram registradas 232 espécies endêmicas do Cerrado, bem como 36 espécies citadas na lista vermelha do CNCFlora como ameaçadas. A amostragem sistemática realizada pelo IFN permitiu o inventário da vegetação em áreas remotas e pouco coletadas, permitindo a expansão da distribuição geográfica de diversas espécies lenhosas, e contribuindo para o conhecimento da diversidade vegetal no Cerrado.

Anemia is a well-known complication of chronic kidney disease, and its treatment remains a challenge. Although erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) raise hemoglobin levels, their benefits appear to be limited to decreasing the number of blood transfusions needed and perhaps improving quality of life. The newly developed prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors (PHIs)-agents that increase endogenous erythropoietin production-promise to improve outcomes for patients with anemia of chronic kidney disease. Randomized controlled trials have found these drugs to be at least as effective as ESAs, and the drugs are used in other countries. However, PHIs have yet to be approved in the United States.

Paepalanthus is a diverse monocot genus with remarkable diversity distributed in the Neotropical highlands of South America. The genus comprises 410 species arranged in subgenera, sections, subsections and series. Added to this complex classification, Paepalanthus shows considerable morphological heterogeneity and includes three other genera in it, Actinocephalus (Körn.) Sano, Lachnocaulon Kunth and Tonina Aubl. A broadly sampled phylogenetic inference for the genus is still missing, precluding a better understanding of its delimitation and further studies in the group. Here we present the most comprehensive phylogenetic study for Paepalanthus to date, as well as morphological survey of characters that delimit the main lineages found. We assembled a morphologically and geographically representative sampling of Paepalanthus and associated genera comprising 356 accessions in a combined dataset of plastid (trnL-F, psbA-trnH) and nuclear (ITS, ETS) regions. Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood methods were used for phylogenetic reconstruction. We found that Paepalanthus and 16 of its 28 infrageneric categories are not monophyletic, as well as the closely related genus Actinocephalus. Thirty-six well-supported clades are recognized. Morphological characters show high levels of homoplasy, and concepts traditionally used in the classification of Paepalanthus were found to be inconsistent. We confirmed that Paepalanthus as currently circumscribed is not monophyletic and revealed several new relationships in Eriocaulaceae. To make Paepalanthus monophyletic, the genus must be re-circumscribed. These results also provide a foundation for future investigations of the diversification and evolution of flora of the Neotropical highlands of South America.

Background Performing high-quality surveillance for influenza-associated hospitalization (IAH) is challenging, time-consuming, and essential. Objectives Our objectives were to develop a fully automated surveillance system for laboratory-confirmed IAH at our multihospital health system, to evaluate the performance of the automated system during the 2018 to 2019 influenza season at eight hospitals by comparing its sensitivity and positive predictive value to that of manual surveillance, and to estimate the time and cost savings associated with reliance on the automated surveillance system. Methods Infection preventionists (IPs) perform manual surveillance for IAH by reviewing laboratory records and making a determination about each result. For automated surveillance, we programmed a query against our Enterprise Data Vault (EDV) for cases of IAH. The EDV query was established as a dynamic data source to feed our data visualization software, automatically updating every 24 hours.To establish a gold standard of cases of IAH against which to evaluate the performance of manual and automated surveillance systems, we generated a master list of possible IAH by querying four independent information systems. We reviewed medical records and adjudicated whether each possible case represented a true case of IAH. Results We found 844 true cases of IAH, 577 (68.4%) of which were detected by the manual system and 774 (91.7%) of which were detected by the automated system. The positive predictive values of the manual and automated systems were 89.3 and 88.3%, respectively.Relying on the automated surveillance system for IAH resulted in an average recoup of 82 minutes per day for each IP and an estimated system-wide payroll redirection of $32,880 over the four heaviest weeks of influenza activity. Conclusion Surveillance for IAH can be entirely automated at multihospital health systems, saving time, and money while improving case detection.

Phytolith reference collections of plants and surface soils are a critical part of studies that use these microbotanical remains for archaeological and paleoecological reconstruction. In the archaeologically-rich region of the Upper Madeira river in Rondonia, Brazil, phytolith analysis is being applied in both on- and off-site contexts in order to shed light on human-environment interactions over a period that extends almost the entire Holocene. The present study brings together data on phytolith production patterns among 90 native species, representing 36 plant families, as well as 56 surface soil samples taken from underneath 11 monitored forest plots. Our discussion focuses on the comparison between the surface soil phytolith records and the above-ground floristic inventories, scrutinized considering the plant reference collection results. We found that the phytoliths of several species which produce diagnostic or potentially-diagnostic morphotypes were under-represented in the surface soils, including several understory herbs. While the phytolith assemblages from three forest types (palm, sororoca and dense forest) presented considerable overlap, in accordance with similarities in the floristic inventories, bamboo forest and different types of campinaranas were able to be distinguished based on their phytolith signatures.

Tiermodelle haben unser Verstandnis um die Mechanismen der Atherosklerosebildung und der Bewertung von Therapiemoglichkeiten deutlich verbessert. Der aktuelle Forschungsschwerpunkt liegt auf praventiven Strategien und umfasst pharmakologische und biologische Interventionen, die sich primar gegen die Proliferation von glatten Muskelzellen richten. Zudem werden endovaskulare Techniken zur Rekanalisation und/oder Wirkstoffabgabe sowie integrierte Ansatze mit Geraten und pharmakobiologischen Wirkstoffen intensiv erforscht. Die jahrzehntelange Erfahrung mit Tiermodellen in der Gefasforschung hat gezeigt, dass es kein einzelnes, fur alle Zwecke einsetzbares Modell der Atheroskleroseforschung gibt. Die Spannweite reicht dabei von Grostieren wie dem Schwein bis hin zu Kleintierversuchen mit genetisch veranderten Nagern wie z. B. der ApoE−/−-Maus (Apolipoprotein-E-defiziente Maus) mit entsprechend unterschiedlich stark ausgepragten Veranderungen in ihren Lipid- und Lipoproteinspiegeln. Die Entwicklung transgener Varianten von derzeit verfugbaren Modellen hat unsere Moglichkeiten bereits in der Vergangenheit und auch fur die Zukunft erweitert. Dennoch ist ein Verstandnis der individuellen Merkmale einer Erkrankung bei jeder Tierspezies von Bedeutung, um das Versuchsdesign valide planen und durchfuhren zu konnen.

Die chronische lymphatische Leukamie (CLL) ist die haufigste Leukamie in der westlichen Welt. Das mediane Erkrankungsalter betragt 72 Jahre, und Manner sind mit einem Verhaltnis von 1,7:1 beinahe doppelt so haufig betroffen wie Frauen. Zur Diagnose sind Differentialblutbild, Blutausstrich und eine Durchflusszytometrie zum Nachweis monoklonaler, typischerweise CD5/CD23-positiver B‑Lymphozyten erforderlich. Neben der klinischen Stadieneinteilung nach Binet oder Rai ist insbesondere die genetische Risikoeinteilung von hoher prognostischer Aussagekraft und entscheidend fur die Wahl der geeigneten Therapie. Vor Therapieeinleitung muss daher die Bestimmung des TP53-Mutationsstatus bzw. einer del17p sowie des IGHV-Mutationsstatus („immunoglobulin heavy-chain variable“) erfolgen. Asymptomatische Patienten im fruhen Stadium benotigen keine Therapie. Eine Therapieindikation ergibt sich erst in fortgeschrittenen Stadien, z. B. im Rahmen einer zunehmenden Knochenmarkinsuffizienz oder relevanter B‑Symptomatik. Zielgerichtete Substanzen wie Ibrutinib oder Venetoclax + Obinutuzumab erhalten zunehmend Einzug in die Erstlinienbehandlung, insbesondere bei Patienten mit rascher proliferierender CLL und unmutiertem IgHV-Status. Bei „fitten“ Patienten mit mutiertem IGHV-Status und ohne TP53-Veranderung kann zudem eine Chemoimmuntherapie mit Fludarabin, Cyclophosphamid + Rituximab aufgrund exzellenter Langzeitergebnisse erwogen werden. Bei „unfitten“ Patienten konnen weniger intensive Chemoimmuntherapien eingesetzt werden. Bei Rezidiven >3 Jahre nach der initialen Therapie kann eine Chemoimmuntherapie erneut eingesetzt werden. Im Fall eines Fruhrezidivs sollte ein Wechsel auf eine andere zielgerichtete Substanz angestrebt werden.

Belle-II DEPFET and PXD Collaboration: et al., The Belle II experiment at the SuperKEKB accelerator has started its physics data taking with the full detector setup in March 2019. It aims to collect 40 times more e+ e- collision data compared with its predecessor Belle experiment. The Belle II pixel detector (PXD) is based on the Depleted P-channel Field Effect Transistor (DEPFET) technology. The PXD plays an important role in the tracking and vertexing of the Belle II detector. Its two layers are arranged at radii of 14 mm and 22 mm around the interaction point. The sensors are thinned down to 75 m to minimize multiple scattering, and each module has interconnects and ASICs integrated on the sensor with silicon frames for mechanical support. PXD showed good performance during data taking. It also faces several operational challenges due to the high background level from the SuperKEKB accelerator, such as the damage from beam loss events, the drift in the HV working point due to radiation effect, and the impact of the high background., This work is supported by MEXT, WPI, and JSPS (Japan); MSMT, GAUK 404316 (Czech Republic), MSCA-RISE project JENNIFER-2 (EU grant 822070); Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF, Germany); CIDEGENT/2018/020 of Generalitat Valenciana (Spain); National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 11435013); and research grants S-1440-0321, S-0256-1438, and S-0280-1439 (University of Tabuk, KSA, Saudi Arabia ).

The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 2,143 new measurements from 709 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as supersymmetric particles, heavy bosons, axions, dark photons, etc. Particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as Higgs Boson Physics, Supersymmetry, Grand Unified Theories, Neutrino Mixing, Dark Energy, Dark Matter, Cosmology, Particle Detectors, Colliders, Probability and Statistics. Among the 120 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised, including a new review on Machine Learning, and one on Spectroscopy of Light Meson Resonances. The Review is divided into two volumes. Volume 1 includes the Summary Tables and 97 review articles. Volume 2 consists of the Particle Listings and contains also 23 reviews that address specific aspects of the data presented in the Listings. The complete Review (both volumes) is published online on the website of the Particle Data Group (pdg.lbl.gov) and in a journal. Volume 1 is available in print as the PDG Book. A Particle Physics Booklet with the Summary Tables and essential tables, figures, and equations from selected review articles is available in print, as a web version optimized for use on phones, and as an Android app.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T08:35:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-09-23 Allopolyploidy is widely present across plant lineages. Though estimating the correct phylogenetic relationships and origin of allopolyploids may sometimes become a hard task. In the genus Stylosanthes Sw. (Leguminosae), an important legume crop, allopolyploidy is a key speciation force. This makes difficult adequate species recognition and breeding efforts on the genus. Based on comparative analysis of nine high-throughput sequencing (HTS) samples, including three allopolyploids (S. capitata Vogel cv. “Campo Grande,” S. capitata “RS024” and S. scabra Vogel) and six diploids (S. hamata Taub, S. viscosa (L.) Sw., S. macrocephala M. B. Ferreira and Sousa Costa, S. guianensis (Aubl.) Sw., S. pilosa M. B. Ferreira and Sousa Costa and S. seabrana B. L. Maass & 't Mannetje) we provide a working pipeline to identify organelle and nuclear genome signatures that allowed us to trace the origin and parental genome recognition of allopolyploids. First, organelle genomes were de novo assembled and used to identify maternal genome donors by alignment-based phylogenies and synteny analysis. Second, nuclear-derived reads were subjected to repetitive DNA identification with RepeatExplorer2. Identified repeats were compared based on abundance and presence on diploids in relation to allopolyploids by comparative repeat analysis. Third, reads were extracted and grouped based on the following groups: chloroplast, mitochondrial, satellite DNA, ribosomal DNA, repeat clustered- and total genomic reads. These sets of reads were then subjected to alignment and assembly free phylogenetic analyses and were compared to classical alignment-based phylogenetic methods. Comparative analysis of shared and unique satellite repeats also allowed the tracing of allopolyploid origin in Stylosanthes, especially those with high abundance such as the StyloSat1 in the Scabra complex. This satellite was in situ mapped in the proximal region of the chromosomes and made it possible to identify its previously proposed parents. Hence, with simple genome skimming data we were able to provide evidence for the recognition of parental genomes and understand genome evolution of two Stylosanthes allopolyploids. Laboratory of Genetic Resources Federal University of Alagoas Laboratory of Plant Cytogenetics and Evolution Federal University of Pernambuco Campus Xique Xique Federal Institute of Education Science and Technology of Bahia Embrapa Cenargen Center of Agronomic Sciences Federal University of Alagoas Department of Biostatistics Institute of Biosciences–IBB Plant Biology Parasitology and Zoology São Paulo State University–UNESP Department of Chromosome Biology Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research Department of Biostatistics Institute of Biosciences–IBB Plant Biology Parasitology and Zoology São Paulo State University–UNESP

The first measurements of differential branching fractions of inclusive semileptonic B→X_{u}ℓ^{+}ν_{ℓ} decays are performed using the full Belle data set of 711 fb^{-1} of integrated luminosity at the ϒ(4S) resonance and for ℓ=e, μ. With the availability of these measurements, new avenues for future shape-function model-independent determinations of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix element |V_{ub}| can be pursued to gain new insights in the existing tension with respect to exclusive determinations. The differential branching fractions are reported as a function of the lepton energy, the four-momentum-transfer squared, light-cone momenta, the hadronic mass, and the hadronic mass squared. They are obtained by subtracting the backgrounds from semileptonic B→X_{c}ℓ^{+}ν_{ℓ} decays and other processes, and corrected for resolution and acceptance effects.

The neotropical genus Calliandra is of great importance to ecology and agroforestry, but little is known about its nodulation or its rhizobia. The nodulation of several species from two restricted diversity centres with native/endemic species (Eastern Brazil and North-Central America) and species widespread in South America, as well as their nodule structure and the molecular characterization of their rhizobial symbionts based on phylogeny of the 16S rRNA, recA and nodC gene, is reported herein. Species representative of different regions were grown in Brazilian soil, their nodulation observed, and their symbionts characterized. Calliandra nodules have anatomy that is typical of mimosoid nodules regardless of the microsymbiont type. The rhizobial symbionts differed according to the geographical origin of the species, i.e. Alphaproteobacteria (Rhizobium) were the exclusive symbionts from North-Central America, Betaproteobacteria (Paraburkholderia) from Eastern Brazil, and a mixture of both nodulated the widespread species. The symbiont preferences of Calliandra species are the result of the host co-evolving with the “local” symbiotic bacteria that thrive in the different edaphoclimatic conditions, e.g. the acidic soils of NE Brazil are rich in acid-tolerant Paraburkholderia, whereas those of North-Central America are typically neutral-alkaline and harbour Rhizobium. It is hypothesized that the flexibility of widespread species in symbiont choice has assisted in their wider dispersal across the neotropics. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42770-021-00570-8.

Resume Objectifs Rapporter une complication inhabituelle des sinusites maxillaires aigues de l’enfant : l’abces premaxillaire. Decrire la presentation clinique, radiologique et biologique ainsi que la strategie therapeutique et l’evolution. Materiel et methodes Etude retrospective incluant tous les patients pris en charge pour abces premaxillaire compliquant une sinusite maxillaire aigue dans deux centres referents d’Oto-rhino-laryngologie entre 1999 et 2017. L’histoire de la maladie, la presentation clinique, les resultats biologiques et radiologiques, les modalites therapeutiques et l’evolution ont ete etudies. Resultats Dix patients ont ete inclus (âge moyen 10 ± 4,2 ans). Tous les patients presentaient de la fievre, une rhinorrhee et un œdeme premaxillaire. Le scanner injecte retrouvait pour tous les patients une opacite complete du sinus maxillaire, sans lyse osseuse, et une collection etendue le long de la cloison inter-sinuso-nasale jusqu’a la region premaxillaire. Dans trois cas, cette collection s’etendait en arriere vers l’espace parapharynge. Les prelevements bacteriologiques retrouvaient le plus souvent un Streptococcus anginosus (n = 4 ; 40 %). Le traitement consistait en une antibiotherapie intraveineuse a large spectre associee a un drainage chirurgical des abces premaxillaires de diametre superieur a 10 mm (n = 9 ; 90 %). Parmi ces neuf patients, sept ont presente une recidive de l’abces necessitant une reprise chirurgicale (78 %) et trois ont necessite un troisieme drainage (33 %). Tous les patients etaient gueris sans sequelle a un mois de suivi. Conclusion Une sinusite maxillaire aigue avec œdeme premaxillaire doit faire evoquer le diagnostic d’abces premaxillaire. Le taux eleve de recidive observe suggere qu’un traitement chirurgical maximaliste associe a une surveillance clinique rapprochee avec examen radiologique sont essentiels.

Objectives To report an unusual complication of pediatric acute maxillary sinusitis: premaxillary abscess. To describe clinical, radiological and biological presentation, treatment strategy and progression. Material and methods A retrospective study included all pediatric patients treated for premaxillary abscess complicating acute maxillary sinusitis in two ENT reference centers between 1999 and 2017. Disease history, clinical presentation, biological and radiological findings, treatment modalities and progression were studied. Results Ten patients were included, with a mean age of 10 ± 4.2 years. All presented with fever, rhinorrhea and premaxillary edema. Contrast-enhanced CT scan systematically found complete opacity of the maxillary sinus, without bone lysis, and extensive effusion along the intersinonasal wall up to the premaxillary region, extending in 3 cases back toward the parapharyngeal space. Bacteriology isolated Streptococcus anginosus most frequently (n = 4; 40%). Treatment comprised intravenous wide-spectrum antibiotics, with surgical drainage of the abscess if > 10 mm (n = 9; 90%). Seven of these 9 patients (78%) had recurrent abscess requiring surgical revision and 3 (33%) required a third drainage. All patients were cured without sequelae at 1 month. Conclusion In case of acute maxillary sinusitis with premaxillary edema, premaxillary abscess should be suspected. The high recurrence rate argues for maximalist surgery associated to close clinical monitoring with radiological examination.

Die Therapieoptionen der peripheren arteriellen Verschlusskrankheit (pAVK) bestehen, abhangig vom Fontaine-Stadium, aus konservativen und revaskularisierenden Verfahren. Ziele der konservativen Therapie sind stadienabhangig die Verhinderung des Krankheitsprogresses, die Steigerung der Gehleistung, die Schmerzreduktion, die Ulkusabheilung und der Beinerhalt. Eine ausreichende Evidenz und Leitlinienempfehlungen existieren in allen Stadien fur den Nikotinverzicht, die medikamentose Einstellung von Blutdruck und -zucker, die Statintherapie sowie fur die Thrombozytenaggregationshemmung, das strukturierte Gehtraining und die Cilostazol- oder Naftidrofurylmedikation ab Stadium IIa. Alternative Verfahren wie die Alprostadilinfusion, die computertomographiegesteuerte lumbale Sympathikolyse, die epidurale Ruckenmarkstimulation, die intermittierende pneumatische Kompression oder die hyperbare Sauerstofftherapie besitzen keine ausreichende Evidenz und sollten nur nach Ausschopfen der Standardtherapie eingesetzt werden.

The development of new generation superconducting magnets for fusion research, such as the ITER experiment, is largely based on coils wound from so-called “Cable-In-Conduit” Conductors (CICCs). CICCs consist of various types of stainless steel jackets, densely filled with compacted superconducting strands, which are cooled by supercritical helium. The design of the various magnet systems, and in particular the ITER Poloidal Field (PF) coils, imposes the use of electrical joints to connect unit lengths of the CICCs. The electrical joints are delicate, electrical resistive components, carefully designed to provide efficient high current transfer while avoiding heat generation. The PF joints are subjected to fast varying magnetic fields that induce currents which, combined with the Joule heating in the resistive joints due to transport current, increase the temperature of the helium. Various characteristics, including electrical performance and mechanical behavior, have been addressed in the past in order to optimize manufacturing for satisfactory joint operation. Here an extensive post-mortem characterization of pre-qualification full-size PF joints is reported. Void fraction, twist pitch, and the current path connection are investigated in order to understand their effect on electrical performance and tune the manufacturing processes.

BACKGROUND: B-cell anomalies play a role in the pathogenesis of membranous nephropathy. B-cell depletion with rituximab may therefore be noninferior to treatment with cyclosporine for inducing and maintaining a complete or partial remission of proteinuria in patients with this condition.METHODS: We randomly assigned patients who had membranous nephropathy, proteinuria of at least 5 g per 24 hours, and a quantified creatinine clearance of at least 40 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 of body-surface area and had been receiving angiotensin-system blockade for at least 3 months to receive intravenous rituximab (two infusions, 1000 mg each, administered 14 days apart; repeated at 6 months in case of partial response) or oral cyclosporine (starting at a dose of 3.5 mg per kilogram of body weight per day for 12 months). Patients were followed for 24 months. The primary outcome was a composite of complete or partial remission of proteinuria at 24 months. Laboratory variables and safety were also assessed.RESULTS: A total of 130 patients underwent randomization. At 12 months, 39 of 65 patients (60%) in the rituximab group and 34 of 65 (52%) in the cyclosporine group had a complete or partial remission (risk difference, 8 percentage points; 95% confidence interval [CI], -9 to 25; P = 0.004 for noninferiority). At 24 months, 39 patients (60%) in the rituximab group and 13 (20%) in the cyclosporine group had a complete or partial remission (risk difference, 40 percentage points; 95% CI, 25 to 55; PCONCLUSIONS: Rituximab was noninferior to cyclosporine in inducing complete or partial remission of proteinuria at 12 months and was superior in maintaining proteinuria remission up to 24 months. (Funded by Genentech and the Fulk Family Foundation; MENTOR ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01180036.).

Harmful algal blooms (HABs) of cyanobacterial origin have the potential to generate hundreds of secondary metabolites referred to as cyanotoxins. Freshwater resources have been threatened by HABs and an increase of these episodes is of major concern worldwide for risk management and ecosystem impacts. To meet the need to rapidly screen a wide range of cyanotoxins, a multi-toxin method based on on-line solid-phase extraction ultra-high performance liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (SPE-UHPLC-HRMS) was developed and validated. This method enabled high-throughput screening of cylindrospermopsin, anatoxin-a, homoanatoxin-a, anabaenopeptins A and B, and twelve microcystins (-RR, [Asp3]-RR, -YR, -HtyR, -LR, [Asp3]-LR, -HilR, -WR, -LA, -LY, -LW and -LF) in recreational lake waters. Extraction and separation were achieved in 8 minutes, with limits of detection between 8 and 53 ng L−1. The method offered suitable precision for environmental samples (generally

Erythropoietin (EPO) is one of the most successful biopharmaceuticals in history and is used for treating anemia of different origins. However, it became clear that EPO could also work in a neuroprotective, antiapoptotic, antioxidative, angiogenetic and neurotropic way. It causes stimulation of cells to delay cell apoptosis, especially in the central nervous system. In rodent models of focal cerebral ischemia, EPO showed an impressive reduction of infarct size by 30% and improvement of neurobehavioral outcome by nearly 40%. A large animal model dealing with ischemia and reperfusion of the spinal cord showed that EPO could reduce the risk of spinal cord injury significantly. In addition, some clinical studies tested whether EPO works in real live clinical settings. One of the most promising studies showed the innocuousness and improvements in follow-up, outcome scales and in infarct size, of EPO-use in humans suffering from ischemic stroke. Another study ended unfortunately in a negative outcome and an increased overall death rate in the EPO group. The most possible reason was the involvement of patients undergoing simultaneously systemic thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator. An experimental study on rats demonstrated that administration of EPO might exacerbate tissue plasminogen activator-induced brain hemorrhage without reducing the ischemic brain damage. This case shows clearly how useful animal models can be to check negative side effects of a treatment before going into clinical trials. Other groups looked in human trials at the effects of EPO on the outcome after ischemic stroke, relation to circulating endothelial progenitor cells, aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, traumatic brain injury, hemoglobin transfusion thresholds and elective first-time coronary artery bypass surgery. Most of the results were positive, but are based mostly on small group sizes. However, some of the most neglected facts when focusing on experimental setups of ischemia of the central nervous system are issues like age and comorbidities. It might be extremely worthy to consider these points for future projects, because EPO might influence all these factors.