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In Italia, le attuali procedure per l’ingresso nei corsi di studio di medicina valutano solo le abilità cognitive dei candidati. Non vi sono studi che indaghino l’importanza delle abilità non cognitive e l’impatto della vita accademica (corso, formazione, esami e simili) sul benessere degli studenti. Per colmare questa lacuna, la Conferenza Italiana dei Presidenti di CLM in Medicina e Chirurgia ha promosso una ricerca longitudinale finalizzata a indagare il benessere degli studenti nei 6 anni di corso di studio. La ricerca è longitudinale e coinvolge 6 Università equamente distribuite nelle diverse zone geografiche d’Italia. Un questionario che misura i tratti di personalità e l’auto-efficacia; il benessere psicologico; i fattori motivazionali e vocazionali; le variabili socio-demografiche è stato somministrato all’inizio del primo anno e del terzo anno. Un totale di 834 studenti sono stati interessati nel primo tempo: i rimanenti al secondo tempo erano 478 (circa il 53%). I risultati preliminari ottenuti dall’analisi del questionario mostrano che i profili di personalità degli studenti sono relativamente stabili, specialmente la stabilità dell’ordine di rango nei tratti della personalità (i cosiddetti “Big Five”), l’autoefficacia e l’empatia. Tuttavia, è emersa una moderata, anche se significativa, diminuzione dell’efficacia accademica e della soddisfazione della vita, e l’aumento del disagio personale nel tempo. Sebbene gli studenti di medicina mostrino alti livelli di capacità di autoregolamentazione, così come i profili individuali che dimostrano un sostanziale benessere, i 3 anni di corso di Medicina mostrano un impatto significativo (anche se moderato) sulla percezione da parte degli studenti di se stessi. In particolare, le attività accademiche hanno probabilmente prodotto un’autovalutazione più realistica delle proprie capacità accademiche. Gli impegni del corso di studi hanno un probabile impatto nell’au-mentare il senso di disagio personale degli studenti. In Italy, current undergraduate medical-school (UMS) assessment procedures test applicants’ cognitive skills only. There are not studies investigating the importance of non-cognitive skills as well as the impact of academic life (course, training, exams, and the like) on students well-being. In order to fill this gap the Italian Conference of UMS Directors promoted a longitudinal research aimed at investigating students’ well-being across the 6-years of course of study. The research was longitudinal in design and involved 6 Universities equally distributed in the different geographic zones of Italy. A questionnaire measuring personality and self-efficacy; psychological well-being; motivational and vocational factors; socio-demographic variables was administered at the beginning of the first year and of the third year. A total of 834 students were enrolled in the first wave: the remainers at the second wave were 478 (about 53%). Preliminary results obtained from the analysis of the questionnaire show that students personality profiles are relatively stable especially as are as rank order stability in personality traits (the so called “Big Five”), self-efficacy and empathy. However, moderate al-though significant decrease in academic self-efficacy and life satisfaction, and increase in personal disease across time emerged. Although medicine students show high levels of self-regulation capability, as well individual profiles evidencing a substantial well being, the 3 years of course of Medicine show a significant (albeit moderate) impact on students perceptions of themselves. In particular, academic activities likely produced a more realistic self-evaluation of own academic capabilities. The commitments of the course of studies have a likely impact in increase a sense of personal disease of stu-dents.

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of two different home-based training interventions on functional parameters and body composition in obese patients. Sixty-four obese patients were recruited at the IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano and randomly assigned into a movement quality group (MQ) and a conventional training group (CT). In the MQ, the training protocol combined various stimuli based on whole-body movement patterns, mobility, motor control and diaphragmatic breathing. The CT included traditional bodyweight resistance-training exercises. All patients were tested for movement efficiency (Functional Movement Screen, FMS), postural control (Modified Balance Error Scoring System, M-BESS), breathing pattern (Total Faulty Breathing Scale, TFBS), muscular strength (Handgrip Strength Test, HST and Five Repetition Sit to Stand, FRSTS) and body composition (Waist Circumference, WC, Body Mass Index, BMI, Body fat mass percentage, Fat Mass) before and after a 6-week period of training. Significant interactions and main effects of time (p &lt, 0.0001) were found in MQ compared to CT in the FMS, M-BESS and TFBS parameters, while muscular strength (HST, FRSTS) and body composition parameters improved similarly in both groups with a main effect of time (p &lt, 0.05). These findings suggest that a 6-week movement quality training is effective in ameliorating postural control and movement efficiency with similar improvements in muscular strength and body composition compared with a mere traditional home-based training. Fitness coaches and practitioners might consider the MQ intervention as a valuable alternative to conventional training when treating obesity.

Facial asymmetry is considered a marker of psychological, emotional and physiological distress, while anxiety is a behavioural, psychological and physiological response to a threat to well-being. Since individuals respond to anxiety with specific patterns (e.g., muscular tension), it is reasonable to hypothesize that anxiety could contribute to facial tension and therefore facial asymmetry. Instead, since facial asymmetry is perceived as "unpleasant" from peers, its presence may be a hindrance to social adaptation contributing to generate anxiety. In this study, we investigated whether resting facial asymmetry and anxiety are associated in young population. Full frontal facial photographs of 56 Caucasian males were taken in resting state to obtain indices of asymmetry in six facial landmarks. Anxiety status was assessed using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-Y). Analysis of the face showed that asymmetry and laterality of specific facial landmarks were associated with anxiety. State anxiety was associated with eyebrow and lateral angle of the eye, while trait anxiety was associated with eyebrow and lateral angle of the mouth. Moreover, as compared with contralateral landmarks, the left landmarks were lifted/expanded in subjects with elevated trait/state anxiety, whereas the right landmarks were lifted/expanded in subjects with low-trait/state anxiety.

Obese individuals generally have a reduced muscle strength and mass, which result in an increased risk of disability. In this perspective, strength training represents a good strategy for enhancing function and reducing the obesity-related disability. This chapter aims to provide a general overview on the potential effects of strength training in obese patients. We include a brief description of the strength-related variables that may be useful for practitioners for understanding, planning and structuring resistance training programs appropriate for obese individuals. Given the importance of reducing mechanical stress, leading to increased systolic blood pressure and risk of orthopaedic injuries, recommendations for practitioners in the field are needed. In this chapter we focus on low-intensity, low-velocity resistance training programs which appear to be particularly suited for the obese population.

Orientadora: Prof.ª Dr.ª Mônica Yukie Kuwahar. Coorientadora: Prof.ª Dr.ª Ana Luísa Gouvêa Abras. Dissertação (Mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Economia, São Bernardo do Campo. O objetivo geral deste trabalho é identificar oportunidades e desigualdades no mercado de trabalho no setor artístico. A pesquisa contribui para a reflexão sobre as desigualdades neste setor específico a partir de duas aproximações, apresentadas em dois capítulos. O objetivo do primeiro capítulo é identificar as condições que contribuem para a desigualdade de rendimentos no trabalho principal entre os ocupados no setor que foram identificados como artistas pela sua ocupação. Utiliza o argumento de Igualdade de Oportunidades inicialmente proposto por Roemer (1998), para estimar a desigualdade de oportunidades inaceitável a partir da estratégia de estimação ex-ante sugerida por Juárez e Soloaga (2014). Através da decomposição de Shapley, obtém-se uma medida da contribuição dos atributos individuais sobre a desigualdade total estimada. Os resultados indicam a presença de desigualdades inaceitáveis decorrentes de diferenças sexo, raça e cor. Indicam também grande importância da informalidade no mercado de trabalho na composição da desigualdade de rendimentos para estes trabalhadores. O objetivo do segundo artigo é verificar se a presença de internet nos municípios brasileiros estabelece efeitos sobre o mercado de trabalho no setor de artes e espetáculos. Buscam-se efeitos sobre o crescimento dos rendimentos de homens e mulheres e sobre o grau de formalização no mercado de trabalho. A estratégia empírica envolve duas etapas. Em uma primeira etapa, inspirada em Dix-Carneiro et ali (2016), estima-se através de uma regressão de Mincer o crescimento dos rendimentos e empregos de cada estado em cada ano (2000 e 2010), controlados pela idade, gênero e anos de estudo. A segunda etapa estabelece uma regressão log nível para estimar o efeito da presença da internet sobre a taxa de crescimento dos rendimentos e dos empregos, realizando interações entre a presença da internet e variáveis de despesas com educação e cultura e com o PIB municipal, com dummies para os estados. Os resultados indicam que a presença de internet nos municípios tem efeitos positivos e significativos, embora de baixa magnitude, sobre o crescimento do emprego formal do trabalho no setor artístico, sendo que para mulheres o efeito é maior. The aim of this thesis is to identify opportunities and inequalities in the arts and entertainment labor market. This research discusses inequalities in this specific sector from two approaches, presented in two chapters. The main purpose of the first one is to identify conditions that contribute to income inequality among those employed in the sector who have been identified as artists by their occupation. It uses the Equality of Opportunity theory originally proposed by Roemer (1998) to estimate unacceptable opportunity inequality from the ex-ante estimation strategy suggested by Juárez and Soloaga (2014). A measure of the contribution of the individual attributes on the estimated total inequality is obtained through the Shapley decomposition. The results indicate the presence of unacceptable inequalities resulting from gender and skin color differences. They also indicate the great importance of informality in the labor market in the composition of income inequality for these workers. The second chapter verifies the effects of the presence of internet in Brazilian municipalities on the labor market in the arts and entertainment sector. We estimate effects on income growth for men and women and on the degree of formalization in the labor market. The empirical strategy involves two steps. In a first step, inspired by Dix-Carneiro et al (2016), we estimate a Mincer regression on the growth of incomes and jobs of each state in each year (2000 and 2010), controlled by age, gender and years of schooling. The second stage establishes a log-level regression to estimate the effect of the presence of the internet on the growth rate of incomes and jobs, making interactions between the presence of the internet and variables of public spending on education and culture and the municipal GDP, with dummies for the states. The results indicate that the presence of internet in the municipalities has positive and significant effects on the growth of formal employment in the artistic sector, and for women the effect is greater.

Sob a luz da Teoria Estética de Theodor Adorno[1] a canção Cuitelinho revela nuances e contornos que à primeira vista passam despercebidos. A hermenêutica proposta pelo autor alemão dá voz à singularidade de uma comunidade marginalizada atualmente em nossa realidade brasileira. Em um mundo globalizado, em que não há tempo para a reflexão e em que impera a cegueira ideológica, a cultura caipira impregnada na referida obra desvela a crítica e o retrato de nossa sociedade. O desafio proposto neste estudo é estabelecer um diálogo entre um poema-cantado, manifestação cultural da tradição caipira, e algumas categorias estéticas elaboradas na Alemanha no contexto da arte de vanguarda, na tentativa de apreender o conteúdo de verdade dessa obra de arte. &nbsp

Physical education (PE) researchers sustain that the teaching styles adopted by PE teachers play a key role in defining children&rsquo, s positive experiences during lessons and have a relevant impact on their psychophysical health. However, a limited number of studies has examined the effect of teaching styles on these aspects. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of an integrated approach mainly based on integration of multi-teaching styles and active reflection (MTA) on the fitness level, motor competence, enjoyment, self-perception, amount of physical activity (PA), and children&rsquo, s perception of PE, in Italian primary school children. Participants were 121 children from three elementary schools. Children were randomly assigned into two groups: (a) an intervention group (IG) that received PE lessons based on MTA provided by specifically trained PE students, and (b) a control group (CG) that received standard PE lessons (S-PE) from primary school classroom teachers. Both groups engaged in two PE lessons per week lasting 1 h each for 12 weeks. The findings revealed an increase in the children&rsquo, s fitness level, motor competence, enjoyment and amount of PA in the IG compared to those in the CG. Furthermore, the children of the IG spent more time being engaged on a task, reflecting on it, and wasted less time during PE compared to the children of the CG. Finally, the children of the IG reported higher levels of satisfaction with PE lessons and teaching styles compared to children of the CG. Integration of different teaching styles lead by specifically trained educators can be suggested as a valuable strategy to provide learning experiences of children of primary school to have positive effects on their physical literacy development promoting healthy lifestyles.

Studies have suggested a relationship between low circulating levels of Vitamin D and depression. Vitamin D deficiency may be a consequence of depression-related factors, such as reduced sun exposure, decreased outdoor activity, and dietary changes, but it can also play a role in the pathophysiology of depressive conditions through a range of molecular mechanisms. In the present manuscript, findings related to prospective longitudinal studies on the relationship between Vitamin D levels and depressive symptoms and to randomized controlled trials on Vitamin D supplementation for depressive disorders are reviewed.

The aim of this retrospective case study is the longitudinal description of the physical and functional parameters of a top-level Paralympic swimmer class S9-SB8-SM9 during four swimming seasons of training, from the Paralympic games in London 2012 to the Paralympic games in Rio 2016. A 22-year-old male swimmer underwent a specific preventive dry-land training based on diaphragmatic breathing, postural alignment, and slow-velocity resistance training aimed to improve his muscle strength. He was tested by using the Functional Movement Screen™, photographic postural assessment and vertical jump. The swimmer improved his functional, postural and strength parameters indicating a better functional movement and muscular power. These results show that a four-year specific dry-land intervention could be capable of enhancing the functional and physical requirements of a top-level Paralympic swimmer. This approach might be a suitable novel alternative for coaches and athletic trainers to integrate their training protocols for athletes with similar impairments.

General physical practice and multidimensional exercises are essential elements that allow young athletes to enhance their coordinative traits, balance, and strength and power levels, which are linked to the learning soccer-specific skills. Jumping rope is a widely-used and non-specific practical method for the development of athletic conditioning, balance and coordination in several disciplines. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a short-term training protocol including jumping rope (JR) exercises on motor abilities and body balance in young soccer players. Twenty-four preadolescent soccer players were recruited and placed in two different groups. In the Experimental group (EG), children performed JR training at the beginning of the training session. The control group (CG), executed soccer specific drills. Harre circuit test (HCT) and Lower Quarter Y balance test (YBT-LQ) were selected to evaluate participant’s motor ability (e.g. ability to perform rapidly a course with different physical tasks such as somersault and passages above/below obstacles ) and to assess unilateral dynamic lower limb balance after 8 weeks of training. Statistical analysis consisted of paired t-test and mixed analysis of variance scores to determine any significant interactions. Children who performed jumping rope exercises showed a significant decrease of 9% (p < 0.01, ES = 0.50-0.80) in the performance time of HCT. With regard to the CG, no differences were highlighted (p > 0.05, ES = 0.05-0.2) from pre- to post-training. A training-by-group interaction was found for the composite score in both legs (p < 0.05, Part η2 > 0.14). Our findings demonstrated that JR practice within regular soccer training enhanced general motor coordination and balance in preadolescent soccer players. Therefore, the inclusion of JR practice within regular soccer training session should encouraged to improve children’s motor skills.

[Purpose] This study determined the effects a new modality of core stabilization exercises based on diaphragmatic breathing on pulmonary function, abdominal fitness, and movement efficiency. [Subjects] Thirty-two physically active, healthy males were randomly assigned to an experimental group (n = 16) and a control group (n = 16). [Methods] The experimental group combined diaphragmatic breathing exercises with global stretching postures, and the control group performed common abdominal exercises (e.g., crunch, plank, sit-up), both for 15 minutes twice weekly for 6 weeks. Pulmonary function (measured by forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 second, and peak expiratory flow) and abdominal fitness (measured with the American College of Sports Medicine curl-up [cadence] test and the Functional Movement Screen(TM)) were evaluated before and after the intervention. [Results] Significant changes in curl-up (cadence) test scores, Functional Movement Screen scores, and all pulmonary parameters were recorded in the experimental group at the posttraining assessment, whereas in the control group, no significant differences over baseline were observed in any parameters. [Conclusion] Compared with traditional abdominal exercises, core stabilization exercises based on breathing and global stretching postures are more effective in improving pulmonary function and abdominal fitness.

Submitted by Noeme Timbo (noeme.timbo@metodista.br) on 2017-11-22T17:58:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Ana Paula.pdf: 2163250 bytes, checksum: 9224d06f3a657c18defd407f483131cd (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-22T17:58:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ana Paula.pdf: 2163250 bytes, checksum: 9224d06f3a657c18defd407f483131cd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-05 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES The obstetric reality in Brazil has been through significant changes over the past two years. Since 1970, the number of Cesarean sections has constantly increased in the country and worldwide. In 2014, in Brazil, it reached 52% of the deliveries, even though surgical births levels above 15% do not indicate protection for mother and baby, according to the WHO. The literature indicates that children born by Elective C-section without labor are at higher risk of biological development problems, but few studies address the consequences in the psychological aspects. The objective of this study was to compare the psychological development among babies born of elective C-section and normal delivery, considering the few data available in the literature. Considering the exclusion criteria, the sample consisted of 263 children aged between 6 and 42 months. The instruments used were: a sociodemographic questionnaire to be answered by the mother, and the Bayley Scales of Infant Development – 3rd Edition. For this study the scale was standardized and the sample data collected normalized using percentile calculation. These data were collected individually and statistically analyzed through the SPSS - Statistical Package for Social Sciences Version 21. The results pointed out the delivery method and the gestational age at birth as risk factors for child’s psychological development. The correlations among those born by vaginal delivery or elective C-section showed a statistically significant difference (p