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BACKGROUND: The problem of male infertility particularly affects men with HIV infections, as semen volume and sperm motility are reduced by highly active antiretroviral therapy. AIM: To analyze the metabolic parameters of spermatozoa, spermograms and spermatozoa morphology in HIV-infected men. MATERIALS AND METODS: The study included 47 patients (aged 2546 years) who were under observation at the clinic of Professor M.A. Florova (Samara). 2 groups were formed: main (n=22) HIV-infected patients who want to have children (with an undetectable viral load (4050 copies/ml) and taking antiretroviral therapy); control (n=25) clinically healthy men with one child. The material was taken and the ejaculate was examined according to standardized methods proposed by WHO experts. RESULTS: In HIV-infected men, spermatozoa motility was low (the number of progressively motile spermatozoa was 28.503.72%), the spermatozoa concentration was two times lower compared to the control group of men, the morphological characteristics of spermatozoa were significantly worse than in the control group: most often pathology of the head (21.751.10%) and neck of the spermatozoon (22.301.18%) was detected, which negatively affects the fertilizing ability. In HIV-infected men, changes in metabolic metabolism were noted: the activity of creatine phosphokinase in both sperm plasma (661.951.08 U/l) and blood plasma (76.901.09 U/l) was lower, than in the control group (844.250.13 and 79.501.37 U/l, respectively), the glucose concentration (8.071.14 mmol/l) was 2 times higher than in the control group (3.061.09 mmol/l), the concentration of calcium 6.530.01 and sodium (119.201.23 mol/l) slightly exceeded those in the group of healthy patients (5.550.08 and 116.850.01 mol/l, respectively). Electron microscopic analysis revealed fragmentation of sperm DNA: the highest percentage of sperm with fragmented DNA was found in men with HIV infection (more than 23%). CONCLUSION: It was revealed that in vivo fertilization in HIV-infected men is impossible in most cases. The study forms the basis for a future comprehensive assessment of the state of reproductive function in HIV-infected men to assess their fertility and the need for assisted reproductive technologies.

To date, quinazolinone derivatives, which have a unique chemical structure and exhibit a wide range of pharmacological activity, are used both as drugs and starting substances in the synthesis of deriva-tives with multitarget activity. Quinazolinones synthesized by the scientists of Volgograd Medical Uni-versity are characterized by the pronounced antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella. Computer-assisted prediction of the pharma-cological action spectrum by the PASS programme of the studied quinazolinone derivatives shows a high probability of their hypoglycaemic activity. The aim of the study was to establish the relationship between the mechanisms of antimicrobial and hypoglycemic activity and to substantiate the possibility of one type of pharmacological action as a consequence of the other. The application of mathematical modeling methods allowing to estimate the probability of formation of an intermediate complex com-pound between the drug substance and the intended target, as well as its strength, will allow to establish the "structure-activity" relationship and to characterize the possibility of unity of biochem-ical processes underlying the manifested pharmacological effects.

Background. Pseudotuberculosis remains a serious healthcare problem, which determines the expediency of developing the express methods for its early diagnosis. To detect the pathogen, we designed test system for dot-immunoassay (DIA) based on antibodies labeled with silver nanoparticles (SNPs) isolated from hyperimmune rabbit serum obtained against killed cells of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis of O:1b serovariant.The aim. To assess the possibility of using dot-immunoassay for express identification of Y. pseudotuberculosis cultures isolated from clinical material and environmental objects at the initial stage of bacteriological study during laboratory diagnosis of the disease.Methods. We used the materials from the outbreak of pseudotuberculosis in the Krylovskaya Boarding School of the Bakcharsky district of the Tomsk region in 2021. Specific antibodies from hyperimmune rabbit sera obtained against Y. pseudotuberculosis 3704 particulate antigen of O:1b serotype were labeled with SNPs and used in DIA on nitrocellulose membranes with visualization of reaction results with a solution of a physical developer. The presence of the causative agent of pseudotuberculosis in the test material was inferred by the formation of gray spots of different intensity (from 4+ to 1+).Results. All Y. pseudotuberculosis strains isolated using bacteriological method on the second day of the study from clinical material obtained from sick people and environmental objects were detected in DIA at concentrations ≥ 3.1 × 104 microbial cells per milliliter (m.c./ml).Conclusion. The designed test system for dot-immunoassay using SNPs as a marker of specific antibodies for the detection of Y. pseudotuberculosis in cultures isolated from swabs from vegetables and clinical material from patients, including those with mixed infection, allows us to detect a specific corpuscular antigen with a high sensitivity (≥ 3.1 × 104 m.c./ml), providing express identification of isolated cultures at the initial stage of bacteriological study.

The article is devoted to the study of the problem of perception by Russian officers and officials of the participants of the Polish uprising of 1863-1864 in the Kingdom of Poland and the Western Region. Russian-Polish Uprising of 1863-1864 is the most important milestone in the history of Russian-Polish relations and the formation of the image of the Pole in Russian society. In the inner provinces, most people received information about the uprising mainly from the periodical press, thanks to which the image of a tough enemy was superimposed on the already existing idea of the Poles. But there were also those among the Russians who were in the thick of things during the uprising. These were the military and officials sent to the Kingdom of Poland and the Western Region. Thanks to the personal experience of the participants of the events, a much more multifaceted image was formed. The topic of mutual perception of Poles and Russians has been of scientific interest to Russian and Polish researchers for many years. There is a large body of scientific works in historiography devoted to the study of images and mutual stereotypes of Poles and Russians. The relevance of the article lies in the absence of comprehensive studies in which the subject of study would be the personal perception of Russian officers and officials of the participants of the uprising. In the course of the study, the memories of direct participants in the events who took part in the suppression of the uprising and the reform of the administration of the Western Region were studied. The article attempts to show the Polish rebels as they were seen by the Russian military and officials. In addition, their perception of such aspects of the uprising as the degree of its preparedness, the reasons for the victories and defeats of the rebels is also of interest. The result of the study was the construction of the image of the rebel, as well as the identification of factors that influenced the formation of this image.

BACKGROUND: Endothelial dysfunction underlies the pathogenesis of many socially significant diseases. The search for new original drugs for the treatment of this condition remains an important scientific and practical task. Anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant and antioxidant effects of bivalve mollusks from the family of mussels (Mytilus edulis) hydrolysate and its derivatives have been described in different model systems. AIM: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of M. edulis hydrolysate on the functional activity of EA.hy926 endothelial cell line. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The viability and metabolic activity of endothelial cells were studied in MTT-test. To investigate the proliferative activity, a test with staining of cells with crystal violet dye was used. The ability of the preparation to neutralize the toxic effect of HOCl and H2O2 was evaluated using fluorescent dyes and flow cytometry. RESULTS: It was found that the preparation did not have cytotoxicity and significantly increased the proliferation of endothelial cells in dilutions from 1:10 to 1:60. The preparation had a neutralizing effect against HOCl, and in all the studied dilutions significantly increased the viability of the endothelium. The preparation was not effective against H2O2, and increased H2O2 toxic effect in the maximal studied concentration. At the same time, the anti-inflammatory effect of M. edulis hydrolysate was not confirmed in this model system. The preparation had no effect on the IL-8 production and adhesion molecule CD54 (ICAM-1) and tissue factor CD146 the expression. CONCLUSIONS: The preparation of M. edulis hydrolysate enhances the proliferation of endothelial cells and is able to neutralize HOCl toxic effects.

The creation of a cryobank of reproductive cells and tissues opens up the possibility of intensifying the introduction of innovative cellular reproductive technologies into the practice of husbandry, biomedicine, and veterinary medicine. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of silicon dimethylglycerolate (SDMG) on the morphology of gametes and lipidome of porcine oocytes after intraovarian vitrification (IOV). Methods. Fragments (15 × 20 mm) of porcine ovaries were subjected to vitrification, which were exposed to cryoprotective agents (CPA1 and CPA2) for 25 minutes and 15 minutes. Composition: CPA1: 7.5 % ethylene glycol (EG), 7.5 % dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), 65 % PBS, with 2M bovine serum albumin (BSA) and CPA2 – 2.0% EG, 20 % DMSO, 60 % PBS, 1M BSA, 0.5 mol/l sucrose. The effectiveness of using SDMG at the studied concentrations on the cryopreservation of bio objects was assessed by: the morphology of gametes and indicators of the functional activity of the lipidome (morphology, localization and fluorescence intensity of lipid droplets visualized with Nile Red vital dye) in oocytes. Results. 0.2 % SDMG does not induce apoptotic processes in granulosa cells, reduces the level of naked cells. Addition of 2 % SDMG into the composition of cryoprotective media, the proportion of gametes with signs of morphological degeneration decreases (from 31 % to 13 %, P < 0.001). SDMG contributes to an increase in the level of gametes with positive indicators of the functioning of lipid droplets: the proportion of gametes with diffuse localization increases (from 58 % to 83 %, P < 0.001); the level of cells with low fluorescence intensity of the Nile red/lipid droplets complex (from 16 % to 29 %, P < 0.05) and the proportion of gametes with lipid granules (47 % vs. 68 %, P < 0.005) increased. Scientific novelty. For the first time, the effects of SDMG on the morphology of female gametes, apoptotic processes in the chromatin of granulosa cells and the functional activity of the lipidome of porcine oocytes under the influence of ultralow temperatures at IOV were identified. The media for IOV of oocyte-cumulus complexes were modernized with the addition of 0.2 % or 2 % SDMG.

BACKGROUND: T2 inflammation underlies bronchial asthma and inflammatory nasal diseases, supporting the concept of a united airway disease. Dupilumab, by blocking interleukin-4 and -13 receptors, can improve the clinical and functional parameters and life quality of comorbid patients with T2 diseases. AIM: To evaluate efficacy of anti-IL4R,13 therapy in patients with severe asthma with chronic inflammatory nasal diseases in real clinical practice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study of dupilumab efficacy was conducted by comparing related populations based on a regional register of patients with severe asthma and concomitant chronic inflammatory nasal diseases. Asthma control achievement and decrease in the rate of patients with uncontrolled asthma were assessed as primary endpoint. The need for bronchodilators and systemic glucocorticosteroids, number of asthma exacerbations, emergency calls and hospitalizations, AQLQ scores, level of peripheral blood eosinophils, and respiratory function were also assessed. Nasal symptoms were assessed using SNOT-22 and VAS. A subgroup analysis of ACT scores was performed depending on chronic inflammatory nasal disease phenotypes. RESULTS: Within 12 months of dupilumab therapy, ACT increased from 11 (Q1Q3: 713) to 20 (Q1Q3: 1824) points (p 0.001). The rate of patients with partially and fully controlled asthma increased from 0 to 57.9% (p 0.001). The need for bronchodilators decreased from 17.5 doses per week (Q1Q3: 5.824.5) to 1.0 (Q1Q3: 0.02.2) (p 0.001). Before the dupilumab therapy, 68.5% of the patients took systemic corticosteroids and, after 12 months, 10.5% of patients (p 0.001). The number of asthma exacerbations decreased from 2.191.83 (95% CI 1.283.11) to 0.220.55 (0.050.49) (p 0.001) and hospitalizations from 1.001.27 (95% CI 0.371.63) to 0.170.51 (95% CI 0.090.42) (p 0.001). AQLQ scores increased from 2.91 (Q1Q3: 2.433.86) to 5.89 points (Q1Q3: 4.706.58) (p 0.001). The volume of forced exhalation in 1 sec increased from 55.38%16.66% (95% CI 47.1063.67) to 81.5%19.14% (95% CI 71.9891.02) (p 0.001). SNOT-22 scores decreased from 4729 (95% CI 3461) to 2518 (95% CI 1734) points (p 0.001) and the VAS score from 72 (95% CI 68) to 42 (95% CI 35) (p 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Dupilumab improved asthma and nasal symptoms control, improved quality of life and respiratory function, and reduce asthma exacerbations and hospitalizations. Patients with severe asthma and comorbid allergic rhinitis and chronic rhinosinusitis with polyps responded better to dupilumab therapy than patients with chronic rhinosinusitis without polyps.

For the improvement of cities, the project «Formation of a comfortable urban environment» has been implemented in Russia for several years. In many regions, a number of their own landscaping projects are being carried out. The analysis of feedback from the population can be used as a tool for monitoring and measuring the effectiveness of urban improvement programs. The purpose of the work is to evaluate the results of the implementation of improvement programs in Kirov, the regional center of the Kirov region, taking into account the opinions of the population as the main recipient of these programs. The object of the study is the current state of improvement of the city of Kirov. The subject of the study is the analysis of landscaping in a number of areas (road transport, house and communal infrastructure, accessibility and quality of work of socio-cultural facilities) through feedback from the population. The study was carried out by analyzing official statistics data, a formalized survey of the population and interviews with experts. Two clusters of citizens were identified according to the level of satisfaction with the current state of the city's improvement, a large proportion is a cluster with a low level of satisfaction. However, 60% of residents believe that the quality of the urban environment has been gradually changing for the better over the past few years. The majority of respondents have minimal experience of involvement in the co-development of the urban environment, usually expressed in voting for objects for priority improvement. The study made it possible to identify and concretize the problems of the urban environment: disproportions in the improvement of central and suburban neighborhoods, catching up with the nature of infrastructure development during housing construction, insufficient road capacity, insufficient landscaping of park areas and public recreation areas. A scheme for solving the identified problems of landscaping is proposed, combining two directions: urban planning and communication and managerial.