Search

Your search keyword '"A. , Clay"' showing total 109,814 results
Start Over Author "A. , Clay"

Refine your results

more »

more »

more »

more »

more »

more »

more »

more »
109,814 results on '"A. , Clay"'

102. Genetically determined telomere length in monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, multiple myeloma risk and outcome

Author

Giaccherini, Matteo, Clay-Gilmour, Alyssa I., Liotti, Romano, Macauda, Angelica, Gentiluomo, Manuel, Brown, Elizabeth E., Machiela, Mitchell J., Chanock, Stephen J., Hildebrandt, Michelle A. T., Norman, Aaron D., Manasanch, Elisabet, Rajkumar, S. Vincent, Hofmann, Jonathan N., Berndt, Sonja I., Bhatti, Parveen, Giles, Graham G., Ziv, Elad, Kumar, Shaji K., Camp, Nicola J., Cozen, Wendy, Slager, Susan L., Canzian, Federico, Gemignani, Federica, Vachon, Celine M., and Campa, Daniele

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

103. Multiplatform metabolomic interlaboratory study of a whole human stool candidate reference material from omnivore and vegan donors

Author

Cruz, Abraham Kuri, Alves, Marina Amaral, Andresson, Thorkell, Bayless, Amanda L., Bloodsworth, Kent J., Bowden, John A., Bullock, Kevin, Burnet, Meagan C., Neto, Fausto Carnevale, Choy, Angelina, Clish, Clary B., Couvillion, Sneha P., Cumeras, Raquel, Dailey, Lucas, Dallmann, Guido, Davis, W. Clay, Deik, Amy A., Dickens, Alex M., Djukovic, Danijel, Dorrestein, Pieter C., Eder, Josie G., Fiehn, Oliver, Flores, Roberto, Gika, Helen, Hagiwara, Kehau A., Pham, Tuan Hai, Harynuk, James J., Aristizabal-Henao, Juan J., Hoyt, David W., Jean-François, Focant, Kråkström, Matilda, Kumar, Amit, Kyle, Jennifer E., Lamichhane, Santosh, Li, Yuan, Nam, Seo Lin, Mandal, Rupasri, de la Mata, A. Paulina, Meehan, Michael J., Meikopoulos, Thomas, Metz, Thomas O., Mouskeftara, Thomai, Munoz, Nathalie, Gowda, G. A. Nagana, Orešic, Matej, Panitchpakdi, Morgan, Pierre-Hugues, Stefanuto, Raftery, Daniel, Rushing, Blake, Schock, Tracey, Seifried, Harold, Servetas, Stephanie, Shen, Tong, Sumner, Susan, Carrillo, Kieran S. Tarazona, Thibaut, Dejong, Trejo, Jesse B., Van Meulebroek, Lieven, Vanhaecke, Lynn, Virgiliou, Christina, Weldon, Kelly C., Wishart, David S., Zhang, Lu, Zheng, Jiamin, and Da Silva, Sandra

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

105. BWC0977, a broad-spectrum antibacterial clinical candidate to treat multidrug resistant infections

Author

Hameed P, Shahul, Kotakonda, Harish, Sharma, Sreevalli, Nandishaiah, Radha, Katagihallimath, Nainesh, Rao, Ranga, Sadler, Claire, Slater, Ian, Morton, Michael, Chandrasekaran, Abhijeeth, Griffen, Ed, Pillai, Dhanashree, Reddy, Sambasiva, Bharatham, Nagakumar, Venkatesan, Suryanarayanan, Jonnalagadda, Venugopal, Jayaraman, Ramesh, Nanjundappa, Mahesh, Sharma, Maitrayee, Raveendran, Savitha, Rajagopal, Sreenath, Tumma, Harikrishna, Watters, Amy, Becker, Holly, Lindley, Jill, Flamm, Robert, Huband, Michael, Sahm, Dan, Hackel, Meredith, Mathur, Tarun, Kolamunnage-Dona, Ruwanthi, Unsworth, Jennifer, Mcentee, Laura, Farrington, Nikki, Manickam, Dhanasekaran, Chandrashekara, Narayana, Jayachandiran, Sivakandan, Reddy, Hrushikesava, Shanker, Sathya, Richard, Vijay, Thomas, Teby, Nagaraj, Savitha, Datta, Santanu, Sambandamurthy, Vasan, Ramachandran, Vasanthi, Clay, Robert, Tomayko, John, Das, Shampa, and V, Balasubramanian

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

107. Baseline levels and longitudinal changes in plasma Aβ42/40 among Black and white individuals

Author

Xiong, Chengjie, Luo, Jingqin, Wolk, David A., Shaw, Leslie M., Roberson, Erik D., Murchison, Charles F., Henson, Rachel L., Benzinger, Tammie L. S., Bui, Quoc, Agboola, Folasade, Grant, Elizabeth, Gremminger, Emily N., Moulder, Krista L., Geldmacher, David S., Clay, Olivio J., Babulal, Ganesh, Cruchaga, Carlos, Holtzman, David M., Bateman, Randall J., Morris, John C., and Schindler, Suzanne E.

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

116. Fatty acid synthesis suppresses dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid use

Author

Worthmann, Anna, Ridder, Julius, Piel, Sharlaine Y. L., Evangelakos, Ioannis, Musfeldt, Melina, Voß, Hannah, O’Farrell, Marie, Fischer, Alexander W., Adak, Sangeeta, Sundd, Monica, Siffeti, Hasibullah, Haumann, Friederike, Kloth, Katja, Bierhals, Tatjana, Heine, Markus, Pertzborn, Paul, Pauly, Mira, Scholz, Julia-Josefine, Kundu, Suman, Fuh, Marceline M., Neu, Axel, Tödter, Klaus, Hempel, Maja, Knippschild, Uwe, Semenkovich, Clay F., Schlüter, Hartmut, Heeren, Joerg, Scheja, Ludger, Kubisch, Christian, and Schlein, Christian

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

118. A panel data regression model for defense merger and acquisition activity

Author

Corey Mack, Clay Koschnick, Michael Brown, Jonathan D. Ritschel, and Brandon Lucas

Subjects
Merger, Acquisition, Profitability, Solvency, Liquidity, Efficiency, Military Science
Abstract

Purpose – This paper examines the relationship between a prime contractor's financial health and its mergers and acquisitions (M&A) spending in the defense industry. It aims to provide models that give the United States Department of Defense (DoD) indications of future M&A activity, informing decision-makers and contributing to ensuring competitive markets that benefit the consumer. Design/methodology/approach – The study uses panel data regression models on 40 companies between 1985 and 2021. The company's financial health is assessed using industry-standard financial ratios (i.e. measures of profitability, efficiency, solvency and liquidity) while controlling for economic factors such as national productivity, defense budgets and firm size. Findings – The results show a significant relationship between efficiency and M&A spending, indicating that companies with lower efficiency tend to spend more on M&As. However, there was no significant relationship between M&A spending and a company's profitability or solvency. These results were consistent with previous research and the study's hypotheses for profitability and solvency. However, the effect of liquidity was the opposite of the expected result, possibly due to the defense industry's different view on liquidity compared to previous research. Originality/value – The paper provides insights into the relationship between a prime contractor's financial health and its M&A spending, a topic with limited research. The findings can inform policymakers and regulators on the industrial base's future M&A activity, ensuring competitive markets that benefit the consumer.

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

119. Genetically determined telomere length in monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, multiple myeloma risk and outcome

Author

Matteo Giaccherini, Alyssa I. Clay-Gilmour, Romano Liotti, Angelica Macauda, Manuel Gentiluomo, Elizabeth E. Brown, Mitchell J. Machiela, Stephen J. Chanock, Michelle A. T. Hildebrandt, Aaron D. Norman, Elisabet Manasanch, S. Vincent Rajkumar, Jonathan N. Hofmann, Sonja I. Berndt, Parveen Bhatti, Graham G. Giles, Elad Ziv, Shaji K. Kumar, Nicola J. Camp, Wendy Cozen, Susan L. Slager, Federico Canzian, Federica Gemignani, Celine M. Vachon, and Daniele Campa

Subjects
Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

120. Resilient health care performance in the real world: fixing problems that never happened

Author

Jeffrey Braithwaite, Kate Churruca, Louise A. Ellis, Elle Leask, Janet C. Long, Mitchell Sarkies, Yvonne Zurynski, and Robyn Clay-Williams

Subjects
Complex systems, Resilient performance, Improvement, Intervention, Systems change, Sharp end behaviours, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Abstract Background Staff in health systems everywhere have exhibited flexibility and a capacity for improvisations during, and in response to, the COVID-19 pandemic. Looking to other examples of such resilient behaviours outside of those induced by the pandemic is instructive for those involved with researching or understanding change, or making health systems improvements. Methods Here, we synthesise and then assess the value of eight case studies of in situ resilient performance from Canada, Sweden, Japan, Belgium, the United Kingdom, Norway, the United States and Brazil. The cases are divided into four categories: responsiveness to a crisis; adaptiveness over time; local adoption in accommodating to a top down, national policy change; and the consequential outcomes of an intervention. Results The cases illuminate the resourcefulness of translational and social researchers in examining such behaviours and practices. More than that, they also foreground the ingenuity and adaptive capacity of staff on-the-ground who continually anticipate, respond and adapt to make systems work and provide continuous care in the face of many challenges, including resource deficiencies, policy misalignments, and new technologies, policies and procedures that need to be integrated into local workflows. Front line clinicians make care systems work, pre-empting issues and sorting out problems before they occur or as they arise. Conclusions A key lesson amongst a range of findings is that, rather than focusing on shiny new tools of change (checklists, frameworks, policy mandates), it is much more insightful and satisfying to deeply apprehend care at the sharp end, where clinicians deliver care to patients, understanding how everyday work is executed. This, rather than the Health Ministry, the Boardroom, or the Management Consultant’s office, is where and how change is being enabled, and where street level actors solve problems, thwart issues in advance, and constantly avoid pitfalls.

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

121. Comparison of DNA methylation based classification models for precision diagnostics of central nervous system tumors

Author

Quynh T. Tran, Alex Breuer, Tong Lin, Ruth Tatevossian, Sariah J. Allen, Michael Clay, Larissa V. Furtado, Mark Chen, Dale Hedges, Tylman Michael, Giles Robinson, Paul Northcott, Amar Gajjar, Elizabeth Azzato, Sheila Shurtleff, David W. Ellison, Stanley Pounds, and Brent A. Orr

Subjects
Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract

Abstract As part of the advancement in therapeutic decision-making for brain tumor patients at St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital (SJCRH), we developed three robust classifiers, a deep learning neural network (NN), k-nearest neighbor (kNN), and random forest (RF), trained on a reference series DNA-methylation profiles to classify central nervous system (CNS) tumor types. The models’ performance was rigorously validated against 2054 samples from two independent cohorts. In addition to classic metrics of model performance, we compared the robustness of the three models to reduced tumor purity, a critical consideration in the clinical utility of such classifiers. Our findings revealed that the NN model exhibited the highest accuracy and maintained a balance between precision and recall. The NN model was the most resistant to drops in performance associated with a reduction in tumor purity, showing good performance until the purity fell below 50%. Through rigorous validation, our study emphasizes the potential of DNA-methylation-based deep learning methods to improve precision medicine for brain tumor classification in the clinical setting.

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

122. Rapid 3D imaging at cellular resolution for digital cytopathology with a multi-camera array scanner (MCAS)

Author

Kanghyun Kim, Amey Chaware, Clare B. Cook, Shiqi Xu, Monica Abdelmalak, Colin Cooke, Kevin C. Zhou, Mark Harfouche, Paul Reamey, Veton Saliu, Jed Doman, Clay Dugo, Gregor Horstmeyer, Richard Davis, Ian Taylor-Cho, Wen-Chi Foo, Lucas Kreiss, Xiaoyin Sara Jiang, and Roarke Horstmeyer

Subjects
Medical technology, R855-855.5, Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine, R895-920
Abstract

Abstract Optical microscopy has long been the standard method for diagnosis in cytopathology. Whole slide scanners can image and digitize large sample areas automatically, but are slow, expensive and therefore not widely available. Clinical diagnosis of cytology specimens is especially challenging since these samples are both spread over large areas and thick, which requires 3D capture. Here, we introduce a new parallelized microscope for scanning thick specimens across extremely wide fields-of-view (54 × 72 mm2) at 1.2 and 0.6 μm resolutions, accompanied by machine learning software to rapidly assess these 16 gigapixel scans. This Multi-Camera Array Scanner (MCAS) comprises 48 micro-cameras closely arranged to simultaneously image different areas. By capturing 624 megapixels per snapshot, the MCAS is significantly faster than most conventional whole-slide scanners. We used this system to digitize entire cytology samples (scanning three entire slides in 3D in just several minutes) and demonstrate two machine learning techniques to assist pathologists: first, an adenocarcinoma detection model in lung specimens (0.73 recall); second, a slide-level classification model of lung smears (0.969 AUC).

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

123. Differences in Primary Care Management of Patients with Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Based on Race and Ethnicity

Author

Jillian Alai, Elisabeth F. Callen, Tarin Clay, David W. Goodman, Lenard A. Adler, and Stephen V. Faraone

Abstract

Objective: Examine differences in care patterns around adult ADHD between race (White/Non-White) and ethnic (Hispanic/Non-Hispanic) groups utilizing existing quality measures (QMs), concerning diagnosis, treatment, and medication prescribing. Methods: The AAFP National Research Network in partnership with SUNY Upstate Medical used an EHR dataset to evaluate achievement of 10 ADHD QMs. The dataset was obtained from DARTNet Institute and includes 4 million patients of 873 behavioral and primary care practices with at least 100 patients from 2010 to 2020. Patients 18-years or older with adult ADHD were included in this analysis. Results: White patients and Non-Hispanic/Latinx patients were more likely to achieve these QMs than Non-White patients and Hispanic/Latinx patients, respectively. Differences between groups concerning medication and monitoring demonstrate a disparity for Non-White and Hispanic/ Latinx populations. Conclusions: Using QMs in EHR data can help identify gaps in ADHD research. There is a need to continue investigating disparities of quality adult ADHD care. "(J. of Att. Dis. 2024; 28(5) 923-934)"

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

124. The Role of Age in Adult ADHD Quality Care: A Longitudinal Analysis of Electronic Health Record Data

Author

Elisabeth F. Callen, Tarin Clay, Jillian Alai, David W. Goodman, Lenard A. Adler, and Stephen V. Faraone

Abstract

Objective: Several studies have shown that Adult ADHD presents differently in younger and older adults. We sought to assess the difference in care between these two groups using previously identified quality measures (QMs). Methods: Using electronic health record data, we matched a younger group of ADHD patients to an older group. We then assessed the achievement of the QMs using probit models with and without interaction terms. Results: The majority of QMs shown an increase in achievement for both groups over time. However, significant differences in quality of care between younger and older adult ADHD patients persisted. By the end of the study period, with the exception of three QMs, younger patients achieved the QMs more. Conclusion: While, in general, the quality of care for adult ADHD increased from 2010 to 2020, there were still differences in care between younger and older adult ADHD patients.

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

125. Are We Preparing Teachers to Fight Labor Oppression?: A Critical Community Autoethnography Interrogating Social Justice Teacher Education

Author

Kevin L. Clay, Brionna Nomi, and Preeti Kamat

Abstract

Teachers in public schools regularly face labor oppression. Despite this reality, in research and practice, "social justice teacher preparation" has largely neglected the topic of "labor struggle." We offer this community auto-ethnography as a collective reflection on how we came to our own understandings around these issues and what we learned from supporting students' development around these topics as we co-taught a Foundations pre-service teacher preparation course. We unpack the experiences that shaped our individual relationships to issues of social justice and labor that were prioritized in the class with implications for expanding the purview of social justice teacher preparation.

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

126. Adaptive Learning through Technology: A Technical Review and Implementation

Author

Clay Gransden, Matthew Hindmarsh, Ngoc Chi Lê, and Thi-Huyen Nguyen

Abstract

Purpose: There is an increase globally of students using technology to support their learning. The purpose of this paper is to outline the technical aspects of adaptive learning and contribute to the development of pedagogy that incorporates this method in teaching and learning. Design/methodology/approach: This is a technical review article that summarises key guidance on the application of adaptive learning and then reflects on its application in a UK and Vietnamese context. Findings: Initial analysis demonstrates that learning can occur asynchronously because of students engaging with adaptive learning. Issues and recommendations were derived from the reflections and practice of both UK and Vietnamese practitioners. Recommendations focussed on the more practical elements of constructing and maintaining adaptive learning. Questions were then constructed to make the decision of whether to implement adaptive learning into teaching and learning practices. Originality/value: This academic commentary reflects on the implementation of asynchronous learning adaptive technologies in both the UK and Vietnam, specifically exploring the use of a "mastery path" and "computerised adaptive testing" to enhance student understanding.

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

127. Trends in the Use of Assistive Technology: An Exploration of Emerging Shifts in Assistive Devices Used to Support Individuals in Their Lifestyle Preferences and Goals

Author

Shondra Loggins Clay

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to explore 10-year trends in the use of Assistive Technology (AT). Using 2006 and 2015 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) data, univariate analysis were performed, and the rate of change was calculated. In both 2006 and 2015 data, a higher per cent of Blacks were using AT compared to Whites and Hispanics (p < 0.001); however, the rate of increase indicate that Blacks had the lowest per cent change (23.9%) compared to Whites (26.8%) and Hispanics (27.3%). Results indicated that AT use is statistically more prevalent in women, individuals who are not married (e.g. divorce, widowed, separated), the veteran population, lower educational attainment levels (e.g. some high school or less), lower income levels, the ageing population, unemployed (e.g. out of work, retired, unable to work) and individuals with limited functioning because of a disability. Similarly, individuals who have healthcare coverage, and individuals with concerns with medical costs used AT more. Even though most factors yielded higher utilisation rates when comparing 2006 to 2015 data, the rate of change had varying 'speeds' of improvement.

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

128. Staying Put: Teacher Retention through Stay Interviews

Author

Clay Brody McGuire

Abstract

This study aimed to address the growing problem in education, the need to retain highly qualified teachers in the classroom. Beyond the task of just filling positions, experienced teachers bring unique skills to the school, making them better instructors (Melnick & Meister, 2008). This is a challenging topic; roughly 29% of teachers who left the classroom said they were "dissatisfied" with their job as the main reason they left (Ingersoll & Smith, 2003). There has been a plethora of data concerning why teachers enter the profession. Whether it is the appeal of summer breaks or the chance to impact students' lives, there are clear reasons teachers offer to join the profession (Hughes, 2014). This study aimed to determine why teachers stay in the classroom and focused on ascertaining their specific reasons for staying in the classroom by conducting stay interviews. Literature shows that teacher retention helps with student performance, but teacher retention helps in other ways. According to literature, it costs a school district between $20,000 and $30,000 per teacher that must be replaced (Hillard, 2022). This equates to roughly $8.5 billion spent annually in the United States on recruiting, training, and replacing teachers (Hillard, 2022). In turn, retention would help ease the schools' already tight budgets. This research looked at five schools within the same charter school district and interviewed four returning teachers at each site. The returning teachers had a variety of teaching experiences both at the school site and in the education world in general. The participants were interviewed face-to-face by a pre-selected group of questions. The data was analyzed to find commonalities regarding why teachers stayed at the district and in the education field. The interviews revealed several commonalities that keep teachers returning to the classroom year after year. Similarly, the interviews provided additional data for administrators when they work to keep teachers in their respective classrooms. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]

Published
2024

129. Elementary Teachers' Perception of Social-Emotional Learning Programs

Author

Keivia Petty Clay

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to examine elementary teachers' perceptions of SEL and its association with students' social-emotional competency. This study's population was teachers in an elementary school in a suburban Atlanta school district. Research participants were selected through purposive or criterion sampling. Each participant was emailed the Teacher SEL Beliefs scale through the University of West Georgia Qualtrics platform. The survey was used to evaluate teachers' perceptions of SEL programs. Following the survey, participants completed the DESSA-mini, a Likert rating scale to assess students' social-emotional competency. A correlational analysis indicated a strong positive linear correlation between teachers' perceptions of SEL and students' social-emotional competency as measured by the scales used in this study. After conducting the Teacher SEL Beliefs survey and the DESSA-mini, the collected data from the participants were analyzed using UWG Qualtrics to calculate the mean score. Subsequently, three teachers were sampled from high and low scorers for a semi-structured interview. A qualitative data analysis using QCA yielded three categories and 12 subcategories. Categories included the following: (a) the role of a teacher, (b) successes, and (c) challenges. In connecting the results to effective SEL implementation practices, this study's analysis suggests that teachers and school leaders must consider contributing factors associated with student outcomes, including implementing several strategies. Future studies should consider a mixed-method study with a larger sample size, conduct an experimental design that allows for causation via random group assignment, and include interviews with educational administrators who could contribute valuable insights to the research. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]

Published
2024

132. Systematic Review of Supply Chain Control Tower Critical Success Factors and Resilience Effects

Author

Chaffin, Clay H., Maywald, Jacob D., Reiman, Adam D., and Glassburner, Aaron V.

Subjects
United States. Air Force. Institute of Technology -- Management, Sony Group Corp. -- Management, Logistics -- Research, Company business management, Health
Abstract

Supply chain control towers (SCCTs) are emerging as vital components of modern supply chain management (SCM). However, research on SCCTs is limited and disjointed. This paper explores critical success factors (CSFs) necessary for high-performing SCCTs and examines their impact on supply chain resilience (SCRES). Through a comprehensive systematic literature review, this research inductively identifies and classifies 14 CSFs into a framework consisting of organizational, process, and technological dimensions. We further map complex relationships among these CSFs, revealing how SCCT performance relies on CSFs interacting synergistically as dynamic capabilities. Moreover, this study extends the theory related to SCRES under dynamic and disruptive market conditions by discretely connecting SCCT outcomes to supply chain readiness, responsiveness, recovery, and renewal. By integrating both theoretical and practical perspectives, this study contributes to existing SCM knowledge by providing both a structured approach to identifying and implementing CSFs for SCCTs and explaining the role of SCCTs in advancing SCRES. This paper, therefore, serves as a valuable resource for both researchers and industry practitioners in understanding SCCT operations and outcomes in achieving efficient, robust, and resilient supply chains. Keywords: control tower, critical success, logistics, resilience, supply chain factors, 1. INTRODUCTION As global supply chains continue to evolve, the deployment of supply chain control towers (SCCTs) is increasingly necessary for maintaining firm competitiveness and resilience. SCCTs are centralized platforms [...]

Published
2024

133. JPEO-CBRND: OFFERS MEDICAL SOLUTIONS FOR THREATS TO THE WARFIGHTER AND BEYOND

Author

Wiles, Sarah M. and Holloway, Clay

Subjects
Marburg virus disease, Health care reform, Military and naval science, World Health Organization
Abstract

Akey Joint Force medical program is responding to rapidly evolving health care crises around the world and taking action for the health and safety of Warfighters and civilian populations worldwide. [...]

Published
2024

135. The Pierre Auger Observatory Open Data

Author

The Pierre Auger Collaboration, Halim, A. Abdul, Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Allekotte, I., Cheminant, K. Almeida, Almela, A., Aloisio, R., Alvarez-Muñiz, J., Yebra, J. Ammerman, Anastasi, G. A., Anchordoqui, L., Andrada, B., Dourado, L. Andrade, Andringa, S., Apollonio, L., Aramo, C., Ferreira, P. R. Araújo, Arnone, E., Velázquez, J. C. Arteaga, Assis, P., Avila, G., Avocone, E., Bakalova, A., Barbato, F., Mocellin, A. Bartz, Bellido, J. A., Berat, C., Bertaina, M. E., Bertou, X., Bhatta, G., Bianciotto, M., Biermann, P. L., Binet, V., Bismark, K., Bister, T., Biteau, J., Blazek, J., Bleve, C., Blümer, J., Boháčová, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Arbeletche, L. Bonneau, Borodai, N., Brack, J., Orchera, P. G. Brichetto, Briechle, F. L., Bueno, A., Buitink, S., Buscemi, M., Büsken, M., Bwembya, A., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Cabana-Freire, S., Caccianiga, L., Campuzano, F., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Catalani, F., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cerda, M., Čermáková, B., Cermenati, A., Chinellato, J. A., Chudoba, J., Chytka, L., Clay, R. W., Cerutti, A. C. Cobos, Colalillo, R., Conceição, R., Condorelli, A., Consolati, G., Conte, M., Convenga, F., Santos, D. Correia dos, Costa, P. J., Covault, C. E., Cristinziani, M., Sanchez, C. S. Cruz, Dasso, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B. R., de Almeida, R. M., de Errico, B., de Jesús, J., de Jong, S. J., Neto, J. R. T. de Mello, De Mitri, I., de Oliveira, J., Franco, D. de Oliveira, de Palma, F., de Souza, V., De Vito, E., Del Popolo, A., Deligny, O., Denner, N., Deval, L., di Matteo, A., Dobre, M., Dobrigkeit, C., D'Olivo, J. C., Mendes, L. M. Domingues, Dorosti, Q., Anjos, J. C. dos, Anjos, R. C. dos, Ebr, J., Ellwanger, F., Emam, M., Engel, R., Epicoco, I., Erdmann, M., Etchegoyen, A., Evoli, C., Falcke, H., Farrar, G., Fauth, A. C., Fehler, T., Feldbusch, F., Fernandes, A., Fick, B., Figueira, J. M., Filip, P., Filipčič, A., Fitoussi, T., Flaggs, B., Fodran, T., Freitas, M., Fujii, T., Fuster, A., Galea, C., García, B., Gaudu, C., Ghia, P. L., Giaccari, U., Glombitza, J., Gobbi, F., Gollan, F., Golup, G., Berisso, M. Gómez, Vitale, P. F. Gómez, Gongora, J. P., González, J. M., González, N., Góra, D., Gorgi, A., Gottowik, M., Guarino, F., Guedes, G. P., Guido, E., Gülzow, L., Hahn, S., Hamal, P., Hampel, M. R., Hansen, P., Harvey, V. M., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Hojvat, C., Hörandel, J. R., Horvath, P., Hrabovský, M., Huege, T., Insolia, A., Isar, P. G., Janecek, P., Jilek, V., Jurysek, J., Kampert, K. -H., Keilhauer, B., Khakurdikar, A., Covilakam, V. V. Kizakke, Klages, H. O., Kleifges, M., Knapp, F., Köhler, J., Krieger, F., Kubatova, M., Kunka, N., Lago, B. L., Langner, N., de Oliveira, M. A. Leigui, Lema-Capeans, Y., Letessier-Selvon, A., Lhenry-Yvon, I., Lopes, L., Lundquist, J. P., Payeras, A. Machado, Mandat, D., Manning, B. C., Mantsch, P., Mariani, F. M., Mariazzi, A. G., Mariş, I. C., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Martinelli, S., Bravo, O. Martínez, Martins, M. A., Mathes, H. -J., Matthews, J., Matthiae, G., Mayotte, E., Mayotte, S., Mazur, P. O., Medina-Tanco, G., Meinert, J., Melo, D., Menshikov, A., Merx, C., Michal, S., Micheletti, M. I., Miramonti, L., Mollerach, S., Montanet, F., Morejon, L., Mulrey, K., Mussa, R., Namasaka, W. M., Negi, S., Nellen, L., Nguyen, K., Nicora, G., Niechciol, M., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Novotny, V., Nožka, L., Nucita, A., Núñez, L. A., Oliveira, C., Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Panja, S., Parente, G., Paulsen, T., Pawlowsky, J., Pech, M., Pękala, J., Pelayo, R., Pelgrims, V., Pereira, L. A. S., Martins, E. E. Pereira, Bertolli, C. Pérez, Perrone, L., Petrera, S., Petrucci, C., Pierog, T., Pimenta, M., Platino, M., Pont, B., Pothast, M., Shahvar, M. Pourmohammad, Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Querchfeld, S., Rautenberg, J., Ravignani, D., Akim, J. V. Reginatto, Reuzki, A., Ridky, J., Riehn, F., Risse, M., Rizi, V., Rodriguez, E., Rojo, J. Rodriguez, Roncoroni, M. J., Rossoni, S., Roth, M., Roulet, E., Rovero, A. C., Saftoiu, A., Saharan, M., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Salina, G., Sampathkumar, P., Gomez, J. D. Sanabria, Sánchez, F., Santos, E. M., Santos, E., Sarazin, F., Sarmento, R., Sato, R., Schäfer, C. M., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schimassek, M., Schimp, M., Schmidt, D., Scholten, O., Schoorlemmer, H., Schovánek, P., Schröder, F. G., Schulte, J., Schulz, T., Sciutto, S. J., Scornavacche, M., Sedoski, A., Segreto, A., Sehgal, S., Shivashankara, S. U., Sigl, G., Simkova, K., Simon, F., Smau, R., Šmída, R., Sommers, P., Squartini, R., Stadelmaier, M., Stanič, S., Stasielak, J., Stassi, P., Strähnz, S., Straub, M., Suomijärvi, T., Supanitsky, A. D., Svozilikova, Z., Szadkowski, Z., Tairli, F., Tapia, A., Taricco, C., Timmermans, C., Tkachenko, O., Tobiska, P., Peixoto, C. J. Todero, Tomé, B., Torrès, Z., Travaini, A., Travnicek, P., Tueros, M., Unger, M., Uzeiroska, R., Vaclavek, L., Vacula, M., Galicia, J. F. Valdés, Valore, L., Varela, E., Vašíčková, V., Vásquez-Ramírez, A., Veberič, D., Quispe, I. D. Vergara, Verzi, V., Vicha, J., Vink, J., Vorobiov, S., Watanabe, C., Watson, A. A., Weindl, A., Weitz, M., Wiencke, L., Wilczyński, H., Wittkowski, D., Wundheiler, B., Yue, B., Yushkov, A., Zapparrata, O., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., and Zavrtanik, M.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

The Pierre Auger Collaboration has embraced the concept of open access to their research data since its foundation, with the aim of giving access to the widest possible community. A gradual process of release began as early as 2007 when 1% of the cosmic-ray data was made public, along with 100% of the space-weather information. In February 2021, a portal was released containing 10% of cosmic-ray data collected from 2004 to 2018, during Phase I of the Observatory. The Portal included detailed documentation about the detection and reconstruction procedures, analysis codes that can be easily used and modified and, additionally, visualization tools. Since then the Portal has been updated and extended. In 2023, a catalog of the 100 highest-energy cosmic-ray events examined in depth has been included. A specific section dedicated to educational use has been developed with the expectation that these data will be explored by a wide and diverse community including professional and citizen-scientists, and used for educational and outreach initiatives. This paper describes the context, the spirit and the technical implementation of the release of data by the largest cosmic-ray detector ever built, and anticipates its future developments., Comment: 27 pages, 8 figures

Published
2023

136. ACC for $F$-signature: a likely counterexample

Author

Adams, Clay, Sandstrom, Theodore J., and Simpson, Austyn

Subjects
Mathematics - Commutative Algebra
Abstract

Let $\mathscr{k}=\overline{\mathbb{F}_2}$ and let $0\neq\alpha\in \mathscr{k}$. We present a conjecture supported by computer experimentation involving the Brenner-Monsky quartic $g_\alpha=\alpha x^2y^2+z^4+xyz^2+(x^3+y^3)z\in \mathscr{k}[[x,y,z]]$. If true, this conjecture provides a formula for the Hilbert-Kunz multiplicity and $F$-signature of the family of four-dimensional hypersurfaces defined by $uv+g_\alpha\in \mathscr{k}[[x,y,z,u,v]]$ which depends on $[\mathbb{F}_2(\alpha):\mathbb{F}_2]$, giving an infinite increasing chain of strict inequalities of $F$-signatures. Additionally, we obtain for any $t\in\mathbb{N}$ a formula for the Hilbert-Kunz multiplicity and $F$-signature of the $t$-parameter family of $3t+1$-dimensional hypersurfaces defined by $uv+\sum\limits_{i=1}^t g_{\alpha_i}(x_i,y_i,z_i)$., Comment: Written during the 2023 SMALL REU at Williams College. 16 pages. Comments welcome

Published
2023

137. AugerPrime Surface Detector Electronics

Author

The Pierre Auger Collaboration, Halim, A. Abdul, Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Allekotte, I., Cheminant, K. Almeida, Almela, A., Aloisio, R., Alvarez-Muñiz, J., Yebra, J. Ammerman, Anastasi, G. A., Anchordoqui, L., Andrada, B., Andringa, S., Anukriti, Aramo, C., Ferreira, P. R. Araújo, Arnone, E., Velázquez, J. C. Arteaga, Assis, P., Avila, G., Avocone, E., Badescu, A. M., Bakalova, A., Barbato, F., Mocellin, A. Bartz, Bellido, J. A., Berat, C., Bertaina, M. E., Bhatta, G., Bianciotto, M., Biermann, P. L., Binet, V., Bismark, K., Bister, T., Biteau, J., Blazek, J., Bleve, C., Blümer, J., Boháčová, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Arbeletche, L. Bonneau, Borodai, N., Brack, J., Orchera, P. G. Brichetto, Briechle, F. L., Bueno, A., Buitink, S., Buscemi, M., Bwembya, A., Büsken, M., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Cabana-Freire, S., Caccianiga, L., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Catalani, F., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cerda, M., Cermenati, A., Chinellato, J. A., Chudoba, J., Chytka, L., Clay, R. W., Cerutti, A. C. Cobos, Colalillo, R., Coleman, A., Coluccia, M. R., Conceição, R., Condorelli, A., Consolati, G., Conte, M., Convenga, F., Santos, D. Correia dos, Costa, P. J., Covault, C. E., Cristinziani, M., Sanchez, C. S. Cruz, Dasso, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B. R., de Almeida, R. M., de Jesús, J., de Jong, S. J., Neto, J. R. T. de Mello, De Mitri, I., de Oliveira, J., Franco, D. de Oliveira, de Palma, F., de Souza, V., de Errico, B. P. de Souza, De Vito, E., Del Popolo, A., Deligny, O., Denner, N., Deval, L., di Matteo, A., Dobre, M., Dobrigkeit, C., D'Olivo, J. C., Mendes, L. M. Domingues, Anjos, J. C. dos, Anjos, R. C. dos, Ebr, J., Ellwanger, F., Emam, M., Engel, R., Epicoco, I., Erdmann, M., Etchegoyen, A., Evoli, C., Falcke, H., Farmer, J., Farrar, G., Fauth, A. C., Fazzini, N., Feldbusch, F., Fenu, F., Fernandes, A., Fick, B., Figueira, J. M., Filipčič, A., Fitoussi, T., Flaggs, B., Fodran, T., Fujii, T., Fuster, A., Galea, C., Galelli, C., García, B., Gaudu, C., Gemmeke, H., Gesualdi, F., Gherghel-Lascu, A., Ghia, P. L., Giaccari, U., Glombitza, J., Gobbi, F., Gollan, F., Golup, G., Gongora, J. P., González, J. M., González, N., Goos, I., Gorgi, A., Gottowik, M., Grubb, T. D., Guarino, F., Guedes, G. P., Guido, E., Berisso, M. Gómez, Vitale, P. F. Gómez, Góra, D., Hahn, S., Hamal, P., Hampel, M. R., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harvey, V. M., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Hojvat, C., Horvath, P., Hrabovský, M., Huege, T., Hörandel, J. R., Insolia, A., Isar, P. G., Janecek, P., Johnsen, J. A., Jurysek, J., Kampert, K. H., Keilhauer, B., Khakurdikar, A., Covilakam, V. V. Kizakke, Klages, H. O., Kleifges, M., Knapp, F., Kunka, N., Lago, B. L., Langner, N., de Oliveira, M. A. Leigui, Lema-Capeans, Y., Letessier-Selvon, A., Lhenry-Yvon, I., Lopes, L., Lu, L., Luce, Q., Lundquist, J. P., Payeras, A. Machado, Majercakova, M., Mandat, D., Manning, B. C., Mantsch, P., Marafico, S., Mariani, F. M., Mariazzi, A. G., Mariş, I. C., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Martinelli, S., Martins, M. A., Bravo, O. Martínez, Mathes, H. J., Matthews, J., Matthiae, G., Mayotte, E., Mayotte, S., Mazur, P. O., Medina-Tanco, G., Meinert, J., Melo, D., Menshikov, A., Merx, C., Michal, S., Micheletti, M. I., Miramonti, L., Mollerach, S., Montanet, F., Morejon, L., Morello, C., Mulrey, K., Mussa, R., Namasaka, W. M., Negi, S., Nellen, L., Nguyen, K., Nicora, G., Niechciol, M., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Novotny, V., Nožka, L., Nucita, A., Núñez, L. A., Oliveira, C., Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Panja, S., Parente, G., Paulsen, T., Pawlowsky, J., Pech, M., Pelayo, R., Pereira, L. A. S., Martins, E. E. Pereira, Armand, J. Perez, Perrone, L., Petrera, S., Petrucci, C., Pierog, T., Pimenta, M., Platino, M., Pont, B., Pothast, M., Shahvar, M. Pourmohammad, Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Puyleart, A., Bertolli, C. Pérez, Pękala, J., Querchfeld, S., Rautenberg, J., Ravignani, D., Akim, J. V. Reginatto, Reininghaus, M., Ridky, J., Riehn, F., Risse, M., Rizi, V., de Carvalho, W. Rodrigues, Rodriguez, E., Rojo, J. Rodriguez, Roncoroni, M. J., Rossoni, S., Roth, M., Roulet, E., Rovero, A. C., Ruehl, P., Saftoiu, A., Saharan, M., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Salina, G., Gomez, J. D. Sanabria, Santos, E. M., Santos, E., Sarazin, F., Sarmento, R., Sato, R., Savina, P., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schimassek, M., Schimp, M., Schmidt, D., Scholten, O., Schoorlemmer, H., Schovánek, P., Schröder, F. G., Schulte, J., Schulz, T., Schäfer, C. M., Sciutto, S. J., Scornavacche, M., Segreto, A., Sehgal, S., Shivashankara, S. U., Sigl, G., Silli, G., Sima, O., Simon, F., Smau, R., Sommers, P., Soriano, J. F., Squartini, R., Stadelmaier, M., Stanič, S., Stasielak, J., Stassi, P., Straub, M., Strähnz, S., Suomijärvi, T., Supanitsky, A. D., Svozilikova, Z., Szadkowski, Z., Sánchez, F., Tairli, F., Tapia, A., Taricco, C., Timmermans, C., Tkachenko, O., Tobiska, P., Peixoto, C. J. Todero, Tomé, B., Torrès, Z., Travaini, A., Travnicek, P., Trimarelli, C., Tueros, M., Unger, M., Vaclavek, L., Vacula, M., Galicia, J. F. Valdés, Valore, L., Varela, E., Veberič, D., Ventura, C., Quispe, I. D. Vergara, Verzi, V., Vicha, J., Vink, J., Vlastimil, J., Vorobiov, S., Vásquez-Ramírez, A., Watanabe, C., Watson, A. A., Weindl, A., Wiencke, L., Wilczyński, H., Wittkowski, D., Wundheiler, B., Yue, B., Yushkov, A., Zapparrata, O., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., and Šmída, R.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

Operating since 2004, the Pierre Auger Observatory has led to major advances in our understanding of the ultra-high-energy cosmic rays. The latest findings have revealed new insights that led to the upgrade of the Observatory, with the primary goal of obtaining information on the primary mass of the most energetic cosmic rays on a shower-by-shower basis. In the framework of the upgrade, called AugerPrime, the 1660 water-Cherenkov detectors of the surface array are equipped with plastic scintillators and radio antennas, allowing us to enhance the composition sensitivity. To accommodate new detectors and to increase experimental capabilities, the electronics is also upgraded. This includes better timing with up-to-date GPS receivers, higher sampling frequency, increased dynamic range, and more powerful local processing of the data. In this paper, the design characteristics of the new electronics and the enhanced dynamic range will be described. The manufacturing and test processes will be outlined and the test results will be discussed. The calibration of the SD detector and various performance parameters obtained from the analysis of the first commissioning data will also be presented.

Published
2023

138. Advancing Parsimonious Deep Learning Weather Prediction using the HEALPix Mesh

Author

Karlbauer, Matthias, Cresswell-Clay, Nathaniel, Durran, Dale R., Moreno, Raul A., Kurth, Thorsten, Bonev, Boris, Brenowitz, Noah, and Butz, Martin V.

Subjects
Physics - Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, Computer Science - Machine Learning
Abstract

We present a parsimonious deep learning weather prediction model to forecast seven atmospheric variables with 3-h time resolution for up to one-year lead times on a 110-km global mesh using the Hierarchical Equal Area isoLatitude Pixelization (HEALPix). In comparison to state-of-the-art (SOTA) machine learning (ML) weather forecast models, such as Pangu-Weather and GraphCast, our DLWP-HPX model uses coarser resolution and far fewer prognostic variables. Yet, at one-week lead times, its skill is only about one day behind both SOTA ML forecast models and the SOTA numerical weather prediction model from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts. We report several improvements in model design, including switching from the cubed sphere to the HEALPix mesh, inverting the channel depth of the U-Net, and introducing gated recurrent units (GRU) on each level of the U-Net hierarchy. The consistent east-west orientation of all cells on the HEALPix mesh facilitates the development of location-invariant convolution kernels that successfully propagate weather patterns across the globe without requiring separate kernels for the polar and equatorial faces of the cube sphere. Without any loss of spectral power after the first two days, the model can be unrolled autoregressively for hundreds of steps into the future to generate realistic states of the atmosphere that respect seasonal trends, as showcased in one-year simulations., Comment: Submitted to Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems (JAMES)

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

139. Axion Domain Walls, Small Instantons, and Non-Invertible Symmetry Breaking

Author

Cordova, Clay, Hong, Sungwoo, and Wang, Lian-Tao

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Theory
Abstract

Non-invertible global symmetry often predicts degeneracy in axion potentials and carries important information about the global form of the gauge group. When these symmetries are spontaneously broken they can lead to the formation of stable axion domain wall networks which support topological degrees of freedom on their worldvolume. Such non-invertible symmetries can be broken by embedding into appropriate larger UV gauge groups where small instanton contributions lift the vacuum degeneracy, and provide a possible solution to the domain wall problem. We explain these ideas in simple illustrative examples and then apply them to the Standard Model, whose gauge algebra and matter content are consistent with several possible global structures. Each possible global structure leads to different selection rules on the axion couplings, and various UV completions of the Standard Model lead to more specific relations. As a proof of principle, we also present an example of a UV embedding of the Standard Model which can solve the axion domain wall problem. The formation and annihilation of the long-lived axion domain walls can lead to observables, such as gravitational wave signals. Observing such signals, in combination with the axion coupling measurements, can provide valuable insight into the global structure of the Standard Model, as well as its UV completion., Comment: 32 pages, 2 tables

Published
2023

140. Anomalies of Non-Invertible Symmetries in (3+1)d

Author

Cordova, Clay, Hsin, Po-Shen, and Zhang, Carolyn

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Theory, Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract

Anomalies of global symmetries are important tools for understanding the dynamics of quantum systems. We investigate anomalies of non-invertible symmetries in 3+1d using 4+1d bulk topological quantum field theories given by Abelian two-form gauge theories, with a 0-form permutation symmetry. Gauging the 0-form symmetry gives the 4+1d "inflow" symmetry topological field theory for the non-invertible symmetry. We find a two levels of anomalies: (1) the bulk may fail to have an appropriate set of loop excitations which can condense to trivialize the boundary dynamics, and (2) the "Frobenius-Schur indicator" of the non-invertible symmetry (generalizing the Frobenius-Schur indicator of 1+1d fusion categories) may be incompatible with trivial boundary dynamics. As a consequence we derive conditions for non-invertible symmetries in 3+1d to be compatible with symmetric gapped phases, and invertible gapped phases. Along the way, we see that the defects characterizing $\mathbb{Z}_{4}$ ordinary symmetry host worldvolume theories with time-reversal symmetry $\mathsf{T}$ obeying the algebra $\mathsf{T}^{2}=C$ or $\mathsf{T}^{2}=(-1)^{F}C,$ with $C$ a unitary charge conjugation symmetry. We classify the anomalies of this symmetry algebra in 2+1d and further use these ideas to construct 2+1d topological orders with non-invertible time-reversal symmetry that permutes anyons. As a concrete realization of our general discussion, we construct new lattice Hamiltonian models in 3+1d with non-invertible symmetry, and constrain their dynamics., Comment: 57 pages, 8 figures

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

141. Calibration and Physics with ARA Station 1: A Unique Askaryan Radio Array Detector

Author

Seikh, M. F. H, Besson, D. Z., Ali, S., Allison, P., Archambault, S., Beatty, J. J., Bishop, A., Chen, P., Chen, Y. C., Clark, B. A., Clay, W., Connolly, A., Couberly, K., Cremonesi, L., Cummings, A., Dasgupta, P., Debolt, R., De Kockere, S., de Vries, K. D., Deaconu, C., DuVernois, M. A., Flaherty, J., Friedman, E., Gaior, R., Giri, P., Hanson, J., Harty, N., Hendricks, B., Hoffman, K. D., Huang, J. J., Huang, M. H. A., Hughes, K., Ishihara, A., Karle, A., Kelley, J. L., Kim, K. C., Kim, M. C., Kravchenko, I., Krebs, R., Kuo, C. Y., Kurusu, K., Latif, U. A., Liu, C. H., Liu, T. C., Luszczak, W., Mase, K., Muzio, M. S., Nam, J., Nichol, R. J., Novikov, A., Nozdrina, A., Oberla, E., Pan, Y., Pfendner, C., Punsuebsay, N., Roth, J., Salcedo-Gomez, A., Seckel, D., Seikh, M. F. H., Shiao, Y. S., Smith, D. J. B., Toscano, S., Torres, J., Touart, J., van Eijndhoven, N., Varner, G. S., Vieregg, A., Wang, M. Z., Wang, S. H., Wissel, S. A., Xie, C., Yoshida, S., and Young, R.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

The Askaryan Radio Array Station 1 (A1), the first among five autonomous stations deployed for the ARA experiment at the South Pole, is a unique ultra-high energy neutrino (UHEN) detector based on the Askaryan effect that uses Antarctic ice as the detector medium. Its 16 radio antennas (distributed across 4 strings, each with 2 Vertically Polarized (VPol), 2 Horizontally Polarized (HPol) receivers), and 2 strings of transmitting antennas (calibration pulsers, CPs), each with 1 VPol and 1 HPol channel, are deployed at depths less than 100 m within the shallow firn zone of the 2.8 km thick South Pole (SP) ice. We apply different methods to calibrate its Ice Ray Sampler second generation (IRS2) chip for timing offset and ADC-to-Voltage conversion factors using a known continuous wave input signal to the digitizer, and achieve a precision of sub-nanoseconds. We achieve better calibration for odd, compared to even samples, and also find that the HPols under-perform relative to the VPol channels. Our timing calibrated data is subsequently used to calibrate the ADC-to-Voltage conversion as well as precise antenna locations, as a precursor to vertex reconstruction. The calibrated data will then be analyzed for UHEN signals in the final step of data compression. The ability of A1 to scan the firn region of SP ice sheet will contribute greatly towards a 5-station analysis and will inform the design of the planned IceCube Gen-2 radio array., Comment: 10 pages

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

142. Auditing and Robustifying COVID-19 Misinformation Datasets via Anticontent Sampling

Author

Yoo, Clay H. and KhudaBukhsh, Ashiqur R.

Subjects
Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Computation and Language
Abstract

This paper makes two key contributions. First, it argues that highly specialized rare content classifiers trained on small data typically have limited exposure to the richness and topical diversity of the negative class (dubbed anticontent) as observed in the wild. As a result, these classifiers' strong performance observed on the test set may not translate into real-world settings. In the context of COVID-19 misinformation detection, we conduct an in-the-wild audit of multiple datasets and demonstrate that models trained with several prominently cited recent datasets are vulnerable to anticontent when evaluated in the wild. Second, we present a novel active learning pipeline that requires zero manual annotation and iteratively augments the training data with challenging anticontent, robustifying these classifiers., Comment: This paper has been accepted at AAAI 2023 (Robust and Safe AI track)

Published
2023

143. Quantum Duality in Electromagnetism and the Fine-Structure Constant

Author

Cordova, Clay and Ohmori, Kantaro

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Theory, Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

We describe the interplay between electric-magnetic duality and higher symmetry in Maxwell theory. When the fine-structure constant is rational, the theory admits non-invertible symmetries which can be realized as composites of electric-magnetic duality and gauging a discrete subgroup of the one-form global symmetry. These non-invertible symmetries are approximate quantum invariances of the natural world which emerge in the infrared below the mass scale of charged particles. We construct these symmetries explicitly as topological defects and illustrate their action on local and extended operators. We also describe their action on boundary conditions and illustrate some consequences of the symmetry for Hilbert spaces of the theory defined in finite volume., Comment: 14 pages, 3 figures. v2: minor corrections and additional references

Published
2023

144. Search for UHE Photons from Gravitational Wave Sources with the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author

The Pierre Auger Collaboration, Halim, A. Abdul, Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Allekotte, I., Cheminant, K. Almeida, Almela, A., Alvarez-Muñiz, J., Yebra, J. Ammerman, Anastasi, G. A., Anchordoqui, L., Andrada, B., Andringa, S., Aramo, C., Ferreira, P. R. Araújo, Arnone, E., Velázquez, J. C. Arteaga, Asorey, H., Assis, P., Avila, G., Avocone, E., Badescu, A. M., Bakalova, A., Balaceanu, A., Barbato, F., Bellido, J. A., Berat, C., Bertaina, M. E., Bhatta, G., Biermann, P. L., Binet, V., Bismark, K., Bister, T., Biteau, J., Blazek, J., Bleve, C., Blümer, J., Boháčová, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Arbeletche, L. Bonneau, Borodai, N., Brack, J., Bretz, T., Orchera, P. G. Brichetto, Briechle, F. L., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Buitink, S., Buscemi, M., Büsken, M., Bwembya, A., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Caccianiga, L., Caracas, I., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Catalani, F., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cerda, M., Chinellato, J. A., Chudoba, J., Chytka, L., Clay, R. W., Cerutti, A. C. Cobos, Colalillo, R., Coleman, A., Coluccia, M. R., Conceição, R., Condorelli, A., Consolati, G., Conte, M., Contreras, F., Convenga, F., Santos, D. Correia dos, Costa, P. J., Covault, C. E., Cristinziani, M., Sanchez, C. S. Cruz, Dasso, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B. R., de Almeida, R. M., de Jesús, J., de Jong, S. J., Neto, J. R. T. de Mello, De Mitri, I., de Oliveira, J., Franco, D. de Oliveira, de Palma, F., de Souza, V., De Vito, E., Del Popolo, A., Deligny, O., Deval, L., di Matteo, A., Dobre, M., Dobrigkeit, C., D'Olivo, J. C., Mendes, L. M. Domingues, Anjos, R. C. dos, Ebr, J., Emam, M., Engel, R., Epicoco, I., Erdmann, M., Etchegoyen, A., Falcke, H., Farmer, J., Farrar, G., Fauth, A. C., Fazzini, N., Feldbusch, F., Fenu, F., Fernandes, A., Fick, B., Figueira, J. M., Filipčič, A., Fitoussi, T., Flaggs, B., Fodran, T., Fujii, T., Fuster, A., Galea, C., Galelli, C., García, B., Gemmeke, H., Gesualdi, F., Gherghel-Lascu, A., Ghia, P. L., Giaccari, U., Giammarchi, M., Glombitza, J., Gobbi, F., Gollan, F., Golup, G., Berisso, M. Gómez, Vitale, P. F. Gómez, Gongora, J. P., González, J. M., González, N., Goos, I., Góra, D., Gorgi, A., Gottowik, M., Grubb, T. D., Guarino, F., Guedes, G. P., Guido, E., Hahn, S., Hamal, P., Hampel, M. R., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harvey, V. M., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Heck, D., Hojvat, C., Hörandel, J. R., Horvath, P., Hrabovský, M., Huege, T., Insolia, A., Isar, P. G., Janecek, P., Johnsen, J. A., Jurysek, J., Kääpä, A., Kampert, K. H., Keilhauer, B., Khakurdikar, A., Covilakam, V. V. Kizakke, Klages, H. O., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Knapp, F., Kunka, N., Lago, B. L., Langner, N., de Oliveira, M. A. Leigui, Lenok, V., Letessier-Selvon, A., Lhenry-Yvon, I., Presti, D. Lo, Lopes, L., López, R., Lu, L., Luce, Q., Lundquist, J. P., Payeras, A. Machado, Majercakova, M., Mandat, D., Manning, B. C., Manshanden, J., Mantsch, P., Marafico, S., Mariani, F. M., Mariazzi, A. G., Mariş, I. C., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Martinelli, S., Bravo, O. Martínez, Martins, M. A., Mastrodicasa, M., Mathes, H. J., Matthews, J., Matthiae, G., Mayotte, E., Mayotte, S., Mazur, P. O., Medina-Tanco, G., Meinert, J., Melo, D., Menshikov, A., Michal, S., Micheletti, M. I., Miramonti, L., Mollerach, S., Montanet, F., Morejon, L., Morello, C., Müller, A. L., Mulrey, K., Mussa, R., Muzio, M., Namasaka, W. M., Nasr-Esfahani, A., Nellen, L., Nicora, G., Niculescu-Oglinzanu, M., Niechciol, M., Nitz, D., Norwood, I., Nosek, D., Novotny, V., Nožka, L., Nucita, A, Núñez, L. A., Oliveira, C., Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Parente, G., Parra, A., Pawlowsky, J., Pech, M., Pękala, J., Pelayo, R., Pereira, L. A. S., Martins, E. E. Pereira, Armand, J. Perez, Bertolli, C. Pérez, Perrone, L., Petrera, S., Petrucci, C., Pierog, T., Pimenta, M., Platino, M., Pont, B., Pothast, M., Shavar, M. Pourmohammad, Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Puyleart, A., Querchfeld, S., Rautenberg, J., Ravignani, D., Reininghaus, M., Ridky, J., Riehn, F., Risse, M., Rizi, V., de Carvalho, W. Rodrigues, Rojo, J. Rodriguez, Roncoroni, M. J., Rossoni, S., Roth, M., Roulet, E., Rovero, A. C., Ruehl, P., Saftoiu, A., Saharan, M., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Salina, G., Gomez, J. D. Sanabria, Sánchez, F., Santos, E. M., Santos, E., Sarazin, F., Sarmento, R., Sato, R., Savina, P., Schäfer, C. M., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schimassek, M., Schimp, M., Schlüter, F., Schmidt, D., Scholten, O., Schoorlemmer, H., Schovánek, P., Schröder, F. G., Schulte, J., Schulz, T., Sciutto, S. J., Scornavacche, M., Segreto, A., Sehgal, S., Shivashankara, S. U., Sigl, G., Silli, G., Sima, O., Smau, R., Šmída, R., Sommers, P., Soriano, J. F., Squartini, R., Stadelmaier, M., Stanca, D., Stanič, S., Stasielak, J., Stassi, P., Straub, M., Streich, A., Suárez-Durán, M., Suomijärvi, T., Supanitsky, A. D., Szadkowski, Z., Tapia, A., Taricco, C., Timmermans, C., Tkachenko, O., Tobiska, P., Peixoto, C. J. Todero, Tomé, B., Torrès, Z., Travaini, A., Travnicek, P., Trimarelli, C., Tueros, M., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Vaclavek, L., Vacula, M., Galicia, J. F. Valdés, Valore, L., Varela, E., Vásquez-Ramírez, A., Veberič, D., Ventura, C., Quispe, I. D. Vergara, Verzi, V., Vicha, J., Vink, J., Vorobiov, S., Watanabe, C., Watson, A. A., Weindl, A., Wiencke, L., Wilczyński, H., Wittkowski, D., Wundheiler, B., Yushkov, A., Zapparrata, O., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., and Zavrtanik, M.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract

A search for time-directional coincidences of ultra-high-energy (UHE) photons above 10 EeV with gravitational wave (GW) events from the LIGO/Virgo runs O1 to O3 is conducted with the Pierre Auger Observatory. Due to the distinctive properties of photon interactions and to the background expected from hadronic showers, a subset of the most interesting GW events is selected based on their localization quality and distance. Time periods of 1000 s around and 1 day after the GW events are analyzed. No coincidences are observed. Upper limits on the UHE photon fluence from a GW event are derived that are typically at $\sim$7 MeV cm$^{-2}$ (time period 1000~s) and $\sim$35 MeV cm$^{-2}$ (time period 1 day). Due to the proximity of the binary neutron star merger GW170817, the energy of the source transferred into UHE photons above 40 EeV is constrained to be less than 20% of its total gravitational wave energy. These are the first limits on UHE photons from GW sources., Comment: 15 pages

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

145. Can the orbital distribution of Neptune's 3:2 mean motion resonance result from stability sculpting?

Author

Balaji, Sricharan, Zaveri, Nihaal, Hayashi, Nanae, Ruiz, Arcelia Hermosillo, Barnes, Jackson, Murray-Clay, Ruth, Volk, Kathryn, Gerhardt, Jake, and Syed, Zain

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

We explore a simplified model of the outcome of an early outer Solar System gravitational upheaval during which objects were captured into Neptune's 3:2 mean motion resonance via scattering rather than smooth planetary migration. We use N-body simulations containing the Sun, the four giant planets, and test particles in the 3:2 resonance to determine whether long-term stability sculpting over 4.5 Gyr can reproduce the observed 3:2 resonant population from an initially randomly scattered 3:2 population. After passing our simulated 3:2 resonant objects through a survey simulator, we find that the semimajor axis (a) and eccentricity (e) distributions are consistent with the observational data (assuming an absolute magnitude distribution constrained by prior studies), suggesting that these could be a result of stability sculpting. However, the inclination (i) distribution cannot be produced be stability sculpting and thus must result from a distinct process that excited the inclinations. Our simulations modestly under-predict the number of objects with high libration amplitudes (A{\phi}), possibly because we do not model transient sticking. Finally, our model under-populates the Kozai subresonance compared to both observations and to smooth migration models. Future work is needed to determine whether smooth migration occurring as Neptune's eccentricity damped to its current value can resolve this discrepancy., Comment: 15 pages, 13 figures

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

146. Literature Review -- School Discipline

Author

Intercultural Development Research Association (IDRA), Bishop, Sarah, Craven, Morgan, Galer, Deanna, Wilson, Terrence, and Duggins-Clay, Paige

Abstract

Schools should be spaces where students feel safe and welcome, actively engage with learning, and strive for success. Discipline policies and practices should reinforce these values, particularly safety and belonging. Unfortunately, ineffective discipline practices that punish students harshly and take them away from the classroom -- like suspensions, alternative school placements, corporal punishment, referrals to law enforcement, and expulsions -- are prevalent in U.S. schools. This technical assistance package and literature review is designed to help school leaders and educators identify ways to proactively build safe and trusting communities and end their reliance on approaches to discipline that are harmful to students. This report also addresses the persistent disparities in the administration of school discipline that target students of color, students with disabilities, and LGBTQ+ students. These troubling disparities demand interventions for the educators and administrators who are determining how and who to punish. It is critical to remember that disparities in punishment may be a reflection of adult bias and lack of training, rather than an indication of the prevalence of challenging student behaviors.

Published
2022

148. North Atlantic meltwater during Heinrich Stadial 1 drives wetter climate with more atmospheric rivers in western North America.

Author

Oster, Jessica, Macarewich, Sophia, Lofverstrom, Marcus, de Wet, Cameron, Montañez, Isabel, Lora, Juan, Skinner, Christopher, and Tabor, Clay

Abstract

Atmospheric rivers (ARs) bring concentrated rainfall and flooding to the western United States (US) and are hypothesized to have supported sustained hydroclimatic changes in the past. However, their ephemeral nature makes it challenging to document ARs in climate models and estimate their contribution to hydroclimate changes recorded by time-averaged paleoclimate archives. We present new climate model simulations of Heinrich Stadial 1 (HS1; 16,000 years before the present), an interval characterized by widespread wetness in the western US, that demonstrate increased AR frequency and winter precipitation sourced from the southeastern North Pacific. These changes are amplified with freshwater fluxes into the North Atlantic, indicating that North Atlantic cooling associated with weakened Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) is a key driver of HS1 climate in this region. As recent observations suggest potential weakening of AMOC, our identified connection between North Atlantic climate and northeast Pacific AR activity has implications for future western US hydroclimate.

Published
2023

149. Tropical mountain ice core δ18O: A Goldilocks indicator for global temperature change.

Author

Liu, Zhengyu, Bao, Yuntao, Thompson, Lonnie, Mosley-Thompson, Ellen, Tabor, Clay, Zhang, Guang, Yan, Mi, Lofverstrom, Marcus, Montanez, Isabel, and Oster, Jessica

Abstract

Very high tropical alpine ice cores provide a distinct paleoclimate record for climate changes in the middle and upper troposphere. However, the climatic interpretation of a key proxy, the stable water oxygen isotopic ratio in ice cores (δ18Oice), remains an outstanding problem. Here, combining proxy records with climate models, modern satellite measurements, and radiative-convective equilibrium theory, we show that the tropical δ18Oice is an indicator of the temperature of the middle and upper troposphere, with a glacial cooling of -7.35° ± 1.1°C (66% CI). Moreover, it severs as a Goldilocks-type indicator of global mean surface temperature change, providing the first estimate of glacial stage cooling that is independent of marine proxies as -5.9° ± 1.2°C. Combined with all estimations available gives the maximum likelihood estimate of glacial cooling as -5.85° ± 0.51°C.

Published
2023

150. Mycorrhizal feedbacks influence global forest structure and diversity.

Author

Delavaux, Camille, LaManna, Joseph, Myers, Jonathan, Phillips, Richard, Aguilar, Salomón, Allen, David, Alonso, Alfonso, Anderson-Teixeira, Kristina, Baker, Matthew, Baltzer, Jennifer, Bissiengou, Pulchérie, Bonfim, Mariana, Bourg, Norman, Brockelman, Warren, Burslem, David, Chang, Li-Wan, Chen, Yang, Chiang, Jyh-Min, Chu, Chengjin, Clay, Keith, Cordell, Susan, Cortese, Mary, den Ouden, Jan, Dick, Christopher, Ediriweera, Sisira, Ellis, Erle, Feistner, Anna, Freestone, Amy, Giambelluca, Thomas, Giardina, Christian, He, Fangliang, Holík, Jan, Howe, Robert, Huaraca Huasca, Walter, Hubbell, Stephen, Inman, Faith, Jansen, Patrick, Johnson, Daniel, Kral, Kamil, Larson, Andrew, Litton, Creighton, Lutz, James, Malhi, Yadvinder, McGuire, Krista, McMahon, Sean, McShea, William, Memiaghe, Hervé, Nathalang, Anuttara, Norden, Natalia, Novotny, Vojtech, OBrien, Michael, Orwig, David, Ostertag, Rebecca, Parker, Geoffrey, Pérez, Rolando, Reynolds, Glen, Russo, Sabrina, Sack, Lawren, Šamonil, Pavel, Sun, I-Fang, Swanson, Mark, Thompson, Jill, Uriarte, Maria, Vandermeer, John, Wang, Xihua, Ware, Ian, Weiblen, George, Wolf, Amy, Wu, Shu-Hui, Zimmerman, Jess, Lauber, Thomas, Maynard, Daniel, Crowther, Thomas, Averill, Colin, and Gilbert, Gregory|Greg

Subjects
Mycorrhizae, Feedback, Symbiosis, Plants, Soil
Abstract

One mechanism proposed to explain high species diversity in tropical systems is strong negative conspecific density dependence (CDD), which reduces recruitment of juveniles in proximity to conspecific adult plants. Although evidence shows that plant-specific soil pathogens can drive negative CDD, trees also form key mutualisms with mycorrhizal fungi, which may counteract these effects. Across 43 large-scale forest plots worldwide, we tested whether ectomycorrhizal tree species exhibit weaker negative CDD than arbuscular mycorrhizal tree species. We further tested for conmycorrhizal density dependence (CMDD) to test for benefit from shared mutualists. We found that the strength of CDD varies systematically with mycorrhizal type, with ectomycorrhizal tree species exhibiting higher sapling densities with increasing adult densities than arbuscular mycorrhizal tree species. Moreover, we found evidence of positive CMDD for tree species of both mycorrhizal types. Collectively, these findings indicate that mycorrhizal interactions likely play a foundational role in global forest diversity patterns and structure.

Published
2023

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results