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Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T08:32:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-01-01 This study aimed to describe successful cryopreservation of sperm from maned wolves (Chrysocyon brachyurus). Three ejaculates from 2 maned wolves were collected by digital manipulation of the penis and evaluated subjectively, centrifuged and frozen in BotuCrio® (Botupharma, Botucatu, Brazil) or Tris–yolk egg extender. Spermatozoa were thawed at 37ºC/30s or 70ºC/4s and evaluated for kinetics, morphology, plasma and acrosome membrane integrity, mitochondrial potential, hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion and lipid peroxidation. From 5 thawed samples, two had sperm total motility >55% (56.0% and 64.0%) and progressive motility ~35% (35% and 40%), both frozen with Tris–yolk egg. Plasma and acrosome membrane integrity decreased and percentage of sperm defects increased post-thawing. We concluded that is possible to freeze spermatozoa from maned wolves using semen collection and processing methods applied for domestic dogs. Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science São Paulo State University (UNESP) University of Franca (UNIFRAN) Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science São Paulo State University (UNESP)

Ethanolamine-containing alkenyl ether glycerophospholipids, plasmalogens, are major cell membrane components of mammalian cells that activate membrane protein receptors such as ion transporters and G-protein coupled receptors. However, the mechanism by which plasmalogens modulate receptor function is unknown. Here, we found that exogenously added plasmalogens activate transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily C member 4 (TRPC4) to increase Ca

Objective: Evaluation of the healing and toxicological effects of Copaifera duckei Dwyer oleoresin (CDO). Materials and Methods: Rodents with skin lesions were divided into nine groups, including daily treatments with 1, 3 and 10% CDO, collagenase, antibiotic ointment and control groups, for 14 days. Results: Treatment with 10% CDO reduced skin edema and hyperplasia, demonstrating anti-inflammatory effect of the oil. Reduction in the wound area was observed, indicating the healing effect of CDO. Histopathological analysis showed increases in angiogenesis and re-epithelialization in animals treated with the highest concentration. On the other hand, no alterations in ulcerations, inflammatory infiltrate, hemorrhage, congestion, degeneration, percentage of collagen fibers, number of cells stained with anti-macrophage migration inhibitory factor, or density of area stained with anti-collagen I and III were found. Toxicogenetic analysis revealed no differences in micronucleus frequencies or in the ratio of polychromatic erythrocytes to total erythrocytes between treated and negative control, demonstrating the absence of genotoxicity and cytotoxicity, respectively. There was no difference in levels of liver enzymes among groups, indicating the absence of hepatotoxicity. Conclusion: Formulations of CDO exerted beneficial effects on the stages of cutaneous wound healing and are promising options for the treatment of wounds.

Most natural products derived from microorganisms have been sought from actinomycetes and filamentous fungi. As an attempt to develop new microbial resources in the exploratory research for natural products, we searched for new compounds from unexploited microbial taxa presumed to have biosynthetic gene clusters. A new compound confluenine G (1) and a known compound (2Z)-2-octyl-2-pentenedioic acid (2) were isolated from a cultured broth of basidiomycetous yeast, Moesziomyces sp. FKI-9540, derived from the gut of a moth Acherontia lachesis (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae). Based on the results of HR-ESI-MS and NMR analyses, the planar structure of 1 was elucidated. Confluenine G (1) was a new analog of nitrogen-oxidized isoleucine and had rare substructures with oxime and hydroxamic acid in molecule

Following the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake, we constructed seafloor geodetic benchmarks for GNSS-Acoustic measurement at twenty sites along the Japan trench in September 2012 and have started repeating surveys since then. Reliable horizontal displacement rates were obtained to date for a sufficiently long period of surveys, which revealed the coexistence of viscoelastic relaxation and after slips from place to place. Further analysis to estimate vertical motion, we preliminary exposed regions of uplift and subsidence, although the expected errors were still significant. However, the pattern of vertical motion gives independent information from the horizontal ones for verifying viscoelastic models and evaluating the extent of after slips.We introduced an unmanned autonomous vehicle, called Waveglider (WG), as a surface platform instead of a ship, which overcomes the deficiency in ship-time in the sense of budget and human resources. Actually, data obtained by WG bear comparison with that by shipboard survey, and even the onboard-processed data can be transmitted to the onshore station via satellite system nearly in realtime. Moreover, significantly intensive use of WG helps increase the survey frequency, which can have a chance to identify slow slip events; for instance, marine seismometers have revealed the existence of slow events off the Sanriku region near our survey sites. The WG deficit is sometimes trapped against sea current even along the Japan trench, typically when over 2 knots, and fails into low power conditions depending on weather, season, and solar culmination altitude. Well-organized planning and operation may reduce such deficit. More practically, the slower speed of WG prevents efficient moving survey over a transponder array, especially for deep (>5000m) sites having a large footprint of the array, which is typical for our sites. Insufficient moving survey degrades the accuracy in vertical crustal movement, the importance of which increases to monitor the afterslip distribution as noted above. Then we solve this problem using a different approach that utilizes different incident angles even in point survey by employing two concentric triangles of different sizes for a six transponder site or a triangle with a centered one for a four transponder site.If WG operation would become more common and can be appropriative, a fully continuous survey will be realized at a specific site without a moored buoy. This will be valuable not only for detecting temporal phenomena like slow slip events but also for disaster mitigation to monitor offshore fault failure in realtime. In addition, such prompt measurement just after a large earthquake reveals rapid postseismic deformation in an early stage. Long-term continuous operation requires particular battery specifications and operational fashion for seafloor transponders. We are also designing such transponders at this moment.

Summary: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play critical roles in metabolism and disease, yet a comprehensive analysis of the cellular response to oxidative stress is lacking. To systematically identify regulators of oxidative stress, we conducted genome-wide Cas9/CRISPR and shRNA screens. This revealed a detailed picture of diverse pathways that control oxidative stress response, ranging from the TCA cycle and DNA repair machineries to iron transport, trafficking, and metabolism. Paradoxically, disrupting the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) at the level of phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (PGD) protects cells against ROS. This dramatically alters metabolites in the PPP, consistent with rewiring of upper glycolysis to promote antioxidant production. In addition, disruption of peroxisomal import unexpectedly increases resistance to oxidative stress by altering the localization of catalase. Together, these studies provide insights into the roles of peroxisomal matrix import and the PPP in redox biology and represent a rich resource for understanding the cellular response to oxidative stress. : Despite its importance in metabolism and disease, a comprehensive analysis of the cellular response to oxidative stress is lacking. Here, Dubreuil et al. use genome-wide screens to identify cellular regulators of oxidative stress. They investigate paradoxical mechanisms by which disruption of the pentose phosphate and peroxisomal import pathways protect cells. Keywords: CRISPR, genome-wide screen, shRNA, pentose phosphate pathway, peroxisomal import pathway, catalase, phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species

Intraocular lymphoma is a malignant neoplasm, which commonly affects the uveal tract of dogs, most of the time, a consequence of the multicentric by the hematogenous spread of neoplastic lymphocytes. The symptoms are varied and the chronicity can cause serious eye problems such as glaucoma and loss of visual acuity. In view of the unusual occurrence of primary ocular lymphoma in dogs, the objective was to discuss the case of a dog with uveal involvement, presenting conjunctival congestion, increased episcleral vessels, hypopyon, hyphema and increased intraocular pressure. After seven days of conservative treatment, symptoms worsened, especially the intraocular pressure. The tutor returned only two months after the consultation with the sonographic report of neoplasia in the uvea. There was an increase in the ocular bulb, vascularization and corneal edema, posterior synechia, discomfort, loss of visual acuity and neoformation in the iris. Was opted for enucleation and the histopathology suggested large cell lymphoma in the uveal tract. Two years after surgery, no metastases were observed. It is concluded that lymphoma can affect the uveal tract primarily in dogs, demonstrating different clinical signs and, in addition, early diagnosis and correctly instituted treatment favor quality of life and survival of the affected. El linfoma intraocular es una neoplasia maligna que comúnmente afecta el tracto uveal de los perros, siendo más a menudo una consecuencia de la forma multicéntrica por diseminación hematógena de linfocitos neoplásicos. Los síntomas son variados y la cronicidad puede provocar problemas oculares graves, como glaucoma y pérdida de la agudeza visual. Dada la infrecuente aparición de linfoma ocular primario en perros, el objetivo fue discutir el caso de una perra con afectación uveal, que presenta congestión conjuntival, aumento de vasos epiesclerales, hipopio, hipema y aumento de la presión intraocular. Después de siete días de tratamiento conservador, se observó un empeoramiento especialmente en la presión intraocular. El tutor regresó solo dos meses después de la consulta con el informe ecográfico de neoplasia de úvea. Hubo aumento del globo ocular, vascularización y edema corneal, sinequia posterior y malestar. pérdida de agudeza visual y neoformación del iris. Se eligió la enucleación y la histopatología sugirió linfoma de células grandes en el tracto uveal. Dos años después de la cirugía, no se observaron metástasis. Se concluye que el linfoma puede afectar principalmente a la vía uveal, presentando diferentes signos y, además, el diagnóstico precoz y el tratamiento correctamente instituido favorecen la calidad de vida y supervivencia de la persona afectada. O linfoma intraocular é uma neoplasia maligna que comumente afeta o trato uveal de cães, sendo na maioria das vezes, consequência da forma multicêntrica pela disseminação hematogênica de linfócitos neoplásicos. Os sintomas são variados e a cronicidade pode causar graves problemas oculares, como glaucoma e perda da acuidade visual. Perante a ocorrência incomum do linfoma primário ocular em cães, o objetivo foi discorrer o caso de uma cadela com comprometimento uveal, apresentando congestão conjuntival, aumento de vasos episclerais, hipópio, hifema e aumento da pressão intraocular. Após sete dias de tratamento conservador, observou-se piora especialmente na pressão intraocular. O tutor retornou somente após dois meses da consulta com o laudo ultrassonográfico de neoplasia na úvea. Notou-se aumento do bulbo ocular, vascularização e edema corneal, sinéquia posterior, desconforto. perda da acuidade visual e neoformação em íris. Optou-se pela enucleação e a histopatologia sugeriu linfoma de grandes células no trato uveal. Após dois anos da cirurgia não foi observado metástases. Conclui-se que o linfoma pode acometer o trato uveal de forma primária, demonstrando sinais diversos e, além disso, o diagnóstico precoce e o tratamento corretamente instituído favorecem a qualidade de vida e sobrevida do acometido.

Four new tricyclic macrolides, named shikinefragalides A (1), B (2), C (3) and D (4), were isolated by physicochemical (PC) screening from a static culture material of Stachybotryaceae sp. FKI-9632. Their structures were elucidated as new analogs of colletofragarones by MS and NMR analyses. Compounds 1 and 2 showed weak antimalarial activity and cytotoxicity.

Determining the structures of new natural products from marine species not only enriches our understanding of the diverse chemistry of these species, but can also lead to the discovery of compounds with novel and/or important biological activities. Herein, we describe the isolation of isomaneonene C (1), a new halogenated C15 acetogenin, and three known compounds, α-snyderol (2), cis-maneonene D (3), and isomaneonene B (4), from the organic extract obtained from the red alga Laurencia cf. mariannensis collected from Iheya Island, Okinawa, Japan. The structures of these secondary metabolites were elucidated spectroscopically. All compounds were inactive at 30 μg/disc against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in combination treatment with a β-lactam drug, meropenem.

3Z,5E-Octa-3,5-diene-1,3,4-tricarboxylic acid-3,4-anhydride (ODTAA, 1) was isolated from Paecilomyces sp. FKI-6801 for its selective IMP-1 MBL inhibitory activity. The first total synthesis of 1 from the commercially available compound was achieved in 9 steps with 28% overall yield. Introduction of catechol to the maleic anhydride of 1 improved the IC