Search

Influence of Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) on the fluid in channel flow in the presence of thin needle across the fluid movement is observed in this study. A two-dimensional computational analysis has been performed to see the effects of inlet/outlet conditions with inserted curvilinear shaped body in the channel. In this case, temperature on all boundaries is colder than that of inlet air and flat part of the inserted body. The governing equations are solved by using finite element method and magnetic field is also taken into account. With suitable dimensionless variables, PDEs are transformed into dimensionless PDEs, then raised parameter is simulated against the streamlines, isotherms and temperature distribution at mean position. Effect of Reynolds number, Richardson number, Magnetic hydrodynamic, size and state of needle is observed on local Nusselt number at the mean position. On isotherm profile, Reynolds number has a noticeable impact. With an increase in Re, heat circulation close to the needle increases, and for higher Ri, velocity on the outlet port increases. The inlet and outlet portions of the channel generate streamlines that have a significant impact on the diameter of the needle. Increased needle diameter causes heated lines to be pushed away from the centre. It is also found that the temperature gradient in the flow fields and heat transfer over the heated wall of the cavity are significant, altered by the placement of needle size during various computations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractIn this research, a square chamber filled by a ternary hybrid nanofluid is used to analyze conjugate MHD (Magnetohydrodynamic) free convection. Except for the bottom horizontal wall, which has a finite thickness and thermal conductivity, the thickness of the remaining three walls is assumed to be zero. The chamber’s lower wall is heated uniformly, while the left vertical wall is heated linearly. In contrast, the upper chamber wall is adequately insulated, and the right vertical wall is cooled. Utilizing finite element analysis, numerical simulations are conducted to examine the heat and fluid flow as dictated by the Navier-Stokes and heat energy equations. Various governing parameters, including the ratio of thermal conductivities (0.1≤Rk≤10), the volume percentage of ternary hybrid nanoparticles (0≤δthnp≤0.03), the Rayleigh number (103≤Ra≤106), and the Hartmann number (0≤Ha≤100), have been found to impact the system’s thermal properties. Streamlines and isotherms show the qualitative results of this study. Nusselt number and entropy production are used to present the quantitative results. It is found that the average entropy production due to heat transfer can be increased using ternary nanofluid for both cases of presence as well as absence of magnetic fields. This increase is comparatively minimum (which is approximately 5.9% for Ha = 0 and 4.8% for Ha = 50) for the case of Rk = 0.1 than the other cases of Rk = 1 and Rk = 10. Highest heat transfer rate can be accomplished using the ternary fluid as performing fluid than base fluid. This is comparatively significant for Rk = 0.1 in the nonappearance of magnetic field than the other cases. The rate of heat transfer and average entropy production can be reduced by decreasing Ra. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]