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It is known that bamboo shoots possess a disagreeable pungent taste which are coiled ‘egumi’ in Japan. One of the egumi substances in the shoots was identified as homogentisic acid (HGA).This study is to determine HGA contents in the shoots obtained from different harvest times, size and cultivation places. Moreover, the changes in HGA contents in the shoots during the storage at 1°C and 20°C were determined.1. HGA content in the shoots harvested at an early time was 111-248μg/100gFW and it remarkably decreased with the approach to its best productive season.2. As for the size, HGA content was higher with the increase in the shoot weight.3. HGA content decreased continuously during storage at 1°C, but at 20°C no significant changes were found during 2 days of storage, and after that it decreased.4. The considerable changes in HGA content were found in the shoots produced in the various places.

Trace elements from the giant panda including hair, liver, kidney, ovary and testis, were determined by PIXE. Comparative studies of the elemental contents in hair, liver and kidney from epileptic and normal giant pandas were performed respectively. The differences in the elemental contents of leaf, stalk, and bamboo shoots from normal and withered arrows were determined. For this research work a Van de Graaff electrostatic accelerator and a Si(Li) semiconductor spectrometer at the Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology of Sichuan University were employed.

Das Cyanogen der Bambusschoslinge wird isoliert und als Taxiphyllin (3) identifiziert. Die Thermolabilitat von 3, die fur die Esbarkeit der Sprosse verantwortlich ist, wird untersucht und die Umwandlung von 3 in acetyliertes Dhurrin (5) beschrieben. Als weitere Extraktivstoffe werden β-Sitosterol (1), dem etwas Campesterol und Stigmasterol beigemischt sind, 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyd (2) und L-Asparagin (7) nachgewiesen. Die Aminosauren, die 7 begleiten. sind aufgefuhrt, ihre mogliche Rolle bei Cyanogenese und Metabolismus wird diskutiert. On the Cyanogenesis of Bambusa vulgaris and B. guadua The cyanogen of bamboo shoots is isolated and identified as taxiphyllin (3). The thermolability of 3 responsible for the edibility of the shoots is studied and the conversion of 3 into acetylated dhurrin (5) described. As further extractives β-sitosterol (1) containing some campesterol and stigmasterol, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (2) and L-asparagine (7) are identified. The amino acids accompanying 7 are presented and their possible role in cyanogenesis and metabolism discussed.

In China and Japan bamboo shoots have long served as victuals, but no such use has yet developed in the New World, except for imports of the canned article. Edibility tests on 27 kinds growing in Puerto Rico are here reported, but large plantations and propaganda to create a demand for the shoots would be necessary to establish them as items of diet in America.

The research was aimed to determine the source of plant growth regulator from natural ingredients that can increase the viability of onion True Seed Shallot (TSS). This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Seed, Universitas Sisingamangaraja XII Tapanuli, North Sumatra from June until July 2018. This research used Completely Randomized Design. The treatment of this research: Z0 (control/distilled water), Z1 (GA3 100 ppm), Z2 (BAP 100 ppm), Z3 (banana hump extract), Z4 (bamboo shoot extract), Z5 (onion extract), Z6 (coconut water). Each treatment has four replications. Parameters of this research include maximum growth potential (MGP), germination, root length, and hypocotyl length. Data analysis using IBM SPSS Statistics v.20. The results showed that treatment onion extract can increase the highest TSS germination at 7 and 14 days after planting (DAP) amount 85.83% and 80.84% respectively. Treatment bamboo shoots, onion extracts, coconut water and GA3 can increase the MGP which is classified as high ranging from 81.67 to 92.50%. Soaking the onion TSS with bamboo shoot extract and GA3 treatment can increase the hypocotyl length amount 4.06 cm and 3.91 cm respectively.

The functions of roots may be divided into two general categories, the mechanical (comprising support and anchorage) and the absorptive. The development of roots implies the presence of exciting stimuli of a mechanical or physiological nature or both, their real function being revealed by their morphological character. A cluster of vigorous fibrous roots at the base of a bamboo culm, therefore, presupposes a definite original need. It is logical to assume then that their sudden elimination would leave that need unfilled and that this loss would manifest itself in some way in the life of the culm. The intensity of the effects so observed, in other words, would constitute a measure of their importance to the culm and the character of these effects a key to their real function. The bamboos of the genus Phyllostachys not only develop roots at the base of their culms but remain throughout their existence attached to the nodes of the subterranean rhizome from which they originally sprang. These roots make their appearance during the elongation of the shoots. I have studied the elongation of bamboo shoots from various standpoints (Porterfield, I927, I928, I93I) and find that the rate of elongation follows a very regular course during the grand period (Porterfield, I928) and that on the whole it is unusually high. Furthermore, there is a pronounced daily rhythm which progresses consistently throughout and varies only in its response to the changes in atmospheric conditions of temperature, humidity, and rainfall (Porterfield, I 93 ). Growing shoots appear to be very sensitive to changes in temperature. With the object of determining in so far as possible the relation of these roots to shoot elongation, I planned the following series of operations: first, the selection of a number of shoots whose roots were to be lopped off at about four-day intervals, an equal numberto be left untouched as controls for comparison; second, the recording of daily height measurements for all shoots to observe the character of the grand period of growth in rootless and rooted shoots; third, the careful consideration of the daily rhythm between day and night rates of elongation in both categories of shoots; and fourth, the examination of the extent, if any, of the response of treated shoots to climatic factors as compared with that of untreated shoots.

Several plant foods were tested for their content of vitamins B and C. Togi (sprouted mongo), okra, and avocado were found to be comparatively high in vitamin B. One half gram of each of them as daily supplement to the standard vitamin B free diet caused the recovery in weight of rats which had been declining because of lack of this accessory food factor. Mongo, sweet potato leaves and duhat (Eugenia jambolana) contain enough vitamin so that one gram of each of them as daily supplement caused the recovery in weight of rats which had been declining due to lack of vitamin B. Artichokes, bilimbi (Averrhoa carambola), banana flower bud and bamboo shoots are relatively poor in vitamin B.The vitamin B in mongo was increased in germination, a fact contrary to the finding of Grijns that the antiberi-beri vitamin is lessened in amount as germination takes place.Mongo is relatively poor in vitamin C. Togi when fresh is relatively rich in vitamin C; but after it is prepared for culinary use, the vitamin C is destroy...

A new gibberellin C20H26O6, tentatively named “bamboo gibberellin”, was isolated from water extract of bamboo shoots (Phyllostachys edulis) through successive purification procedures: countercurren...

Here, we present new evidence that evolutionary adaptation of the Ailuripodinae lineage to bamboo diet has taken place by morphological adaptations in the masticatory system. The giant panda in the wild and in captivity removes without an exception the outer skin of all bamboo shoots, rich in abrasive and toxic compounds, by the highly adapted premolars P3 and P4. The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) allows sidewise movement of the jaw and the premolars can, in a cusp-to-cusp position, remove the poorly digestible outer skin of the bamboo before crushing the bamboo with molars. Based on the evidence presented here, we suggest that adaptation of TMJ to lateral movement for enabling cusp-to-cusp contact of premolars is the crucial evolutionary factor as which we consider the key to understand the Ailuropodinae lineage adaptive pathway to utilize the bamboo resource.

EFFORTS have been made to investigate the growth substances in the bamboo, which is known as a plant of very speedy growth. In previous work, indolyl-3-acetic acid was shown to occur in the bamboo shoots1,2. Recently, Kato3 showed preliminary evidence of gibberellin-like substances in the shoots. This communication describes occurrences of gibberellin-like substances in both the main stems and leaf sheaths of bamboo shoots (Phyllostachys edulis).