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Obsahom mojej bakalárskej práce je osvetlenie základnej problematiky bezdrôtových sietí. Podáva prehľad štandardov IEEE 802.11. Tieto štandardy analyzujem so zameraním na ich bezpečnosť a architektúru. Ďalším krokom bude následné vytvorenie bezpečnej podnikovej siete podľa zistených skutočností pre konkrétny podnik., The content of this thesis is to illuminate the basic issues of wireless networks. It gives an overview of IEEE 802.11 standards. I´ll analyze these standards with special emphasis on their security and architecture. The next step will be the subsequent creation of a secure corporate network according to the established facts of a particular company.

Tento semestrální projekt se zabývá analýzou zabezpečení bezdrátových WiFi sítí založených na standardu 802.1X a metodou auditu těchto sítí. V práci jsou popsány jednotlivé verze metod autentizačního protokolu EAP používané v bezdrátových sítích, rizika vyplývající z jejich nasazení a doporučení pro zmírnění těchto rizik. Součástí práce je také návrh a implementace aplikace určené pro audit 802.1X bezdrátových sítí se zaměřením na zpracování protokolu EAP., This term project analyzes the security of 802.1X based wireless networks and presents the methodology for auditing these networks. The thesis describes various methods of the EAP authentication protocol used in wireless networks, security risks arising from their usage and recommendations for mitigating these risks. The paper also includes implementation of applications for 802.1X based wireless network audit focusing on the EAP protocol processing.

Bakalárska práca je hlavne zameraná na problematiku zabezpečenia v bezdrôtových sieťach založených na štandarde 802.11. Zahŕňa popis využívaných šifrovacích procesov a možností autentifikácie v sieťach 802.11. Taktiež vysvetľuje funkčnosť protokolov EAP a RADIUS, ktoré sú hlavnou súčasťou zabezpečenia WPA/WPA2-Enterprise. Na záver práce sú simulované základné typy útokov na štandard 802.11 a následne je navrhnuté a realizované zabezpečenie, ktoré predchádza podobným útokom. Zabezpečenie je realizované na základe overovania pristupujúcich klientov za pomoci RADIUS servera., The main focus of this bachelor's thesis is on issues with security in wireless networks, based on standard 802.11. It includes description of most used encryption process and authentication methods in 802.11 networks. Also it explains functionality of EAP and RADIUS protocols, which are the main part of WPA/WPA2-Enterprise security mode. At the end of the thesis there is simulation of basic attacks on standard 802.11 and consequently desing and implementation of security, which prevents similar attacks. Implementation of security is based on authentication of clients through RADIUS server.

Obsahom mojej bakalárskej práce je osvetlenie základnej problematiky bezdrôtových sietí. Podáva prehľad štandardov IEEE 802.11. Tieto štandardy analyzujem so zameraním na ich bezpečnosť a architektúru. Ďalším krokom bude následné vytvorenie bezpečnej podnikovej siete podľa zistených skutočností pre konkrétny podnik., The content of this thesis is to illuminate the basic issues of wireless networks. It gives an overview of IEEE 802.11 standards. I´ll analyze these standards with special emphasis on their security and architecture. The next step will be the subsequent creation of a secure corporate network according to the established facts of a particular company.

Bakalárska práca je hlavne zameraná na problematiku zabezpečenia v bezdrôtových sieťach založených na štandarde 802.11. Zahŕňa popis využívaných šifrovacích procesov a možností autentifikácie v sieťach 802.11. Taktiež vysvetľuje funkčnosť protokolov EAP a RADIUS, ktoré sú hlavnou súčasťou zabezpečenia WPA/WPA2-Enterprise. Na záver práce sú simulované základné typy útokov na štandard 802.11 a následne je navrhnuté a realizované zabezpečenie, ktoré predchádza podobným útokom. Zabezpečenie je realizované na základe overovania pristupujúcich klientov za pomoci RADIUS servera., The main focus of this bachelor's thesis is on issues with security in wireless networks, based on standard 802.11. It includes description of most used encryption process and authentication methods in 802.11 networks. Also it explains functionality of EAP and RADIUS protocols, which are the main part of WPA/WPA2-Enterprise security mode. At the end of the thesis there is simulation of basic attacks on standard 802.11 and consequently desing and implementation of security, which prevents similar attacks. Implementation of security is based on authentication of clients through RADIUS server.

Cieľom tejto práce je preštudovať a otestovať sieťové riešenie IBNS, ktoré dovoľuje navrhnúť flexibilnú bezpečnostnú politiku založenú na identite a právach užívateľov, nezávislú na fyzických zariadeniach a spojeniach, ktoré títo užívatelia používajú., Main goal of this thesis is to study and test network access based on IBNS technology giving possibility to design flexible security policy based on user's identity and rights that is transparent to physical network components.

Tento dokument popisuje prehľad bežne dostupných a používaných štandardov a mechanizmov pre zabezpečenie bezdrôtovej siete založenej na protokole Wi-Fi. Pokrýva všetky dôležité oblasti bezpečnosti zahrňujúc utajenie, integritu aj autentifikáciu. Prítomný je detailný rozbor a popis funkcie jednotlivých mechanizmov. Nasleduje popis možných útokov proti jednotlivým druhom zabezpečenia. V ďalších častiach dokumentu je zmeraný vplyv šifrovania na prenosovú rýchlosť. Ďalej sú to útoky na jednotlivé zabezpečovaci mechanizmy a napokon popis nasadenia centrálnej autentizácie., This document provides overview of commonly used standards and mechanisms for securing the wireless network based on Wi-Fi protocol. It is covering all important security areas including confidentiality, integrity and authentication. We can find here also detailed analysis and description of functionality of listed mechanisms. Description of possible attacks against listed security mechanisms. There is a measurement of influence of encryption to transfer speed in the another section. It's followed by attacks against particular security mechanisms. And finally, description of deployment of central authentication system.

Cieľom tejto práce je preštudovať a otestovať sieťové riešenie IBNS, ktoré dovoľuje navrhnúť flexibilnú bezpečnostnú politiku založenú na identite a právach užívateľov, nezávislú na fyzických zariadeniach a spojeniach, ktoré títo užívatelia používajú., Main goal of this thesis is to study and test network access based on IBNS technology giving possibility to design flexible security policy based on user's identity and rights that is transparent to physical network components.

Bakalárska práca je hlavne zameraná na problematiku zabezpečenia v bezdrôtových sieťach založených na štandarde 802.11. Zahŕňa popis využívaných šifrovacích procesov a možností autentifikácie v sieťach 802.11. Taktiež vysvetľuje funkčnosť protokolov EAP a RADIUS, ktoré sú hlavnou súčasťou zabezpečenia WPA/WPA2-Enterprise. Na záver práce sú simulované základné typy útokov na štandard 802.11 a následne je navrhnuté a realizované zabezpečenie, ktoré predchádza podobným útokom. Zabezpečenie je realizované na základe overovania pristupujúcich klientov za pomoci RADIUS servera., The main focus of this bachelor's thesis is on issues with security in wireless networks, based on standard 802.11. It includes description of most used encryption process and authentication methods in 802.11 networks. Also it explains functionality of EAP and RADIUS protocols, which are the main part of WPA/WPA2-Enterprise security mode. At the end of the thesis there is simulation of basic attacks on standard 802.11 and consequently desing and implementation of security, which prevents similar attacks. Implementation of security is based on authentication of clients through RADIUS server.

Diplomová práca sa zaoberá autentizáciou pomocou protokolu RADIUS a autentizačnými metódami podľa štandardu IEEE 802.1X. Na začiatku sa nachádza stručná charakteristika vybraných autentizačných metód, najmä PAP, CHAP a niektorých EAP typov. Obsahuje tiež prehľad implementácií protokolu RADIUS, bližšie sa venuje serveru FreeRADIUS. Cieľom je implementovať nástroj na správu servera FreeRADIUS., This diploma thesis deals with authentication using RADIUS protocol and authentication methods in accordance with standard IEEE 802.1X. At the beginning there are shortly characteristics of chosen authentication methods, such as CHAP, PAP and some EAP types. Document includes summary of RADIUS protocols implementations, especially the FreeRADIUS server. Our goal is to implement a management tool to adminitrate FreeRADIUS server.

Tento semestrální projekt se zabývá analýzou zabezpečení bezdrátových WiFi sítí založených na standardu 802.1X a metodou auditu těchto sítí. V práci jsou popsány jednotlivé verze metod autentizačního protokolu EAP používané v bezdrátových sítích, rizika vyplývající z jejich nasazení a doporučení pro zmírnění těchto rizik. Součástí práce je také návrh a implementace aplikace určené pro audit 802.1X bezdrátových sítí se zaměřením na zpracování protokolu EAP., This term project analyzes the security of 802.1X based wireless networks and presents the methodology for auditing these networks. The thesis describes various methods of the EAP authentication protocol used in wireless networks, security risks arising from their usage and recommendations for mitigating these risks. The paper also includes implementation of applications for 802.1X based wireless network audit focusing on the EAP protocol processing.

Obsahom mojej bakalárskej práce je osvetlenie základnej problematiky bezdrôtových sietí. Podáva prehľad štandardov IEEE 802.11. Tieto štandardy analyzujem so zameraním na ich bezpečnosť a architektúru. Ďalším krokom bude následné vytvorenie bezpečnej podnikovej siete podľa zistených skutočností pre konkrétny podnik., The content of this thesis is to illuminate the basic issues of wireless networks. It gives an overview of IEEE 802.11 standards. I´ll analyze these standards with special emphasis on their security and architecture. The next step will be the subsequent creation of a secure corporate network according to the established facts of a particular company.

Tato diplomová práce pojednává o bezdrátových sítích, převážně pak o WiFi. Zabývá se přehledem jednotlivých zabezpečovacích mechanismů ať už teoreticky, tak i jejich nasazením v reálném hardwaru. Zajímá se především o bezpečnost jednotlivých mechanismů, a tedy také o jejich slabiny, které vedou k prolomení zabezpečení. V jednotlivých kapitolách jsou rovněž nastíněny myšlenky a postupy, kterými se útočníci snaží proniknout do bezdrátových sítí a prolomit tak šifrování WEP, WPA nebo WPA2. Zároveň je zde přiblížen princip autentizace bezdrátových sítí pomocí autentizačního serveru a jeho možnosti nastavení, který je propojen s adresářovou službou LDAP. V předposlední kapitole je souhrn bezpečnostních mechanismů a doporučení, který by se měl dodržovat při návrhu bezdrátové sítě pro zajištění nejvyšší bezpečnosti. Závěr je věnován sociálnímu inženýrství s jeho nejznámějšími představiteli., This master's thesis deals with wireless networks, mainly about the WiFi. It deals with summary of individual security mechanism both theoretically and using them in real hardware. Mainly it is interested in the security of the individual mechanisms and their weaknesses, which cause rupture of security. At each chapter the ideas and methods, that the attackers are trying for infiltration of wireless networks and decrypt encryption WEP, WPA or WPA2, are outlined. The principle of the authentication of the WiFi by the authentication server and its options, which is connected with directory service LDAP, is also explained in this thesis. The penultimate chapter deals with the summary of security mechanisms and references that should be adhered by design of the WiFi for the provision of the high security. The ending of the master's thesis is devoted to social engineering and its most famous representatives.

Diplomová práca sa zaoberá autentizáciou pomocou protokolu RADIUS a autentizačnými metódami podľa štandardu IEEE 802.1X. Na začiatku sa nachádza stručná charakteristika vybraných autentizačných metód, najmä PAP, CHAP a niektorých EAP typov. Obsahuje tiež prehľad implementácií protokolu RADIUS, bližšie sa venuje serveru FreeRADIUS. Cieľom je implementovať nástroj na správu servera FreeRADIUS., This diploma thesis deals with authentication using RADIUS protocol and authentication methods in accordance with standard IEEE 802.1X. At the beginning there are shortly characteristics of chosen authentication methods, such as CHAP, PAP and some EAP types. Document includes summary of RADIUS protocols implementations, especially the FreeRADIUS server. Our goal is to implement a management tool to adminitrate FreeRADIUS server.

Tento semestrální projekt se zabývá analýzou zabezpečení bezdrátových WiFi sítí založených na standardu 802.1X a metodou auditu těchto sítí. V práci jsou popsány jednotlivé verze metod autentizačního protokolu EAP používané v bezdrátových sítích, rizika vyplývající z jejich nasazení a doporučení pro zmírnění těchto rizik. Součástí práce je také návrh a implementace aplikace určené pro audit 802.1X bezdrátových sítí se zaměřením na zpracování protokolu EAP., This term project analyzes the security of 802.1X based wireless networks and presents the methodology for auditing these networks. The thesis describes various methods of the EAP authentication protocol used in wireless networks, security risks arising from their usage and recommendations for mitigating these risks. The paper also includes implementation of applications for 802.1X based wireless network audit focusing on the EAP protocol processing.

Tato diplomová práce pojednává o bezdrátových sítích, převážně pak o WiFi. Zabývá se přehledem jednotlivých zabezpečovacích mechanismů ať už teoreticky, tak i jejich nasazením v reálném hardwaru. Zajímá se především o bezpečnost jednotlivých mechanismů, a tedy také o jejich slabiny, které vedou k prolomení zabezpečení. V jednotlivých kapitolách jsou rovněž nastíněny myšlenky a postupy, kterými se útočníci snaží proniknout do bezdrátových sítí a prolomit tak šifrování WEP, WPA nebo WPA2. Zároveň je zde přiblížen princip autentizace bezdrátových sítí pomocí autentizačního serveru a jeho možnosti nastavení, který je propojen s adresářovou službou LDAP. V předposlední kapitole je souhrn bezpečnostních mechanismů a doporučení, který by se měl dodržovat při návrhu bezdrátové sítě pro zajištění nejvyšší bezpečnosti. Závěr je věnován sociálnímu inženýrství s jeho nejznámějšími představiteli., This master's thesis deals with wireless networks, mainly about the WiFi. It deals with summary of individual security mechanism both theoretically and using them in real hardware. Mainly it is interested in the security of the individual mechanisms and their weaknesses, which cause rupture of security. At each chapter the ideas and methods, that the attackers are trying for infiltration of wireless networks and decrypt encryption WEP, WPA or WPA2, are outlined. The principle of the authentication of the WiFi by the authentication server and its options, which is connected with directory service LDAP, is also explained in this thesis. The penultimate chapter deals with the summary of security mechanisms and references that should be adhered by design of the WiFi for the provision of the high security. The ending of the master's thesis is devoted to social engineering and its most famous representatives.

Cieľom tejto práce je preštudovať a otestovať sieťové riešenie IBNS, ktoré dovoľuje navrhnúť flexibilnú bezpečnostnú politiku založenú na identite a právach užívateľov, nezávislú na fyzických zariadeniach a spojeniach, ktoré títo užívatelia používajú., Main goal of this thesis is to study and test network access based on IBNS technology giving possibility to design flexible security policy based on user's identity and rights that is transparent to physical network components.

Bakalárska práca je hlavne zameraná na problematiku zabezpečenia v bezdrôtových sieťach založených na štandarde 802.11. Zahŕňa popis využívaných šifrovacích procesov a možností autentifikácie v sieťach 802.11. Taktiež vysvetľuje funkčnosť protokolov EAP a RADIUS, ktoré sú hlavnou súčasťou zabezpečenia WPA/WPA2-Enterprise. Na záver práce sú simulované základné typy útokov na štandard 802.11 a následne je navrhnuté a realizované zabezpečenie, ktoré predchádza podobným útokom. Zabezpečenie je realizované na základe overovania pristupujúcich klientov za pomoci RADIUS servera., The main focus of this bachelor's thesis is on issues with security in wireless networks, based on standard 802.11. It includes description of most used encryption process and authentication methods in 802.11 networks. Also it explains functionality of EAP and RADIUS protocols, which are the main part of WPA/WPA2-Enterprise security mode. At the end of the thesis there is simulation of basic attacks on standard 802.11 and consequently desing and implementation of security, which prevents similar attacks. Implementation of security is based on authentication of clients through RADIUS server.

Tento semestrální projekt se zabývá analýzou zabezpečení bezdrátových WiFi sítí založených na standardu 802.1X a metodou auditu těchto sítí. V práci jsou popsány jednotlivé verze metod autentizačního protokolu EAP používané v bezdrátových sítích, rizika vyplývající z jejich nasazení a doporučení pro zmírnění těchto rizik. Součástí práce je také návrh a implementace aplikace určené pro audit 802.1X bezdrátových sítí se zaměřením na zpracování protokolu EAP., This term project analyzes the security of 802.1X based wireless networks and presents the methodology for auditing these networks. The thesis describes various methods of the EAP authentication protocol used in wireless networks, security risks arising from their usage and recommendations for mitigating these risks. The paper also includes implementation of applications for 802.1X based wireless network audit focusing on the EAP protocol processing.

Diplomová práca sa zaoberá autentizáciou pomocou protokolu RADIUS a autentizačnými metódami podľa štandardu IEEE 802.1X. Na začiatku sa nachádza stručná charakteristika vybraných autentizačných metód, najmä PAP, CHAP a niektorých EAP typov. Obsahuje tiež prehľad implementácií protokolu RADIUS, bližšie sa venuje serveru FreeRADIUS. Cieľom je implementovať nástroj na správu servera FreeRADIUS., This diploma thesis deals with authentication using RADIUS protocol and authentication methods in accordance with standard IEEE 802.1X. At the beginning there are shortly characteristics of chosen authentication methods, such as CHAP, PAP and some EAP types. Document includes summary of RADIUS protocols implementations, especially the FreeRADIUS server. Our goal is to implement a management tool to adminitrate FreeRADIUS server.

Tento dokument popisuje prehľad bežne dostupných a používaných štandardov a mechanizmov pre zabezpečenie bezdrôtovej siete založenej na protokole Wi-Fi. Pokrýva všetky dôležité oblasti bezpečnosti zahrňujúc utajenie, integritu aj autentifikáciu. Prítomný je detailný rozbor a popis funkcie jednotlivých mechanizmov. Nasleduje popis možných útokov proti jednotlivým druhom zabezpečenia. V ďalších častiach dokumentu je zmeraný vplyv šifrovania na prenosovú rýchlosť. Ďalej sú to útoky na jednotlivé zabezpečovaci mechanizmy a napokon popis nasadenia centrálnej autentizácie., This document provides overview of commonly used standards and mechanisms for securing the wireless network based on Wi-Fi protocol. It is covering all important security areas including confidentiality, integrity and authentication. We can find here also detailed analysis and description of functionality of listed mechanisms. Description of possible attacks against listed security mechanisms. There is a measurement of influence of encryption to transfer speed in the another section. It's followed by attacks against particular security mechanisms. And finally, description of deployment of central authentication system.

Bakalárska práca je hlavne zameraná na problematiku zabezpečenia v bezdrôtových sieťach založených na štandarde 802.11. Zahŕňa popis využívaných šifrovacích procesov a možností autentifikácie v sieťach 802.11. Taktiež vysvetľuje funkčnosť protokolov EAP a RADIUS, ktoré sú hlavnou súčasťou zabezpečenia WPA/WPA2-Enterprise. Na záver práce sú simulované základné typy útokov na štandard 802.11 a následne je navrhnuté a realizované zabezpečenie, ktoré predchádza podobným útokom. Zabezpečenie je realizované na základe overovania pristupujúcich klientov za pomoci RADIUS servera., The main focus of this bachelor's thesis is on issues with security in wireless networks, based on standard 802.11. It includes description of most used encryption process and authentication methods in 802.11 networks. Also it explains functionality of EAP and RADIUS protocols, which are the main part of WPA/WPA2-Enterprise security mode. At the end of the thesis there is simulation of basic attacks on standard 802.11 and consequently desing and implementation of security, which prevents similar attacks. Implementation of security is based on authentication of clients through RADIUS server.

Tato diplomová práce pojednává o bezdrátových sítích, převážně pak o WiFi. Zabývá se přehledem jednotlivých zabezpečovacích mechanismů ať už teoreticky, tak i jejich nasazením v reálném hardwaru. Zajímá se především o bezpečnost jednotlivých mechanismů, a tedy také o jejich slabiny, které vedou k prolomení zabezpečení. V jednotlivých kapitolách jsou rovněž nastíněny myšlenky a postupy, kterými se útočníci snaží proniknout do bezdrátových sítí a prolomit tak šifrování WEP, WPA nebo WPA2. Zároveň je zde přiblížen princip autentizace bezdrátových sítí pomocí autentizačního serveru a jeho možnosti nastavení, který je propojen s adresářovou službou LDAP. V předposlední kapitole je souhrn bezpečnostních mechanismů a doporučení, který by se měl dodržovat při návrhu bezdrátové sítě pro zajištění nejvyšší bezpečnosti. Závěr je věnován sociálnímu inženýrství s jeho nejznámějšími představiteli., This master's thesis deals with wireless networks, mainly about the WiFi. It deals with summary of individual security mechanism both theoretically and using them in real hardware. Mainly it is interested in the security of the individual mechanisms and their weaknesses, which cause rupture of security. At each chapter the ideas and methods, that the attackers are trying for infiltration of wireless networks and decrypt encryption WEP, WPA or WPA2, are outlined. The principle of the authentication of the WiFi by the authentication server and its options, which is connected with directory service LDAP, is also explained in this thesis. The penultimate chapter deals with the summary of security mechanisms and references that should be adhered by design of the WiFi for the provision of the high security. The ending of the master's thesis is devoted to social engineering and its most famous representatives.

Globalisation is an inescapable aspect of the modern world. The number of large transnational corporations with a global presence has increased dramatically over the last two decades, particularly in developing nations (Roach, 2007). Such organisations spread their operations across regions in order to increase market share and profitability. Education is not excluded from this phenomenon. Traditionally internationalisation of Higher Education (HE) has involved student mobility. Students would travel from what Kachru (1985) refers to as Expanding Circle countries (such as China) to Inner Circle countries (such as the UK) in order to study in English. This remains an important trend; currently Chinese students constitute almost as many of the postgraduate students in the UK as native students, despite increased visa restrictions (The Guardian, 2014). Nevertheless this is not now the only option open to students who want a Western-style university education, or certification from an internationally-recognised institution. It is now possible to receive an education in English in various countries worldwide. China is one of those locations. Institutions from across the educational spectrum are extending their reach into China; primary and secondary schooleducation is available at branches of institutions such as Dulwich College (see Ball, 2012), while HE courses which follow a UK curriculum are available through various partnerships between UK and Chinese institutions. While these HE courses are mostly populated by Chinese students, the institutions are also keen to attract students from around the world as a way of demonstrating their internationalisation credentials (see http://www.xjtlu.edu.cn and http://www.nottingham.edu.cn). There is clear potential for growth in this area as numbers of international students worldwide have increased by 50% since 2000 and are expected to reach 7-8 million students by 2025 (Ball, 2012; Jackson, 2012). The growth of these universiti

Over the past two decades, English for Academic Purposes (EAP) has experienced an important growth becoming a central element of L2 students’ higher education. These students seem to find in citation, a vital area of EAP, great challenges to overcome, being paraphrasing the most demanding strategy. The present dissertation aims to delve into L2 paraphrasing practices by reviewing relevant research on this issue. These show the struggles that L2 students undergo before paraphrasing successfully, most of them dealing with linguistic and academic literacy. With the lack of understanding of the purpose of paraphrasing being the most relevant of these problems, students also have to face the fear of being accused of plagiarism and confidence issues that prevent them from using their own words. Besides, this dissertation will deal with the role of teachers throughout the learning process of this citation strategy. In order to examine the aforesaid issues, I will carry out a brief case study about L2 students’ reporting verbs use to introduce paraphrases, which, in some cases, creates a conflict with the reported author’s original idea.

This thesis is concerned with the interaction between assessment and agency. The context in which the research took place is an English for Academic Purposes (EAP) department of a UK university, specifically its summer pre-sessional courses which prepare and assess postgraduate international students’ academic language for their degree programmes. The specific focus of this thesis is the negative impacts of academic writing assessment practices within this context on students’ ability to a) exercise agency in learning and assessment situations b) conceptualise themselves as developing writers. The research was underpinned by a critical realist perspective, which allowed educational assessment to be seen as a layer of societal structure with the potential to enable and constrain individual and social agency. An action research methodology in iterative cycles over three consecutive years was employed to investigate and intervene. As a response to the negative impacts identified in a reconnaissance cycle in 2013, I designed and implemented a processfolio assessment for academic writing to facilitate student agency around assessment. The first intervention took place in 2014 with my own class of 14 students; the second in 2015 widened the participation to three classes (46 students) and three teachers including myself. Due to the necessity for flexibility in methods of data collection in this context, a range of methods and analysis was employed in each cycle. Data sets generated through both intervention cycles were the processfolios themselves and interviews with students and teachers. Benefits deriving from the processfolio were that students both demonstrated and reported high levels of self-efficacy and awareness of writing as a both a social practice and an individual metacognitive process. In keeping with the aims of action research underpinned by a critical realist approach to agency, the students showed a growing critical consciousness of the potential of EAP a

This thesis examines key developments and changes which have taken place within the field of English for Academic Purposes (EAP) from the 1960s until the present day. It critically evaluates the effects that these developments have had on EAP as an academic discipline; on the positioning and status of EAP within the academy; and on the work carried out by EAP practitioners, particularly with regard to conceptualizations of professionalism, and understandings of what constitutes practitioner expertise. Drawing on qualitative data generated from in-depth semi-structured interviews with 15 internationally-recognised scholars from EAP, the study presents a particular history of the different stages and developments which have occurred in EAP, and maps how these have impacted not only upon EAP as a discipline, but also upon the work of its practitioners. Grounded in a series of narratives provided by individuals recognized for their key contributions to the field, the analysis utilizes ideas from socio-cultural theories developed by Becher (1989), Bernstein (1971) and Bourdieu (1977) to account for EAP’s current status and positioning in the academy. It then draws on theoretical concepts developed by Shulman (1986), Schön (1983), and Lave and Wenger (1991) to suggest ways in which EAP teachers build their knowledge and go about developing their particular professional expertise. The thesis proposes that EAP has now reached an important crossroads in its development. It argues that factors such as a poor appreciation for and understanding of EAP from within the academy at large; a lack of clarity and consistency around professional standards and teacher development within EAP itself; the current marketization of UK higher education and the resulting influx of private educational providers seriously threaten the longer-term security and future development of EAP within UK university contexts.

Globalisation is an inescapable aspect of the modern world. The number of large transnational corporations with a global presence has increased dramatically over the last two decades, particularly in developing nations (Roach, 2007). Such organisations spread their operations across regions in order to increase market share and profitability. Education is not excluded from this phenomenon. Traditionally internationalisation of Higher Education (HE) has involved student mobility. Students would travel from what Kachru (1985) refers to as Expanding Circle countries (such as China) to Inner Circle countries (such as the UK) in order to study in English. This remains an important trend; currently Chinese students constitute almost as many of the postgraduate students in the UK as native students, despite increased visa restrictions (The Guardian, 2014). Nevertheless this is not now the only option open to students who want a Western-style university education, or certification from an internationally-recognised institution. It is now possible to receive an education in English in various countries worldwide. China is one of those locations. Institutions from across the educational spectrum are extending their reach into China; primary and secondary schooleducation is available at branches of institutions such as Dulwich College (see Ball, 2012), while HE courses which follow a UK curriculum are available through various partnerships between UK and Chinese institutions. While these HE courses are mostly populated by Chinese students, the institutions are also keen to attract students from around the world as a way of demonstrating their internationalisation credentials (see http://www.xjtlu.edu.cn and http://www.nottingham.edu.cn). There is clear potential for growth in this area as numbers of international students worldwide have increased by 50% since 2000 and are expected to reach 7-8 million students by 2025 (Ball, 2012; Jackson, 2012). The growth of these universiti