Search

Summary Porcine enterovirus 3 replicated in explants of fœtal pig intestine, as was shown using photosensitization with neutral red to distinguish between inoculum and progeny virus. Progeny virus titres reached 10 5 –10 6 /ml with 2–4 days' incubation.

O presente trabalho é resultado de uma série de experimentos desenvolvidos na Seção de Fruticultura de Clima Temperado do IAC, no sentido de adaptar e aperfeiçoar a técnica da micropropagação da macieira. Foram pesquisadas, para os cultivares Rainha e Gala e para as seleções IAC 1381-22, IAC 3881-8 e IAC 4881-11, as principais exigências hormonais, nas várias fases do crescimento e da proliferação dos meristemas, para a indução de raiz, efetivo enraizamento e desenvolvimento apical. Na primeira fase, os meristemas cresceram em meio de cultura constituído da solução salina de Murashige & Skoog com adição de tiamina 1,0 mg/litro, ácido nicotínico, 0,25 mg/litro, inositol 100 mg/litro, ágar 6,5 g/litro, sacarose 30 g/litro é 6-benzilaminopurina (BAP) a 0, 2,5, 5,0, 7,5 e 15,0 µM. Na segunda fase, os propágulos foram repicados e colocados em um meio indutor de raiz, com a mesma constituição básica inicial, por cinco dias em ambiente escuro, substituindo-se, porém, a citocinina pela auxina ácido indolbutírico (AIB) a 0, 1,0, 2,0, 4,0 e 8,0 µM. Na terceira e última fase, os propágulos foram transferidos em meio para o crescimento das raízes, mantendo-se ainda a mesma constituição básica, reduzindo-se, porém, a sacarose a 10 g/litro e excluindo-se totalmente os fitormônios. Os dados mostraram claramente, para os materiais utilizados, que os melhores índices de crescimento, proliferação e de enraizamento dos explantes, foram obtidos na faixa de 7,5 µM de BAP e 2,0 µM de AIS respectivamente. Os propágulos enraizados, após retirados das condições in vitro, foram plantados em vermiculita expandida, e aclimatizados em miniestufa por quinze dias, sendo finalmente transplantados para vasos com terra e mantidos em casa de vegetação.Experiments on apple micropropagation were carried out in the laboratories of the Instituto Agronômico, Campinas, Brazil. The main hormonal requirements of shoots in the different development phases - growing, proliferation, root induction and effective root and shoot development - were studied in five apple cultivars: Rainha, Gala and the selections IAC 1381-22, IAC 3881-8 and IAC 4881-11. The best technique for apple micropropagation in our conditions was found to consist of: a) growth of meristems in Murashige and Skoog saline solution culture medium supplemented with 1.0mg/liter thiamin HCl, 0.25mg/liter nicotinic acid, 100mg/liter myo-inositol, 6.5g/liter agar, 30g/liter sucrose and 7.5µM BAP (6-benzylaminopurine); b) transfer to dark room for 5 days in a root induction medium containing the same mineral and organic constituents of the first solution, only changing BAP for 2.0µM IBA (indole-3-butiric acid); and c) transfer to a root growth medium basically equal to the other except that no phytohormones was added. The rooted plantlets were potted in vermiculite, watered with a dilute mineral solution and kept in a growth chamber under high moisture for 15 days; finally they were potted in a soil mixture and transferred to a greenhouse.

Objectives Measuring the amount of progestin remaining in contraceptive implants used for different lengths of time provides useful information on in vivo release kinetics including change over time. We compared estimated in vivo levonorgestrel (LNG) release rates derived from Sino-implant (II) explants with similar data from removed Jadelle. Study design We measured LNG remaining in 44 sets of Sino-implant (II) used for up to 7 years and removed in four Chinese clinics. Results were compared with published data for Jadelle explants used for up to 36 months. We estimated and compared monthly and daily LNG release rates for the two products using prediction models for drug release. We also estimated the dissolution profile similarity factor, f 2 , for LNG release. Results Both Sino-implant (II) and Jadelle release approximately 30% of total LNG load after 3 years. Results of fitting the data to a biologically plausible modified Higuchi prediction model indicate comparable release through 3 years. An estimated similarity factor of 80.6 (90% confidence interval: 70.8–85.7) indicates similarity in the dissolution profiles of the two implants. Conclusions LNG release in vivo measured through explant analysis suggest that Sino-implant (II) and Jadelle may perform similarly through 3 years of use and could remain highly effective beyond this time point. These results align with published data for Jadelle and Sino-implant (II) showing high effectiveness for 5 years. Ongoing clinical studies comparing the products over 5 years present an opportunity to verify this supportive measure of clinical effectiveness. Implications This innovative approach provides evidence that Sino-implant (II) may perform clinically similarly to Jadelle over 3 years and remain a highly effective contraceptive beyond this time point. Data from explant analyses show promise for investigating the equivalence of elusion profiles of contraceptive implants.

Calpains are a family of calcium-dependent intracellular cysteine proteases that regulate several physiological processes by limited cleavage of different substrates. The role of Calpain2 in embryogenesis is not clear with conflicting evidence from a number of mouse knockouts. Here we report the temporal and spatial expression of Calpain2 in Xenopus laevis embryos and address its role in Xenopus development. We show that Calpain2 is expressed maternally with elevated expression in neural tissues and that Calpain2 activity is spatially and temporally regulated. Using a Calpain inhibitor, a dominant negative and a morpholino oligonoucleotide we demonstrate that impaired Calpain2 activity results in defective convergent extension both in mesodermal and neural tissues. Specifically, Calpain2 downregulation results in loss of tissue polarity and blockage of mediolateral intercalation in Keller explants without affecting adherens junction turnover. We further show that Calpain2 is activated in response to Wnt5a and that the inhibitory effect of Wnt5a expression on animal cap elongation can be rescued by blocking Calpain2 function. This suggests that Calpain2 activity needs to be tightly regulated during convergent extension. Finally we show that expression of Xdd1 blocks the membrane translocation of Calpain2 suggesting that Calpain2 activation is downstream of Dishevelled. Overall our data show that Calpain2 activation through the Wnt/Ca2+ pathway and Dishevelled can modulate convergent extension movements. © 2013 The Authors. 384 83 100 Cited By :1

O presente trabalho é resultado de uma série de experimentos desenvolvidos na Seção de Fruticultura de Clima Temperado do IAC, no sentido de adaptar e aperfeiçoar a técnica da micropropagação da macieira. Foram pesquisadas, para os cultivares Rainha e Gala e para as seleções IAC 1381-22, IAC 3881-8 e IAC 4881-11, as principais exigências hormonais, nas várias fases do crescimento e da proliferação dos meristemas, para a indução de raiz, efetivo enraizamento e desenvolvimento apical. Na primeira fase, os meristemas cresceram em meio de cultura constituído da solução salina de Murashige & Skoog com adição de tiamina 1,0 mg/litro, ácido nicotínico, 0,25 mg/litro, inositol 100 mg/litro, ágar 6,5 g/litro, sacarose 30 g/litro é 6-benzilaminopurina (BAP) a 0, 2,5, 5,0, 7,5 e 15,0 µM. Na segunda fase, os propágulos foram repicados e colocados em um meio indutor de raiz, com a mesma constituição básica inicial, por cinco dias em ambiente escuro, substituindo-se, porém, a citocinina pela auxina ácido indolbutírico (AIB) a 0, 1,0, 2,0, 4,0 e 8,0 µM. Na terceira e última fase, os propágulos foram transferidos em meio para o crescimento das raízes, mantendo-se ainda a mesma constituição básica, reduzindo-se, porém, a sacarose a 10 g/litro e excluindo-se totalmente os fitormônios. Os dados mostraram claramente, para os materiais utilizados, que os melhores índices de crescimento, proliferação e de enraizamento dos explantes, foram obtidos na faixa de 7,5 µM de BAP e 2,0 µM de AIS respectivamente. Os propágulos enraizados, após retirados das condições in vitro, foram plantados em vermiculita expandida, e aclimatizados em miniestufa por quinze dias, sendo finalmente transplantados para vasos com terra e mantidos em casa de vegetação. Experiments on apple micropropagation were carried out in the laboratories of the Instituto Agronômico, Campinas, Brazil. The main hormonal requirements of shoots in the different development phases - growing, proliferation, root induction and effective root and shoot development - were studied in five apple cultivars: Rainha, Gala and the selections IAC 1381-22, IAC 3881-8 and IAC 4881-11. The best technique for apple micropropagation in our conditions was found to consist of: a) growth of meristems in Murashige and Skoog saline solution culture medium supplemented with 1.0mg/liter thiamin HCl, 0.25mg/liter nicotinic acid, 100mg/liter myo-inositol, 6.5g/liter agar, 30g/liter sucrose and 7.5µM BAP (6-benzylaminopurine); b) transfer to dark room for 5 days in a root induction medium containing the same mineral and organic constituents of the first solution, only changing BAP for 2.0µM IBA (indole-3-butiric acid); and c) transfer to a root growth medium basically equal to the other except that no phytohormones was added. The rooted plantlets were potted in vermiculite, watered with a dilute mineral solution and kept in a growth chamber under high moisture for 15 days; finally they were potted in a soil mixture and transferred to a greenhouse.

Les contaminants bactériens des cultures in vitro

In vitro mass propagation of trees of highest quality and rapid growth probably will become one of the main tools to improve forest productivity in the next 20 years (9). Today’s forests are largely plant associations which are only partially accessible to genetic control and agricultural practices. Among species with a great potential for productivity, the gymnosperms are well represented. So far about 20 of them have been studied for their in vitro performance and their capacity to give viable and true-to-type plantlets (14).

Possibilités actuelles et objectifs des technologies de culture de tissus. Programme IRFA/CIRAD et premiers résultats obtenus. Définition de l'optimum de taille de l'explant primaire. Recherche du taux de prolifération optimal provoquant le moins de variants. Le comportement des génomes est différent pour balbisiana; les oxydations phénoliques sont intenses, la première pousse est dominante pour les autres. Certains processus inhabituels sont étudiés : réversion de l'inflorescence, néoformations sur des pièces florales, néotiges sur des méristèmes. La régénération après callogenèse ne produit pas de plante jusqu'à présent. Des embryons zygotiques cultivés donnent par contre de multiples pousses. Des protoplastes peuvent être obtenus à partir de cals inflorescentiels et non à partir de tissus foliaires. Les travaux ne sont pas aisés, mais des progrès ont été obtenus

Lentil is highly recalcitrant and is difficult to regenerate through tissue culture. The study is aimed to overcome this problem by developing an efficient regeneration system using immature plumular apice explants from immature zygotic embryos of Turkish lentil cv. Ciftci. The results showed that 10 mg/l BA pulse treatment of explants for 10 days followed by culture on MS medium containing various concentrations of BA-IBA supplemented with activated charcoal and PVP affected shoot regeneration frequency, mean number of shoots per explant and shoot length. Irrespective of the pulse treatment, combination of BA with IBA in MS medium promoted longer shoots compared to any concentration of BA alone. Maximum number of shoots (4.25) per explant was recorded on MS medium containing 0.25 mg/l BA + 0.1 mg/l IBA after pulse treatment. The longest shoots (6.17 cm) were recorded in pulse treated explants when cultured on MS medium containing 0.25 mg/l BA + 0.1 mg/l IBA. The regenerated shoots were rooted on MS medium containing 0.25 to 1 mg/l IBA or 1 mg/l IAA. The rooted plants were acclimatized at 24±2oC in the growth room where, they flowered and set seeds.

WOS:000427575700010 Aquatic plants are the primary and secondary producers of the ecosystem and also important part of aquatic industry. Shinnersia rivularis is an important ornamental plant of aquarium industry due to presnece of white veins on the leaves. S. rivularis is mainly vegetatively propagated. This study is the first report of propagating S. rivularis under in vitro conditions. Five different explants divided into two groups of nodal segments (shoot tip, 1st and 2nd nodal segment) and internodes (1st and 2nd internode) were cultured on agar solidified MS medium without any plant growth regulators (PGR) or enriched with 0.05-0.80 mg/l BA+0.20 mg/l NAA for eight weeks. 50-75 % shoot regeneration frequency was recorded irrespective of explant type or plant growth regulators (PGR). Shoots per explants ranged for shoot tip (4.33-12.71), 1st nodal segment (6.24-15.61), 2nd nodal segment (4.99-12.50), 1st internode (4.67-11.37) and 2nd internode (5.03-11.93). In general, maximum and minimum number of shoots per explants with average shoot length above 1 cm were recorded on MS medium containing 0.20 mg/l BA+ 0.20 mg/l NAA irrespective of explant type. In vitro regenerated shoots were rooted on agar solidified MS medium enriched with 1.0 mg/l IBA followed by successful adaptation in the aquarium provided with tap water (pH approximate to 8.5) and oxygen. 80 % of plants transferred to aquarium survived and continued their growth. This work can be employed for commercial propagation of S. rivularis and for further biotechnological studies

Jasmine (Jasminum sambac L.) is a flowering plant that grows in shrub form. Jasmine flowers have been extensively used as ornamental and for the production of fragrances, flowers, tea and essential oils. The amount of essential oil that can be collected from jasmine petals is very small relative to the material required, but is valued as the raw material for natural perfume and aromatherapy treatments. This study attempted to improve propagation from explant to manipulate essential jasmine oil production. Modified Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium, produced from carbohydrate precursor compounds (MS + 20 % fructose, MS + 20 % glucose and MS + 20 % sucrose), was used to produce explants from young leaves and calluses. Essential oil (benzyl acetate and jasmine) content was highest in jasmine explant calluses grown on MS + 20 % sucrose. The content of benzyl acetate reached 1.27 % and jasmone content reached 1.15 % in 12 weeks old calluses.