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808 results on '"Jasko, A."'

801. To the Fringe and Back: Violent Extremism and the Psychology of Deviance.

Author

Kruglanski, Arie W., Chemikova, Marina, Dugas, Michelle, Jasko, Katarzyna, and Webber, David

Subjects
*TERRORISM & psychology, *CRIMINAL psychology, *DISASTERS, *MASS casualties, *MOTIVATION (Psychology), *SOCIAL problems, *VIOLENCE
Abstract

We outline a general psychological theory of extremism and apply it to the special case of violent extremism (VE). Extremism is defined as motivated deviance from general behavioral norms and is assumed to stem from a shift from a balanced satisfaction of basic human needs afforded by moderation to a motivational imbalance wherein a given need dominates the others. Because motivational imbalance is difficult to sustain, only few individuals do, rendering extreme behavior relatively rare, hence deviant. Thus, individual dynamics translate into social patterns wherein majorities of individuals practice moderation, whereas extremism is the province of the few. Both extremism and moderation require the ability to successfully carry out the activities that these demand. Ability is partially determined by the activities' difficulty, controllable in part by external agents who promote or oppose extremism. Application of this general framework to VE identifies the specific need that animates it and offers broad guidelines for addressing this pernicious phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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803. National identity predicts public health support during a global pandemic

Author

Gümren, Mert, Van Bavel, Jay J., Cichocka, Aleksandra, Capraro, Valerio, Sjastad, Hallgeir, Nezlek, John B., Pavlovic, Tomislav, Alfano, Mark, Gelfand, Michele J., Azevedo, Flavio, Birtel, Michele D., Cislak, Aleksandra, Lockwood, Patricia L., Ross, Robert Malcolm, Abts, Koen, Agadullina, Elena, Aruta, John Jamir Benzon, Besharati, Sahba Nomvula, Bor, Alexander, Choma, Becky L., Crabtree, Charles David, Cunningham, William A., De, Koustav, Ejaz, Waqas, Elbaek, Christian T., Findor, Andrej, Flichtentrei, Daniel, Franc, Renata, Gjoneska, Biljana, Gruber, June, Gualda, Estrella, Horiuchi, Yusaku, Huynh, Toan Luu Duc, Ibanez, Augustin, Imran, Mostak Ahamed, Israelashvili, Jacob, Jasko, Katarzyna, Kantorowicz, Jaroslaw, Kantorowicz-Reznichenko, Elena, Krouwel, Andre, Laakasuo, Michael, Lamm, Claus, Leygue, Caroline, Lin, Ming-Jen, Mansoor, Mohammad Sabbir, Marie, Antoine, Mayiwar, Lewend, Mazepus, Honorata, McHugh, Cillian, Minda, John Paul, Mitkidis, Panagiotis, Olsson, Andreas, Otterbring, Tobias, Packer, Dominic J., Perry, Anat, Petersen, Michael Bang, Puthillam, Arathy, Riano-Moreno, Julian C., Rothmund, Tobias, Santamaria-Garcia, Hernando, Schmid, Petra C., Stoyanov, Drozdstoy, Tewari, Shruti, Todosijevic, Bojan, Tsakiris, Manos, Tung, Hans H., Umbres, Radu G., Vanags, Edmunds, Vlasceanu, Madalina, Vonasch, Andrew, Yucel, Meltem, Zhang, Yucheng, Abad, Mohcine, Adler, Eli, Akrawi, Narin, Mdarhri, Hamza Alaoui, Amara, Hanane, Amodio, David M., Antazo, Benedict G., Apps, Matthew, Ay, F. Ceren, Ba, Mouhamadou Hady, Barbosa, Sergio, Bastian, Brock, Berg, Anton, Bernal-Zarate, Maria P., Bernstein, Michael, Bia?ek, Micha?, Bilancini, Ennio, Bogatyreva, Natalia, Boncinelli, Leonardo, Booth, Jonathan E., Borau, Sylvie, Buchel, Ondrej, Cameron, C. Daryl, Carvalho, Chrissie F., Celadin, Tatiana, Cerami, Chiara, Chalise, Hom Nath, Cheng, Xiaojun, Cian, Luca, Cockcroft, Kate, Conway, Jane, Cordoba-Delgado, Mateo Andres, Crespi, Chiara, Crouzevialle, Marie, Cutler, Jo, Cypryanska, Marzena, Dabrowska, Justyna, Daniels, Michael A., Davis, Victoria H., Dayley, Pamala N., Delouvee, Sylvain, Denkovski, Ognjan, Dezecache, Guillaume, Dhaliwal, Nathan A., Diato, Alelie B., Di Paolo, Roberto, Drosinou, Marianna, Dulleck, Uwe, Ekmanis, Janis, Ertan, Arhan S., Etienne, Tom W., Farhana, Hapsa Hossain, Farkhari, Fahima, Farmer, Harry, Fenwick, Ali, Fidanovski, Kristijan, Flew, Terry, Fraser, Shona, Frempong, Raymond Boadi, Fugelsang, Jonathan A., Gale, Jessica, Garcia-Navarro, E. Begona, Garladinne, Prasad, Ghajjou, Oussama, Gkinopoulos, Theofilos, Gray, Kurt, Griffin, Siobhan M., Gronfeldt, Bjarki, Gurung, Ranju Lama, Halperin, Eran, Harris, Elizabeth, Herzon, Volo, Hruska, Matej, Huang, Guanxiong, Hudecek, Matthias F. C., Isler, Ozan, Jangard, Simon, Jorgensen, Frederik J., Kachanoff, Frank, Kahn, John, Dangol, Apsara Katuwal, Keudel, Oleksandra, Koppel, Lina, Koverola, Mika, Kubin, Emily, Kunnari, Anton, Kutiyski, Yordan, Laguna, Oscar, Leota, Josh, Lermer, Eva, Levy, Jonathan, Levy, Neil, Li, Chunyun, Long, Elizabeth U., Longoni, Chiara, Maglic, Marina, McCashin, Darragh, Metcalf, Alexander L., Miklousic, Igor, El Mimouni, Soulaimane, Miura, Asako, Molina-Paredes, Juliana, Monroy-Fonseca, Cesar, Morales-Marente, Elena, Moreau, David, Muda, Rafa?, Myer, Annalisa, Nash, Kyle, Nesh-Nash, Tarik, Nitschke, Jonas P., Nurse, Matthew S., Ohtsubo, Yohsuke, Oldemburgo de Mello, Victoria, O’Madagain, Cathal, Onderco, Michal, Palacios-Galvez, M. Soledad, Palomaki, Jussi, Pan, Yafeng, Papp, Zsofia, Parnamets, Philip, Paruzel-Czachura, Mariola, Pavlovic, Zoran, Payan-Gomez, Cesar, Perander, Silva, Pitman, Michael Mark, Prasad, Rajib, Pyrkosz-Pacyna, Joanna, Rathje, Steve, Raza, Ali, Re?go, Gabriel G., Rhee, Kasey, Robertson, Claire E., Rodriguez-Pascual, Ivan, Saikkonen, Teemu, Salvador-Ginez, Octavio, Sampaio, Waldir M., Santi, Gaia C., Santiago-Tovar, Natalia, Savage, David, Scheffer, Julian A., Scho?negger, Philipp, Schultner, David T., Schutte, Enid M., Scott, Andy, Sharma, Madhavi, Sharma, Pujan, Skali, Ahmed, Stadelmann, David, Stafford, Clara Alexandra, Stanojevic, Dragan, Stefaniak, Anna, Sternisko, Anni, Stoica, Augustin, Stoyanova, Kristina K., Strickland, Brent, Sundvall, Jukka, Thomas, Jeffrey P., Tingho?g, Gustav, Torgler, Benno, Traast, Iris J., Tucciarelli, Raffaele, Tyrala, Michael, Ungson, Nick D., Uysal, Mete S., Van Lange, Paul A. M., van Prooijen, Jan-Willem, van Rooy, Dirk, Vastfjall, Daniel, Verkoeijen, Peter, Vieira, Joana B., von Sikorski, Christian, Walker, Alexander Cameron, Watermeyer, Jennifer, Wetter, Erik, Whillans, Ashley, Willardt, Robin, Wohl, Michael J. A., Wojcik, Adrian Dominik, Wu, Kaidi, Yamada, Yuki, Yilmaz, Onurcan, Yogeeswaran, Kumar, Ziemer, Carolin-Theresa, Zwaan, Rolf A., Boggio, Paulo S., College of Administrative Sciences and Economics, and Department of Economics

Subjects
COVID-19, Disease transmission, Global perspective, Health policy, Health survey, Public health, Science and technology
Abstract

Understanding collective behaviour is an important aspect of managing the pandemic response. Here the authors show in a large global study that participants that reported identifying more strongly with their nation reported greater engagement in public health behaviours and support for public health policies in the context of the pandemic.Changing collective behaviour and supporting non-pharmaceutical interventions is an important component in mitigating virus transmission during a pandemic. In a large international collaboration (Study 1, N = 49,968 across 67 countries), we investigated self-reported factors associated with public health behaviours (e.g., spatial distancing and stricter hygiene) and endorsed public policy interventions (e.g., closing bars and restaurants) during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic (April-May 2020). Respondents who reported identifying more strongly with their nation consistently reported greater engagement in public health behaviours and support for public health policies. Results were similar for representative and non-representative national samples. Study 2 (N = 42 countries) conceptually replicated the central finding using aggregate indices of national identity (obtained using the World Values Survey) and a measure of actual behaviour change during the pandemic (obtained from Google mobility reports). Higher levels of national identification prior to the pandemic predicted lower mobility during the early stage of the pandemic (r = -0.40). We discuss the potential implications of links between national identity, leadership, and public health for managing COVID-19 and future pandemics., John Templeton Foundation (JTF); Narodowe Centrum Nauki (National Science Centre); UK Research & Innovation (UKRI); Medical Research Council UK (MRC); Economic Social Research Council Impact Acceleration Award; Economic Social Research Council Impact Acceleration Award; University of Oxford; Gouvernement du Canada Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (Conseil de recherches en sciences humaines du Canada); Agentura na Podporu Vyskumu a Vyvoja (Slovak Research and Development Agency); Austrian Science Fund (FWF); Universitat Wien (University of Vienna); Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan); Aarhus Universitets Forskningsfond (Aarhus University Research Foundation); Swedish Research Council; Carlsberg Foundation; Ministarstvo Prosvete, Nauke i Tehnolokog Razvoja (Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia); NOMIS Stiftung (NOMIS Foundation); National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC); UK Research & Innovation (UKRI), Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC); French National Research Agency (ANR); German Research Foundation (DFG); Gouvernement du Canada | Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (Conseil de Recherches en Sciences Naturelles et en Genie du Canada); HKUST IEMS research grant project, funded by EY; Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (Brazilian Federal Agency for the Support and Evaluation of Graduate Education); Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation | Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (National Council for Scientific and Technological Development); Research Council of Norway through its Centres of Excellence Scheme; Institute of Social Sciences Ivo Pilar; J. William Fulbright Program; Institute for Lifecourse Development, University of Greenwich; Project Pro.Co.P.E., IMT School; Ministry of Education, Universities and Research (MIUR); Princeton Graduate Student Research Funding (Program in Cognitive Science); Corruption Laboratory on Ethics, Accountability; Rule of Law (CLEAR); University of Virginia; Charles Koch Foundation; Center for the Science of Moral Understanding; Australian Research Council; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT) Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (KAKENHI); St Andrews and Stirling Graduate Programme Research Funding; Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP); Seele Neuroscience Social Projects Fund

Published
2022

804. The Rocky Road From Attitudes to Behaviors: Charting the Goal Systemic Course of Actions.

Author

Kruglanski, Arie W., Chernikova, Marina, Milyavsky, Maxim, Babush, Maxim, Jasko, Katarzyna, Baldner, Conrad, and Pierro, Antonio

Subjects
*ATTITUDE (Psychology), *BEHAVIOR, *MOTIVATION (Psychology), *GOAL (Psychology), *SOCIAL psychology
Abstract

The issue of attitude-behavior relations is revisited in light of recent work on motivation and the psychology of goals. It is suggested that for object-attitudes to drive a specific behavior, a chain of contingencies must be realized: Liking must be transmuted into wanting, wanting must evolve into a goal, the goal must be momentarily dominant, and the specific behavior must be chosen as means of goal pursuit. Our model thus specifies a set of mediating processes that transpire between attitudes and behavior. Prior theories of attitude-behavior relations are examined from the present perspective, and its conceptual and empirical implications are noted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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808. Blockade of calcium channels and AT1 receptor prevents the hypertensive effect of calcilytic NPS 2143 in rats.

Author

Rybczynska A, Jurska-Jasko A, Boblewski K, Lehmann A, and Orlewska C

Subjects
Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers pharmacology, Animals, Calcium Channel Blockers pharmacology, Calcium Channels metabolism, Felodipine pharmacology, Losartan pharmacology, Male, Rats, Rats, Wistar, Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1 drug effects, Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1 metabolism, Receptors, Calcium-Sensing antagonists & inhibitors, Blood Pressure drug effects, Calcium Channels drug effects, Hypertension chemically induced, Naphthalenes pharmacology
Abstract

Calcilytics, antagonists of calcium receptor, decrease sensitivity of this receptor to plasma calcium concentration and increase parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion. Moreover, it was recently indicated that calcilytic NPS 2143 induces hypertension in rats. This study tested whether the increase of mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) induced by NPS 2143 administration is mediated by calcium channel and angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor activity. Wistar rats were anaesthesized with Thiopental i.p. and infused i.v. with saline supplemented with the anaesthetic. Blood pressure was monitored continuously in the carotid artery. Effects of NPS 2143 administered i.v. as bolus on MAP in the presence and absence of felodypine and losartan were investigated. Both, felodipine and losartan pretreatment provoked a persistent DMAP decrease by 18+/-3 and 14+/-3 mmHg, respectively. Infusion of NPS 2143 at 1 mg/kg b.w. confirmed hypertensive activity of calcilytic and increased blood pressure for 21+/-4 mmHg. In contrast, administration of NPS 2143 in felodipine as well as in losartan pretreated rats did not change DMAP as compared to felodipine/control and losartan/control groups, respectively. Our study indicated that both the blockade of calcium channels and the AT1 receptor activity prevented the hypertensive effect of calcilytic NPS 2143. This finding might be particularly important in understanding the mechanisms that mediated blood pressure changes related to the activity of calcium receptor.

Published
2010

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