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We herein explore a facile and straightforward approach to enhance the interface stability between the lithium superionic conducting Li 10 GeP 2 S 12 (LGPS) solid electrolyte and Li metal by employing ionic liquid such as 1 M lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI)/ N-methyl- N-propylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (PYR 13 TFSI) as the interface modifier. The results demonstrated the presence of 1 M LiTFSI/PYR 13 TFSI ionic liquid; the interface stability at the electrode/solid electrolyte (i.e., Li/LGPS) was improved remarkably by forming an in situ solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer. As a result, an effectively reduced interfacial resistance from 2021 to 142 Ω cm 2 and stable Li stripping/plating performance (over 1200 h at 0.038 mA cm -2 and 1000 h at 0.1 mA cm -2 ) were achieved in the Li/LGPS/Li symmetric cells. On this basis, the Li-S solid-state batteries were further architectured with one of the S@C composite [where C is the ketjen black carbon (KBC) or PBX 51-type activated carbon (PBX51C) or multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MCNTs)] cathode and the LGPS solid electrolyte. The batteries with S@KBC electrodes delivered an excellent discharge/charge performance with a high initial discharge capacity of 1017 mA h g -1 and better stability than those of the batteries with the S@PBX51C and S@MCNTs electrodes. High surface area, unique beneficial pore structure, and better particle dispersion of sulfur in the S@KBC composite facilitate high sulfur utilization and also increase the intimate contact between the electrode and LGPS solid electrolyte during the discharge/charge process.

Despite the extremely high ionic conductivity, the commercialization of Li 10 GeP 2 S 12 -type materials is hindered by the poor stability against Li metal. Herein, to address that issue, a simple strategy is proposed and demonstrated for the first time, i.e., in situ modification of the interface between Li metal and Li 10 SnP 2 S 12 (LSPS) by pretreatment with specific ionic liquid and salts. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results reveal that a stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer instead of a mixed conducting layer is formed on Li metal by adding 1.5 M lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI)/ N-propyl- N-methyl pyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (Pyr 13 TFSI) ionic liquid, where ionic liquid not only acts as a wetting agent but also improves the stability at the Li/LSPS interface. This stable SEI layer can prevent LSPS from directly contacting the Li metal and further decomposition, and the Li/LSPS/Li symmetric cell with 1.5 M LiTFSI/Pyr 13 TFSI attains a stable cycle life of over 1000 h with both the charge and discharge voltages reaching about 50 mV at 0.038 mA cm -2 . Furthermore, the effects of different Li salts on the interfacial modification is also compared and investigated. It is shown that lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl) imide (LiFSI) salt causes the enrichment of LiF in the SEI layer and results in a higher resistance of the cell upon a long cycling life.

Starch synthesized and stored in amyloplasts serves as the major energy storage molecule in cereal endosperm. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying amyloplast development and starch synthesis, we isolated a series of floury endosperm mutants in rice ( Oryza sativa ). We identified the rice mutant floury shrunken endosperm1 ( fse1 ), which exhibited obvious defects in the development of compound starch grains, decreased starch content, and altered starch physicochemical features. Map-based cloning showed that FSE1 encodes a phospholipase-like protein homologous to phosphatidic acid-preferring phospholipase A 1 FSE1 was expressed ubiquitously with abundant levels observed in developing seeds and roots. FSE1 was localized to both the cytosol and intracellular membranes. Lipid profiling indicated that total extra-plastidic lipids and phosphatidic acid were increased in fse1 plants, suggesting that FSE1 may exhibit in vivo phospholipase A 1 activity on phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidyl-Ser, phosphatidylethanolamine, and, in particular, phosphatidic acid. Additionally, the total galactolipid content in developing fse1 endosperm was significantly reduced, which may cause abnormal amyloplast development. Our results identify FSE1 as a phospholipase-like protein that controls the synthesis of galactolipids in rice endosperm and provide a novel connection between lipid metabolism and starch synthesis in rice grains during endosperm development., (© 2018 American Society of Plant Biologists. All rights reserved.)

Objectives: To investigate if intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) MR imaging can predict the tumour-stroma ratio (TSR) in patients with early cervical carcinoma., Methods: Fifty-four patients with early cervical carcinoma were prospectively enrolled into this study. All patients underwent IVIM imaging and parameters including D, D* and f value were measured. The tumours were classified into stroma-rich and stroma-poor group according to TSR, and comparisons of IVIM parameters between two groups were performed. The relationships between IVIM parameters and TSR were analysed by using a multivariate multi-regression analysis., Results: D and f values were significantly lower in stroma-poor tumours than in stroma-rich tumours (p=0.02, 0.04), while the difference in D* value between two groups didn't achieve statistical significance (p=0.09). The areas under ROC curves of D and f values in discriminating stroma-rich and stroma-poor tumours were 0.835 (95%CI=0.616~0.905) and 0.686 (95%CI=0.575~0.798). In multiple linear regression analysis, D value, pathologic type, histologic grade, tumour size and f value were independently correlated with TSR of cervical carcinoma., Conclusions: D and f values are independently correlated with TSR of cervical carcinoma and have the potential for quantitative measurement of TSR., Key Points: • TSR is a recognized independent prognostic factor in many solid tumours. • D and f values measured by IVIM MRI are independently correlated with TSR while D* is not. • IVIM offers the potential to predict TSR.

Cu 3 P/reduced graphene oxide (Cu 3 P/RGO) nanocomposite was successfully synthesized by a facile one-pot method as an advanced anode material for high-performance lithium-ion batteries. Cu 3 P nanostructures with a polyhedral shape with the mean diameter (80-100 nm) were homogeneously anchored on the surface of RGO. The flexible RGO sheets acted as elastic buffering layer which not only reduced the volume change, but also prevented the aggregation of Cu 3 P nanostructures, the cracking and crumbing of electrodes. On the other hand, the presence of Cu 3 P nanostructures could also avoid the agglomeration of RGO sheets and retain their highly active surface area. Therefore, as an advanced anode material for high-performance lithium-ion batteries, the as-prepared Cu 3 P/RGO exhibited high capacity of 756.15 mAhg -1 at the current density 500 mAg -1 after 80 cycles, superior cyclic stability and good rate capability.

During the republican period, western science and technology as well as western medicine spread quickly in China, and inevitably had a profound influence on the academic of acu-moxibustion. The confluence of Chinese and western medicine with the scientification of acu-moxibustion had left an obvious mark on the academic of acu-moxibustion. No matter whether the theory involves science of channels and collaterals, acupoints and methods of needling and moxibustion or the improvement of acu-moxibustion apparatus and new therpy methods, all carrying remarkable characteristic of new merge of knowledge, and providing solid foundation and valuable reference for the development of contemporary academic of acu-moxibustion.

Zhu Danxi, one of the four Major Schools of the Jin-Yuan Dynasties, had a lot of works circulated with its authorship in disarray. Part of the works were compiled by his disciples, while others were by his self-taught followers based on prior circulated Danxi's originals, plus some apocryphal so-called Danxi's works circulated posthumously. When sorting out Danxi's Hand Mirror, we found that some of its contents are closely related to Bei ji qian jin yao fang (Essential Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold for Emergencies), Qian jin yi fang (Supplements to Qian jin yao fang), Tai ping sheng hui fang (Peaceful Holy Benevolent Prescriptions), Zhu jie shang han lun (Annotated Treatises of Cold Pathogenic Disease), Shang han ming li lun (Elucidation of Cold Pathogenic Disease), Ge zhi yu lun (Treatise of Inquiring the Properties of Things), either by transcription or with an identical origin. By clearing their relationships, it can provide assistance to the research of the philological structure of Danxi's hand Mirror.

The continuous effects on Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity of medaka (Oryzias latipes) caused by dichlorvos, methomyl and deltamethrin in vivo were investigated, and the trends of AChE activity inhibition due to the influence of these insecticides were discussed. The LC50-24h of dichlorvos, methomyl and deltamethrin on medaka were 2.3 mg/L, 0.2 mg/L, and 2.9×10(-3) mg/L respectively. The result suggested that at the beginning of the exposure, the AChE activity might increase, and the AChE activity in dead individuals was obviously lower than the live individuals. Though the de novo synthesis of AChE in medaka might help the AChE activity recover, the trends during the exposure in different treatments were downward, and it showed both exposure time and concentration dependent. Meanwhile, higher temperature might cause the AChE inhibition earlier due to the higher metabolic rate. Therefore, as a specific biomarker for organophosphate, carbamate pesticides and pyrethroids, the degree of the AChE inhibition with in vivo conditions is a good tool in continuous monitoring of insecticides, which may induce the nerve conduction disorders.

The foreign exchange activities of traditional Chinese medicine are conducted under the guidance of the policy of the CPC and Chinese government. After the carrying out of the reform and opening-up policy, foreign exchange policy of TCM has experienced the process of growing up from nothing, from less to more, and from coarse to fine, which is closely related to our country's foreign policy, the cause of Chinese medicine development, and urgent need of international communication. In the three decades after the reform and opening-up policy, the formulation of foreign exchange policy of TCM can be divided into three stages: viz., inclusion in the framework of national foreign policy (1978-1985), embodiment in the policy of developing TCM cause (1986-1996), and appearance in the special policy of foreign exchange of Chinese medicine (since 1997). From the development process of these policies, the development of each policy gradually complies with the process of the development of the times, with its contents basically in line with the requirements of the times. The implementation of some policies promotes the foreign exchanges and cooperation of Chinese medicine.

Dan tai yu an (Jade Case Records of Red Stage) was compiled by a doctor of the Ming Dynasty Sun Wenyin, including 6 volumes. This book involves Chinese internal medicine, paediatrics, gynaecology, external medicine, and Department of the sense organs (ENT) classified into 73 categories, each of which contains 80 kinds of disease. The total number of disease was 157. Each kind of disease is discussed under the order of etiology, syndrome, pulse condition and treatment. The range of traditional Chinese prescriptions in this book is rather extensive with its indications, administrations and modification of main prescriptions given concretely. Both internal and external treatment are included, and the individual drug and proved recipe are practical and effective, which is a significant reference to clinical practice. There are many versions of this book extant. According to our investigation and research, we replenished some information to the"General Catalogue of TCM Ancient Books", and at the same time, correct some mistakes, providing the basis for further collation and publishing.

As the teaching work of gynecology, Qin Bowei's Teaching Material of Gynecology was used in the China Medical College in Shanghai in the Republican period. It is composed of 2 parts, the first part deals with the introduction to the characteristics of female physiology, pathology, principles of treatment based on differential diagnosis and treatment of women's disorders; the 2(nd) part discusses in details the pathogenesis, pathological mechanism, the system of theory-methodology-recipes-medicines. The whole book deals mainly with Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) combined with the research results of TCM gynecology by western medical theory of gynecology to make mutual interpretation in a concise structure and clear analysis with uniqueness. It is a rather systematic and essential TCM gynecological teaching material, embodying the author's personal academic idea, with profound influence on the education and compilation of teaching materials of TCM gynecology.

Objective: To investigate the clinical value of computed tomographic angiography (CTA) and three-dimensional reconstruction technique in repairing scalp avulsion wound with large skull exposure by the free latissimus dorsi flap transplantation., Methods: Between October 2007 and June 2012, 9 female patients with serious scalp avulsion and large skull exposure were treated, aged 23-54 years (mean, 38 years). The injury causes included machine twist injury in 6 cases, traffic accident injury in 2 cases, and falling from height injury in 1 case. Before admission, 3 patients had scalp necrosis after scalp in situ replantation, and 6 patients underwent debridement and dressing. The time from injury to admission was 8 hours to 7 days (mean, 1 day). The avulsed scalp area ranged from 75% to 90% of the scalp area (mean, 81%); the exposed skull area ranged from 55% to 70% of the scalp area (mean, 63%). Two patients had unilateral auricle avulse. CTA was used to observe the superficial temporal artery and vein, facial artery, external jugular vein, dorsal thoracic artery and vein, and measure the blood vessel diameter before operation. According to the CTA results, the latissimus dorsal skin flaps were desinged to repair wounds in 7 cases, the latissimus dorsal muscle flaps combined with skin graft were used to repair wounds in 2 cases. According to preoperative design, operation was successfully completed in 7 cases; great saphenous vein was used as vascular graft in 2 cases having poor images of superficial temporal vessels. The size of latissimus dorsal skin flaps ranged from 20 cm x 14 cm to 25 cm x 20 cm; the donor site was repaired with skin graft. The size of latissimus dorsal muscle flaps were 23 cm x 16 cm and 16 cm x 10 cm; the donor site was directly sutured., Results: The blood vessel diameter measured during operation was close to the value measured before operation. The operation time was 6-8 hours (mean, 6.5 hours). The latissimus dorsal muscle (skin) flap and skin graft survived, with primary healing of wound or incision at donor site. The patients were followed up 3 months-2 years (mean, 6 months). The flap had soft texture and skin had no ulceration., Conclusion: The free latissimus dorsi flaps can repair scalp avulsion with large skull exposure. Preoperative CTA can get the vessel anatomical structure and diameter at donor and recipient sites, which will guide the operation program design and implementation so as to shorten the operation time and improve the accuracy rate of vascular anastomosis.

Objective: To observe the effectiveness of the superior fibular head approach for the treatment of posterolateral fracture of the tibial plateau., Methods: Between June 2010 and February 2012, 20 cases of posterolateral fracture of the tibial plateau were treated through superior fibular head approach, including 1 case of simple posterolateral fracture of the tibial plateau and 19 cases of posterolateral fracture of the tibial plateau with other fractures. There were 12 males and 8 females with an average age of 42.2 years (range, 28-58 years). All patients had closed fractures. Fracture was caused by traffic accident in 14 cases, by falling from height in 4 cases, and by twist injury in 2 cases. Associated injuries included lateral meniscus injury in 5 cases, medial meniscus injury in 2 cases, and anterior cruciate ligament injury in 1 case. The time from injury to admission ranged from 90 minutes to 32 hours (mean, 4.5 hours), and the time from admission to operation was 5-12 days (mean, 7.8 days). All cases underwent fracture reduction and fixation with Pilon plates through the superior fibular head approach, and associated fracture and meniscal injury were treated., Results: All incisions healed by first intention, and no numbness or articular instability occurred. All patients were followed up 6-26 months (mean, 19.1 months). The average fracture healing time was 10.2 weeks (range, 8-12 weeks). During following-up, no related complication of fixation loosening or articular surface loss occurred. According to Rasmussen knee score criteria at last follow-up, the score was 18-30 (mean, 27.9); 16 cases were graded as excellent, 3 cases as good, and 1 case as fair, with an excellent and good rate of 95%., Conclusion: The superior fibular head approach for the treatment of posterolateral fracture of the tibial plateau is simple, safe, and effective, and can achieve a good surgical outcome.

Using mutation PCR, we cloned the target gene containing 421-480nt (141-160aa) and 598-639nt (200-213aa) of VP1 gene of foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) into the deleted region (508-532aa) of Nsp2 gene of a highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus derived vaccine strain (HuN4-F112) that was used as vector. The recombinant cDNA was in vitro transcribed followed by transfection of BHK-21 cells for 36 h. Then, the supernatant of the cell culture was continuously seeded to monolayer of MARC-145 cells for recovery of the recombinant virus. CPE was obviously visible after a couple of passages in the seeded MARC-145, and the rescued virus (designated as rPRRSV-F112-O/VP1ep) was identified by Mlu I digestion, sequencing and immunofluorescence assay. Meanwhile, expression of inserted FMDV epitopes was also detected by indirect immunofluorescence assay with polyclonal antibodies against VP1 protein of FMDV. The analysis of biological characteristics shows that the titer of the rescued recombinant PRRSV (TCID50 = -log10(-6.75)/0.1 mL) was similar to its direct parental virus rHuN4-F112-delta508-532, but higher than rHuN4-F112.

"Danxi Theory" had deep influence on the traditional medicine in Korea and Japan. In Korea, the compilation of Yi Fang Lei Ju and Dong Yi Bao Jian referred to the medical works of ZHU Danxi and that of his students, the Korean doctors advocated the theory of ZHU Danxi's theory of "four injuries by qi, blood, phlegm and stagnation", and quoted large number of formulas and herbs from Dangxi's works into the above books. In Japan, Tashiro Sanki had came to China and studied medicine from Japanese monk Yue Hu, who was the disciple of YU Tianmin (a private disciple of ZHU Danxi). After returned to Japan he energetically initiated Danxi's theory and classified diseases to blood disease, qi disease and phlegm disease (water toxin) according to Danxi's theory of "four injuries by qi, blood, phlegm and stagnation". His student Manase Dōsan set up a "Danxi Society" and spread Danxi Theory in Japan and therefore the unique medical system "Gose Ha shcool" was formed. His student Manase Gensaku, and Manase Gensaku's students Okamoto Genya, Nagasawa Doju and Hurubayashi Kengi spread and developed Danxi Theory, hich was popular in Japan for more than 200 years. It was proved that Danxi Theory had deep and far influence on the formation and development of overseas traditional medicine in Korea and Japan.

Recording and extracting characteristic brain signals in freely moving animals is the basic and significant requirement in the study of brain-computer interface (BCI). To record animal's behaving and extract characteristic brain signals simultaneously could help understand the complex behavior of neural ensembles. Here, a system was established to record and analyse extracellular discharge in freely moving rats for the study of BCI. It comprised microelectrode and micro-driver assembly, analog front end (AFE), programmer system on chip (PSoC), wireless communication and the LabVIEW used as the platform for the graphic user interface.

The effects of running buffer on reproducibility of the migration time in the modes of capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) and micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MECC) were investigated. The parameters include concentration, pH value and the properties change of the running buffer. The results showed that the reproducibility of migration times may be improved through three approaches. First, the correlation between running buffer concentration and migration time was established and the running buffer concentration was determined by conductivities in order to improve the reproducibility. Second, it was found that the residual running buffer in the capillary showed significant influence on the repeatability of migration times. Thus, appropriate running or washing procedure between separations is necessary. Finally, the inlet reservior buffer plays an extremely important role in affecting the migration behaviors of solutes. Through improving the test apparatus, reproducible migration time was achieved as a result of increasing the frequency of replacing the buffer in the inlet reservior.

Objective: To investigate the correlated factors of early mortality after orthotopic liver transplantation., Methods: The preoperative liver function, coagulative status, the graft's warm and cold ischemia times and the details of the operations of 42 patients were summarized retrospectively and the comparison between survival and death patients performed to analyse the correlated factors of early death after orthotopic liver transplantation., Results: Thirteen of the 42 patients died early after the transplantation. Two died of vascular complication and two fo graft primary nonfunction. The comparison between those without identified causes (9 patients, in death group) and survivors (29 patients, in survival group) showed that the patients in death group had a poorer preoperative liver function and coagulative status than those in survival group, the blood loss was more than that in survival group, the length of time of operation, the duration of hypotension and anhepatic time were also longer than those in survival group., Conclusion: The poorer preoperative liver function, and especially the coagulative status were the main causes of early mortality after orthotopic liver transplantation, the vascular complications and the graft primary nonfunction were the other reasons that led to some patients' deaths.

Investigation has been made on the folk medicine and health care in Jingning Autonomous Prefecture of She ethnic group, the only of its kind in China. It is demonstrated that since the living condition is bad, the hygienic environment is very poor, epidemics like measle, malaria and venereal diseases are very prevalent, and a high incident area of hyperthyroidism. Since there are no special writing characters, She ethnic group spread their medical know - how by oral transmission. Collection of herbs and compounding of recipes are mainly through the family. Medicine of the She ethnic group has a long history, and the treatment of bone - injury, snake - bites and wind - pain are very unique. It has been found that there are 599 genuses, 199 families of herbs in She medicine with 1043 species; among them, 214 herbs are in common use, falling under 126 genuses. In addition, 7 new herbal plants are found, and 332 recipes collected. Currently, over 40 She physicians are practicing in the prefecture.

Since the main contents of the Huang di nei jing (Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon) was completed in the Warring States, in the form of questions and answers between Huang Di and Qi Bo, Qi - Huang is used as the appellation for Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon in later generation. As the Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon laid the foundation for the development of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), in the Song Dynasty, Qi Bo and Huang Di was jointly called Qi - Huang for the first time in Bian que xin shu (Medical Understanding of Bian Que) by Dou Cai. And they were also worshipped as the orthodox ancestors of medicine in the shrine with new implication. Since then, Qi - Huang had an extended meanings for orthodox TCM or TCM science. However, in most cases, Qi - Huang was the appellation of TCM and TCM science. Meanwhile, new words derived from Qi - Huang have their respective meanings, such as "the art of Qi - Huang" and "the theoretical principles of Qi - Huang" standing for the science of TCM or the art of healing, and the theoretical principles. As for the "Qi - Huang physicians", it represents the TCM doctors and specialists. Dan xi shou jing (Medical Mirror of Danxi) by Wu Shangmo in the Ming Dynasty says that "meeting Qi - Huang specialists". "Qi - Huang books" means TCM books. And Qi - Huang profession refers to TCM profession, etc. It can be seen that the term Qi - Huang does have a rich content of Chinese traditional culture.