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A new polyoxometalate (POM) based on a flexible bidentate ligand and "inverted Keggin" inorganic building block, namely, [Cu(8)L(8)[Mo(12)O(46)(AsPh)(4)](2)]·H(2)O (1), where L is 1,3-bis(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propane, has been synthesized under hydrothermal condition. In 1, the "inverted Keggin" [Mo(12)O(46)(AsPh)(4)](4-) building blocks are linked by the one-dimensional (1D) zigzag [Cu(I)(trans-L)](+) chains and [Cu(I)(4)(cis-L)(4)](4+) macrocycles to yield a three-dimensional (3D) framework. The compound 1 represents the first 3D "inverted Keggin" polyoxometalate modified by a transition-metal complex. Topologically, the 3D framework can be considered as an 8-connected net with a Schläfli symbol of 4(22)·6(6). As far as we know, compound 1 is the highest-connected uninodal network topology presently known for POM-based materials. The compound was characterized by its IR spectrum, UV-vis spectrum, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns. Remarkably, compound 1 exhibits photocatalytic activity for dye degradation under visible light irradiation and shows good stability toward visible-light photocatalysis.

Entanglement is one of the most important features of coordination polymer frameworks and has attracted considerable attention due to its aesthetic and topological interest. Among entangled systems, interpenetrating frameworks represent an intriguing subset; however, there are few examples of materials containing very high levels of interpenetration. In this work a coordination polymer with 10(3)-srs topology, constructed from a star-like tridentate ligand, tri(4-imidazolylphenyl)amine, and Ag(I) ions, has been hydrothermally synthesized. It contains a record 54 interpenetrating networks.

Purpose: To assess genetic variations of GAB2 as a risk factor for developing Alzheimer disease (AD)., Design and Methods: A case-control study (n=310; age>50 y) was conducted to determine the prevalence of 5 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of GAB2 (rs2373115, rs1385600, rs4945261, rs7101429, and rs7115850) in patients with AD in Chinese population of mainland China, and was investigated whether these polymorphisms are risk factors for AD., Results: Our results supported a possible implication of 3 tested SNPs of GAB2 (rs4945261, rs7101429, and rs7115850) in AD in the ethnic Chinese Han, of which the maximal significance of association was at SNP rs7101429 C allele (P=4.0×10; odds ratio=2.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.4-2.8), and this observed association was not affected by APOEε4 genotype. In the haplotypes analysis, the minor alleles of the 3 tested SNPs were composed of a TCG haplotype, which had a significant difference in haplotype distribution between the 2 groups (P=3.4×10; odds ratio=8.32; 95% confidence interval, 4.57-15.14)., Conclusions: Our findings implicate an association between genetic variations of GAB2 and AD in Han Chinese, and the minor alleles of the 3 tested SNPs (rs4945261, rs7101429, and rs7115850) might increase the risk of AD.

Background: Hypoxia inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is a key transcriptional factor activated during cerebral ischemia, which regulates a great number of downstream genes, including those associated with cell death. In the present study, we aimed to test the hypothesis that post-ischemic HIF-1α up-regulation might promote autophagy activation; thereby, HIF-1α inhibitor 2ME2 might prevent neurons from ischemic injury through inhibiting autophagy., Methods: Global ischemia was induced using the four-vessel occlusion model (4-VO) in Sprague-Dawley rats (male, 250-280g). 2-Methoxyestradiol (2ME2, 5mg/kg, i.p.) was administrated to down-regulate HIF-1α expression. Post-ischemic beclin-1 and LC3 protein expression was determined at different time points through Western blot assay. Neuronal injury was determined by cresyl violet staining and TUNEL staining in coronal histological sections., Results: The expression of beclin-1 and the ratio of LC3-II/LC3-I increased significantly at 12 and 24 h after ischemia. 2ME2 could remarkably inhibit the up-regulation of beclin-1 and the increase of LC3-II/LC3-I ratio during reperfusion. Moreover, 2ME2 and 3-MA exhibited powerful protective effects against ischemic/reperfusion induced neuronal injury., Conclusions: This study confirmed that autophagy participated in post-ischemic neuronal injury. 2ME2, a HIF-1α inhibitor, might significantly decrease autophagy activation after cerebral ischemia and relieve post-ischemic neuronal injury. Our findings demonstrate that autophagy could be a potential target for neuronal protection after cerebral ischemia.

An unprecedented 2D → 3D metal-organic polyrotaxane framework, based on a new star-like tri(4-imidazolylphenyl)amine ligand, has been synthesized and characterized, which represents the first example of 2D → 3D polyrotaxane entangled in a parallel fashion.

Six polyoxometalate-based (POM) hybrid materials based on octamolybdate building blocks and metal-organic fragments with flexible multidentate ligand, namely [Cu(II)(2)(ttb)(2)(β-Mo(8)O(26))(H(2)O)(2)]·2H(2)O (1), Cu(I)(4)(ttb)(2)(β-Mo(8)O(26))(H(2)O) (2), [Cu(I)(4)(ttb)(3)(β-Mo(8)O(26))] (3), [Ni(2)(ttb)(2)(β-Mo(8)O(26))(H(2)O)(6)]·2H(2)O (4), [Zn(2)(ttb)(2)(α-Mo(8)O(26))(H(2)O)(2)] (5), and [Ag(4)(ttb)(2)(β-Mo(8)O(26))] (6), where ttb = 1,3,5-tris(1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)-2,4,6-trimethyl benzene, have been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. Their structures have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses and further characterized by elemental analyses, TGA, IR spectra, and electrochemistry. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibit three-dimensional (3D) 2-fold interpenetrating frameworks with (3,6)-connected (4(1)·6(2))(4(2)·6(10)·10(3)) and (3,4)-connected (6(2)·8(1))(2)(6(2)·8(4)) topologies, respectively. We are not aware of any other examples of interpenetrating (3,6)- and (3,4)-connected frameworks which involves the octamolybdates. Compound 3 shows a rare two-dimensional (2D) 2-fold interpenetrating network structure. In compound 4, a 3D supramolecular framework with the channels is constructed by the hydrogen-bonding interactions between (β-Mo(8)O(26))(4-) polyanions and the Ni-ttb double layers, in which the guest (β-Mo(8)O(26))(4-) anions are included. If ZnO interactions are considered, the structure of 5 is a 3D (3,4)-connected framework with (4·8(2))(4·8(2)·10(3)) topology. In 6, the ttb ligand as a tetradentate ligand links the Ag atoms to yield a 2D POM-based network. By careful inspection of the structures of 1-6, it can be seen that the ttb ligand, the metal ion and the coordination mode of the octamolybdate anion play important roles in the formation of the POM-based MOFs.

Background: Transthyretin-related hereditary amyloidosis is an autosomal dominant inherited disease caused by mutations in the transthyretin (TTR) gene. Corresponding to the various transthyretin gene mutations and a wide range of geographical distribution, transthyretin-related hereditary amyloidosis presents diverse characteristics in genotype-phenotype correlation., Objective/method: Here, we identify the clinical characteristics of a Chinese family affected by transthyretin-related hereditary amyloidosis with TTR Tyr114Cys mutation., Results/conclusion: The pathogenic mechanism studies showed that the protein encoded by TTR Tyr114Cys is more easily depolymerized to form amyloid fibrils. Moreover, the cytotoxicity of the TTR Tyr114Cys may be attributed to its ability to persistently activate the extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1/2 pathway., (Copyright © 2010 S. Karger AG, Basel.)

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy is a common feature in Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is characterized by amyloid deposit around brain vessels including capillaries. The origin of the amyloid protein of CAA remains controversial. In our work, we provide data to show that primary umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) harbor APP processing secretases and can produce Abeta(42) under starvation. Starvation can increase the secretion of Abeta(42) by altering the expression of beta-secretases (BACE1) and gamma-secretases (APH and PEN2). This process is regulated by macroautophagy. Suppression of macroautophagy induction by 3MA further increased the level of Abeta(42) produced under starvation in HUVECs. These results suggest that starvation-induced Abeta(42) secretion might contribute to the formation of CAA and hence vascular degeneration in AD., (Copyright 2010 Federation of European Biochemical Societies. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Nine new coordination polymers, namely, [Mn(2)(L)(H(2)O)(4)].H(2)O (1), [Cd(L)(0.5)(H(2)O)] (2), [Zn(5)(L)(2)(mu(3)-O)(2)(H(2)O)(4)].2H(2)O (3), [Zn(4)(L)(2)(mu(3)-O)(2)][Zn(H(2)O)(5)].2H(2)O (4), [Zn(2)(L)(biim-4)(0.5)(H(2)O)(3)].H(2)O (5), [Cd(2)(L)(bpy)(H(2)O)].2H(2)O.0.5(CH(3)CH(2)OH) (6), [Cu(2)(H(2)L)(2)(bpy)(2)] (7), [Cu(2)(L)(bpy)(H(2)O)] (8), and [Cu(2)(L)(bpy)(1.5)(H(2)O)(2.5)] (9), where H(4)L = 1,2,3,4-benzenetetracarboxylic acid, biim-4 = 1,1'-(1,4-butanediyl)bis(imidazole), and bpy = 4,4'-bipyridine, have been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. Compound 1 displays a rare trinodal (3,4,7)-connected (4(2).6)(4(5).6)(4(7).6(8).8(6)) topology. 2 possesses an alpha-Po net. 3 is a novel 3D framework based on pentanuclear Zn(II) clusters. By adjustment of the pH values of the reaction mixture of 3 with a Na(2)CO(3) solution, a structurally different compound, 4, was obtained, which exhibits a 3D porous framework with the [Zn(H(2)O)(6)](2+) cations located in the channels. 5 is an unusual example of a trinodal (3,5)-connected network with a Schlafli symbol of (4(2).6)(6(2).8)(4(2).6(2).8(5).10), whereas 6, containing tetranuclear Cd(II) clusters, shows a rare (4,6)-connected (4(4).6(2))(2)(4(4).6(10).8) topology. 7 exhibits a unique polythreading network, while 8 displays a scarce trinodal (3,4,5)-connected self-penetrating network. In comparison with 8, the chiral compound 9 possesses an unprecedented tetranodal (2,4)-connected (7)(7(5).11)(6(2).7(3).8)(2)(6.7(4).10)(2) topology. The effects of the carboxylate ligands, the pH values, the reaction temperatures, the central metals, and the neutral ligands were elucidated. The IR spectra, thermogravimetric analysis, and luminescent properties for the compounds were also investigated.

We conducted a case-control study to determine the prevalence of the CALHM1 P86L polymorphism (rs2986017) in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) in the Chinese population of mainland China, and also to clarify whether this polymorphism is a risk factor for AD. Fourteen heterozygous P86L carriers were identified among 198 AD patients. One control subject was also found to be a P86L heterozygous carrier. The allelic frequencies of the AD patients and control subjects were found to be significantly different. Our study indicates that the CALHM1-P86L polymorphism is associated with AD in the ethnic Chinese Han.

In this paper, ten novel silver(I) sulfonates containing pyrazine derivatives, [Ag(L1)(Pyr)(H2O)] (1), [Ag(L1)(2,3-Pyr)] (2), [Ag(L1)(2,5-Pyr)] x H2O (3), [Ag(L1)(2,3,5-Pyr)] (4), [Ag(L1)(2,3,5,6-Pyr)] (5), [Ag(L2)(Pyr)] (6), [Ag(L2)(2,3-Pyr)] (7), [Ag(L2)(2,6-Pyr)] (8), [Ag(L2)(2-Pyr)] (9), and [Ag(L2)(2,5-Pyr)] x H2O (10) (L1 = 3-amino-4-methylbenzenesulfonate anion; L2 = 2-amino-3,5-dimethylbenzenesulfonate anion; Pyr = pyrazine; 2-Pyr = 2-methylpyrazine; 2,3-Pyr = 2,3-dimethylpyrazine; 2,6-Pyr = 2,6-dimethylpyrazine; 2,5-Pyr = 2,5-dimethylpyrazine; 2,3,5-Pyr = 2,3,5-trimethylpyrazine; 2,3,5,6-Pyr = 2,3,5,6-tetramethylpyrazine), have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, IR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. In 1 and 7, the silver(I) centers are linked by bridging pyrazine ligands to form one-dimensional (1D) chains. The silver(I) ions of the compounds 2-6 are bridged by pyrazine ligands and sulfonate anions to form 2D polymeric structures. Compounds 8-10 show 3D structures with diamond topologies. These results indicate that the steric hindrance of the pyrazine derivatives and the sulfonate anions containing different substituting groups play important roles in the framework formation of the silver(I) polymers. In addition, the luminescent properties of these compounds are also discussed in detail.

In the title centrosymmetric dinuclear zinc(II) complex, [Zn(2)(C(36)H(42)N(4)O(2))(NO(3))(2)], the Zn(II) atom has a distorted octa-hedral geometry, defined by two N atoms and two O atoms from the macrocyclic ligand and two O atoms from a chelating nitrate anion and are bridged by two phenolate O atoms, forming a four-membered Zn(2)O(2) ring.

In the title compound, [Zn(2)(C(36)H(42)N(4)O(2))(CH(3)COO)(2)]·2CH(3)CH(2)OH, a centrosymmetric dinuclear zinc macrocyclic complex is accompanied by two half-occupied ethanol solvent molecues resulting in a 1:2 macrocycle-solvent composition. The Zn(II) atom has a square-pyramidal geometry arising from an N(2)O(3) donor set, being coordinated by two N atoms and two O atoms from the macrocyclic ligand in the equatorial sites and one O atom from an acetate anion in the apical site. The two Zn(II) atoms are linked by two phenolate O atoms, generating a four-membered Zn(2)O(2) ring at the centre of the macrocycle. The tert-butyl group shows rotational disorder over two sets of sites in a 0.552 (12):0.448 (12) ratio. In the crystal, N-H⋯O and O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds are seen and a short intra-molecular C-H⋯O contact occurs.

In this article, a series of mixed-ligand Ag(i) coordination polymers, namely, Ag(L1)H(2)O (), Ag(2)(hmt)(2)(L1)(2) (), [Ag(HL2)]H(2)O (), [Ag(L2)(biim)][Ag(biim)] (), [K(5)(L3)(2)][Ag(H(2)O)(2)] (), [Ag(2)(L3)(3-iso)][Ag(3-iso)]5H(2)O (), [Ag(3)(L3)(bipy)(3)(H(2)O)]6H(2)O (), [Ag(3)(L3)(biim)(3)]H(2)O (), and [Ag(3)(L3)(hmt)(2)(H(2)O)(3)]H(2)O () (where hmt = hexamethylenetetramine, bipy = 4,4'-bipyridine, biim = 1,1'-(1,4-butanediyl)-bis(imidazole), 3-iso = 3-methylisoquinoline, L1 = 2,5-dichloro-4-amino-benzenesulfonate anion, L2 = 2-nitroso-1-naphthol-4-sulfonate anion and L3 = 4-hydroxy-5-nitro-1,3-benzenedisulfonate anion), have been synthesized by varying the anionic sulfonate-containing ligands and nitrogen-containing secondary ligands. Compounds and were synthesized through their parent compounds and , respectively, while were obtained by their parent compound . Ag(i) centers of are linked by L1 anions to generate a 1D polymeric chain, while Ag(i) centers of are bridged by hmt ligands to form a 2D polymeric layer. In , Ag(i) centers are connected by L2 anions to yield a 1D double chain, whereas Ag(i) centers in are joined by biim ligands and L2 anions, generating an unusual anionic chain and a cationic chain, respectively. In , Ag(i) centers are coordinated by water molecules, and K(i) cations are coordinated by L3 anions to form a pillared layered structure with inorganic layers and organic pillars. In , Ag(i) centers are coordinated by 3-iso ligands and L3 anions to generate a discrete molecular structure. In , bipy ligands bridge Ag(i) centers to give Ag-bipy chains, which are further linked by L3 anions to produce a 2D polymeric layer. In , Ag(i) centers are bridged by biim ligands to generate a 1D polymeric chain. In , the hmt ligands connect Ag(i) centers to give a binodal (3,4)-connected net with (6(3))(6(5).8)(2) topology. These results indicate that anionic sulfonate-containing ligands and the nitrogen-containing secondary ligands play important roles in the structural formation of the Ag(i) complexes. Additionally, the luminescent properties, elemental analyses and IR spectroscopy of these compounds were also studied.

In the title centrosymmetric dinuclear nickel complex, [Ni(2)(C(22)H(30)N(4)O(2))(NO(3))(2)], each of the two Ni(II) atoms has a distorted octa-hedral geometry, defined by two N atoms and two O atoms from the macrocyclic ligand and two O atoms from a chelating nitrate anion. The two Ni atoms are bridged by two phenolate O atoms, forming a four-membered Ni(2)O(2) ring.

The reaction of 1,2-bis-{2-[(2-hydroxy-ethyl)amino-methyl]-phen-oxy}ethane and fumaric acid in a mixed solution in ethanol-water (1:1 v/v) yields the title compound, C(20)H(30)N(2)O(4) (2+)·C(4)H(2)O(4) (2-)·4H(2)O. In the crystal structure, the anions, cations and water mol-ecules are connected via O-H⋯O and N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds into a three-dimensional network. The fumarate anion and the N,N'-bis-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-N,N'-[ethyl-enedioxy-bis(o-phenyl-enemethylene)]diammonium cation are located on centers of inversion, whereas the two crystallographically independent water mol-ecules occupy general positions.

The title compound, [Cu(C(22)H(22)N(2)O(8))], is a tetra-dentate Schiff base complex. The Cu(II) ion has a nearly square-planar geometry, being coordinated by two N atoms and two O atoms. The two chemically equivalent halves of the mol-ecule are crystallographically independent. One of the carboxylic acid methyl ester units is located in the main plane of the mol-ecule and the other is rotated by 65.3 (5)° with respect to this unit. In the crystal structure, there are π-π stacking inter-actions between adjacent six-membered chelate rings, with centroid-to-centroid distances of 3.602 (2) Å.

The title compound {systematic name: 2,2',2'',2'''-[3,7,11,15-tetra-aza-1(1,4),5(1,3),9(1,4),13(1,3)-tetra-benzena-cyclo-hexadeca-phane-3,7,11,15-tetra-yltetra-methyl-ene]tetra-benzonitrile}, C(64)H(56)N(8), is a centrosymmetric macrocycle that is consolidated into the crystal structure by C-H⋯π inter-actions.

In the title compound, [Cd(C(8)H(4)O(4))(C(36)H(44)N(4)O(4))]·C(8)H(6)O(4), the Cd(II) atom is six-coordinated by four N atoms from the macrocyclic ligand and two O atoms from a benzene-1,3-dicarboxyl-ate ligand. The complex mol-ecules are linked by N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming a one-dimensional chain structure along the b axis. The chains are further connected through N-H⋯O and O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds between the complex mol-ecule and an uncoordinated benzene-1,3-dicarboxylic acid mol-ecule, resulting in a two-dimensional supra-molecular network.

In the cobalt(II) coordination polymer poly[[(mu(2)-benzene-1,3-dicarboxylato){mu(2)-1,1'-[2,2'-oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl)]di-1H-imidazole}cobalt(II)] monohydrate], {[Co(C(10)H(14)N(4)O)(C(8)H(4)O(4))].H(2)O}(n), two crystallographically distinct Co(II) cations are four-coordinated by N(2)O(2) donor sets in distorted tetrahedral geometries. The Co(II) centers are connected by benzene-1,3-dicarboxylate (m-BDC) anions, giving two types of linear chains, which are further joined via meso-helical 1,1'-[2,2'-oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl)]di-1H-imidazole ligands to yield a thick two-dimensional slab. The compound displays a two-dimensional four-connected 4(2).6(3).8 topology, which is unprecedented in coordination polymers.

Two unprecedented dinuclear tin compounds containing deprotonated beta-cyclodextrins have been constructed by using different organotin and inorganotin precursors under solvothermal conditions, which display two dinuclear airscrew-like structures with different packing modes.

The title Cu(I) coordination polymer, [Cu(2)Cl(2)(C(30)H(28)N(6))](n), was obtained by reaction of CuCl(2)·2H(2)O and 1,4-bis-[1-(3-pyridyl-meth-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]butane. Each Cu(I) cation is three-coordinated by a ClN(2) donor set. The anion acts as a tetra-dentate ligand, linking Cu(I) centres into a polymeric chain.

In the title compound, [Cd(NO(3))(2)(C(22)H(30)N(2)O(4))], the Cd(II) atom is eight-coordinated by two amine N atoms and two O atoms from the 5,6:19,20-dibenzo-1,4,11,14-tetra-oxa-8,17-diaza-cyclo-eicosane ligand and four O atoms from two nitrate groups. The coordination geometry about Cd is antiprismatic. One nitro O atom is disordered equally over two positions.

The title cobalt(II) coordination polymers, [Co3(C9H3O6)2(C14H14N4)3]n, (I), and {[Co3(C9H3O6)2(C14H14N4)3(H2O)2] x H2O}n, (II), present very different coordination and packing properties in spite of the ligand similarity. In (I), three crystallographically distinct Co(II) cations are all four-coordinated by O2N2 donor sets in distorted tetrahedral geometries. The Co(II) centres are connected by benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate (BTC) anions and 1,3-bis(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)benzene (L(1)) ligands into a (6(4).8(2))2(8(6))(6.8(2))2 topology framework. The structure of (II) contains two kinds of crystallographically unique Co(II) cations. One Co atom lies on a symmetry centre and is six-coordinated by an O4N2 donor set, and the other Co atom is four-coordinated by an O2N2 donor set. The Co(II) centres are connected by BTC anions and 1,4-bis(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)benzene (L(2)) ligands into a (6(2).8(4))2(6(4).8(2))(6(3))2 framework.

Reactions of Ph(3)SnOH or Ph3SnCl with aryl arsonic acids RAsO3H2, where R=C6H5 (1), 2-NH2C6H4 (2), 4-NH2C6H4 (3), 2-NO2C6H4 (4), 3-NO2C6H4 (5), 4-NO2C6H4 (6), 3-NO2-4-OHC6H3 (7), 2-ClC6H4 (8) and 2,4-Cl2C6H3 (9), gave 18 Sn-O cluster compounds. These compounds can be classified into four types: type A: [{(PhSn)3(RAsO3)3(mu3-O)(OH)(R'O)2}2Sn] (R=C6H5, 2-NH2C6H4, 4-NH2C6H4, 2-NO2C6H4, 3-NO2C6H4, 2-ClC6H4, 2,4-Cl2C6H3, and 3-NO2-4-OHC6H3; R'=Me or Et); type B: [{(PhSn)3(RAsO3)(2)(RAsO3H)(mu3-O)(R'O)2}2] (R=4-NO2C6H4, R'=Me); type C: [{(PhSn)3(RAsO3)3(mu3-O)(R'O)3}2Sn] (R=2,4-Cl2C6H3, R'=Me); type D: [{Sn3Cl3(mu3-O)(R'O)3}(2)(RAsO3)4] (R=2-NO2C6H4 and 4-NO2-C6H4; R'=Me or Et). Structures of types A and B contain [Sn3(mu3-O)(mu2-OR')2] building blocks, while in types C and D the stannoxane cores are built from two [Sn3(mu3-O)(mu2-OR')3] building blocks. The reactions proceeded with partial or complete dearylation of the triphenyltin precursor. These various structural forms are realized by subtle changes in the nature of the organotin precursors and aryl arsonic acids. The syntheses, structures, and structural interrelationship of these organostannoxanes are discussed.

In the title compound, {[Cu(C(7)H(6)NO(2))(2)(C(11)H(16)N(4))]·3H(2)O}(n), each Cu(II) atom is coordinated by two O atoms from two 4-amino-benzoate anions, and two N atoms from two different 1,1'-(pentane-1,5-di-yl)diimidazole (biim-5) ligands, to furnish a distorted square-planar geometry. The biim-5 ligand coordinates to two copper(II) cations, acting as a bridging ligand; as a result the copper(II) cations are connected to form an infinite chain structure. The polymeric chains are linked through a variety of hydrogen bonds to form a three-dimensional structure.

The title compound, C(28)H(52)N(6) (6+)·6Cl(-)·4H(2)O, is a dinucleating 28-membered centrosymmetric hexa-azamacrocyclic complex. The macrocyclic ligand adopts a chair-like conformation, with the crystallographic inversion center located in the macrocyclic cavity. The six chloride ions and four water mol-ecules are situated symmetrically outside the macrocyclic cavity. The crystal structure is stabilized by N-H⋯Cl, N-H⋯O and O-H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds.

Five organic-inorganic hybrid compounds, namely, [Co2(fcz)4(H2O)4][beta-Mo8O26].5H2O (1), [Ni2(fcz)4(H2O)4][beta-Mo8O26].5H2O (2), [Zn2(fcz)4(beta-Mo8O26)].4H2O (3), [Cu2(fcz)4(beta-Mo8O26)].4H2O (4), and [Ag4(fcz)4(beta-Mo8O26)] (5), where fcz is fluconazole [2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1,3-di(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-ol], were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions, and crystal structures of 1-5 have been determined by X-ray diffraction. In compounds 1 and 2, metal cations are linked by fluconazole ligands to form hinged chain structures and [beta-Mo8O26]4- anions act as counterions. In compound 3, Zn(II) cations are bridged by fluconazole ligands to form 2D (4,4) networks, and each pair of these networks is linked by [beta-Mo8O26]4- anions to form a sandwich double-layer structure. In compound 4, Cu(II) cations are bridged by fluconazole ligands to form 2D (4,4) networks, and these networks are connected by [beta-Mo8O26]4- anions to form a 3D framework. In compound 5, AgI cations and [Ag2]2+ units are bridged by fluconazole ligands to form 2D Ag-fcz layers, and these layers are further connected by [beta-Mo8O26]4- anions to form a complicated 3D structure with the topology of (7(2).8(1))2(7(3).8(3))(7(2).8(11).10(1).12(1))2. Thermogravimetric analyses for these compounds are also discussed in detail. The complexes exhibit antitumor activity in vitro, as shown by MTT experiments.

Hydrolysis of dibenzyltin dichloride in ethanol has been found to give an unprecedented carbonate anion (CO(3) (2-))-bridged double-ladder organooxotin cluster, [(R(2)SnO)(3)(R(2)SnOH)(2)(CO(3))](2) (1, R = C(6)H(5)CH(2)), with five tin atoms in each ladder. With the aim of obtaining organooxotin clusters with large cavities suitable for host-guest chemistry, we used 1,1'-ferrocenedicarboxylic acid (H(2)L(a)) and hexanedioic acid (H(2)L(b)) to replace the carbonate anions (CO(3) (2-)), and thereby clusters [(R(2)SnO)(3)(R(2)SnOH)(2)L(a)](2) (2) and [(R(2)SnO)(3)(R(2)SnOH)(2)L(b)](2) (3) were obtained. When 1 was treated with benzoic acid (HL(c)) in different stoichiometric ratios (1:4, 1:10), ladder cluster (R(2)SnO)(3)(R(2)SnOH)(2)(L(c))(2) (4) and drum cluster [RSn(O)L(c)](6) (5) were obtained. Through the hydrolysis of Cy(2)SnCl(2) (Cy = C(6)H(11)) and (C(6)H(5)CH(2))(2)SnCl(2), two interesting ethanolate-modified clusters [Cy(2)(C(2)H(5)O)SnOSn(C(2)H(5)O)Cy(2)](2) (6) and [(R(2)SnO)(3)(R(2)SnOH)(R(2)SnOC(2)H(5))(CO(3))](2) (7) were obtained. All the tin atoms in these ladder clusters are five-coordinate surrounded by two alkyl groups and three O atoms, and have distorted trigonal-bipyramidal coordination environments with two carbon atoms and one O atom in the equatorial positions and two O atoms in the axial positions. The structures of all these compounds have been established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses.

Objective: To obtain purified deletion mutant of plasminogen kringle 5 (K5) using gene mutation and genetic recombination methods and assess its anti-angiogenic activity in vitro., Methods: A deletion mutant of K5 was obtained by deleting 15 amino acids from K5 while retaining all the 3 disulfide bonds. This K5 mutant (Mut1) was expressed in E. coli and affinity purified. The inhibition effect of K5 Mut1 on primary retinal capillary endothelial cells and pericytes from the same origin was assessed by MTT assay., Results: The K5 Mut1 inhibited the proliferation of primary retinal capillary endothelial cells in a concentration-dependent manner, with an apparent half-inhibition concentration (EC(50)) of approximately 35 nmol/L, which was 2-fold more potent than intact K5. In the same concentration range, this peptide did not inhibit pericytes from the same origin, suggesting an endothelial cell-specific inhibition., Conclusion: This K5 deletion mutant is a more potent angiogenic inhibitor than K5 and may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of such disorders with abnormal neovascularization as diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration and solid tumor.

A novel coordination polymer [[Cu(L(1))(L(2))(H(2)O)].5H(2)O](n) (1), where L(1) =1,1'-(1,4-butanediyl)bis(imidazole) and L(2) = m-phthalate anion, has been obtained by using an unusual crystallization process. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pna2(1), which belongs to the crystal class mm2, with a = 9.0521(18), b = 15.401(3), and c = 17.141(3) A, alpha = beta = gamma = 90 degrees, V = 2389.7(8) A(3), and Z = 4. The complex 1 composing a porous supramolecular architecture displays unprecedented four-connected topology of an 8(6) net in coordination polymer chemistry. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) patterns for 1 are discussed in detail.

The self-assembly of three crystallographically distinct fumarate ions, two unique cobalt(II) ions and two unique o-phenanthroline molecules results in a two-dimensional polymeric structure with the formula [Co(2)(C(4)H(2)O(4))(2)(C(12)H(8)N(2))(2)](n), namely di-mu-fumatato-bis(o-phenanthroline)dicobalt(II). The Co atoms are at the nodes of a two-dimensional array linked by coordinated fumarate ligands. Each Co atom is coordinated in a distorted octahedral manner to four fumarate O atoms and two N atoms from the chelating phenanthroline ligands.

Objective: To examine the direct effect of high glucose levels on primary cultured human retinal capillary endothelial cells (HRCEC)., Methods: HRCECs were isolated from donated eyes and cultured for 6 days in the media containing 5 or 25 mmol/L glucose. The cell viability was determined by trypan blue exclusion assay and cell cycle analyzed by flow cytometry, with the cell apoptosis assayed by TUNEL method., Results: The cell viability was significantly decreased after exposure to 25 mmol/L glucose, and the number of apoptotic cells determined by flow cytometry and TUNEL was significantly increased in response to high-dose glucose treatment., Conclusion: High-dose glucose induces apoptosis in HRCEC, which may contribute to the development of diabetic retinopathy.

In the crystal structure of the title compound, (NH(4))[AsO(2)(OH)(C(6)H(4)NO(2))], the 4-nitrophenylarsonate anions and ammonium cations are linked through hydrogen bonds to form infinite chains along the b axis. The hydroxyl O atom of the 4-nitrophenylarsonate anion acts as both an acceptor and a donor of hydrogen bonds. All atoms are located in general positions.