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Human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cells were entrapped between two bovine serum albumin cylinders linked by glutaraldehyde using microhematocrit tubes. The "sandwiched" specimen could be processed in further preparatory steps like tissue for routine electron microscopy. This rapid procedure resulted in adequate cell preservation for transmission electron microscopy without substantial loss of CSF cells.

Pulsatile wave patterns in basal cerebral arteries were studied by means of transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) in 11 patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) surgery. Different physiological states and technical parameters were demonstrated influencing wave forms delivered from a pulsatile CPB roller pump. The results gave evidence of the variability of pulsatile perfusion which may explain the inconsistency in the literature concerning its effectiveness in preserving tissue function. TCD proved to be a useful approach to define pulsatility of cerebral blood flow during CPB.

Lactic acid concentration has been determined in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 715 patients suffering from various neurological diseases. It was found to be most often elevated in cases of ischemic cerebral infarction, cerebral contusion, arteriosclerotic dementia, metastatic encephalitis, bacterial meningitis, menigiosis carcinomatosa and after epileptic seizures. In fewer cases lactate levels were increased with brain tumors, encephalitis, viral meningitis and radiculitis. Diagnostic relevance of CSF lactic acid determination is discussed with regard to ischemic cerebral disorders, differential diagnosis of viral and bacterial meningitis and for the confirmation of epileptic seizures.