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Equine endometria representative of Kenney's categories I, II, and III were incubated in vitro with phosphate buffer, Streptococcus pneumoniae, or S zooepidemicus. Endometrial tissues from mares in estrus and diestrus were first categorized according to Kenney's classification, then were tested for adherence of S pneumoniae and S zooepidemicus to the epithelia. Bacteria were not observed when the endometrial tissue was incubated with phosphate buffer or S pneumoniae. There was no statistical difference in attachment of S zooepidemicus to endometrial tissue from mares in estrus or diestrus if endometrial classification was ignored. However, bacterial attachment was significantly (P < or = 0.05) higher in category III endometrium during estrus.

One-hundred cases submitted to percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) with Chiba's needle were studied. Success rate was 93%, with 100% success in patients with dilated ducts and 78.8% in those with normal ducts. One false-positive result was noticed due to air injection into bile duct in the beginning of the procedure. Complications were seen in 8 cases, without fatalities ascribed to the PTC itself, nor emergency laparotomy was necessary in these cases.