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During a study of the nutrition and feeding behavior of the large milkweed bug, Oncopeltus fasciatus (Dallas), it was observed that the insect was found to feed readily on powdered cellulose that had been moistened with water and covered with the coat of a milkweed seed. Cellulose was considered inert from the standpoint of both nutrition and chemoreception; feeding must have been induced by chemosensory factors associated with the seed coat. After milkweed bug nymphs had fed for several hours, the powdered cellulose was found to contain relatively large quantities of their salivary secretions. Using this “fed cellulose,” a number of experiments were run to determine some of the characteristics of salivary secretions.

The etiology of acute and chronic tonsilitis seems settled in the minds of all pathologists, but my experience points to a cause entirely overlooked by all the authors that I have consulted. Super-acidity of the prima viae is in my opinion the essential cause of both the acute and the chronic disease, the catarrhal accidents being merely excitors. I think that in every case of acute or chronic inflammation of these glands the salivary secretions will be found acid instead of alkaline, and that free doses of potassium or soda locally applied and ingested will give most rapid relief. The anatomy of the tonsil is well understood, but the great variation in the size and number of excretory ducts has not been particularly pointed out. These ducts are greatly enlarged in either acute or chronic hypertrophy of the glandular structure unless contracted by astringent or caustic applications. Since the general

While this paper has special reference to the etiology of hay fever, it is necessary to go into the chemistry and pathology of the saliva and nasal secretions before taking up the special subject.In doing this, I take the liberty of quoting from my pievious papers on the subject. In the chemic study of the nasal and salivary secretions we may conveniently classify them under three varieties: First, secretions, non-irritatingper se, which on exposure (when coming to the surface) undergo some chemic change producing an irritant; this may be noted in either an acid or alkaline secretion. As I will show later, an exceedingly alkaline secretion is decidedly more irritating and productive of a more destructive pathologic process than even a strongly acid secretion Second, secretions which are irritatingper sewhen poured out on the surface. Third, secretions which come to the surface in a non-irritating form

Several recent papers have indicated that a relationship exists between the clinical course of cancer and the blood-group substance secretor factor in saliva. 1,2 An etiologic relation in 88 cases of primary bronchogenic carcinoma in the Salt Lake City area described a distinct lack of nonsecretors. 3 To confirm this finding, an analysis was conducted of the frequency of this particular genetic factor occurring in a series of patients with various cancers at the Lemuel Shattuck Hospital. Methods In 1966, studies were made on 195 patients with cancer who admitted to the Lemuel Shattuck Hospital. Blood-group analysis and salivary-secretor status were obtained; an analysis of the clinical course of the patient was made. Five milliliters of saliva was collected; standard techniques were used for treatment of saliva and for testing it with an extract of Ulex europaeus . 4 All nonsecretor saliva was retested with the extract and with 0 cells.

In my previous papers1 I have taken up the general subject of the saliva and the importance of its chemistry in relation to disease.This paper, then, will be devoted more to observations, conclusions, laboratory technic and treatment. That many deductions can be made, both from a standpoint of diagnosis and treatment, by the examination of the salivary secretion, I think, has been proved beyond a doubt. The information thus gained is not at all limited to hay fever and allied conditions. However, in hay fever, ragweed fever, rye fever, horse fever, rose cold, lithemic rhinitis, etc., the examination of the saliva is most useful from the standpoint of etiology and treatment. The three conditions, excess of alkalinity, excess of acidity, and the neutral condition, each play an important part and each produce a different line of symptoms. The treatment under such conditions also varies greatly. This physiologic and so

For measuring salivation in dogs, the classical procedure of Pavlov is not adequate under free behaving conditions, because it requires a restraint of the animal's movements. A new simple method was developed to estimate salivary secretion in conditional reflex and sleeping state with simultaneous recordings of other physiological responses.

When injected into the haemolymph of a pentatomid plant bug, cysteine labelled with 35S was transferred to the salivary glands and was there incorporated as cysteine-cystine into the precursors of the salivary "stylet sheath". Cysteine did not appear to be converted into methionine either in the haemolymph or in the salivary glands. Some of the injected cysteine was incorporated into soluble protein or peptide in the haemolymph and salivary secretions, some was excreted as cysteine and cystine, and some was deaminated in the haemolymph and was also found in this form in the salivary glands and excreta.

I. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE PROBLEM The human salivary glands are among the most complex of all the glands of the body. They are relatively poorly understood, and many controversial issues have sprung up about their mechanisms, secretions and functions. The many inconsistencies in data in the literature are probably due in great part to the differences in technic which were used for the collection and study of their secretions. This is particularly true of the parotid glands. Therefore, the history of knowledge of the secretory reactions of the human parotid glands resolves itself to a large extent into a story of methodologic changes. From 1832, when Mitscherlich1reported his first observations on human parotid secretion, till 1916 there were two methods used for the collection of isolated salivary secretions. These were direct collections from fistulas and collection by the use of cannulation. Six physicians who had patients with

PRELIMINARY observations have shown that when sodium ethyl, 3 : 3 dimethylallylbarbiturate was administered to dogs and cats, it produced a marked stimulation of gastric and salivary secretion. The stimulation appeared to be of central rather than peripheral origin1–3.

All results were obtained from laboratory colonies which have been carefully studied during the past three years. Many of these results have been verified by field observations.At every stage in the life-cycle of any caste where wood is eaten, protozoa are present. When wood is not eaten or obtained in some way, protozoa are never present.Second and third form young adults have lost the ability to eat wood. The protozoa in these castes disappear concomitantly with the loss of the ability of their host to feed on wood, and by the time the wood-eating ability is lost, they have all disappeared. This occurs about the time of the final molt and is perhaps brought about by the feeding of salivary secretions which take the place of the wood diet. In all castes, the protozoa are lost during molting, but they are soon regained, except in the final molt of the second and third forms, in which forms they are never regained because, owing perhaps to the degeneration of their jaw muscles, these forms have lost the ab...

To the Editor:— Our interest in salivary secretion of mucopolysaccharides in cancer developed from Dr. McNeil's publication in Nature ( 208 :299, 1965), in which he reported that the nonsecretor frequency in bronchogenic carcinoma was approximately 5.7%, a remarkable decrease in expected frequency in a normal population. Despite the skewing of the frequency of nonsecretors with blood type O in bronchogenic carcinoma in our studies, in an analysis which now exceeds 120 patients with that disease, we find the same frequency of nonsecretors as we reported in our paper. Even were we to postulate a 10% error in blood type O patients, which far surpasses the 1% to 3% of aberrant secretors to be expected in any population, this would not change the indication that the frequency of nonsecretors in bronchogenic carcinoma is nowhere near the level that Dr. McNeil reported in his paper, and approaches the frequency of a normal