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To determine the existence of diabetes mellitus in patients with tuberculosis and to study the effect of coexistent diabetes mellitus on tuberculosis outcome under programmatic conditions. Out of 280 tuberculosis cases registered, 183(65.3%) were males & 97 (34.6%) were females. Approximately two third (58%) of the patients were in the age group of 31 - 60 years. Majority of the patients (61.7%) belonged to lower and lower middle socio-economic class. 69% of the registered patients were sputum positive. Sputum positivity was found to be higher among males. 23 patients (8.2%) were found to be diabetic comprising of 15 males and 8 females. The outcome of tuberculosis did not differ significantly in patients having coexistent diabetes mellitus.8.2% of the tuberculosis patients had coexistent diabetes mellitus.The effect of coexistent diabetes mellitus on tuberculosis outcome under programmatic conditions was not found to be significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The scopoletin one of the major bioactive components of Convolvulus prostratus Forssk known to have a role in acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, memory enhancer, antimicrobial, antioxidative etc. properties are investigated in the present study. The concentration of scopoletin in C. prostratus is investigated in leaf, stem and root at different growth stages of plant development viz., 30, 45, 60 and 90 days after sowing (DAS). A highly sensitive LC-MS method was developed to quantify the scopoletin even at low concentration with LOD and LOQ of 8 and 24 ng/ml, respectively. The highest quantity of scopoletin was recorded in stem (732 μg/g dry weight) and leaf (650 μg/g dry weight) collected 90 DAS whereas lowest was recorded at 45 DAS in leaf (90.00 μg/g dry weight) and Stem (110 μg/g dry weight). Based on the highest and lowest concentration of scopoletin in stem and root tissues at 45 and 90 DAS were selected for transcriptome study. Differential gene expression analysis revealed the differential expression of genes involved in scopoletin biosynthesis. Seven genes viz., phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), 4-coumarate CoA ligase (4CL), trans-cinnamate 4-monooxygenase (TCM), shikimate O- hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (C3'H), 5-O-4-coumaroyl-D-quinate 3'-monooxygenase (HCT), caffeoyl-CoA-O-methyltransferase (CCoAOMT) and feruloyl-CoA 6'-hydroxylase (F6'H) were identified in the phenyl propanoid pathway. Expression of the novel enzyme F6′H showed down regulation in both tissues at 45 DAS. Real-time PCR showed a correlation with the expression of this F6′H genes with the accumulation of scopoletin at 90 DAS. This indicated that the growth stage of plant and expression of F6′H control the scopoletin accumulation in Convolvulus. The results of present investigation may useful in pharmaceutical, drug and cosmetic industries that the harvesting of plant part especially stem of C. prostratus at 90 DAS to get maximum quantity of scopoletin. Also, the novel gene F6′H need to be further characterized to understand its expression dynamics so that scopoletin content can be increase at the highest. Image 1 • Quantified scopoletin in root, stem and leaves of C. prostratus at the different growth stage. • Stem and root of 90 days older plant showed the maximum scopoletin. • Lowest scopoletin content was observed at 45 DAS in all tissues. • Transcriptome and real time gene expression in root and stem were carried out. • F6′H gene found key enzyme in regulation of scopoletin content in convolvulus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Safe Surgery Saves Lives. Patient safety is a fundamental of good quality health care, and complications due to the health-care system are well-documented and constitute an important public health problem. Implementation of the checklist in medicine and surgery can help to decrease the risk of adverse events thus can improve patient safety., Materials and Methods: After the Institutional Ethical Committee clearance, a total of 500 patients were enrolled and divided into two equal groups. In Group 1 ( n = 250), patients underwent surgery before regular implementation of the World Health Organization (WHO) surgical safety checklist (SSC), whereas in Group 2 ( n = 250), patients underwent surgery after the WHO SSC was regularly implemented. All the patients were followed up after the surgery, and patients were looked for and compared for the postoperative complications., Results: We found that 27 patients (10.8%) in Group 1 and 13 patients (5.2%) in Group 2 developed major wound disruption ( P < 0.05). There were 73 patients (29.2%) in Group 1 and 34 patients (13.6%) in the Group 2 who developed an infection of the surgical site ( P < 0.05). There were five patients (2%) in Group 1 while none of the patients in Group 2 developed sepsis during the study ( P < 0.05)., Conclusions: We found that implementation of the WHO SSC significantly reduces surgical site infections, major disruptions of the wound, and sepsis., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2019 Nigerian Journal of Surgery.)

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic bacterial infection caused by M. Tuberculosis. Studies of antibody response in TB have focussed mainly on their usefulness as a diagnostic serological tool, with little attention given to analysis of antibodies at the isotype and subclass level in relation to disease pathogenesis. Hence the present study was done to analyse IgG subclass response at different stages of tuberculosis, in order to understand the immunological events associated with disease development., Material/methods: Sera samples were collected from 104 subjects: 79 tuberculosis patients (fresh, relapse and chronic cases) and 25 healthy normals. IgG subclass antibody response was analysed by indirect plate peroxidase ELISA against previously reported mycobacterial serine protease (ES-31) antigen., Results: Fresh cases of tuberculosis showed increased IgG1 and IgG3 antibodies, while a few cases showed moderately increased IgG2. IgG1 and IgG3 were found to be elevated with increased bacillary load. Relapse and chronic cases showed increased IgG1 and IgG3, while positivity to IgG2 was decreased. Chronic cases showed a moderate increase in IgG4 antibody. Thus IgG1 and IgG3 were predominant in all forms of tuberculosis., Conclusions: The elevated levels of IgG1 and IgG3 antibodies to mycobacterial serine protease in active tuberculosis observed in this study provide an additional marker for diagnosis of tuberculosis. Furthermore, the higher level of these antibodies with high bacillary load patients and in chronic cases of tuberculosis may provide valuable insight into their possible role in disease progression.