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Po uvodnem delu smo v diplomskem delu predstavili metodološki pristop pri nastajanju dela. Opisali smo predmet in cilje, teze in uporabljene metode, ki smo jih uporabili v diplomskem delu. Nadalje smo opredelili osnovne pojme. V diplomskem delu so pomembni naslednji pojmi: kraja, rop, vlom, goljufija, vandalizem, požar, puščanje vode in puščanje plina. Pred izdelavo študije primera smo morali raziskati sisteme tehničnega varovanja, kot so: - mehansko varovanje, - odkrivanje, javljanje in avtomatsko gašenje požarov, - detekcijsko merjenje gorljivih plinov, - odkrivanje in javljanje v varnostno-nadzorni center ob vlomu ali ropu, - videonadzor, - pristopna kontrola, - pripomočki za elektronski nadzor blaga pred krajo, - kontrola ponarejenih bankovcev. Prav tako smo raziskali fizično varovanje podjetij (varnostnik, intervencija in odvoz denarja). V šestem poglavju je opravljena študija primera varnostnega sistema v trgovskem objektu Elektronabava, d. o. o. Diplomsko delo se zaključi z verifikacijo tez in povzetka glavnih ugotovitev in predlogov za večjo varnost v podjetju. The introductory part of the thesis presents the methodological approach used in the research. It defines the topic and goals, hypotheses and methods applied. Moreover, it describes the basic notions, which include: theft, robbery, burglary, fraud, vandalism, fire, water and gas leak. Before turning to the case study, we explored the following technical security systems: - mechanical security, - detection, reporting and automatic fire extinguishing, - combustible gas detection, - detection and reporting to the security control centre in case of burglary or robbery, - video surveillance, - access control, - anti-theft electronic control of goods, - counterfeit money control. The thesis also touches on providing physical security to companies (security guard, intervention and money transport). The sixth chapter contains the case study examining the security system on the retail property of Elektronabava d. o. o. The thesis concludes with a verification of hypotheses and a summary of findings and suggestions for improving security in the company.

Varnost je dobrina, ki postaja vedno bolj cenjena. Velikokrat se ne zavedamo kaj vse bi se lahko zgodilo, če bi zatajile službe, ki opravljajo varnostne naloge na različnih področjih našega življenja. V diplomski nalogi smo podrobneje predstavili upravičenja varnostnikov in občinskih redarjev. Pogledali smo kako so se razvijali skozi zgodovino, katere ukrepe in pooblastila uporabljajo pri svojem delu, njihove naloge in kakšen je nadzor, da delo poteka v skladu z zakoni in da so njihove naloge opravljene profesionalno in strokovno. Prav tako smo obdelali tudi načela katera morajo upoštevati pri svojem delu, da nalogo opravijo strokovno in profesionalno. Predstavili smo tudi nadzor nad varnostniki in občinskimi redarji in kakšne so posledice ob neupoštevanju zakona pri izvajanju upravičenj in nalog, ki so jim zadane. Security is a commodity that is becoming increasingly appreciated. Many of us are not aware of what could happen, if security services stopped performing their role. In paper we presented the entitlement of security and community wardens. We looked at how they have evolved through history, which measures and powers are they using among their work, and what are their functions. We took closer look at inside work control which resoults that tasks are carried out professionally. On the other hand we have defined the principles that must be taken into account in their daily work. Furthermore, we presented methods of supervision over security guards and municipal wardens and possible consequences of disregarding the law in the exercise of entitlements and set tasks.

V podjetju Vargas-al, d. o. o. imamo nalogo, da s posodobitvijo varnostno-nadzornega centra izboljšamo konkurenčnost podjetja, zato bo v tem diplomskem delu največja pozornost namenjena analizi trga, na podlagi katere bo izbrana določena tehnološka oprema, pa tudi postavitvi infrastrukture za pošiljanje varnostnih signalov, sprejem in obdelavo teh podatkov. Predstavljena bosta delovanje takšnega centra in obdelava varnostnih signalov od varovanega objekta do prikaza tega v varnostno-nadzornem centru. Diplomsko delo bo govorilo tudi o pridobitvah s posodobitvami in nekoliko manj o splošnih pravilih ter splošnih zakonskih določilih, vendar se vse aktivnosti nahajajo znotraj standardov in zakonskih določil. S samostojnim pristopom smo znižali ceno investicije, predvsem pa pridobili znanja za nadaljnje vzdrževanje. Dodobra smo spoznali novo opremo, ki jo kot ponudnik moramo obvladovati. Hkrati smo odpravili napake in poenostavili določene procese, ki se po posodobitvi izvajajo samodejno. Vsi v podjetju smo ponosni na rezultate, ki so že vidni, s posodobitvijo pa smo resnično obogatili našo ponudbo. The goal of our company, Vargas-Al, d. o. o, is to raise our level of competitiveness by upgrading our security control center that is why most of this diploma thesis is based on market analysis and the technological gear suitable for this market. First of all, the creation of infrastructure for sending security signals, their reception as well as processing is also discussed. What is more, the inner workings and processing of security signals sent from the object under supervision to their display in the security control center are also described in detail. We also present the gains made possible by these upgrades and briefly list the basic rules and legal provisions. We must emphasize, however, that all the activities are within the framework and standards of the law. We managed to reduce the costs of investments by helping independently but, most importantly, we also gained valuable skills for further maintenance. We also had the opportunity to achieve better understating of new hardware as well as test it which is crucial for any provider. Furthermore, we also simplified certain tasks which now perform automatically. All the employees of our company are very proud of the obtained results since we have certainly improved the supply by the help of our upgrades.

Varnostni menedžer je kompleksen poklic, ki razen osnovnega znanja, ki ga pridobi na specializiranih visokošolskih programih, potrebuje za svoje delo večletne izkušnje na podobnih ali nižje zahtevnih delovnih mestih. V nekaj preteklih letih se je pričelo selektivno usposabljanje za pridobitev naziva varnostni menedžer, saj je postala potreba po tovrstnih poklicih z razvojem varovanja v zasebnem in državnem sektorju precejšnja. Ministrstvo za delo, družino, socialne zadeve in enake možnosti je v svojem Katalogu strokovnih znanj za potrebe varnostnega menedžerja precej natančno opredelilo ves nabor znanj, izkušenj in spretnosti, ki bi jih naj varnostni menedžer obvladoval pred nastopom svojega dela v delovni organizaciji. Pri delu varnostnega menedžerja obstaja precej meril, ki jih mora oseba primerna za varnostnega menedžerja še posebej natančno upoštevati. Predvsem pa mora natančno poznati zakonodajo na področju varovanja ter poznati ukrepe in dolžnosti varnostnikov, ki delujejo v sistemu varovanja. Pri delu je predvsem pomembna zmožnost povezave teorije s prakso, kar privede k večji učinkovitosti in natančnosti izvajanja varovanja podjetij v vseh njenih aspektih. Varnostni menedžer mora razen povezovanja teorije s prakso obvladovati tudi poznavanje tehnologije, ki mu je na voljo pri opravljanju njegove dejavnosti. Ker mu organizacija dela in nadzor podrejenih ne sme biti tuj, pa ga v vsakdanji praksi in profesionalnosti veže tudi poklicna etika, ki je opredeljena v zakonskih in podzakonskih aktih. V podjetju je varnostni menedžer neprecenljiv pri pripravi celovite strategije varovanja, ki obsega: • zbiranje podatkov in informacij o varnostnih situacijah, • izdelovanje analiz o stanju varnosti v podjetju, • izdelovanje ocen ogroženosti, • izdelovanje stopenj tveganja v skladu s standardi, • izdelovanje programov varovanja, • izdelovanje fizičnih načrtov varovanja, • predlaga izboljšave na področju varovanja, itd. Security maneger is complex profession, that besides basic knowladge, that is acquired on specialized higher Educational programs, needs for his work a lot of experiance on field or in low complex jobs. Few years ago has started selective training for titile security manager, because the need for that kind of jobs become substantial, with development of security in private and national sector. Ministry of Labour, Family, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities has in his Catalog of expert knowled for security maneger exact defined all set of knowladge, experiance and skills, that a security maneger schould have before he appeare his work at the working organisation. Fot the work of security manager there are a lot of standards, that suatable person for security manager must exactly consider. Especially he must know the laws on field of protection, know the measures and obligations of security guard, that works in protection system. At work it is important his ability to link theory with practice, that leads to bigger effectiveness and accuracy of protection company in all aspects. Secutity manager must besides linking of theory with practice, have also the knowladge of technologies, that is at his desposal at his working activity. Because organisation of his work and control of subordinates must not be foreign for him, he is in his everyday practice and profesionality bound by working ethics, that is defined in laws and executive act. In company security manager is priceless at preparing the strategy of protection, that covers: • collection of data and information about security situations, • making analysis about condition of security in company, • making assasment of treats, • making rate risk acording to standards, • making security programs and making physical plans of securuty, • make proposals about improvments on secutity area, etc.

Namen magistrske naloge je, da z analizo občinskih programov varnosti vseh treh občin v Zasavju, analizo podatkov kaznivih dejanj in drugih virov ogrožanja ter intervjujev z občinskimi svetniki na območju Zasavja, definiramo potrebe po pluralni policijski dejavnosti v statistični regiji Zasavje. V teoretičnem delu magistrske naloge smo z deskriptivno metodo ter analizo domače in tuje literature opisali pojme in dejstva pluralne policijske dejavnosti ter predstavili zgodovinsko in geografsko ozadje vseh treh občin v Zasavju. V drugem, empiričnem delu, je poudarek bolj na analitičnem pristopu, kjer smo z zbiranjem, primerjavo in obdelavo podatkov iz javnih virov, uradnih evidenc, zakonov, strokovne literature, spletnih strani in intervjujev z občinskimi svetniki iz občin Hrastnik, Trbovlje in Zagorja ob Savi, definirali potrebe po pluralni policijski dejavnosti v Zasavju. Ugotovili smo, da občinski svetniki v Zasavju niso v celoti seznanjeni s konceptom pluralne policijske dejavnosti, ter da je socialno stanje v Zasavju zaskrbljujoče, kar predstavlja pereč varnostni problem. Naša najpomembnejša in ključna ugotovitev te magistrske naloge je, da v Zasavju obstajajo potrebe po pluralni policijski dejavnosti. The purpose of the master's thesis is to determine the needs for plural policing in the statistical region of Zasavje through analysis of municipal programmes of all three of Zasavje's municipalities and analysis of criminal activity and other causes of threatening security along with interviews with local councilors in the area of Zasavje. In the theoretical part of the thesis we have, using the descriptive method and analysing domestic as well as foreign literature, described concepts and facts of plural policing and presented the geographical together with historical background of all three municipalities in Zasavje. In the second, empirical part, the focus was on analytical approach, which helped us to determine the needs for plural policing in Zasavje through collecting, comparing and processing data from public sources, official records, expert literature, websites and interviews with local councilors from municipalities of Hrastnik, Trbovlje and Zagorje ob Savi. We came to a conclusion that local councilors in Zasavje are not entirely familiar with the concept of plural policing and that the social situation in Zasavje is worrisome, which in itself is a topical security isseue. The most important and vital finding of this master's thesis is that in Zasavje needs for plural policing do exist.

Področje detektivske dejavnosti, ki je opredeljena kot dejavnost zbiranja, obdelave, posredovanja podatkov in informacij ter svetovanja na področju preprečevanja kaznivih ravnanj, je urejeno v Zakonu o detektivski dejavnosti. Zakon taksativno določa delovna področja, o katerih lahko detektiv za naročnika pridobiva podatke in informacije, med drugim lahko pridobiva tudi informacije o delu pod vplivom alkohola ali drog. Podjetja za raziskovanje tovrstnih disciplinskih kršitev svojih zaposlenih vse pogosteje pooblastijo detektive. Sodelovanje med detektivom in podjetji je v primerih ugotavljanja dela pod vplivom alkohola pogosto. Čeprav ni predpisa, ki bi postopek in način ugotavljanja alkoholiziranosti celovito določal, smo priča dolgoletni praksi ugotavljanja alkoholiziranosti. S sodno presojo so se izoblikovali kriteriji zakonitosti, ki določajo možne načine ugotavljanja alkoholiziranosti, kdo lahko alkoholiziranost ugotavlja, potrebno usposobljenost za ravnanje z napravo (alkoskopom), sprejemljive naprave ter njihovo tehnično brezhibnost. Izjemno redko pa detektivi pridobivajo informacije o delu pod vplivom drog. Sodne prakse, kjer bi bili zajeti primeri, ko bi delodajalec oz. v njegovem imenu detektiv ugotavljal delo pod vplivom prepovedanih drog, še ni. Problematika ugotavljanja in dokazovanja dela pod vplivom prepovedanih drog je prisotna, delodajalcem in detektivom pa pušča mnoga odprta vprašanja, saj ni pravnega predpisa, ki bi omenjeno področje celovito urejal. Zaradi pomanjkanja predpisov, ki bi določali kriterije potrebne strokovnosti in zakonitosti, diplomsko delo skuša operacionalizirati celoten postopek in način pridobivanja informacij o delu pod vplivom prepovedanih drog, ki bi bil v največji meri namenjen delodajalcem in detektivom kot zunanjim pooblaščenim izvajalcem. Področje ugotavljanja dela pod vplivom prepovedanih drog je zahtevnejše od ugotavljanja alkoholiziranosti, zato je treba pristopiti k vsaj delni normativni ureditvi tega področja. The Detective Activities Act regulates detective activities, which are defined as the collection, processing and transmission of data and information, and the provision of advice on crime prevention. The Act exhaustively defines the areas in which the private detective can gather data and information for the client, which also includes information about work under the influence of alcohol or drugs. It appears that companies increasingly authorise detectives to gather information about various disciplinary offences. Cooperation between the private detective and the client is very common during investigations of work under the influence of alcohol. Despite the absence of a thorough regulation of the procedure and manner of determining alcohol intoxication, there is a long-standing practice of determining such intoxication. However, a number of criteria of legality have been developed through judicial review – different ways to determine alcohol intoxication, who can determine it, the capacity to use the device (breathalyser), acceptable devices and their technical condition. It is important to note that detectives rarely acquire information about work under the influence of drugs. Case law involving cases of employers (and detectives) investigating work under the influence of illegal drugs does not exist. The issue of determining and proving work under the influence of illegal drugs is actually very difficult because both employers and detectives are left with many questions due to the lack of a legislative provision that would fully regulate the area. The lack of legislative provisions establishing the necessary criteria of professional competence and legality prompted us to operationalise the entire process of acquiring information about work under the influence of illegal drugs. It would be primarily intended for employers and detectives as authorised external service providers. A respected detective and an expert witness in the field of forensic toxicology and alcoholometry also provided their opinions and guidelines. We believe that investigation of work under the influence of illegal drugs is more demanding than investigation of alcohol-related offences. To this end, we advocate at least a partial regulatory framework of this area.

Varnost je ena izmed osnovnih človeških potreb, vendar ni več dosegljiva vsakomur. Zasebno varovanje je tako postalo del vseh javnih in zasebnih ustanov. Delo varnostnikov je odgovorno in od njih zahteva, da ga opravijo zakonito, učinkovito in hitro ter v skladu z Zakonom o zasebnem varovanju. Kompetenčni center za izobraževanje, izpopolnjevanje in usposabljanje varnostnega osebja, ki deluje v okviru Čas – Zasebne šole za varnostno izobraževanje d.o.o., ima namen z notranjimi, obdobnimi in specialističnimi usposabljanji, izboljšati strokovno znanje varnostnikov. Namen magistrskega dela je proučiti poznavanje ukrepov in drugih sredstev varnostnikov pred in po notranjem usposabljanju. Prav tako bomo raziskovali zadovoljstvo varnostnikov s poklicno kariero in njihovo zadovoljstvo z notranjim usposabljanjem ter kako se njihova mnenja razlikujejo glede na starost, izobrazbo in delovno dobo. V teoretičnem delu magistrskega dela smo predstavili teoretična izhodišča in Kompetenčni center za izobraževanje, izpopolnjevanje in usposabljanje varnostnega osebja. V empiričnem delu pa smo na podlagi analiz z anketo zbranih podatkov ugotovili, da varnostniki slabo poznajo svoje ukrepe in druga sredstva, notranje usposabljanje pa jim je to znanje občutno izboljšalo. Varnostniki so bili z notranjim usposabljanjem zelo zadovoljni dobra polovica je zadovoljnih s svojo poklicno kariero: bolj so zadovoljni starejši, manj izobraženi in dalj časa delujoči kolegi. Security remains one of the basic human needs, but it is not any longer accessible to everybody. Private security has become part of every public and private institution. The work of security officers is very demanding and full of responsibilities. They have to do it legally, efficiently, fast and in compliance with the Private Security Act. The Competence Centre for education, ongoing training, and training of security personnel works within Čas, which is a Private school for security education, offers internal, periodical and specialized training courses with a purpose to improve expert knowledge of security officers. The aim of this master thesis is to collect information about the knowledge of actions and other means of security officers before and after internal training. The research will also be made to investigate how security officers are satisfied with their career, how they are satisfied with the internal education and if opinions of security officers differ in coherence with their age, gender and years of work. The theoretical part of the thesis presents the theoretical starting points and the Security Competence Centre itself, such as on going training and training of security personnel. In the empirical part of the thesis presents the analysed data collected by a survey. We found out that the security officers have poor knowledge about their actions and other means before internal training and that it is significantly improved after the training. The satisfaction with the internal education is very high. Regarding security officers' job satisfaction, only slightly more than a half security officers are satisfied with their career: more satisfied are older coleagues with a longer career but lower education level.

S sprejetjem novega Zakona o detektivski dejavnosti leta 2011 se je detektivom delovno področje precej razširilo. Na podlagi novega zakona lahko detektivi pridobivajo informacije o pogrešanih osebah, povzročiteljih premoženjske in nepremoženjske škode, anonimnih pisanjih, dolžnikih, izgubljenih predmetih, spoštovanju konkurenčne klavzule, uspešnosti poslovnih subjektov, kaznivih dejanjih, ki se preganjajo na zasebno tožbo in dokaznem gradivu za naročnike. Z novimi področji dela detektivov, pa se postavlja vprašanje, ali detektivi svoje delo opravljajo v okviru zakonodaje. S tem mislimo predvsem na upoštevanje posameznikove pravice do zasebnosti. V diplomski nalogi smo preučevali končane sodne spise, pri katerih so dokazno gradivo zbrali detektivi. Sodni spis je celota vseh pisanj in njegovih prilog, ki se v okviru istovrstnih zadev nanašajo na isti subjekt. Večina sodnih spisov, katere smo predelali, so se nanašali na področje kršitev bolniške odsotnosti. Zbiranje podatkov od oseb ali iz javno dostopnih virov, uporaba tehničnih sredstev in osebna zaznava so metode dela, katerih se detektivi pri svojem delu največkrat poslužujejo. Za zbiranje dokaznega gradiva detektivi največkrat uporabljajo tehnična sredstva za slikovno in video snemanje. Ali sodišča v sodnih postopkih upoštevajo dokaze, katere so zbrali detektivi tekom dela, pa je odvisno od tega, ali so dokazi zbrani v okviru zakonodaje in ali so dokazi dovolj kvalitetni, da je iz njih mogoče identificirati kršitelja in njegovo kršitev. Raziskava je pokazala, da so sodniki v vseh sodnih postopkih sprejeli dokazno gradivo detektivov kot zakonito. To pomeni, da so detektivi v Republiki Sloveniji dobro podkovani z teoretičnim in praktičnim znanjem. Tega pa ne moramo trditi za Slovenske delodajalce. Iz raziskave smo ugotovili, da veliko število delodajalcev v pogodbe o zaposlitvi ne navede, da se lahko delavca nadzira med bolniškim staležem in da lahko delodajalec v primeru kršenja pravil pogodbe delavcu izredno ali redno odpove pogodbo o zaposlitvi. Delodajalci tudi niso upoštevali zakonskega časovnega okvirja za podajo odpovedi o zaposlitvi in pravico delavca, da se pred odpovedjo pogodbe o zaposlitvi izreče o očitani kršitvi. Prav tako bi morali delodajalci upoštevati, da pred odpovedjo pogodbe o zaposlitvi pridobijo dovoljenje inšpektorata za delo, da lahko delavcu zakonito odpovejo pogodbo o zaposlitvi ter da ne morajo odpovedati pogodbe o zaposlitvi osebam, ki so zaščitene z zakonom. In 2011, a new law was passed regarding detective work. With the Private Detective Services Act, detectives gained new entitlements. The new law allows detectives to collect information about missing people, perpetrators of pecuniary or non-pecuniary damages, anonymous letters, debtors, missing or lost objects, the adherence to the prohibition of competition and non-competition clauses, the performance and business operations of companies, offences prosecuted by private actions, and evidence. The new entitlements raise an important question: "Do detectives obey the law?" The proposed question mainly deals with the right to privacy. The practical part of this diploma thesis includes the study of completed judicial records, in which the presented evidence was collected by detectives. A judicial record consists of all documents and attachments related to the same court case. Most of court cases we considered were related to violations of 'sick leave'. Detectives use various methods when collecting information: collecting data from persons or publicly accessible sources, using technical means and engaging in surveillance. When collecting evidence, detectives usually use technical devices for capturing photographs and video recordings. Whether the courts will consider evidence collected by detectives or not depends on whether the evidence was collected within the framework of legislation and whether the perpetrator and his offence can be identified on the basis of the collected evidence. The result of the research shows that judges in judicial proceedings consider evidence presented by detectives as legally obtained. This proves that detectives in Slovenia are well-trained and educated. However, we cannot claim the same for Slovenian employers. The results of the research show that many employment contracts do not include articles on supervising the employees on sick leave and on the consequences of violating the contract. Employers often do not follow the law when terminating the employment contract: in some cases presented in the thesis, the employers terminated the contracts without informing the employees beforehand in other cases, the employers even gave notice to people protected by the law.

Zasebno varovanje v Sloveniji se je v zadnjih letih zelo razvilo. Pogoje za opravljanje zasebnega varovanja opredeljuje Zakon o zasebnem varovanju iz leta 2011. Gospodarska družba oziroma samostojni podjetniki posamezniki morajo za opravljanje zasebnovarnostnih storitev pridobiti ustrezno licenco. Toda sama licenca še ne zagotavlja kakovostne storitve. Zato sta CoESS in UNI-Europa s finančno podporo Evropske unije leta 2011 pripravili navodila za uporabnike zasebnovarnostnih storitev z naslovom »Kakovostno nakupovanje storitev zasebnega varovanja«. Navodila predstavljajo pomembnost kakovosti kot kriterija za izbiro zasebnovarnostnega podjetja. V diplomski nalogi smo želeli raziskati kriterije, na podlagi katerih se uporabniki zasebnovarnostnih storitev v Sloveniji odločajo za izbiro zasebnovarnostnega podjetja, in ugotoviti, ali so s svojo izbiro zadovoljni. Rezultati raziskave kažejo, da je večini uporabnikov pri izbiri zasebnovarnostnega podjetja pomemben kriterij kakovosti. Drugi kriteriji so: cena, uveljavljenost in sloves zasebnovarnostnega podjetja, priporočila drugih uporabnikov in samopredstavitev zasebnovarnostnih podjetij. Private security in Slovenia has highly developed in recent years. The conditions for the provision of private security services are defined in Private Security Act from 2011. A company or sole proprietors must obtain the appropriate license in order to perform private security services. However, license itself does not guarantee quality services. Therefore, in 2011 the CoESS and UNI-Europa developed manual for users of private security services »Buying quality private security services« with the financial support of the European Union. The manual is presenting the importance of quality as a criterion for the selection of private security company. In this diploma thesis we wanted to investigate on the basis of which criteria users choose the private security company and whether they are satisfied with their choice. The survey reveals show that most of the users’ choose private security companies in relation to the quality criterion. Other criteria are price, well established and well known private security companies in their region, recommendation from other companies and good self-presentation of private security companies.

V diplomskem delu smo se osredotočili na tveganja in načine varovanja povezane z igrami na srečo. Najpogostejša tveganja, ki smo jih identificirali, so rop, goljufija, interna kraja in goljufija, informacijski vdori, prekomerno pitje in pretepanje. Glede na dobljena tveganja smo poiskali aktualne načine varovanja, ki se uporabljajo pri zagotavljanju varnosti iger na srečo. Pri varovanju iger na srečo smo ugotovili, da je treba upoštevati nadaljnjo delitev iger na srečo: na posebne in klasične. Razlike med njimi so prevelike, da bi lahko govorili o enotnih taktikah varovanja. Posebne igre na srečo se morajo izvajati v igralnicah in igralnih salonih. Klasične igre na srečo nimajo te omejitve in se lahko organizirajo na javnih prireditvah, če imamo dovoljenje in izpolnjujemo predpisane pogoje. Ugotovili smo, da so klasične igre, v primerjavi s posebnimi slabše varovane ali celo brez varovanja. Za posebne igre na srečo je predpisana zakonska obveza varovanja. Čeprav so razlike med klasičnim in posebnimi igrami na srečo velike se je izkazalo, da je najprimernejša oblika varovanja kombinacija fizičnega in tehničnega varovanja. Fizično varovanje se izvaja z varnostniki na terenu. Tehnično varovanje pa s pripomočki za doseganje višje stopnje varnosti. The degree paper focuses on different risks and security measures tied to gambling security. Based on various cases, we were able to identify risks, which security personnel has to deal with on a daily basis. The most often risks are robbery, fraud, internal theft and fraud, hacking, excessive alcohol consumption and fighting. We then found different ways of securing those risks.Gambling is divided in two different groups. Classical games and special games. The difference between them are vast, so we cannot discuss about the same security tactics. Special games are organised in casinos. Classical games don't have a particular place of playing as long as you have a gambling permit and follow the law. We concluded that the classic games have little or no security. On the other hand security is required by law in special games. Although the differences between classical and special games are considerable, we gathered that the most appropriate way of gambling security is a combination of physical and technical security.

Namen naloge je predstaviti področje zasebnega varovanja in ogroženost varnostnikov pri njihovem delu. Diplomsko delo obravnava zasebno varovanje, delo varnostnika, fizično in tehnično varovanje, poškodbe na delovnem mestu in prvo pomoč ter zakon o zasebnem varovanju. Podrobneje je predstavljeno varovanje na splošno in pomanjkljivosti ter izboljšave v varovanju. V zadnjem sklopu je kvantitativna raziskava z anketnim vprašalnikom, s katerim sem pridobil statistične podatke o stopnji ogroženosti varnostnikov. Vprašanja so se nanašala na ocenitev stopnje ogroženosti, statistiko fizičnih poškodb med opravljanjem svojega dela ali intervencije in vrste poškodb. Zanimali so me tudi njihovi predlogi za spremembe oz. izboljšave na obravnavanem področju. V diplomski nalogi so podani tudi predlogi za izboljšanje opravljanja dela varnostnikov in izboljšanje tehničnega varovanja. The purpose of the diploma thesis is to present the field of private security and threats to security guards at their workplace. This thesis deals with private security, security guards´ work, physical and technical security, workplace injury and first aid. It also discusses the law on private security, in particular it presents in detailthe field of protection as well as weaknesses and improvements in security. In the last part of the thesis, there is a quantitative survey with a questionnaire, which helped me obtain the statistical data, the degree of threats to security guards and security in general. The questions aimed at assessing the degree of risk of threats, physical injury statistics during their work and interventions, and the types of injuries. I was also interested in interviewees´ suggestions for changesor improvements in this area. This thesis gives the suggestions for improving the performance of security guards´ work and improving technical security atthe UMC Ljubljana.

Zasebno varstvo je panoga, ki je v zadnjih desetletjih doživela velik razcvet. Opazna so predvsem zasebnovarnostna podjetja, ki jih je čedalje več. Varnostne storitve izvaja varnostno osebje, ki ga lahko opazimo v večini trgovin, na javnih prireditvah, pri prevažanju vrednostnega blaga in marsikje drugod. Varnostniki pri svojem delu posegajo tudi v temeljne človekove pravice in svoboščine. Da bi svoje delo opravljali učinkovito in profesionalno, predvsem pa zakonito imajo določena pooblastila oz. ukrepe. Natančna opredelitev pooblastil varnostnika je zato ključnega pomena. Z zakonsko opredeljenimi pooblastili, lahko varnostniki svoje delo opravljajo zakonito, lažji je nadzor nad njihovim delom, prav tako pa so ljudje bolj seznanjeni z njihovim poklicem. Obravnavane države v diplomskem delu se razlikujejo po geografski legi, velikosti ter po razvitosti gospodarstva, zato smo želeli zvedeti ali se razlikujejo tudi glede pooblastil varnostnikov in kako so ta opredeljena v zakonodaji. Zakonodaja na področju zasebnega varovanja se med državami razlikuje, to pa velja tudi za pooblastila varnostnikov. Pričakovati je bilo, da bodo imele razvitejše države, zakonsko urejena pooblastila varnostnikov, vendar mnoge izmed njih v svojih zakonskih predpisih pooblastil sploh ne omenjajo, tako da ima marsikatera manj razvita država to področje bolje in bolj natančno zakonsko urejeno. Private security industry has experienced a major expansion in the recent decades. It's growth is especially noticeable in the number of private security companies. We can notice security staff, who is implementing security services, in most of stores, public events, when transporting valuable goods and elsewhere. Security officers at their work interfere with the human rights and fundamental freedoms. In order to perform their work effectively, professionally and especially legally, they have certain powers or measures. The precise definition of security guards powers is therefore crucial. With legally defined powers, security guards can perform their job legally, it's easier to control their work and finally, people are more aware of their profession. The countries we have analysed in the thesis vary by geographical location, size and level of economic development, so we wanted to find out whether there are differences regarding the powers of security guards and how they are defined in the legislation. Private security legislation differs among countries and this also applies to the powers of security guards. It was expected that the more developed countries would have legally regulated powers, but most of them didn't mentioned powers of security guard in their legal regulations. Many of less developed countries have better and more precisely regulated powers of security guards.

Diplomsko delo obravnava problematiko povezano z ukrepi varnostnikov, ki so opredeljeni v Zakonu o zasebnem varovanju (2011) in Pravilniku o izvajanju Zakona o zasebnem varovanju (2011). Konkretneje, obravnava usposabljanje za uporabo ukrepov in oceno zakonitosti ter strokovnosti uporabljenega ukrepa. Varnostniki lahko, ob določenih pogojih, pri svojem delu uporabijo ukrepe, kot so fizična sila, sredstva za vklepanje in vezanje ter celo strelno orožje. Z navedenimi ukrepi varnostniki globoko posežejo v človekove pravice in svoboščine. Nezakonita in nestrokovna uporaba ukrepov lahko v najslabšem primeru privede do smrti osebe, zoper katero je bil ukrep uporabljen. Prvi problem, povezan z ukrepi varnostnika, smo identificirali v programu nacionalne poklicne kvalifikacije za poklic varnostnika. Obseg in trajanje usposabljanja za uporabo ukrepov predpisuje 8 ur teoretičnega in 20 ur praktičnega usposabljanja. Glede na dejstvo, da lahko tudi pri strokovni uporabi fizične sile pride do poškodb, je število ur, namenjenih usposabljanju za uporabo ukrepov, nezadostno. Zakon dopušča, da imetnik licence izvede strokovno izpopolnjevanje varnostnega osebja le enkrat letno. Trdimo, da to ni dovolj. Za učinkovito utrjevanje in nadgradnjo pridobljenega znanja je potrebno konstantno ponavljanje in izpopolnjevanje, kar bi moralo veljati tudi za usposabljanje in izpopolnjevanje varnostnega osebja na področju uporabe ukrepov. Analiza statističnih podatkov nadalje pokaže, da je evidentiranje ter ocenjevanje zakonitosti in strokovnosti uporabljenih ukrepov, ki ga izvajajo varnostni menedžerji, pristransko in neobjektivno. Delo in izpostavljenost pri uporabi ukrepov oziroma prisilnih sredstev zasebnega varnostnika in policista sta si zelo podobni. V obsegu in količini usposabljanja pa obstaja bistvena razlika, saj se policisti usposabljajo občutno več in kontinuirano. Zasebni varnostniki tako niso optimalno usposobljeni za uporabo ukrepov. The thesis deals with the problems associated with security measures, which are defined in the Private Security Act (2011) and the Regulation on the implementation of the Private Security Act (2011). The thesis touches variety of segments – from training to the use of measures and in consequence assessment of legality and professional use of private security measures (pursuing Slovenian legal system and widely used terminology police powers are names as “powers” as to private security guard’s powers which are named “measures”). Private security guards are – under certain conditions – authorised to use (apply) physical force, handcuffs, pepper spray and even deadly force (firearms). Those measures are of course in the conflict of the human rights and they may be enforced only under strict conditions. Enforcement of measures is submitted to evaluation process already set in the legislative. One of the key elements for professional and effective use of measures is proper training – as it is well known that effective consolidation and upgrading of the knowledge needs constant repetition and training, which should also apply for the qualification and training of security personnel. We are arguing the amount of theoretical and practical lessons necessary to become a private security guard as not sufficient to grant desirable level of effectiveness and professionalism (and to bear in mind that deadly force is one of measures which is also possible to be applied by private security guards). On the other hand one of the findings we also present is the problem of evaluation of measures performed by security managers. A concern of non-objectivism is raised when comparing findings from the Police and Chamber for the development of the private security. Reason more to stress out the importance of proper qualifications for private security guards as we believe that at the current system they are under-trained (especially if compared with the police officers as both professions in some way have similar occupational hazards and right to enforce powers-measures).

Potreba po varnosti v najširšem smislu besede je v sodobnem svetu postala vrednota, po kateri hrepeni skoraj vsak posameznik. Prisotna je tudi na gospodarskem področju. Zgodovina nas uči, da je v bančnem svetu potreba po varnosti prisotna že od samega začetka bančništva. Kljub dobremu poznavanju zgodovine in izkušenj je neizmerno pomembno postaviti učinkovit varnostni sistem, ki bo poslovni banki zagotavljal oprijemljivo raven varnosti v primerjavi z vloženimi finančnimi sredstvi. Kljub vsemu zgoraj navedenemu je pomembno vedenje, da učinkovit varnostni sistem deluje tudi po načelu najšibkejšega člena. Sam sistem je toliko močan, kolikor je močan njegov najšibkejši člen. Dolgoletne izkušnje kažejo, da je ta člen skoraj vedno človek oziroma človeški faktor. Iluzorno si je za cilj postaviti vzpostavitev nepredušnega sistema. Takega sistema ni in ga tudi ni smiselno snovati. Zaradi tega se je treba vzpostavitve vsakega varnostnega sistema v kakršni koli obliki, obsegu, materiji itd. lotiti z racionalnim in gospodarnim pristopom. The need for security in the broadest sense of the word in the modern world has become a factor for which longs for almost every individual. There is also the economic field. History teaches us that in the banking worlds need for security is present from the early beginnings of banking. Despite good knowledge of history and experience, it is immensely important to establish an effective security system which will provide tangible commercial bank security level compared to the invested financial resources. Nevertheless, the above mentioned is important that an effective security system operates well on the principle of the weakest chain. The system itself is strong enough, as far as strong as its weakest chain. Years of experience show that this weakest chain is almost always a human factor. Illusory targets are to establish a hermetic system. Such a system is and it also does not make sense to plan. For this reason, it is necessary the creation of any security system in any form, scale matter etc. with a spirit of rational and cost effective approach.

Varnost je temeljna vrednota vsakega posameznika in temeljna človekova pravica. Država zagotavlja varnost državljanom s svojim varnostnim sistemom, kjer imata osrednje mesto policija in kazensko pravosodje. Državna organa formalnega nadzora stremita k učinkovitemu zagotavljanju varnosti državljanov, kar se kaže v omejevanju kriminala, vzdrževanju reda v državi, pripravljenosti pomagati državljanom, občutku varnosti državljanov, njihovem prostovoljnem upoštevanju zakonov in pripravljenosti ubogati ter zaupati v policijo in kazensko pravosodje. Od zaposlenih v policiji in pravosodju se pričakuje, da delujejo v okviru zakona, enakopravno, pošteno, pravično, dostojanstveno ter spoštujejo temeljne človekove pravice in svoboščine posameznika. S takšnim delovanjem delujejo legitimno ter si pridobijo zaupanje in sodelovanje javnosti. Javnost je tista, ki nepristransko izraža mnenja o delovanju policije in kazenskega pravosodja. Poleg policije in kazenskega pravosodja imamo še drugo skupino družbenih nadzorovalcev – zasebne varnostnike, ki prav tako skrbijo za varnost državljanov. Zasebni varnostniki prihajajo v stik s policijo in kazenskim pravosodjem preko delovnih stikov v procesu obveščanja in sodelovanja, zato imajo drugačna stališča o legitimnosti policije in pravosodja. V diplomskem delu smo raziskovali percepcijo zasebnih varnostnikov glede legitimnosti policije in kazenskega pravosodja, ki jo zaznavajo na podlagi pravičnosti in nepristranskosti, avtoritete in učinkovitosti. Zaznavanje legitimnosti policije in pravosodja pri zasebnih varnostnikih se kaže v zaupanju in sodelovanju z organoma. Security is the basic value of every individual and a fundamental human right. The state provides security to the citizens trough its security system which is based on the police and the criminal justice system. The two state regulated bodies strive towards an effective assurance of security, which is demonstrated with crime prevention, maintaining order in the state, readiness to help the public and the public’s sense of security, its adherence to the law and its trust towards the police and the criminal justice system. Police and criminal justice system employees are expected to work in accordance with the law - equally, fair, with dignity and with respect towards basic human and civil rights. This is how they function legitimately and gain respect of the public, as well as its cooperation. The public is the one who impartially expresses the opinion about the police and the criminal justice system. In addition to the two state regulated bodies, we have a second public surveillance group - private security officers, who also provide citizens with security. Security officers come into contact with the police and the criminal justice system in a different way than the public, which results in them having different opinions about their legitimacy. The two groups come into contact trough the working process of informing and cooperation. In this thesis we researched how security officers perceive the police and the criminal justice system’s legitimacy on the basis of their fairness and impartiality, authority and effectiveness. This perception is indicated in the trust and the cooperation between both groups.

V današnjem času je eden večjih problemov nezaposlenost oziroma kako se zaposliti v panogi, za katero smo se šolali. To najlažje naredimo z raziskavo trga oziroma s poizvedbo samega procesa. Vedno moramo nekje začeti in brez konkretnih vez je to ponavadi na dnu. V zasebno varnostni industriji nas v to primora že sam zakon, saj so po zakonu potrebne delovne izkušnje na področju varovanja, če iščemo zaposlitev. Diplomska naloga opisuje delovna mesta, na katera se je možno zaposliti v zasebno varnostni družbi, od navadnega varnostnika pa do varnostnega menedžerja. Prav tako opisuje delovne kompetence in osebnostne lastnosti, ki so potrebne oziroma priporočljive za delo v zasebnem varovanju. Naštetih je tudi nekaj problemov oziroma nevarnosti, s katerimi se soočajo zaposleni na posameznih delovnih mestih v zasebno varnostnih družbah. Opisan je tudi postopek zaposlitve ter pogoji za zaposlitev, kot so pridobitev NPK, varnostno preverjanje, zdravniški pregled in pridobitev službene izkaznice. Opisana je tudi osnovna delovna pogodba, delovna oznaka oziroma obleka ter sistem pridobivanja zaposlenih s strani delodajalca. Diplomska naloga vsebuje tudi dva intervjuja z osebama, zaposlenima na višjem položaju v zasebno varnostni družbi, v katerih odgovarjata na vprašanja o postopku zaposlitve in o samem delu ter nevarnostnih pri delu v zasebni varnosti. Nowadays, one of the biggest problem is unemployment and how to get employed in the line of work you studied and went to school for. This is best done by researching the market and finding out about the employing process itself. You always have to start somewhere and without the right connections it is at the bottom. In private security industry we are forced to start at the bottom by the law, because you need work experiences by law if you are looking for employment. The subject of this diploma is possible work places in private security companies like security guard or security manager. It also describes which competences and character traits are required or desired to work in a private security company. It also lists some of the possible problems that employees can encounter during the work in a private security. The whole employment procedure and its requirements like acquirement of national occupational qualifications, personal security check and acquiring of work identity card are also described in this diploma. It also describes the basic work contract, required work clothes and the private security system for getting new employees. This diploma also contains two interviews with two people employed in a higher position in a private security company. They talk about the employment process and about working and dangers at work in a private security company.

Varnost človeka in premoženja postaja vse bolj cenjena, saj predstavlja vrednoto. Država v okviru nacionalnovarnostnega sistema pa je odgovorna za zagotavljanje varnosti. Pomembno vprašanje zasebnega varovanja predstavlja njegova legitimnost. Država organizira in predpisuje organiziranje subjektov zasebnega varstva ter uravnava in ureja področja zasebnega varstva. Razvoj zasebnega varovanja, kot gospodarske in varnostne dejavnosti v Sloveniji v zadnjih dveh desetletjih močno pridobiva na pomenu. Prenos nekaterih pooblastil in del s policije na zasebno varnostna podjetja in občinsko redarstvo dodatno poudarja pomen sodelovanja med navedenimi institucijami. Cilj diplomskega dela je predstavitev različnih institucija varovanja, njihovo delovanje in sodelovanje, kar bi pomembno vplivajo na uspešnost izvajanja storitev varovanja in dvignilo ugled zasebno varnostne dejavnosti. Raziskava bo usmerjana v analiziranje dejavnosti zasebnega varstva z vidika drugih organov ter primerjavo funkcij zasebno varnostnih podjetij ter policije, občinskega redarstva in detektivske dejavnosti. Sodelovanje med navedenimi institucijami ima pomembno vlogo pri zagotavljanju varnosti in izboljšanju družbeno socialnega položaja varnostnikov v Sloveniji. Rezultati so pokazali, da se največ sodelovanja pojavlja med policijo in zasebno varnostnimi podjetji. Ostale institucije med seboj manj sodelujejo in s strani občinskega redarstva po dodatnih oblikah sodelovanja tudi ni izraženih potreb. Ugotovitve raziskave predstavljajo osnovo razprave, pri čemer so glavne ugotovitve in predlogi sprememb usmerjeni v izboljšanje sodelovanja med institucijami, ki zagotavljajo varnost ljudi in premoženja ter slab družbeno socialni položaj varnostnikov, kot posledica nizke izobrazbene strukture, nizkih plač, slabe usposobljenosti varnostnikov v preteklosti. Izsledki raziskave lahko pripomorejo k razvoju in izboljšanju kakovosti ponujenih storitev zasebno varnostnih podjetij ter njihovemu sodelovanju z drugimi institucijami. The safety of people and property is becoming increasingly appreciated as it constitutes a value. The state in the context of the national security system is responsible for ensuring safety. An important issue in the field of private security is its legitimacy. The state organizes and prescribes the organization of the subjects of private security and regulates and organizes the field of private security. The development of private security as an economic and security activity in Slovenia in the last two decades has been rapidly acquiring significance. The transfer of certain authorizations and activities from the police to private security companies and traffic wardens additionally stresses the importance of cooperation between the specified institutions. The aim of my thesis is to present the various security institutions, their activities and cooperation, which would have a significant impact on the success of the implementation of the security services and raise the reputation of private security activities. The research will focus on the analysis of activities of private security from the perspective of other bodies and on the comparison of the functions of private security companies and the police, traffic wardens and detective agencies. Cooperation between the institutions plays an important role in ensuring safety and improving the social standing of security guards in Slovenia. The results indicate that the largest amount of cooperation occurs between the police and private security companies. The other institutions cooperate less frequently with each other, and the traffic wardens have not expressed the need for additional forms of cooperation. The research findings represent the basis of discussion, with the main findings and propositions aimed at improving cooperation between the institutions which ensure the safety of people and property, and a low social standing of security guards as a result of low educational attainment, low wages and low qualifications of security guards in the past. The results of the research can contribute to the development and improvement of the quality of services offered by private security companies and their cooperation with other institutions.

Namen diplomske naloge je predstaviti področje zasebnega varovanja in sicer kompetence varnostnika telesnega stražarja, njegov način dela, načela in naloge. Diplomsko delo obravnava zasebno varovanje ter oblike varovanja in licence za opravljanje zasebnega varovanja. Prav tako naloga obravnava varovanje oseb, varnostnika telesnega stražarja, njegove naloge, opremo in lastnosti. Organizacija osebnega varovanja varovane osebe izvajajo varnostniki telesni stražarji, ki so zaposleni v družbi za zasebno varovanje. Koliko je potrebno varnostnikov telesnih stražarjev je odvisno od ocene stopnje ogroženosti na osnovi katere smo izdelali varnostni načrt. V zadnjem sklopu diplomske dela smo predstavili intervju s katerim smo pri vprašanih osebah (nevtralna oseba, varnostnik telesni stražar, varovana oseba poslovnež) preverili splošno poznavanje varnostnika telesnega stražarja, njegove kompetence, vzrok najema varnostnika telesnega stražarja in zakaj se varnostnik telesni stražar obnaša tako kot se v času varovanja varovane osebe. Postavljena vprašanja so se nanašala na kompetence, naloge, usluge, ogroženost, uporabo različnih sredstev, pooblastila, načinu nošenja orožja, varnost na slovenskih ulicah, poznavanje parmedicine in težavnost varovanja. The purpose of the thesis is to present the scope of private security, namely competences of bodyguard, his way of working principles and functions. The thesis deals with private security and form of protection and license to provide private security. It also deals with the task of protecting people, bodyguard its tasks, equipment and properties. Organization of personal protection protected persons carried out by bodyguards who are employed in the private security companies. How much security is needed bodyguards depends on the level of threat assessments based on which we developed a security plan. In the last part of the thesis we present the interview in which we interviewed persons (neutral person, a bodyguard, protected person namely businessman) to check the general knowledge of a security bodyguard, his competence, the cause of hiring a bodyguard and why the bodyguard behaves like at the time the protection of the protected person. Issues raised were related to competencies, tasks, services, endangerment, using a variety of resources, powers, mode of carry weapons, safety Slovenian streets, knowledge of paramedical and the difficulty of protecting.

V tujini se grafologija oziroma grafološka analiza pisave pojavlja kot pomoč skoraj na vseh področjih človekovega delovanja pri zaposlovanju, pri osebnostnem profiliranju, pri odločanju glede izbire poklica, pri ugotavljanju piscev strupenega peresa in tako naprej. Lahko bi dejali, da se je medtem v Sloveniji začela grafologija intenzivneje pojavljati v zadnjih letih. Podali smo nekaj predlogov, kako bi lahko bila grafološka analiza v pomoč detektivom. Eden izmed predlogov je bil, da bi lahko grafologi sodelovali z detektivi na področju preiskovanja anonimnih pisanj. Grafologi že sodelujejo z detektivi, vendar je teh primerov izredno malo. Z detektivi sodelujejo kot preiskovalci pisave, ki ugotavljajo istovetnost podpisa ali pisave, ne sodelujejo pa z namenom ugotavljati človekovih osebnostnih lastnosti. Zato smo predlagali, da bi iz anonimnega pisma grafolog opravil grafološko analizo v kateri bi bile zabeležene osebnostne lastnosti in bi se na podlagi te analize detektiv in prejemnik anonimke posvetovala, kateri osebi pripada omenjen opis. Znano je, da so pisci anonimk osebe, ki poznajo prejemnika anonimke. Izpostavili smo še eden predlog in sicer, da bi se lahko slovenska podjetja obrnila na detektiva, ki bi preveril predlagane kandidate za zaposlitev. Detektiv bi lahko pridobil informacije, ki bi se nanašale na življenjski slog oziroma stil kandidata, glede prejšnjih zaposlitev, o zlorabah pravice do zadržanosti z dela zaradi bolezni ali poškodbe in podobno. Ker Zakon o detektivski dejavnosti ne omogoča, da bi lahko detektivi preverjali kandidate za zaposlitev, smo razmišljali o dopolnitvi oziroma spremembi tega zakona. Mnenja in predloge, kako bi lahko detektivu bila v pomoč grafološka analiza so izrazili grafologinja, forenzična preiskovalka rokopisov ter detektivka. Abroad, graphology and graphology analysis appears as assistance in almost all areas of human activity in employment, in personality profiling, in the choice of profession, in identifying poison-pen writers and so on. On the contrary, in Slovenia it has begun to emerge intensively only in recent years. In this paper we give some suggestions on how a graphology analysis could be helpful to detectives. One of the proposals is establishing cooperation between graphologists and detectives in investigating anonymous documents. Graphologists already cooperate with detectives, but these cases are very few. They assume a role of manuscript investigators engaged in identification of signature or font, rather with a view to identifying human personality traits. Therefore, we propose that a graphologist performs a graphology analysis from an anonymous letter with focus primarily on recorded personal characteristics on the basis of this analysis, a consultation on the author of the anonymous letter between a detective and a recipient thereof would be easier. It is known that writers of anonymous letters are in general acquaintances or the close ones of the recipient thereof. We highlight another proposal, namely, detectives could provide assistance to Slovenian companies to verify the candidates applying for a job opening. This information could be related to lifestyle and the style of a candidate, previous employment, abuses of the right to be absent from work due to illness or injury, and the like. Since the Private Detective Act contains no provision stipulating detectives are authorised to examine candidates for the job, we propose supplementing or amending this Act in this way. Opinions and suggestions on the beneficial role of graphology analysis in detective activities are expressed by a graphology expert, a forensic manuscripts investigator and a detective.

Detektiv pridobiva informacije na različne načine. Pri tem mora paziti, da mu vir posreduje podatke prostovoljno, on pa ne sme uporabljati nezakonitega načina. Detektiv lahko pridobiva informacije o pogrešanih ljudeh in o povzročiteljih premoženjskih in nepremoženjskih škod o anonimnih pisanjih o dolžnikih in njihovem premoženju o predmetih, ki so pogrešani ali izgubljeni o dokaznem gradivu o spoštovanju konkurenčne prepovedi in klavzule o uspešnosti in poslovnosti poslovnih subjektov o kaznivih dejanjih, ki se preganjajo z zasebno tožbo o zlorabah pravice do zadržanosti z dela zaradi bolezni ali poškodbe. Vse te informacije lahko pridobiva neposredno od ljudi, na katere se te nanašajo od tistih, ki posredujejo informacije o tretji osebi iz javnih informacijskih sredstev iz evidenc z vpogledom v sodne in upravne spise ter z osebno zaznavo in uporabo tehničnih sredstev. Zakon o detektivski dejavnosti so večkrat spremenili, spremembe so opredeljene v registru predpisov Republike Slovenije, in poleg opredelitve, o čem in na kakšen način lahko detektivi pridobivajo informacije, opredeljuje tudi njihove dolžnosti in varovanje tajnosti detektivov. V raziskovalnem delu smo posredovali ankete naključnim anketiranim ter detektivom, na koncu pa smo nekatere odgovore obeh anket primerjali med seboj. Z raziskavo smo ugotovili, da večina ljudi ne pozna pravic detektivov, čeprav so pri nekaterih vprašanjih bile aritmetične sredine naključnih anketiranih in detektivov dokaj podobne. Detective collects information in different ways. He must ensure that a person gives the information voluntarily, he may not use illegal ways. Detective can obtain information on missing persons and perpetrators of material and non-material damage the anonymous pleadings the debtors and their assets the objects that are missing or lost the proof material respect of non-competition clause and clauses, on the performance of business entities and business subjects on crimes that are prosecuted by private prosecution abuses of the right to be absent from work due to illness or injury. All this information can be obtained directly from the persons to whom they relate, from the people who provide information about a third party public information assets from records by examining judicial and administrative files, and personal perception and use of technical means. Private Detective Act has received a number of changes, which are defined in the registry regulations of the Republic of Slovenia, and in addition to the definitions of what and how detectives can obtain information, specify their duties and protect the confidentiality of detectives. The research work was submitted random survey respondents and detectives, in the end, we have some answers from both surveys compared with each other. Research has shown that most people are unaware of the rights of detectives, although some issues were the arithmetic mean of random and detectives interviewed quite similar.

Varnost je bistvena človekova dobrina, ki je pogoj za brezskrbno življenje in neovirano zadovoljevanje ostalih človeških potreb. Skrb za splošno varnost prevzemata policija, kot nosilec javne varnosti in zasebno varnostne družbe, kot nosilci zasebne varnosti. Bistvena razlika je v tem, da je javna varnost za posameznika brezplačna, zasebno varovanje pa je plačljivo. Za javno varnost skrbijo policisti in policistke, ki pri svojem delu, za izvajanje nalog policije, uporabljajo policijska pooblastila. Za zasebno varnost skrbijo zasebne varnostne družbe, znotraj katerih izvaja naloge zasebnega varovanja zasebno varnostno osebje, ki pri svojem delu uporablja ukrepe varnostnika in druga sredstva. Namen magistrskega dela je proučiti mnenje varnostnikov o osebnih lastnostih policistov, njihovega odnosa do strank v postopku in do varnostnikov ter razlike v mnenjih na podlagi starosti varnostnikov. Prav tako je namen raziskati, ali imajo policisti drugačen odnos do varnostnikov, ko so ti v službi in privatnem življenju. Cilj magistrskega dela je ugotoviti, ali varnostniki menijo, da imajo policisti pozitivne osebnostne lastnosti in kakšni so njihovi odnosi do strank v postopku in do varnostnikov. Naslednja cilja sta ugotoviti, ali se stališča varnostnikov do policistov spreminjajo glede na njihovo starost in ali imajo policisti drugačen odnos do varnostnikov, ko so ti v službi in privatnem življenju. V teoretičnem poglavju magistrskega dela smo uvodoma zbrali in preučili tematsko literaturo, v empiričnem poglavju pa smo, na podlagi analize mnenja varnostnikov, prišli do rezultatov raziskave, da imajo po mnenju varnostnikov policisti pozitivne osebnostne lastnosti in dober odnos do strank v postopku. Imajo pa bistveno boljši odnos do varnostnikov, ko so ti v službi, kot v zasebnem življenju. Mnenje varnostnikov o odnosu policistov do strank v postopku se razlikuje glede na starost varnostnikov. Starejši kot so, boljše mnenje imajo. Security is an essential human resource, which is a condition for a carefree life and unobstructed meet other human needs. For the general safety we assume the police, as the holder of public safety and private security companies, as the holder of private security. The essential difference lies in the fact that public safety for the individual is free, private security is paid. Care for public safety lies on police officers, who in his work, to perform police tasks, use police powers. Care for private security lies on private security companies in which private security personnel carries out the private security tasks. For their work they use measures of security guard and other assets. The purpose of the master thesis is to study the opinion of private security personnel to personal qualities of police officers, their relationship to the clients in proceedings and to private security personnel and differences of opinion on the basis of their age. Next purpose is to investigate whether the police officers have a different attitude to security personnel when they are at work and private life. The aim of the master thesis is to determine whether security personnel believe that the police officers have a positive personality qualities and what their relationship to the clients in proceedings and to them are. The following objectives are to determine, whether the opinion of security personnel vary depending on their age and whether the police officers have a different attitude to security personnel when they are at work and private life. In the theoretical part of the master thesis, we initially gathered and analyzed thematically literature. In the empirical part, we came to the results of research that, according to security personnel, police officers have positive personality and a good attitude to clients in proceedings. But they have a much better attitude to security personnel, when they are at work, than in private life. Opinion of the security personnel to the relationship of the clients in proceedings varies depending on the age of the guards. The older they are, the better opinion they have.

Fluktuacija zaposlenih pomeni gibanje števila zaposlenih glede na odhode in prihode v organizacijo. Razloge za fluktuacijo gre iskati v odnosu posameznika do dela in organizacije, kakor tudi organizacije do posameznega zaposlenega. Fluktuacijo se največkrat obravnava z negativnega vidika, ker organizaciji prinaša dodatno delo in stroške, vendar v praksi ni vedno tako, saj fluktuacija prinaša tudi pozitivne učinke predvsem v smislu odhoda manj sposobnega in produktivnega kadra. Magistrsko delo je razdeljeno na dva dela, v prvem delu so teoretična izhodišča v drugem pa empirični del. V prvem delu naloge so podana predvsem teoretična izhodišča kadrovske politike, kadrovske funkcije, zadovoljstvo zaposlenih, zasebno varovanje in fluktuacija, ki pa je podrobneje opisana. V drugem empirčnem delu je predstavljeno podjetje Globalno varnostni servis (v nadaljevanju GVS) s fluktuacijo kadra v obdobju zadnjih treh let. Izdelana je raziskava, s katero smo analizirali vzroke in dejavnike, ki vplivajo na fluktuacijo v GVS. Raziskava je bila izdelana s pomočjo vprašalnikov. Fluctuation means the change in number of employees according to their arrivals and departures in the organization. The reasons for the fluctuation can find in the relationship of the individual to work and to organization, as well as in the relationship of the organization to the individual employee. Fluctuation is usually treated with a negative aspect, because it gives the organization additional work and expense, but in practice it is not always like this, because fluctuation also gives positive effects especially in terms of departure less capable and productive staff. The dissertation is divided in two parts the first part are theoretical frameworks and the second part is empirical part. In the first part of the dissertation are given primarily theoretical frameworks of human resources policy, human resources functions, employee satisfaction, private security, and fluctuation, which is more described. In the second empirical part is company Global Security Service (hereinafter GVS) presented with the fluctuation of personnel in the last three years. We made the research, in which were analyzed the causes and factors that affect the fluctuation in the GVS. The research was made on the basis of questionnaires.

Tema diplomske naloge obsega podroben prikaz izvajanja pridobitve srednje strokovne izobrazbe V. stopnje za tehnik/tehnica varovanja. Predstavljeno je izvajanje novega programa prve generacije v Republiki Sloveniji za tehnika varovanja. Uvod v obravnavano tematiko predstavlja ustanovitev in organiziranost Čas – Zasebne šole za varnostno izobraževanje d.o.o. vse od njene ustanovitve do danes, njeno organiziranost, izobraževalni program do možne zaposlitve po končanem izobraževanju. Na šoli nudijo varnostna svetovanja, katera nudijo nadstandardno zasebno varovanje. Intervju je opravljen z ravnateljem šole mag. Dušanom Kaplanom in profesorico nemškega jezika kot nosilko splošnega predmeta prof. Bojano Bošnjak ter predavateljem strokovnega predmeta intervencija Mihaelom Burilovom. V nadaljevanju nam primerjava rezultatov raziskave med kandidati prve in druge generacije opravljene ankete na šoli posreduje informacije o izobraževanju ter zadovoljstvu izobraževanja odraslih. Rezultati raziskave nas popeljejo skozi izobraževanje ter nam podrobno prikazujejo izkušnje in mnenje slušateljev med izobraževanjem o vodstvu šole, pouku, predavateljih, programu, literaturi, komunikaciji, organizaciji, maturi itd. Nov program v Republiki Sloveniji predstavlja velik napredek na področju izobraževanja in varnosti v sodobni družbi. Zato so pogoste tematike, ki se med seboj prepletajo, kot so varstvoslovje, varnost in zasebna varnost, ter iz pedagoškega vidika izobraževanje, usposabljanje, izpopolnjevanje izvajanje programa varnostnih tehnikov v Republiki Sloveniji. The thesis presents the process of completing the 5th level qualification and obtaining the diploma of a Safety technician, a new program at its very beginnings in Slovenia. The introductory part of the thesis presents Čas – a private school for the Safety education d.o.o. the founding of the school, its organization, education programs and possible job opportunities after completing the course. The school offers safety counseling for high standard private security services. The thesis features interviews with Dušan Kaplan, the headmaster BojanaBošnjak, a teacher of German, one of the foundation subjects at the school, and MihaelBurilov, teacher of Intervention, a technical subject. To follow is a comparison of results from a survey conducted among students of the first and second generation. The aim of the survey was getting feedback about the quality of education and the satisfaction of students (adults) regarding school’s administration, classes, lecturers, program, literature, teacher-student communication, school organization, matura exam, etc. The program presented in the thesis is a novelty in Slovenia and represents an important progress in the Slovenian education system and the safety of the modern society. Therefore, technical and pedagogical subjects are interrelated

Varnost je ena izmed ključnih dobrin, ki jih potrebuje človek za normalno življenje. Že psiholog Maslow je poudarjal pomen potrebe po varnosti in jo je uvrstil na samo začelje najnujnejših potreb, ki jih človek mora zadovoljiti za normalno življenje. V preteklosti se je zagotavljanje te dobrine naložilo policiji. Danes si demokratično urejenega sveta brez policije ne bi mogli predstavljati. Delovanje policije je nekakšna varovalka, ki ljudem omogoča normalno življenje. Ugotavlja se, da policija varnosti ne more več zagotavljati sama. Država je del nalog zagotavljanja varnosti že prepustila zasebnemu varstvu, nove naloge zagotavljanja varstva pa so v lokalnih skupnostih prevzela občinska redarstva. Tako morajo policija, občinska redarstva in zasebno varnostna podjetja poskrbeti za čim boljše sodelovanje med seboj, prav tako pa se vzpostavi nekakšna soodvisnost med temi organizacijami. Namen tega diplomskega dela je predstaviti soodvisnost in sodelovanje policije, občinskih redarstev in zasebnega varstva pri zagotavljanju varnosti v urbanih središčih. V diplomski nalogi sem naprej skušal opredeliti pojme kot so policija, občinska redarstva, zasebna varnost, urbana središča, soodvisnost in sodelovanje. Nato sem opredelil zakonski okvir, s katerim je opredeljeno sodelovanje in soodvisnost policije, občinskih redarstev in zasebno varnostnih podjetij. Poskušal sem predstaviti sodelovanje in soodvisnost med temi organizacijami v praksi in probleme, ki nastajajo s sodelovanjem. V diplomskem delu sem predstavil odgovore na vprašanja, zastavljene zaposlenemu na Medobčinskem redarstvu v Velenju. Safety is one of the basic elements that human need for a normal life. Famous psihologist Maslow has been saying throue his studies, how inportant is safety for a man, and he put the need for safety to the most basic needs for a normal life. People in the past gave to the police the right to secure their lives. Today we can not imagine a democratic life without police. Police work allows people to live normal life. But police can not take care for people safety by itself any more. Part of the tasks to secure human lives has the country already gave to private sector, and part of the tasks has been given to the lokal society. So the police, private security sector and the municipal wardens must take care for human safety. Olso there must be some kind of interdependency between these organisations, and only with this kind of iterdependency they can do their job in the best way. The purpose of this diploma is to introduce iterdependency and cooperation of police, municipal wardency and private security sector in providing safety in urban centres. In the diploma I first tried to describe concepts: police, municipal wardency, private security, urban centres, interdependency and cooperation. Next I tried to write down legal framework, which is important for cooperation and iterdependency between police, municipal wardency and privat security sector. After that I tried to describe the cooperation ad interdependency between theese organizations in practise and the problems that these organizations are dealing with through their cooperation. I also wrote down the answers to my questions, which I gave to one of the employee on municipal wardency in Velenje.

Dejavnost zasebnega varovanja se v Republiki Sloveniji intenzivno razvija zadnji dve desetletji. Pred enim letom je bil sprejet nov Zakon o zasebnem varovanju (ZzasV-1), ki po novem opredeljuje tudi javni interes ali boljše določa, da se področje zasebnega varovanja, kot dejavnosti ureja v javnem interesu zaradi zaščite javnega reda, varnosti ter varnosti naročnikov, tretjih oseb in varnostnega osebja. Besedna zveza »javni interes« je pogosto uporabljena, v redkih primerih pa jasno definirana ali opisana. Z namenom širšega pogleda na pomen »javnega interesa« so bili pridobljeni različni pravni akti ter strokovni članki, ki so bili analizirani in med seboj primerjani. Dejansko je javni interes v redkih primerih jasno opredeljen. Zasebna varnost je opredeljena kot partner pri zagotavljanju manjšega dela notranje varnosti v Republiki Sloveniji, vzporedno z državnimi subjekti. Poglavje naloge o zasebni varnosti je namenjeno prikazu enega dela varnostnih mehanizmov v Republiki Sloveniji, pri tem pa opravljena pa je tudi primerjava med temi varnostnimi mehanizmi. Posebej je opredeljena dejavnost zasebnega varovanja, področja delovanja ter odnosov med zasebnimi in državnimi mehanizmi zagotavljanja varnosti. Zaključki na temo javnega interesa v zasebnem varovanju so predstavljeni preko zastavljenih tez. Ne glede na to, da je področje urejeno skladno z javnim interesom, pa se na nekaterih manjših segmentih lahko pojavijo dileme in vprašanja, ki bi bila lahko tema kakšne naloge raziskovalne narave. The area of private security has been intensively developing in the Republic of Slovenia for the last two decades. A year ago, the new Law on private security service was passed (Zzas V-1) which defines public interest and is more specific about determining that the field of private security as an activity is being managed in public interest due to the protection of the public policy, security and security of contracting authorities, third parties and security officials. The term “public interest” is often used but rarely clearly defined and described. With the purpose of wider perception of this term, various legal acts and specialist articles were collected, analyzed and compared. It is a fact that there are rare cases where the term is clearly defined. Private security is defined as a partner in assuring a small part of the internal security in the Republic of Slovenia, parallel with national entities. The chapter on private security is intended to review one part of the security mechanisms in the Republic of Slovenia. Further the comparison between these security mechanisms is made. Separately the activity of private security is defined as well as the field of activity and the relationships between private and state mechanisms that are assuring the security. Conclusions on public interest in private security are based on the set thesis. Despite the fact that the area is organized in accordance with public interest, there are some parts where issues and questions might arise that could be discussed in a research study.

Ljudje različno vrednotijo različne stvari in si postavljajo tudi različne cilje. Za nekatere je cilj denar, plača, drugim je bolj kot plača pomembno, da delajo tisto, kar jih zares veseli in zanima, tretji delajo zato, ker nimajo druge izbire in jim zaposlitev pomeni varnost. Iz raziskav smo ugotovili, da so zaposleni predani svojemu delu, kadar ga opravljajo z veseljem in če pri opravljanju svojega dela lahko pokažejo svoje sposobnosti, so praviloma tudi uspešni. Biti varnostnik v današnjem času ni ravno nekaj, s čimer bi se človek lahko hvalil. Predvsem varovati v trgovinah je delikatna stvar. Nočni čuvaji so ljudje, ki čakajo le še na pokoj, receptorske službe niso cenjene. Varnostniki-interventi in varnostniki-prevozniki so stopničko višje od navadnih varnostnikov, zato pa toliko bolj izpostavljeni raznim napadom. Plače pa nobenim niso v prid. Prav za plače pa hodimo delat. Plače so vir dohodka, z njimi se varčuje tudi za pokojnine. Koliko pa je delavec motiviran, če dobi vsak mesec 500 do 700 € plače za odgovorno delo? Zaposlene veseli edino lahko, da vsak mesec vsaj nekaj dobijo. Plače so glavni zunanji motivator za uspešno delo in za zadovoljnega delavca. Naloga nam je pokazala, da bi sleherni delavec bil mnogo bolj motiviran za delo, če bi vedel, da bo njegovo delo pošteno plačano, še več: za boljše plačilo bi tudi več delal (posledično tudi bolje opravil naloge). Delo varnostnika-prevoznika je stresno in odgovorno delo, saj je osnovno sredstvo dela denar in prevozno sredstvo (prirejeno vozilo in/ali blindirano kombinirano vozilo). V skladu z zakoni je potrebno skrbno ravnati tudi z orožjem, ki jim je zaupano. Different people value different things and you put the different objectives. For some, the goal of the money paid, the other is more important than pay, to do what you really happy and interested, third working because they have no choice and give them job security means. From the research we found that employees are dedicated to their work when they do and be happy if in the course of their work to demonstrate their abilities, are generally also successful. Being a security guard at the present time is not exactly something that would be a man can boast. Primarily to protect the delicate matter of the shops. Night watchmen are the people who are waiting to retire just yet, receptor services are not appreciated. Security guards, security guards and the interveners-carriers are step further than the base security, and therefore much more vulnerable to various attacks. Wages are not in favor of the no. Also on staff are walking to work. Wages are a source of income, with a saving for pensions. How much is a motivated worker, if he gets every month 500 to 700 € for good salary job? Employees can be happy only that each month, at least get something. Wages are the main external motivator for success and a satisfied employee. The task has shown us that every worker was much more motivated to work if he knew that his work is fairly paid, and even more: for better pay would also be more work (hence better to do the tasks). Work security guard, the carrier is stressful and responsible job, as the primary means of money and means of transport (vehicle engineered and / or bulletproof hatchback). In accordance with the laws must be carefully handled the weapons, entrusted with.

Namen prispevka je ugotoviti ali se posamezniki odločijo za delo varnostnika, ker si želijo opravljati poklic varnostnika, pomagati ljudem in ker si želijo ustvariti kariero na tem področju, oziroma ali so se za izbrani poklic odločili le zato, ker druge zaposlitve niso dobili.

10. slovenski dnevi varstvoslovja, Ljubljana, 4.-5. junij 2009

V diplomski nalogi sta zajeti dve izmed hujših kaznivih dejanj zoper premoženje in sicer vlom oz. velika tatvina in rop, ter varovanje ki ga na tem področju nudijo zasebne varnostne službe. Gre namreč za kazniva dejanja, pri katerih se storilci na njihovo izvršitev praviloma dobro pripravijo. Med pripravo na kaznivo dejanje spada tudi izbira potencialne žrtve ali objekta napada. Pri tem imajo storilci največkrat v mislih le dvoje: tveganje in višina materialne koristi. K tveganju prav gotovo spadata dve okoliščini in sicer verjetnost, da bodo prijeti na kraju dejanja, ali pa da bodo odkriti med kasnejšim preiskovanjem. Na obe v veliki meri vpliva tudi način varovanja objekta napada. Two of the worse criminal offences against property burglary or grand larceny and robbery are described in this diploma, as well as security provided by the security Service in this area. These criminal offences are the ones perpetrators prepare extremely good for their execution. The selection of potential victim or object of attack is amongst preparation to commit these criminal offences. The perpetrators mostly have two things on their mind: the riks and the amount of material benefits. Two circumstances follow the risk: probability of being cought at the scene of the crime or to be discovered during the investigation. The method of protecting the object of attack greatly influences both.

V diplomski nalogi smo primerjali pooblastila, ki jih imajo varnostniki v varnostnih službah s pooblastili policistov, zanimalo nas je katera so primerljiva pooblastila, ki jih lahko uporabijo tako policisti kot tudi varnostniki. Cilj naše diplomske naloge je bil predstaviti pooblastila varnostnih služb in policistov. Predstavitev temeljnih pojmov, ki se pojavljajo skozi celotno diplomsko nalogo, je bistvenega pomena za razumevanje obravnavane tematike, predstavljeni so s pomočjo deskriptivne metode. Tekom diplomske naloge smo predstavili katera so posamezna pooblastila varnostnih služb in policijska pooblastila, ki so primerljiva z njimi v Sloveniji, predstavili pa smo tudi stanje na tem področju v Avstriji in Združenih državah Amerike, omenjena tema je obravnavana predvsem s teoretičnega vidika. Opredelili smo tudi svoja stališča do obravnavane tematike in se oprli na zastavljene hipoteze, ki smo jih tekom diplomske naloge potrdili ali ovrgli. Glavna ugotovitev pričujočega diplomskega dela je, da se pooblastila policistov in varnostnih služb v določenih segmentih razlikujejo, ker se razlikujejo področja dela pa je dejstvo, da imajo policisti večja pooblastila kot varnostniki zaposleni v varnostnih službah, vseeno pa lahko med delom policistov in varnostnikov potegnemo vzporednice. Stanje na tem področju v Avstriji in Združenih državah Amerike se razlikuje od ureditve v Sloveniji. This thesis presents the comparison of the powers which have the security guards in the security services and the public police officers. We wanted to find the comparable powers that could be used by public law enforcement and private security agencies. The goal of our thesis was to present the powers of the security services and the public police officers. With the description method we describe the main terms, knowing that they are essential for understanding of presented topic. During the thesis we presented the regulation in Slovenia, especially individual powers of the security services and comparable individual police powers. We also compare Slovenian regulation to regulation in Austria and United States of America. On the basis of hypotheses we have defined our view about the theme and have confirmed or refute them throughout the thesis. The main finding of this thesis reveals that police officers have more powers than security guards employed in security services. Furthermore, powers that could be used by public law enforcement and private security agencies are different in certain segments. The reason for that are differences in work areas. On the other hand one can also find parallels in their work. Last but not least, we found out that regulation of stated powers in Austria and United States of America are different to regulation we have in Slovenia.

Dejavnost zasebnega varovanja je med najbolj odgovornimi posli v sodobnem svetu. Prikazano je, kako je pravna odgovornost na področju zasebnega varovanja zakonsko urejena. Najprej so sistematično prikazane splošne pravne opredelitve odgovornosti. Vse te oblike odgovornosti se nanašajo tudi na izvajanje dejavnosti zasebnega varovanja. Na področju zasebnega varovanja niso sankcionirana specialna kazniva dejanja, prav tako tudi ni posebne ureditve v okviru civilne oziroma odškodninske odgovornosti. Na obeh področjih odgovornosti torej velja splošna ureditev. Specialna odgovornost na področju zasebnega varovanja se nanaša zgolj na kršitve določb Zakona o zasebnem varovanju, ki so v tem zakonu opredeljene kot prekrški, določene pa so tudi sankcije, ki so predvidene za kršitelje, medtem ko sam postopek ureja Zakon o prekrških. Upoštevati pa je potrebno tudi odgovornost, ki izhaja iz delovnega razmerja varnostnih oseb, če imajo sklenjeno pogodbo o zaposlitvi in pa pogodbeno odgovornost, ki izhaja iz pogodbenih obveznosti med izvajalci dejavnosti zasebnega varovanja in naročniki storitev zasebnega varovanja. Activity of private security is one of the most responsible activities in the modern world. It is shown how the legal responsibility of the private security sector is regulated. First, the general legal definitions of liability are shown systematically. All these forms of liability refer to the activities of private security. In the field of private security special crimes are not sanctioned, and there is no specific legislation in civil liability. In both areas of responsibility are subject to the general scheme. Special responsibility on the private security sector refers only to violations of the provisions of the Private Security Act, which are defined in this Act as misdemeanors, certain penalties are also provided for the offenders, while the process itself is regulated by the act which defines offenses. Nevertheless, it should also be liability arising from the employment contract and the contractual liability arising out of contractual obligations between private security operators and clients of private security services.