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Southern Africa has a long history of intra-regional migration, dating back to the mid-19th century. An increasing number of people migrated to escape poverty, seek livelihoods or escape from political upheavals and civil strife, such as the Mozambican and Angolan civil wars. The patterns and scale of these population movements across the globe are constantly in flux. In spite of South Africa being a signatory to all African Union and Southern African Development Community protocols, little has been achieved with regard to the integration of migrants into mainstream welfare services. This qualitative study aimed to explore and describe the perceptions of church leaders on the integration of migrant youth in Musina into South Africa. The new economics theory of migration was used to understand migrant youth’s conditions from their host countries, which predisposed them to migrate and end up having challenges of being integrated into South Africa. A descriptive case-study design was used to purposively select two church leaders who are the key informants for migrant youth in their churches. Semi-structured interviews were followed, and data were analysed thematically through Nvivo software. Findings show that many problems migrant youth face start with problems around documentation, which leads to their inaccessibility to government services, poor living conditions and starvation. Findings also show that migrant youth face challenges of rejection and discrimination by local citizens. Therefore, stakeholders in Musina should be empowered to collaborate their services for the integration of immigrants into the mainstream activities of South Africa.

Mengikuti tren universal coverage, sejak awal tahun 2000, pemerintah Indonesia menyusun kebijakan yang ambisius terhadap sistem asuransi kesehatan negara dalam mengejar cakupan universal dan adil dengan distribusi ulang yang lebih besar. Untuk itu, pemerintah membuat Undang-Undang Nomor 40 tentang Sistem Jaminan Sosial Nasional (SJSN) tahun 2004. UU ini mengamanatkan bahwa jaminan sosial adalah sesuatu yang wajib tersedia bagi seluruh rakyat Indonesia, termasuk di dalamnya Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN) melalui suatu Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial (BPJS). Penyempurnaan dan pelaksanaan dari konsep jaminan sosial tersebut kemudian direalisasikan melalui pembentukan badan penyelanggara teknis yang tertuang dalam Undang-Undang No. 24 Tahun 2011 tentang Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial (BPJS) yang terdiri atas BPJS Kesehatan dan BPJS Ketenagakerjaan. BPJS Kesehatan bertugas untuk melaksanakan program Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN) yang implementasinya dimulai pada tanggal 1 Januari tahun 2014. Konsep JKN mengintegrasikan mekanisme bantuan social (social assistance) oleh negara ditujukan untuk penduduk yang kurang mampu, sehingga seluruh penduduk pada saatnya nanti akan menjadi peserta JKN. Asuransi kesehatan ini diharapkan akan mengurangi risiko masyarakat dalam menanggung biaya kesehatan dari kantong sendiri out of pocket, yang seringkali jumlahnya sulit diprediksi dan seringkali membutuhkan biaya yang sangat besar. Melalui asuransi kesehatan sosial ini, peserta hanya membayar premi dengan besaran tetap, untuk meng-cover biaya layanan kesehatan yang mungkin timbul manakala mereka sakit. Akan tetapi, program JKN masih menghadapi berbagai kendala, terutama berkaitan dengan keseimbangan antara optimalisasi manfaat dengan ketersediaan sumber dana yang menyebabkan defisit bagi BPJS. Persoalan tersebut perlu diatasi dengan melakukan upaya revitalisasi kebijakan yang ada sehingga program JKN dapat terus berkelanjutan.

The Therapeutic Pedagogy Ward assumed a central position within the Viennese welfare system soon after its opening in 1911. The minors being observed were thought to be "difficult", "neglected" or suffering from mental or physical disabilities. Some were admitted to assess their (intellectual) abilities and released with an expert report either on how to further treat or where to place them. By analysing expert opinions from 1912 to the 1970s, this paper examines the cooperation of the institutions involved in this endeavour. For that purpose, it not only studies the contents of these expert opinions but focuses on language, shedding light on acceptance, understanding and appropriation of therapeutic pedagogic concepts in related disciplines. Thus, by investigating the practice of categorizing individuality, this article highlights common forms of typing in therapeutic pedagogy and its importance beyond the narrow institutional setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Welfare systems are often perceived as key for migration decisions. Yet traditional international migration theories usually include this factor as rather static in nature and do not acknowledge the dynamic interaction with the individual life course. This is unfortunate, as the impact of macro-level circumstances on individual migration decisions may vary over a person's life, particularly for factors that are intrinsically connected to the life course, as is the case with the welfare system. In this study, we propose an innovative conceptual model which fruitfully combines insights from migration theories with principles of the life course approach. Using qualitative interview data from 36 European citizens born in Poland, Spain and the UK and residing in the Netherlands, we investigated how welfare systems are perceived and experienced at the individual level, and how these perceptions, knowledge and practices may enter migration decisions. Our study empirically underpins the main premise of the theoretical model that migration decisions and the factors shaping them should be explained as connected through the life course. The proposed conceptual model is suitable to explain the influence of welfare systems on migration decisions, but also that of other structural factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This contribution analyses in detail a series of instructional television programmes for schools produced between the 1950s and the 1980s on national health insurance and the French social welfare system (known as Sécurité sociale). We consider the televisualization of health issues from two alternative perspectives: school television as a type of public health service and access as a matter of social welfare and public health. We investigate how these television programmes, which focus closely on social welfare administration, sought both to educate captive school audiences as future citizens and to shape and form their attitudes towards it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When a person experiences a severe stroke, their relatives must assume the role of partners in the rehabilitation process. Drawing on Bourdieu's field theory, we investigated the potential gap between the subjective expectations of relatives in terms of the assistance and care they can offer patients with severe brain injuries and the objective constraints of a healthcare field. Using data from observations, as well as interviews with relatives and official documents, our study shows how some relatives, reliant on their habitus, bring to their collaboration with healthcare professionals an expectation that the healthcare field will be able to take care of their multiple individual needs. However, due to hysteresis – a gap between their dispositions and the objective possibilities of the transformed healthcare field – these relatives are not equipped to recognise, grasp and occupy their new field position. We conclude that Bourdieu's theoretical concept of hysteresis may help to understand how changes in the healthcare field may lead to a mismatch between the field and the habitus manifested in interactions between patients, relatives and healthcare professionals, so that the ill-adjusted habitus of relatives leads to missed chances in relation to the opportunities objectively offered by the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study proposes a novel step and stair lifting system for wheelchair. In general households, it is difficult for setting the step/stair lift to provide a large space at the front of the entrance, because the size of the system is very large. In addition, the system requires an actuator separate from the lifting drive for folding the platform and wheel-stops. As the number of actuators increases, the scale of the system also increases. Therefore, a stair and step lifting system were designed to satisfy these concepts as follows: 1) do not occupy the space in lower floor side, 2) stair and step common system, and 3) one degree of freedom mechanism. Based on these concepts, the proposed system has only one degree of freedom for driving rail to lift platform, and can be installed at both the stairs and the step by changing the inclination of the driving rail. In this paper, the designs for the step and stair of the proposed system are described. Furthermore, mechanisms for folding a platform and mechanisms for opening and closing wheel-stops are proposed using the lifting drive. For lifting motion, the disturbance observer is integrated to the control system. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed systems are elucidated through the experiments.

Southern Africa has a long history of intra-regional migration, dating back to the mid-19th century. An increasing number of people migrated to escape poverty, seek livelihoods or escape from political upheavals and civil strife, such as the Mozambican and Angolan civil wars. The patterns and scale of these population movements across the globe are constantly in flux. In spite of South Africa being a signatory to all African Union and Southern African Development Community protocols, little has been achieved with regard to the integration of migrants into mainstream welfare services. This qualitative study aimed to explore and describe the perceptions of church leaders on the integration of migrant youth in Musina into South Africa. The new economics theory of migration was used to understand migrant youth's conditions from their host countries, which predisposed them to migrate and end up having challenges of being integrated into South Africa. A descriptive case-study design was used to purposively select two church leaders who are the key informants for migrant youth in their churches. Semi-structured interviews were followed, and data were analysed thematically through Nvivo software. Findings show that many problems migrant youth face start with problems around documentation, which leads to their inaccessibility to government services, poor living conditions and starvation. Findings also show that migrant youth face challenges of rejection and discrimination by local citizens. Therefore, stakeholders in Musina should be empowered to collaborate their services for the integration of immigrants into the mainstream activities of South Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Quality of Life (1018-0389) / Calitatea Vieţii is the property of Romanian Academy Publishing House / Editura Academiei Romane and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Social Policy Issues / Problemy Polityki Społecznej is the property of Faculty of Political Sciences & International Studies at University of Warsaw and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

• Family solidarity is determinant in the subjective well-being of elderly people in Mediterranean countries. • Loneliness is associated with a bad perception of the health in southern European countries. • Subjective well-being is associated with the economic standard of living in Northern European countries. • Social policies have a positive impact on the subjective well-being of elderly people in Northern and Central Europe. Recent decades have seen numerous changes in family structures and typologies in response to the progressive ageing of the population. The main aim of this analysis is to explore how the structure of the households where people live affects their quality of life and well-being. The analysis presented here is based on data from the countries participating in the third wave of the European Quality of Life Survey (EQLS) in 2012. The methodological approach is based on a combination of descriptive and explanatory analysis. The findings presented highlight the relevance of the family in the subjective well-being and quality of life of elderly people in European countries. The data analysed point to the conclusion that the intensity of the multigenerational households is inversely related with perceived well-being and quality of life. This inverse relationship may indirectly be explained by the degree of development of social policies, which is higher in countries with lower intensity of this type of household. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The present study addressed institutionalised children and staff members' perspectives about bullying in Residential Care settings (RCs) in five European countries (Bulgaria, France, Greece, Italy and Romania.). Interviews and focus groups were conducted respectively with 123 institutionalised children and adolescents (age range: 6–18) and staff members (N = 95; age range: 23-63). Thematic analysis was adopted to analyse the data. Overall, findings indicated that participants were not fully aware of the specific features of bullying. Children and adolescents considered bullying as a normative behaviour and were reluctant to ask for adults' help when bullying happened. Staff members attributed bullying to children's traumatic experiences and to a need for adults' attention. Findings shed light on the lack of standardised protocols and of professional trainings to tackle bullying. Implications for intervention programs aimed at preventing and tackling bullying are discussed. Highlights • This study investigated children and staff members' understanding and experiences of bullying in RCs. • Peer hierarchies and interchangeability of bullying roles were the main futures of bullying in RCs. • Staff members viewed bullying as the result of children's traumatic experiences. • Children mostly expressed their distrust in the anti-bullying measures adopted by the staff members. • Overall, standardised protocols to deal with bullying were missing in all facilities involved in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]