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Online engineering learning relies so much on web space in addition to its essential tools` elements. Since the evolution of individual elements masterminds, the dynamic behaviour of technology-enhanced learning, understanding the drifts of the various aspects of the learning tool is inevitable. It indicates the imperativeness of investigating the previous events of the elements of the learning tools and outcomes pointing to the future. This study examines related theories and past heuristic summaries that covered the learning tool. It also reviews pieces of literature that highlighted grey areas in the future because of changing technology. It uses a web search process for free, full-text and peer-reviewed articles available as at search time, and subsequently applies inclusion-exclusion principles to arrive at relevant texts. The review finds that studies on these elements came after the year 2000, and more focused on technology and design even though the mainstay of various empirical works was towards efficient learning of skills in engineering. It features definite highlights requesting for consideration in the future as internet-of-things reaches the global space.

The differences in the anatomy of the foot and the hand may affect the dorsal flap design for web space reconstruction. In this study, the authors aimed to identify the differences in web space anatomy of the foot and the hand and provide a guideline of flap design for web space reconstruction in the foot and the hand. The right hands and right feet of adult volunteers were measured, including surgical landmarks (i.e., the dorsal prominence of proximal interphalangeal and metacarpophalangeal joints [or metatarsophalangeal joints]), proximal phalangeal length, tip of the web space, and width of web space. The web spaces and other parameters were analyzed and compared between the foot and the hand by using a paired t test with p < .05 to indicate statistical significance. A total of 108 web spaces of the foot and hand from 18 adult volunteers were analyzed. The parameters that were significantly different between the foot and the hand included (1) proximal phalangeal length (34.63 vs 60.16 mm), (2) average web height ratio (0.72 vs 0.51), (3) average web width ratio (0.69 vs 0.81), (4) mean slope angle (4.89° vs 19.26°), and (5) average abduction angle (25.33° vs 31.07°). In conclusion, the foot web space had a higher slope angle, less abduction angle, and shorter proximal phalangeal length. Therefore, the flap design for foot web space reconstruction requires a longer and narrower flap than the design for the hand. The recommended flap design length should be at least 72% of proximal phalangeal length for the foot versus 51% for the hand, and the width should be at least 69% of the distance between the tips of adjacent metatarsophalangeal joints for the foot versus 81% for the hand.

Background: There are several congenital hand differences that cause thumb-index (TI) web space deficiency. There is a knowledge gap in the literature about the hand differences that are associated with TI web space deficiency. We aimed to identify these congenital differences and the various specific reconstructive surgical procedures that are used for these conditions. Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of children treated operatively over a period of 30 years for congenital TI web space deficiency by the senior author (G.M.R.). We gathered data on demographics and associated congenital hand differences and compiled a list of all surgical procedures performed for the web space and the ipsilateral upper extremity. Results: We included 71 patients (77 hands) with 12 congenital hand differences (62 developmental and 9 spastic). The total number of upper extremity operations, (ie), anesthetics performed for these patients was 186, averaging 2.6 settings and 7.5 procedures for each patient. Cutaneous reconstructive procedures included first dorsal metacarpal artery pedicle flaps (49 patients), 4-flap Z-plasties (15), and transposition flaps (13). In addition, 16 different thumb reconstructive procedures were necessary. Ten patients required revision of their TI web space procedures for recurrence. Conclusions: The prevalence of TI web space deficiency is underappreciated. These patients often have multiple musculoskeletal anomalies of the hand and upper extremity that should be ruled out and require surgical treatment to optimize hand function. Consideration should be given to performing more than one procedure in one setting when possible.

The development of communication technologies has led to the fact that people spend much of their time in the Internet, communicating with friends, colleagues. Because of this, the problem of virtual self-identification and self-presentation became. Virtual space is a huge variety of various sociocultural aspects of human life. It breaks up into many connected and not-connected different worlds in which each subject finds a place for himself. The individual in the new sociocultural environment has to think over what and how he will tell about himself in the virtual community. This paper reviews the boundaries between fictitious and real characteristics of the selfpresentation. The research considers the key problems of creating virtual personality: anonymity on the Internet; allocation of a virtual personality carrier; voluntary and involuntary in the construction of the personality. Given the ways of distortion involved in the representation itself in cyberspace with the purpose of creating socially desirable or ideal personality. This paper considers the results of such mass information distortion by Internet users. The formation and modification of the virtual “ago” affects the real person, his “self” in real life. And the influence of the virtual “ago” on a real person can be both positive and negative. The article presents the most dangerous problems that a person faces in the process of socialization in the virtual space.

Double ray amputation of the hand due to malignancy is extremely rare, with a paucity of published cases. We reviewed the literature and analysed our own experience in order to familiarise clinicians with this rare condition through a discussion of its diagnosis, management and prognosis. We present the case of a 54-year-old male with invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the 2nd web space. He underwent a double ray amputation of the 2nd and 3rd fingers with a radial fillet flap and has begun range of motion exercises after six weeks. SCC of the hand requiring a double ray amputation is extremely rare. An MRI is required to accurately diagnose and manage this condition. The ray amputation technique is important for ensuring negative margins. A fillet flap should be used to close the defect as it provides a sensate web-space and improves motor function prognosis.

Distraction osteogenesis has become the most used method for bone lengthening and deformity correction including the bones of the hand and foot. The principle techniques used for hand bone lengthening in posttraumatic and congenital conditions using available external fixators are based on this method. We present the technical specifications and surgical techniques with the use of a mini-fixator that was specially designed for short tubular bones. The surgical techniques of lengthening and web space skin stock creation for future web-pasty are supplied with the diagrams of their application to phalanges and illustrative clinical cases. Between 1999 and 2012, this mini-fixator was used for lengthening of 223 finger segments at our hospital and provided improvement of the hand esthetics and functions.

Background: Soft tissue reconstruction of the first web space remained a challenge for plastic and reconstructive surgeons. First web space adduction contractures are a common consequence of hand burns. Many reconstructive techniques are used and investigation for more effective methods continues. Objective: assess the range of movement as regard opposition, palmar abduction and thumb extension. Also assessed the depth of web space after reconstruction of post burn contracted first web space to ass the method of covering the defect after release.. Materials and Methods: 35 patients’ ages ranged from 12 to 59 years (with mean 31.7), years; 23 males and 12 females admitted to our Hospital during the period from June 2008 to May 2012. All patients were suffering from post-burn first web contractures. The patients underwent a variety of surgical procedures. The follow-up period ranged from one to three years. Results: Full range of motion achieved in most patients, but not those with joint affections. Conclusions: In our experience, surgical correction of first web space contractures- in the form of flaps good results followed by skin grafts- results in meaningful functional enhancement. The outcomes depend primarily on the severity of contracture. Functionally limiting recontracture is rare in our experience and its best prevented by appropriate therapy Keywords: Contracture; Burns; First web space reconstruction.

Pilonodal sinus in the palmar web-space of a barber is an acquired occupational disease. The mechanism involved in the pathogenesis is the insult caused to the subcutaneous tissue due to constant friction and penetration of hair. It can recur after doing surgical excision as exposure to hair remains even after treatment. Therefore, it needs to be managed systematically to prevent recurrence. We are presenting a report of 35 year male barber presented with a recurrent discharging sinus in palmar web space which on further evaluation turned out to be a pilonidal sinus. We managed the patient with wide surgical excision with primary closure and to prevent recurrence we used modified gloves, which were specially designed for the patient. There was no recurrence seen for 6 months and hence the patient got completely cured of the disease. We are also presenting brief review of literature related to aetio-pathogenesis, prevention and management of this condition.

Summary:. Syndactyly of the hand is commonly treated using local flaps with skin grafts; however, contractures and/or pigmentation pose a challenge, requiring repeated surgery. Here, we describe a case of a 1-year-old boy who underwent web transplantation for syndactyly. To the best of our knowledge, no “web for web” transplantations have been documented in pediatric literature. Because the patient had an “extra” web space, functional and aesthetic reconstruction was performed with careful preparation. The vascular pattern was assessed using high-resolution ultrasonography. The flap was harvested under a microscope, intravascular stenting was performed for secure anastomosis, and the adequacy of circulation in the flap was verified using the indocyanine green test. Each technique in the procedure used by us contributed to making the microsurgery safer. The present case suggests that “web for web” is a favorable treatment option for some cases, although these would be limited in number.

Osteochondromas are the most common benign bone tumors, which usually affect the metaphyseal region of long bones. Foot is an unusual location for these tumors with phalanges being a much rare site. Only a few case reports have been made of phalangeal osteochondromas. A patient with proximal phalangeal osteochondroma of third toe, presenting clinically as widening of the third web space, is described. A simple extraperiosteal excision of the tumor was done which resolved his forefoot deformity. At five years followup the patient had no recurrence or symptoms.

We are describing a new technique to utilize the skin of the cleft as a bipedicle flap to reconstruct and to widen the narrow first web space in congenital central deficiency. The skin of the cleft maintains its attachments on the dorsal and palmar aspects of the hand and the index finger is passed (tunneled) underneath it so that the skin of the cleft comes to occupy the first web space. This technique ensures maintenance of good blood supply of the skin of the cleft and a rounded edge of the first web without scars across it.

Background Syndactyly reconstruction incorporates techniques of applying skin grafts or dorsal advancement flaps without the use of skin grafts. Comparative outcome studies of these two approaches are lacking. The authors' study compares the long-term aesthetic outcomes of these two flap techniques. Methods Forty-five patients were included in the authors' study. The methods of reconstruction used were a dorsally based rectangular flap with skin graft from the groin and a dorsal pentagonal advancement flap without skin grafting. Eighteen independent raters completed a visual analogue scale and a unique classification scale to subjectively assess aesthetic outcomes. The authors used univariate analyses to determine which variables significantly influenced the outcome score. The authors then used multivariable regression models to compare the two flap types. Results Dorsally based rectangular flaps with skin graft had statistically significantly better visual analogue scale scores and greater odds of receiving an "excellent" rating compared with dorsal pentagonal advancement flaps. Conclusions Despite the use of skin grafting, with its associated donor-site morbidity, dorsal rectangular flaps may offer better overall aesthetic outcomes for patients. Future comparative studies should incorporate functional and patient-reported outcomes to better assess the optimal reconstruction type. Clinical question/level of evidence Therapeutic, III.

We studied anomalies of the common digital arteries by dissecting 33 fresh cadaver hands under magnification. In the majority of the dissected hands (25 hands), common digital arteries took off from the superficial palmar arch and ran superficial and parallel to the flexor tendons. Variations were found in eight out of 33 hands. In four hands the common digital artery to the second web space was replaced by an atypical vessel, originating from the deep palmar arch, that crossed posterior to the index flexor tendons proximal to the A1 pulley. In eight hands, the common digital artery to the fourth web space was replaced by an atypical deeper vessel, originating from the superficial palmar arch and crossing posterior to the little finger flexors. No nerve anomalies were identified. Unrecognized, these atypical arteries to the second and/or fourth web spaces could lead to vascular complications during surgery, especially pollicization.

Background: The clinical presentation of radial polydactyly can vary greatly. Careful planning and appreciation of the anatomic subtleties provides alternative surgical options to improve patient outcomes. Methods: We present a case of a well-formed accessory web space thumb and a hypoplastic primary thumb. Results: Rather than excising the accessory digit, we performed a spare-part, on-top-plasty reconstruction to replace the diminutive distal phalanx of the primary thumb. Conclusions: This novel case applied the principle of spare-part surgery to reconstruct a more aesthetic and functional reconstructed digit.

The biggest challenge of Web application is the inestimable losses arising from security flaws. Two approaches were advanced by a number of scholars to provide security to Web space. One of such approach is vulnerability assessment, which is a conscious effort to isolate, identify and recognize potentials vulnerabilities exploited by attackers. The second being the estimation and determination of level of risks/threats posed to Web applications by vulnerabilities obvious to the developer (or tester); this is generally referred to as penetration testing. Recently, there is Vulnerability Assessment and Penetration Testing (VAPT) that combined these two schemes to improve safety and effectively combat the menace of attackers on Web applications. This paper proposed Fuzzy Classifier-based Vulnerability and Assessment Testing (FCVAPT) model to provide security for sensitive data/information in Web applications. Cross Site Scripting (XSS) and Structured Query Language (SQL) injections were selected for evaluation of proposed FCVAPT model. FCVAPT model’s classification performance for MSE, MAPE and RMSE were 33.33, 14.81% and 5.77% respectively. FCVAPT is considerably effective for detecting vulnerability and ascertaining the nature of threats/risks available to Web applications.

First web space contractures commonly occur in dorsal, palmar, and total hand burns, and can have a significant impact on overall hand function because thumb abduction and opposition are either impaired or lost. The functional deficiencies include loss of grasp and loss of key pinch. When a first web space adduction contracture occurs, it justifies surgical intervention. Despite the abundance of surgical methods, the problem of reconstruction of the first web space has not been resolved. No comparative studies have reviewed the effectiveness of various methods of reconstruction, so there has been no clear understanding of what surgical method to choose under any given conditions. Based on personal clinical observations, the three basic anatomical types of thumb adduction contractures were identified, and the methods of reconstruction for each type were developed. With the use of these plasty methods, all web space scar contractures can be eliminated completely and definitively.

Extraskeletal osteochondroma is a rare benign tumor that occurs predominantly in the soft tissues of the hands and feet. The congenital occurrence of this lesion in children is very rare. We report the case of a 9-year-old male who presented with slowly progressive swelling in his left third web space since birth that was painful with prolonged walking and had displaced his fourth toe further laterally, causing both functional and cosmetic problems. Radiographs and computed tomography revealed a well-circumscribed densely ossified lesion. Excision biopsy of the lesion showed a lobulated extraskeletal osteochondroma. At the end of 1 year of follow-up, the child had had no recurrence. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of congenital extraskeletal osteochondroma of the foot in English-language published studies.

Background. The etiology of foot intertrigo is varied. Several pathogens and skin conditions might play a role in toe web space lesions.Objective. To identify the possible etiological causes of toe web space lesions.Methods. 100 Egyptian patients were enrolled in this study (72 females and 28 males). Their ages ranged from 18 to 79 years. For every patient, detailed history taking, general and skin examinations, and investigations including Wood’s light examination, skin scraping for potassium hydroxide test, skin swabs for bacterial isolation, and skin biopsy all were done.Results. Among the 100 patients, positive Wood’s light fluorescence was observed in 24 and positive bacterial growth was observed in 85. With skin biopsy, 52 patients showed features characteristic for eczema, 25 showed features characteristic for fungus, 19 showed features characteristic for callosity, and 3 showed features characteristic for wart while in only 1 patient the features were characteristic for lichen planus.Conclusion. Toe web space lesions are caused by different etiological factors. The most common was interdigital eczema (52%) followed by fungal infection (25%). We suggest that patients who do not respond to antifungals should be reexamined for another primary or secondary dermatologic condition that may resemble interdigital fungal infection.

Background Detecting more number of functional lymphatic vessels is the essential point in lymphaticovenous anastomosis (LVA). The purpose of this prospective study was to elucidate the efficacy of multi-area injection in indocyanine green (ICG) lymphography in LVA. Methods We injected ICG into the first web spaces of the feet or the second web space of the hands, subcutaneously. In multi-area injection group, we injected additional ICG in other areas. We determined the incision design of LVA on the line at about 5 cm distal to dermal backflow point. In control group, we determined the incision site based on the linear pattern in ICG lymphography and lymphoscintigraphic findings. We performed LVA, and evaluated the circumference change and the intraoperative condition of the collecting lymphatic vessels based on Normal, Ectasis, Contraction, and Sclerosis Type (NECST) classification. Results Sixty patients (115 limbs) in multi-injection group and 49 patients (81 limbs) in control group were included. We injected ICG into an average of 1.9 sites in multi-injection group. The average number of anastomoses per limb was 3.3 in both groups. The average circumference change was -1.83% in multi-injection group and -0.34% in control group (P = .021). The percentage of the Ectasis type lymphatic vessels was 59.0% in multi-injection group and 40.2% in control group (P = 3.30 × 10-5 ). Conclusions By injecting ICG into multiple sites in the affected limbs, we could detect a greater number of functional lymphatic vessels (Ectasis type) during LVA. This could lead to a better surgical result.

As we move into the mobile era, many functionalities in standard web services are being re-implemented in mobile apps and services, including many security-related functionalities. However, it has been observed that security features that are standardized in the PC and web space are often not implemented correctly by app developers resulting in serious security vulnerabilities. For instance, prior work has shown that the standard SSL/TLS certificate validation logic in browsers is not implemented securely in mobile apps. In this paper, we study a related question: given that many web services are offered both via browsers/webpages and mobile apps, are there any discrepancies between the security policies of the two?

Summary Aim The aim of the study was to describe the use of a bilobed flap for web formation of syndactyly release, which decreases the need for graft and also avoids the use of skin grafting in syndactyly cases. Methods A retrospective review of this procedure was performed for 15 web space reconstructions. Patients were aged 20–23 years. The mean follow-up period was 7–12 months (mean 7 + 3.2). The operations were performed for the beneficial use of the dorsal hand skin by lowering the need for a skin graft. The flap was on the dorsum of the hand and proximal phalanx and was used for web formation. Results Surgery was completed without skin grafting in nine cases of 14 web spaces; two of them were complex/complete syndactylies, and two of them were simple/complete syndactylies. We used a skin graft in one patient because of triangular flap necrosis in a second operation. The use of a bilobed flap allowed the construction of web spaces, providing satisfactory cosmetic outcomes. No partial necrosis or complications was observed in bilobed flaps. No secondary correction was needed during the follow-up period. Conclusion The present surgical technique could be a new surgical option for web formation and reconstruction in primary and secondary cases, especially in an adult population in which the skin on the dorsum of the hand is more pliable. Level of Evidence : IV.

Several techniques have been described for cleft hand closure and web space reconstruction in patients with central deficiency; however, long-term documentation of results is rare. We present a 23-year follow-up of a patient who underwent the Miura procedure for a Manske type IIb cleft hand exhibiting long-term aesthetic and functional success. In addition, early skin flap necrosis and late web space contracture, which have been seen after the Snow-Littler procedure, did not occur in this case.

Item does not contain fulltext OBJECTIVE: To explore patients' experiences with online health communities in which both physicians and patients participate (i.e. patient-to-doctor or 'P2D' communities). METHODS: A qualitative content analysis was conducted, based on observations in five P2D communities ranging from 8 to 21 months, and semi-structured interviews (N=17) with patients. RESULTS: Patients consider information from physicians and peers as two distinct sources, value both sources differently and appreciate accessing both in the same web space. According to respondents, physicians can provide 'reliable' and evidence-based information, while patients add experience-based information. Patients use this information for multiple purposes, including being informed about scientific research and personal reflection. CONCLUSION: Patients find P2D communities beneficial because they help patients to collect information from both medical experts and experiential experts in one place. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Patients use P2D communities to perform medical, emotional and lifestyle activities. The presence of physicians in P2D communities may inadvertently suggest that the quality of information used for the activities, is controlled. When information is not officially being checked, this should be stated explicitly on the website and supplemented with a statement that information is only indicative and that patients should at all times contact their own physicians.

Weblogs are the concept of approving the internet today. In the use of blogs, students do not need technical knowledge and equipment, easy use and management. The attractive and functional personal web space in the blog usually has a main menu from the core that allows the blog, based on one page displayed on the main page of the blog on the internet network. The development of the current blog comes to the utilization of learning, with blogs and the internet as a source of learning the level of insight in student material is increasingly widespread. Especially for social science subjects which not only require theory in learning but also practice in the field, in this case the blog is very useful to help in the illustration of the practice. The results of the feasibility analysis based on the material validation of the material produced were 3.64 with the category "Good" on all aspects of the material. The results of the feasibility analysis based on media expert validation of the blog were developed in 4 categories "Good" in all aspects. The results of the feasibility analysis according to the teacher on blog products amounted to 4.45 with the category "Very Good". The results of the trial using learning media according to students amounted to 4.33 with the category "Very Good". This is consistent with research conducted where with the use of blogs, students increasingly have increased learning activeness and ease in accessing learning resources that have an impact on student success in learning

The author outlines the goals, objectives and principles of the “Model Standard for Public Library Services”, developed and approved by the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation in the Year of Culture in 2014. There is given the description of the Model Standard, specified the principles of its development. There is identified the primary goal of the Model Standard, which is to enhance the cultural and educational mission of a public library. There are presented statistical data of libraries for the last five years. There are listed organizations and institutions participated in the development of the Model Standard, specified the events, where the discussionsof the Draft Model Standard took place. There are considered three areas of library activities: library as an educational center, library as an active agent in Web space, library as a custodian of cultural heritage. This document marks the beginning of the new stage of libraries development.

In our experience, previous flaps designed for correction of the skin deficiency in complex clasped thumb do not sufficiently address the palmar contracture of the deformity. Moreover, the index finger flap, previously described by Ezaki and Oishi, provides insufficient skin at its apex with the possibility of incomplete correction and the frequent need of a thenar release incision. This article describes a flap designed for widening of the narrow thumb-index web space and release of the palmar thumb contracture in cases of congenital clasped thumb. This flap provides sufficient correction of the palmar contracture and at the same time provides adequate width and depth of the thumb-index web space.

Neoprene orthoses are used extensively in treating conditions of the hand when flexibility and support are sought. Devices such as these may be prefabricated from Neoprene alone or may include a thermoplastic or metal stay. Neoprene devices can also be custom fabricated by a practitioner in a time effective manner and at low cost. The custom fabricated orthosis described in this article is designed to support the thumb in a position of palmar abduction and opposition while maintaining CMC extension and an adequately open web space to prevent soft tissue contracture.

Syndactyly and postburn contracture of the digits are the common cases seen in a hand clinic. Their management can be roughly divided into 3 stages. In stage 1, syndactyly/postburn contracture of the digits are surgically released; in stage 2, surgical wound care is provided; and in stage 3, the patient undergoes physiotherapy (rehabilitation). The most common method of immobilizing the digit after the release is by plaster of Paris splints. Its demerit includes loss of correction, painful postoperative dressing, and suboptimal graft uptake due to improper immobilization and maceration. We describe a simple and effective method of mitigating the above-mentioned drawbacks using a mini external fixator, after the release of the contracted fingers. The use of this fixator also helps during the surgery (stage 1) as resurfacing of the raw areas becomes quick because 2 surgeons can perform this simultaneously. The web can be further opened up using the fixator to facilitate the suturing of the FTG/flap, after which it can be brought back to its normal position. As the dimension of the raw area created is fully defined it becomes easier to suture the flap/graft with appropriate tension and tie-over dressing. The postoperative dressings become easier and pain free. The maceration of the skin graft and skin margin is reduced as the compressive dressing can be applied to individual fingers rather than a collective dressing. It is advantageous even in stage 3 as it allows the surgeon to customize the splint for each finger.

A number of communications in the work of the informative sites of leading scientific organizations of the Russian Federation, including in the structure of the Russian Academy of Sciences and Federal Agency of Scientific Organizations is researched.

World Wide Web is a dynamic source of information which is expanding its content at a staggering rate. Individual search engines are not able to handle the exponential nature of web. Hence meta-search engines are used to solve the problem of low web space information coverage rate of individual search engines. A meta-search engine is a kind of search tool that dynamically dispatches user query to the underlying search engines, hence providing parallel access to multiple search engines and then aggregate the results to present single consolidated result list to user. In this paper, a novel meta-search engine, MetaFusion, has been proposed. The proposed algorithm combines fuzzy AHP with genetic algorithm to get more comprehensive and optimized results. Experimental results shows that relevancy of results returned by MetaFusion is more than several existing research Metasearch engines. The precision of MetaFusion is more when compared with Dogpile and Infospace.

AimsMorton’s neuroma is common condition of the forefoot, but its aetiology remains unclear. Our aim was to evaluate the relationship between the width of the forefoot and the development of a Morton’s neuroma.Patients and MethodsBetween January 2013 and May 2016, a total of 84 consecutive patients (17 men, 67 women) with a unilateral Morton’s neuroma were enrolled into the study. The involved and uninvolved feet of each patient were compared. A control group of patients with symptoms from the foot, but without a neuroma who were matched for age, gender, affected side, and web space location, were enrolled. The first to fifth intermetatarsal distance, intermetatarsal angle and intermetatarsal distance of involved web space on standing radiographs were assessed.ResultsThe inter- and intra-observer reliability was excellent. The three parameters did not differ significantly between the involved and uninvolved feet. Neither did they differ significantly between the patients and the controls.ConclusionWe conclude that there is no significant relationship between the width of the forefoot and the development of a Morton’s neuroma. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:365–8.

Antena 3 es una de las cadenas de televisión más importantes en España y es la cadena española pionera en la apuesta por las nuevas tecnologías. Por ello, es de interés analizar su web para determinar su oferta de contenidos y las herramientas utilizadas para interactuar con sus públicos identificando, además, el uso que hace de las redes sociales. Con este objetivo, se realiza un análisis cualitativo del sitio web centrado en analizar veintiuna variables focalizadas en los campos descritos (contenidos, interactividad y redes sociales). Estas han sido establecidas a partir de la combinación de parámetros formulados en la propuesta de análisis de webs de televisión de Codina, Aubia y Sánchez (2008) y los indicadores de interacción descritos por Rodríguez-Martínez, Codina y Pedraza-Jiménez (2012). Gracias a ellas, es posible determinar la carencia de Antena3 en la gestión de sus perfiles sociales y en la interactividad generada mediante la comunidad virtual que conforma a través de su espacio web. No obstante, estas variables también justifican cómo, a pesar de esto, antena3.com es un espacio en el que la cadena pone a disposición del usuario una completa y bien organizada oferta de contenidos apostando así, por la difusión de estos a través de Internet. One of the most important television channel in Spain is Antena 3. Furthermore, it is a pioneer developing new technologies. Thus, it is interesting to research its website to determine its content offering and the tools used to interact with its audience, identifying the use of social networks too. To this end, we conduct a qualitative analysis of the web site. It consists in the examination of twenty-one variables focused on the fields described (content, interactivity and social networks). These variables are established through the parameters formulated in the proposed analysis of television websites by Codina, Aubia and Sanchez (2008). These are also determined based on the indicators of interaction described by Rodríguez-Martínez, Codina and Pedraza-Jimenez (2012). Thereby, it is possible to identify a lack of communication between Antena 3 social profiles and its followers. Also, there is an absence of interactivity in the virtual community within its web space. Despite this, these variables also justify that antena3.com is a space which offers the user a complete and well organized content.

Background Severe postburn web space contracture is a major challenge to the plastic surgeon. Surgical release and skin grafting are frequently associated with contracture recurrence (web creep).

Five years ago, the author survived a nasty car accident which brought her to the place of offering healing for others. This paper demonstrates how ‘patient users’ in web space may document a lot of their health details on their own in the form of narratives, as well as meticulously prepared lists that can be shared in ‘user driven health care’ forums and commented on by health professionals who genuinely want to help them. The author’s connection with non-mainstream healing is strong. This author shares that even after getting an MRI by a neuro-radiologist, the testing was not followed up by competent care. It was not carefully explained to her so she understood the implications of the lesions for further activities of daily living by the neuro-radiologist but rather it was left to the chiropractor to explain even though he may be ill-equipped to provide post injury brain care and life skills management. Finally, the narrative points toward the fine balance between finding effective treatment options and the responsibility of providing financially for oneself and family after a debilitating injury.

Summary The reconstruction of the third web space in Apert syndactyly often involves pedicled groin flaps to resurface exposed distal (and sometimes proximal) phalanges. We report a case in which the right-hand third web space was reconstructed with traditional pedicled groin flaps and the left hand with the Integra ® regenerative skin template. We report that both left and right hands achieved similar outcomes, but the hand reconstructed with groin flaps required debulking, whilst the hand reconstructed with Integra was easier to care for.

Purpose To test the hypothesis that division of muscle fibers lying over or within the transverse carpal ligament (TCL) in an open carpal tunnel release does not have an effect on outcomes in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Methods A total of 152 patients with a mean age of 57 years (range, 31–83 y) diagnosed with CTS were enrolled for intraoperative observation of the muscles overlying or within the TCL as seen through a 3-cm incision. These muscles when present were incised layer by layer in line with division of the TCL. Patients were divided into 3 groups according to the extent of the muscles covering the TCL. We compared the 3 groups for outcomes of surgery at 6 months in terms of the Boston and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) scores, grip and pinch powers, and scar pain. Results Of the 152 patients, 75 had a purely ligamentous TCL (group 1), 52 had muscle fibers covering 50% or less of the incision length (group 2), and 25 had muscle fibers covering more than 50% of the incision length (group 3). There were no differences in the postoperative Boston symptom and function scores and the DASH scores among the groups. In addition, there were no differences in the grip and pinch strengths and scar pain. Conclusions Division of the muscles overlying or within the TCL in line with the third web space incision does not affect postoperative outcomes after carpal tunnel release in terms of the Boston and DASH scores, grip and pinch powers, and scar pain. Type of study/level of evidence Prognostic I.

The main goal in syndactyly surgery is to create a normal web space; however, it is difficult to achieve the best clinical results in older and complex cases with bony fusions and joint deformities requiring osteotomies. In these complex cases, proper postoperative wound care is difficult to achieve due to the web contractures and deformities. In our report, we introduce a new technique using a frame that we called the "Hittite Sun," which helps in proper wound management to reduce wound healing problems that lead to web creep. Between 2002 and 2006, this frame was used in operations for 46 webs, and the results were compared with those of 30 operated webs in which conventional wound management technique was used. It was found that significantly lower complication rate and lesser web creep formation was seen in these patients, which were managed using the frame, compared with the cases with conventional wound care. The frame was found to be effective for prevention of severe web creep especially in complex synpolydactyly surgery.

The goal of this research is to study whether there is a significant correlation between how bilingual municipal Web sites receive links to their two domains in two languages and the extent of these languages among the population in the municipalities. It is shown that the domain in the majority language receive the majority of the links. Statistically significant correlations are found, suggesting that those creating the links are well aware of the language situation in the municipalities and use that knowledge when creating the links. Search engine Yahoo is found to give the most accurate results of link counts to the researched bilingual web space. Yahoo can therefore be recommended for webometric studies where language is a factor.

Recent research shows that online tools such as: games, wikis, speaking avatars, and interactive stories can be a positive force for English Language Learners (ELLs). It also shows that when ELLs have access to online tools, they are motivated to practice English outside the classroom (Aydin, 2007; Colombo & Colombo, 2007; Son, 2007). Most of this research is undertaken with older learners. This case study attempts to determine if young learners are motivated to practice English outside the classroom if provided with access to various online tools managed via a wiki. A wiki is a free educational web space, which allows a number of people to work together collaboratively on documents with embedded elements and linking. The teacher interviewed parents and kept observational notes. The study results suggest that the online tools improve the listening and speaking skills of young learners.

[Arch Clin Exp Surg 2014; 3(1.000): 66-68]

Composite steel–concrete flexural members have become increasingly popular in the design and construction of floor systems, structural frames, and bridges. A subtype of such composite floors is a system featuring composite trusses, also referred to as composite open-web joists, which can span large lengths and provide open web space for the installation of typical utility conduits. One problem that arises with respect to composite joists has been the installation of welded shear studs. In many composite trusses, the composite action can significantly reduce the required size and thickness of the top chord. The thinner the top chord member becomes, the more difficult it is to weld studs without burning through the base member. Likewise, as the joists get smaller, the greater the sweep (lateral out-of-straightness) tends to become. For these reasons, a form of shear connector other than welded shear studs is of interest. The results of the elemental push-out tests, analytical study and the resulting strength prediction models for the strength of the shear connection have previously been presented by the authors. This paper presents the analytical and experimental findings pertaining to the design and behavior of composite truss members with standoff screws as shear connectors.

The structural design of oil tankers and bulk carriers should be performed based on the Common Structural Rules(CSR) which were recently established by the International Association Classification Societies(IACS). At first, in the structural design viewpoint, the scantling and hullweight based on the CSR should be compared with those of existing rules, and then a minimum weight/cost design should be performed by considering the variation of the number of web and the material property. In this study, the optimum web space and material property will be proposed by performing a minimum weight/cost design of a large oil tanker, and the results will be compared with those of existing ship. The longitudinal members are determined by SeaTrust-Holdan developed by the Korean Register of Shipping(KR), and the transverse members are determined by NASTRAN and PULS.

This study examines the Buddhist message forum, E-sangha, to analyze how this forum’s founder and moderators ‘spiritualized the Internet’ (Campbell, 2005a, 2005b) using contemporary narratives of the global Buddhist community, and in doing so, provided these actors with the authority to determine the boundaries of Buddhist orthodoxy and identity and validate their control of the medium through social and technical means. Through a structural and textual analysis of E-sangha’s Web space, this study demonstrates how Web producers and forum moderators use religious community narratives to frame Web environments as sacred community spaces (spaces made suitable for religious activities), which inherently allows those in control of the site the authority to set the boundaries of religious orthodoxy and identity and hence, who can take part in the community.