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Copyright of Der Nephrologe is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Gefaesschirurgie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Gefaesschirurgie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Latar belakang. Masyarakat banyak yang tidak mengetahui bahwa kelainan endokrin pada anak membutuhkan penanganan yang khusus dari ahli endokrinologi anak. Tujuan penelitian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran kunjungan pasien endokrinologi anak dan remaja di RS H.Adam Malik Medan tahun 2000-2004. Metoda. Penelitian ini merupakan studi deskriptif retrospektif. Data diperoleh dari catatan rekam medik pasien yang berkunjung ke Poliklinik Endokrinologi Anak dan Remaja FKUSU/RS. H. Adam Malik Medan dalam kurun waktu Januari 2000-Desember 2004. Hasil. Terdapat 93 pasien yang berkunjung ke Poliklinik Endokrinologi Anak dan Remaja, 33 anak perempuan (35%) dan 60 anak laki-laki(65%). Sebaran umur pada saat datang pertama kali adalah 33 anak (35%) berusia 0-5 tahun, 25 anak (27%) berusia > 5-10 tahun, 25 anak (27) % > 10-15 tahun, dan 10 anak (11%) berusia >15 tahun. Keluhan utama yang paling sering muncul pada saat pasien datang berobat pertama kali adalah alat kelamin laki-laki kecil 15 kasus (16%) dan buah zakar tidak turun 15 kasus (16%), keluhan anak pendek 13 kasus (14%), benjolan di leher 12 kasus (13 %). Diagnosis yang dijumpai adalah kriptorkismus (20%), mikropenis (16%) dan hipotiroidisme kongenital (13%). Status gizi berdasarkan NCHS WHO 2000 pada pasien yang berkunjung terutama gizi baik, terdapat pada 22 kasus (23,6%). Kesimpulan. Kasus terbanyak berkunjung ke Poliklinik Endokrinologi Anak dan Remaja adalah kriptorkismus (20%), mikropenis (16%) dan hipotiroidisme kongenital (13%). Diduga masih banyak kasus endokrinologi anak dan remaja yang tidak ditangani oleh ahli endokrinologi anak secara komprehensif oleh karena kemungkinan banyak kasus yang tidak dirujuk.

Lupus eritematosus sistemik (LES) merupakan penyakit imunologik yang mengenai beberapa organ seperti sendi, kulit, ginjal, otak, dan organ lain. Kelainan susunan saraf pusat dapat berupa penurunan kesadaran, kejang, atau stroke. Perdarahan intrakranial jarang dilaporkan. Dilaporkan seorang anak laki-laki berumur 14 tahun, dirawat di Rumah Sakit Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM) dengan nefritis lupus. Pada usia 9 tahun, pasien didiagnosis sebagai auto-immune hemolytic anemia dan LES. Pasien diobati dengan metilprednisolon oral, tranfusi packed red cell berkala, dan terapi suportif lainnya, tetapi tidak adekuat. Lima tahun kemudian, badan pasien bengkak dan buang air kemih kemerahan. Pasien sadar, tekanan darah 140/100 mmHg, ruam kupu-kupu (-), hepatosplenomegali, edema palpebra dan tungkai. Urinalisis: protein +3, leukosit 4-5/LPB, eritrosit 80-100/LPB. Darah: Hb 6,9 g/dl; leukosit 4600/ul, HJ 1/76/22/1, trombosit 294.000/ul; LED 30 mm/jam; ureum 66 mg/dl, kreatinin 1,3 mg/dl, albumin 2,4 g/dl, kolesterol 145 mg/ dl; sel LE (-), C3 26 mg/dl, C4 6 mg/dl, ANA (+), anti ds-DNA 2459 IU/ml. Biopsi ginjal tidak dilakukan karena hepatosplenomegali. Pasien diberi diet nefritis, furosemid, antihipertensi, siklofosfamid puls 500 mg/m2LPB. Pasca pemberian siklofosfamid puls, tekanan darah terkontrol. Satu bulan kemudian, sewaktu hendak pemberian siklofosfamid puls berikut, pasien menunjukkan gejala hipertensi krisis dengan tekanan darah 180/ 120 mmHg yang teratasi dengan nifedipin, furosemid, kaptopril, dan suportif lainnya. Ureum dan kreatinin normal. Satu hari kemudian pasien kejang tonik, sopor, tekanan darah 140/100 mmHg, pupil anisokor, paresis nervus III kanan dan nervus VI kiri, hemiparesis kanan. Pada funduskopi tampak edema papil kanan. CT scan kepala memperlihatkan perdarahan intraserebral kanan, intraventrikuler, dan ventrikulomegali. Tindakan operatif tidak dapat dilakukan dan pasien meninggal. Kesimpulan: perdarahan intrakranial sebagai komplikasi nefritis lupus dapat disebabkan hipertensi atau vaskulopati/vaskulitis.

Copyright of Pädiatrie & Pädologie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Rheuma Plus is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Der Nephrologe is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Der Internist is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Rheuma Plus is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Der Internist is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) and its variants, paraproteinemic neuropathies, multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN), and vasculitic neuropathies are a part of a larger group of chronic immune-mediated neuropathies. These neuropathies are caused by an immune response against peripheral nerve antigens (mainly myelin components and proteins located at the node of Ranvier). In many of these neuropathies, disease-associated autoantibodies have not yet been identified. Corticosteroids, plasma exchange (PTE), intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIg), and monoclonal antibodies are therapy strategies that are fully or partially successful in these diseases. Pure motor chronic immune-mediated neuropathies are not followed by pain. In small-fiber neuropathies (SFN), thinly myelinated Aδ and unmyelinated C fibers are affected. Immune-mediated neuropathies, such as CIDP (especially sensory variants), paraproteinemic, and vasculitic neuropathies are commonly connected with damage to these nerve fibers, which is clinically presented as neuropathic pain and autonomic symptoms. In CIDP patients, pain was reported in more than 60% of patients. Pain severity varied from moderate to severe intensity. This pain could be nociceptive, neuropathic (NP), or combined. NP was found in 30% of CIDP patients. Vasculitic neuropathies are clinically presented as mononeuritis multiplex which is characterized by painful sensorimotor mononeuropathies. Pain should be evaluated (neuropathic, nociceptive, or combined pain) and adequately treated if it is present in immune-mediated neuropathies. In these patients, besides immunomodulatory therapy, there is a need for adequate symptomatic treatment (neuropathic pain medications, non-steroid antiinflamatory drugs, opioids, or nonpharmacological measures...). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Der Nephrologe is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of HNO is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of HNO is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Rheumatic diseases are chronic, multisystem diseases, with mostly unknown etiology, characterized by an unpredictable course with periods of exacerebration and remission. Those are among the most common chronic diseases in childhood. The last 10 years has seen significant advances in the field of paediatric rheumatic diseases: development and validation of classification criteria; development and validation of tools to assess clinical disease activity and disease outcome, inclusion of paediatric patients in international multicentre randomized controlled trial designs for therapies, clinical trials for very rare paediatric autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases. Through this review article we want to introduce readers with the new classification criteria for systemic lupus erythemotosus, macrophage activation syndrome and vasculitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Gefaesschirurgie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Der Nephrologe is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Der Nephrologe is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Rheuma Plus is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction. Kawasaki disease is an acute vasculitis which occurs primarily in children under the age of 5. The etiology of the disease is still unknown. Diagnostic criteria for Kawasaki disease are fever and at least four of the five additional clinical signs. Incomplete Kawasaki disease should be taken into consideration in case of all children with unexplained fever for more than 5 days, associated with 2 or 3 of the main clinical findings of Kawasaki disease. The diagnosis of incomplete Kawasaki disease is based on echocardiographic findings indicating the involvement of the coronary arteries. Cardiac complications, mostly coronary artery aneurysm, can occur in 20% to 25% of untreated patients and in 4% of treated patients. Case Report. In this report we present a case of atypical Kawasaki disease in a 3.5-month-old infant. As soon as the diagnosis was made, the patient received high doses of intravenous immunoglobulin, with the initial introduction of ibuprofen, then aspirin with a good clinical response. Due to the presence of aneurysm of coronary arteries, further therapy involved aspirin and clopidogrel over the following 3 months, and then only aspirin for 2 years. There was a gradual regression of the changes in the coronary blood vessels to the normalization of the echocardiographic findings after 2 years. Conclusion. Kawasaki disease is the second most common vasculitis of childhood, so it should be included in the differential diagnosis for any child with a prolonged unexplained fever. Atypical Kawasaki disease should be taken into consideration in cases when not all clinical criteria are present but coronary abnormalities are documented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Manuelle Medizin is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Der Hautarzt is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Gefaesschirurgie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Der Internist is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)