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56. Theory and description of the 3D Hi-sAFe agroforestry model

Author

Dupraz, C, Wolz, K, Lecomte, I, Talbot, G, Vincent, G, Mulia, R, Reyes, F, Gosme, M, Van Noordwijk, M, Fonctionnement et conduite des systèmes de culture tropicaux et méditerranéens (UMR SYSTEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), World Agroforestry Centre, and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])

Subjects
roots, [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, water, light, competition, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, nitrogen, facilitation
Abstract

International audience

Published
2019

61. Hi-sAFe : a 3D agroforestry model for integrating dynamic tree-crop interactions

Author

Dupraz, C., Wolz, K. J., Lecomte, I., Talbot, G., Vincent, G., Mulia, R., Bussiere, F., Ozier-Lafontaine, H., Andrianarisoa, S., Jackson, N., Lawson, G., Dones, N., Sinoquet, H., Lusiana, B., Harja, D., Domenicano, S., Reyes, F., Gosme, M., and Van Noordwijk, M.

Subjects
alley cropping, windbreak, plasticity, land equivalent ratio, forestry, silvoarable, Alley cropping, Competition, Facilitation, Forestry, Hedgerow, Land equivalent ratio, Long-term simulation, Plasticity, Silvoarable, Windbreak, competition, long-term simulation, hedgerow, facilitation
Abstract

Agroforestry, the intentional integration of trees with crops and/or livestock, can lead to multiple economic and ecological benefits compared to trees and crops/livestock grown separately. Field experimentation has been the primary approach to understanding the tree-crop interactions inherent in agroforestry. However, the number of field experiments has been limited by slow tree maturation and difficulty in obtaining consistent funding. Models have the potential to overcome these hurdles and rapidly advance understanding of agroforestry systems. Hi-sAFe is a mechanistic, biophysical model designed to explore the interactions within agroforestry systems that mix trees with crops. The model couples the pre-existing STICS crop model to a new tree model that includes several plasticity mechanisms responsive to tree-tree and tree-crop competition for light, water, and nitrogen. Monoculture crop and tree systems can also be simulated, enabling calculation of the land equivalent ratio. The model's 3D and spatially explicit form is key for accurately representing many competition and facilitation processes. Hi-sAFe is a novel tool for exploring agroforestry designs (e.g., tree spacing, crop type, tree row orientation), management strategies (e.g., thinning, branch pruning, root pruning, fertilization, irrigation), and responses to environmental variation (e.g., latitude, climate change, soil depth, soil structure and fertility, fluctuating water table). By improving our understanding of the complex interactions within agroforestry systems, Hi-sAFe can ultimately facilitate adoption of agroforestry as a sustainable land-use practice.

Published
2019

62. Upwind forests: managing moisture recycling for nature-based resilience

Author

Ellison, D., Wang-Erlandsson, L., van der Ent, R., and van Noordwijk, M.

Subjects
910 Geography & travel
Abstract

Trees and forests multiply the oceanic supply of freshwater through moisture recycling, pointing to an urgent need to halt deforestation and offering a way to increase the water-related benefits of forest restoration.

Published
2019
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72. On yield gaps and better management practices in Indonesian smallholder oil palm plantations

Author

Giller, K.E., Slingerland, M.A., van Noordwijk, M., Woittiez, Lotte S., Giller, K.E., Slingerland, M.A., van Noordwijk, M., and Woittiez, Lotte S.

Abstract

Palm oil is currently the most important vegetable oil in the world, and Indonesia is the world’s largest producer. Oil palm plantations are an important source of revenue, but rapid expansion has led to deforestation and loss of biodiversity. Forty per cent of the plantation area in Indonesia is owned by smallholders, whose yields are relatively poor. The objective of this thesis was to investigate the yield gaps and agronomic practices in Indonesian smallholder oil palm plantations, with a focus on fertiliser application, and to propose and test better management practices that can contribute to sustainable intensification. The research consisted of an in-depth literature review, several surveys, the collection of samples in smallholder plantations, and a three-year experiment with 14 smallholder farmers. In yield gap analysis, three yield levels are recognised: potential, limited, and actual yield. The potential yield in a plantation is determined by radiation, CO2 concentration, temperature, planting material, culling, planting density, pruning, pollination, and crop recovery (harvesting). The yield-limiting factors are rainfall, irrigation, soil, waterlogging, topography, slope, and nutrition. The yield-reducing factors are weeds, pests, and diseases. In smallholder plantations, the yield gap is mostly explained by poor planting material, poor drainage, sub-optimal planting density, poor culling (leading to large variability and the presence of unproductive palms), infrequent harvesting, soil erosion, poor nutrient management, and rat damage, but the effects of these factors on yield vary depending on local conditions. The survey data showed clear evidence of insufficient and unbalanced fertiliser applications, and visual nutrient deficiency symptoms were observed in many plantations. Leaf sample results showed that 57, 61 and 80% of the plantations in Jambi and Sintang were deficient in N, P and K, respectively. In Riau, 95, 67 and 75% of the plantations were

Published
2019

73. Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) production in Indonesia: carbon footprint and diversification options

Author

van Noordwijk, M., Slingerland, M.A., Khasanah, N., van Noordwijk, M., Slingerland, M.A., and Khasanah, N.

Abstract

Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) is a uniquely valuable palm as source of low-cost vegetable oil. However, the success and method of its expansion (monoculture plantation) especially in biodiversity-rich Indonesia and Malaysia have made it one of the most controversial crops of the world. One of the policy consequences of the boycotts and debate is the Renewable Energy Directive (RED) of European countries that sets binding targets for the emission savings to be achieved when oils are used as feedstock of biofuel. Exporting countries such as Indonesia need to have reliable data on the carbon footprint of their product across production systems and the products’ lifecycle. Diversification of oil palm plantations starts to gain attention as a strategy to increase farmer resilience. The objectives of this thesis were (1) to estimate the carbon footprint of palm oil production in Indonesia when it is used as biofuel and express it as CO2 equivalent and emissions saving, and (2) to explore mixed oil palm systems as diversification strategy to increase farmer benefit and to reduce the carbon footprint. Through a survey and sample collection in more than 20 plantations distributed over Sumatra, Kalimantan and Sulawesi we analysed the palm oil life cycle. Using the Biofuel Emission Reduction Estimator Scheme (BERES) emissions savings were differentiated by carbon debt (land use change) and current practices. Process-based modelling using WaNuLCAS (Water, Nutrient and Light Capture in Agroforestry System) helped explore intercropping systems beyond current practice. Results show that it is possible to achieve the high emission savings target with palm oil to comply with the RED requirement. Of companies with ‘good agricultural practice’ 40% and 25% of production can meet the 35% (2015) and 60% (2018) emissions savings standards, respectively. The larger the areas that were converted from high-C stock forest, the larger the fraction of peat, the larger the emissions from fertiliz

Published
2019

74. Enhancing agroforestry systems through tree domestication

Author

van Noordwijk, M., Jamnadass, Ramni, Ofori, Daniel A., Dawson, Ian K., Tchoundjeu, Zac, McMullin, Stepha, Hendre, Prasad S., Graudal, Lars, van Noordwijk, M., Jamnadass, Ramni, Ofori, Daniel A., Dawson, Ian K., Tchoundjeu, Zac, McMullin, Stepha, Hendre, Prasad S., and Graudal, Lars

Published
2019

84. Genetic diversity of Dyera polyphylla (Miq.) Steenis populations used in tropical peatland restoration in Indonesia

Author

Tata, Hesti Lestari, Muchugi, A., Kariba, R., and van Noordwijk, M.

Subjects
AFLP, Plant Production Systems, Plantaardige Productiesystemen, lcsh:QH540-549.5, Kalimantan, Sumatra, paludiculture, lcsh:Ecology, Agroforestry, PE&RC, Paludiculture, agroforestry
Abstract

Dyera polyphylla is a native tree species of peat swamp forests in Southeast Asia. Where it has been used in peatland restoration, the trees are of uncertain genetic origin. We analysed the genetic diversity of seven populations of D. polyphylla (9–20 individual trees per population) from both natural forests and plantations on peatland farms in the Indonesian provinces of Jambi and Central Kalimantan. Using six selected primers, analysis of amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) indicated that 86.5–96.8 % of loci tested (280 in total) were polymorphic, with an estimated heterozygosity H ranging from 0.29 to 0.38. The highest genetic variation was within populations, rather than among them. Cluster analysis based on Nei’s distance matrix indicated that the sampled D. polyphylla populations from Jambi and Central Kalimantan were genetically distinct. STRUCTURE analysis indicated that the wild population at Senyerang (Jambi) was the most distinct. This site and Tumbang Nusa (Central Kalimantan) deserve in situ protection and are recommended as seed sources for peatland restoration in their respective provinces. In the absence of knowledge about specific traits, it is important to retain the high genetic diversity of existing wild and planted populations of D. polyphylla revealed by our work when selecting seed sources for future peat swamp forest rehabilitation programmes.

Published
2018

85. Management Options for Dealing with Changing Forest-Water Relations

Author

Vira, Bhaskar, Ellison, David, McNulty, Steven, Archer, E., Bishop, Kevin, Claassen, Marius, Creed, Irena F., Gush, Mark, Gyawali, Dipak, Martin-Ortega, Julia, Mukherji, A., Murdiyarso, Daniel, Ovando Pol, Paola, Sullivan, Caroline A., van Noordwijk, M., Wei, Xiaohua, Xu, Jianchu, Reed, Maureen G., and Wilson, Sarah J.

Subjects
Plant Production Systems, Plantaardige Productiesystemen, Life Science, PE&RC
Published
2018

86. Determinants of the Forest-Water Relationship

Author

McNulty, Steven, Archer, E., Gush, Mark, van Noordwijk, M., Ellison, David, Blanco, Juan A., Xu, Jianchu, Bishop, Kevin, Wei, Xiaohua, Vira, Bhaskar, Creed, Irena F., Mukherji, A., Baca, Aurelia, Serran, Jacqueline, Harper, Richard J., Aldred, David, and Sullivan, Caroline A.

Subjects
Plant Production Systems, Plantaardige Productiesystemen, Life Science, PE&RC
Published
2018

89. Climate-Forest-Water-People Relations: : Seven System Delineations

Author

van Noordwijk, M., Creed, Irena F., Jones, Julia A., Wei, Xiaohua, Gush, Mark, Blanco, Juan A., Sullivan, Caroline A., Bishop, Kevin, Murdiyarso, Daniel, Xu, Jianchu, Claassen, Marius, McNulty, Steven, Bruijnzeel, L.A., Harper, Richard J., Mwangi, Hosea, Hacket-Pain, Andrew, and Orland, Chloé

Subjects
Plant Production Systems, Plantaardige Productiesystemen, Life Science, PE&RC
Published
2018

90. Governance Options for Addressing Changing Forest-Water Relations

Author

Ellison, David, Claassen, Marius, van Noordwijk, M., Sullivan, Caroline A., Vira, Bhaskar, Xu, Jianchu, Archer, E., Bishop, Kevin, Gebrehiwot, Solomon Gebreyohannis, Haywood, Lorren K., and Robson, James P.

Subjects
Plant Production Systems, Plantaardige Productiesystemen, Life Science, PE&RC
Published
2018

93. Gaming to better manage complex natural resource landscapes

Author

Speelman, E.N., van Noordwijk, M., and Garcia, C.

Subjects
Plant Production Systems, Laboratory of Geo-information Science and Remote Sensing, Plantaardige Productiesystemen, Life Science, Laboratorium voor Geo-informatiekunde en Remote Sensing, PE&RC
Published
2018

94. Forest Landscape Hydrology in a ‘New Normal’ Era of Climate and Land Use Change

Author

Jones, Julia A., Wei, Xiaohua, van Noordwijk, M., Creed, Irena F., Gush, Mark, Ellison, David, Blanco, Juan A., Bishop, Kevin, McNulty, Steven, BarguésTobella, Aida, Archer, E., Bruijnzeel, L.A., Duinker, P., Foster, David, Gebrekirstos, Aster, Giles-Hansen, Krysta, Hacket-Pain, Andrew, Harper, Richard J., Ilstedt, Ulrik, Li, Qiang, Liao, Yingchun, Malmer, Anders, Mwangi, Hosea, Orland, Chloé, Steenberg, James, Wang, Yi, Worthy, Fiona, Xu, Jianchu, and Zhang, Mingfang

Subjects
Plant Production Systems, Plantaardige Productiesystemen, Life Science, PE&RC
Published
2018

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