Search

RIVM rapport:In 2009 heeft VWS, via het Centrum voor Infectieziektebestrijding (CIb) van het RIVM een subsidie beschikbaar gesteld, voor de periode 2009-2011, om te investeren in initiatieven op het gebied van voorlichting over seksuele gezondheid onder allochtonen. De projectsubsidie is uitgezet via GGD'en waarbij de financiële middelen gelijkmatig zijn verdeeld over de acht bestaande soa/Sense-regio's. Om inzicht te verkrijgen in de effectiviteit van de wijze waarop de projectsubsidie is ingericht en werd uitgevoerd heeft ResCon in opdracht van het CIb een procesevaluatie uitgevoerd. Voor het onderzoek zijn semigestructureerde interviews gehouden met het RIVM-CIb, enkele betrokken landelijke instellingen, alle acht subsidiecoördinatoren en vier lokale GGD-coördinatoren, en in elke soa/Sense-regio één lokale organisatie waarmee is samengewerkt. De manier van subsidieverstrekking heeft in potentie tot effectieve projecten geleid, waarmee een relatief grote groep allochtonen is bereikt. De insteek waarbij GGD'en samenwerking moesten zoeken met lokale organisaties lijkt vruchtbaar te zijn geweest voor het bereiken van de doelgroep en voor het vergroten van de kennis over de doelgroep bij de GGD'en. Uit het onderzoek blijkt bovendien dat er in alle soa/Sense-regio's een basis is gelegd voor de toekomstige aanpak van de seksuele gezondheid van allochtonen. Bepaalde projecten vinden doorgang na het beëindigen van de projectsubsidie, zij het in sterk afgeslankte vorm, binnen Sense hulpverlening aan jongeren. GGD-medewerkers zijn zich bewuster geworden van de problematiek die speelt bij de doelgroep(en) en er zijn contacten met lokale organisaties gerealiseerd. Wel is vervolgfinanciering nodig om de blijvende problematiek op het gebied van seksuele gezondheid bij allochtonen aan te pakken. Meer voorbereidingstijd voor aanvang van de subsidie had ervoor kunnen zorgen dat GGD'en beter onderbouwde aanvragen hadden kunnen indienen en dat het RIVM-CIb zijn coördinerende rol beter had kunnen, In 2009 the Ministry of Public Health (VWS) provided a subsidy for the period of two and a half years in order to improve sexual health among ethnic minorities in the Netherlands. The subsidy was coordinated by the Centre for Infectious Disease Control (CIb) and distributed equally among eight existing regions providing sexcounseling and STI-clinics. In these regions the Public Health Services (PHSs) were responsible for the projects. The RIVM-CIb has requested ResCon to conduct a process evaluation in order to assess the effectiveness of the establishment and implementation of the subsidy. For this study semi-structured interviews were carried out with the coordinator from RIVM-CIb, stakeholders from national health-related institutions, all eight subsidy coordinators and four regional PHD coordinators, and in each region one local organisation. The study shows that the subsidy has resulted in potentially effective projects reaching a relatively large group of ethnic minorities. The approach, in which PHSs were obliged to cooperate with local organisations, seemed to be a productive way of reaching the target group and increasing the knowledge of the target group within the PHSs. Moreover, the knowledge of local organisations contributed to a better adjustment of projects to the needs of ethnic minority groups. In all regions a basis has formed for future projects on sexual health directed at ethnic minorities as illustrated by several youth projects that continued even when the subsidy ended. Also, contacts with local organizations have been realized in these regions. Depending on the nature of the projects and the financial means projects are often continued at the end of the subsidy period. More time to prepare for the start of the subsidy period would have enabled the PHS's to submit higher quality proposal and RIVM-CIb to fulfil a stronger coordinating role. Additionally, more support from non-governmental institutions could have enhanced benefits of the proje

Contains fulltext : 33156.pdf (publisher's version ) (Closed access)

Item does not contain fulltext

RU,, 28 april 2005, Promotores : van Kempen, H., Nolte, R.J.M. Co-promotores : Elemans, J.A.A.W., Hendriks, P., Contains fulltext : 26913_softinsor.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access), While knowledge creation lies at the heart of scientific research, the role of knowledge typically remains implicit in studies of the practices and the management of that research. This paper examines which critical success factors (CSF's) define successful research. Based on Nonaka's knowledge spiral, it examines how processes of knowledge creation contribute to the existence or absence of success as indicated by these CSF's. It presents the outcomes of an in-depth exploration of the workings of the knowledge spiral in a university research institute. The research shows the outstanding but undervalued importance of socialization processes, whereas the most widely recognized tokens of success in academic research, given its focus on output, lie in externalization. It also shows that, while research success is typically defined at the interplay of the individual, group and institutional level, in the case organization none of the four knowledge creation processes (socialization, externalization, combination and internalization) appears to run smoothly at the institutional level

Item does not contain fulltext

Contains fulltext : 58913.pdf (preprint version ) (Open Access), Results of an experimental study of palladium nanojunctions in a hydrogen environment are presented. Two new hydrogen-related atomic configurations are found, which have conductances of similar to0.5 and similar to1 quantum unit (2e(2)/h). Phonon spectrum measurements demonstrate that these configurations are situated between electrodes containing dissolved hydrogen. The crucial differences compared to the previously studied Pt-H-2 junctions and the possible microscopic realizations of the new configurations in palladium-hydrogen atomic-sized contacts are discussed.

Contains fulltext : 57910.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access), We deposit a laser-collimated chromium beam onto a substrate through a quasiperiodic laser standing-wave (SW) tuned above the atomic resonance at the Cr-52 transition S-7(3)-->P-7(4)o at 425.55 nm. This SW is created by interference of five laser beams crossing in one point at mutual angles of 72degrees. The resulting chromium pattern on the substrate surface mimics the geometry of the SW and it is thus itself quasiperiodic. On a surface area of 0.2x0.2 mm(2) the spatial Fourier spectrum of the measured patterns is decagonal. Besides being of fundamental interest, this quasiperiodic nanofabrication via atom optics can find its applications in photonics.

Contains fulltext : 58476.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access), We used the mechanically controllable break junction technique to discriminate between the electric field and temperature effects in the process of surface modification. The electric field strength at the surface of electrodes was accurately determined using the field emission resonance spectra and was gradually raised to the point where surface modification starts. We found that only a limited number of metals with large values of the work function, greater than or similar to4.5-5 eV, and evaporation fields, less than or similar to1.5-2 V/Angstrom, can be modified in this way. Adsorption of He on the surface drastically increases the local work function of material and enables the field induced nanostructuring of the electrode surface practically for all metals. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics.

Contains fulltext : 57909.pdf (preprint version ) (Open Access), The conductance of breaking metallic nanojunctions shows plateaus alternated with sudden jumps, corresponding to the stretching of stable atomic configurations and atomic rearrangements. We investigate the structure of the conductance plateaus both by measuring the voltage dependence of the plateaus' slope on individual junctions and by a detailed statistical analysis on a large amount of contacts. Though the atomic discreteness of the junction plays a fundamental role in the evolution of the conductance, we find that the fine structure of the conductance plateaus is determined by quantum interference phenomenon to a great extent.

Contains fulltext : 92610.pdf (publisher's version ) (Closed access)

We have performed optical spectroscopy measurements on a STM-tip-induced quantum dot in a GaAs layer. The dominant confinement in the (hole) quantum dot is found to be in the direction parallel to the tip axis. Electron confinement is achieved by a sub-surface AlGaAs barrier. Current-dependent measurements indicate that many-body interactions can cause spectral blueshifts up to 75 meV for a tunneling current of 10 nA. Consequently, a full treatment of the many-body problem is required for an accurate description of this type of system.

We demonstrate a spectroscopic technique which is based on ballistic injection of minority carriers from the lip of a scanning-tunneling microscope into a semiconductor heterostructure. Ey analyzing the resulting electroluminescence spectrum as a function of tip-sample bias, both the injection barrier height and the carrier scattering rate, in the semiconductor can be determined. This technique is complementary to ballistic electron emission spectroscopy since minority instead of majority carriers are injected, which give the opportunity to study the carrier trajectory after injection.

We present a novel spectroscopic technique that is based on the ballistic injection of minority carriers from the tip of a scanning-tunneling microscope into a semiconductor heterostructure. By analyzing the resulting electro-luminescence spectrum as a function of tip-sample bias, both the injection barrier height and the carrier relaxation rate Gamma(s) after injection can be determined. At 4.2 K we found Gamma(s) = 5 x 10(13) s(-1) and at 77 K we found Gamma(s) = 8 x 10(13) s(-1). From current-dependent measurements we find that, at room temperature, a large fraction of the carriers is trapped prior to radiative recombination. At high currents or low temperatures the traps become saturated. We tentatively identify the Be acceptors in the structure as trapping centers.

We have designed and built a low-temperature (1.3-4.2 K) scanning-tunneling microscope which is capable of collecting light that is generated in the tunneling region. Light collection is done by means of two fibers whose cleaved front is in close proximity (approximate to1 mm) to the tunneling region. The whole system can be operated in high magnetic fields (11 T) without loss of optical signal strength. As a demonstration, we measured the electroluminescence spectra of an InGaAs quantum well at various temperatures. At 4.2 K, we found an electron-to-photon conversion factor that is three orders of magnitude higher than at room temperature. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics.