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There has been a loose association between archaeology and urban morphology since its emergence. Nonetheless, it would appear relatively few urban morphologists have a proper grounding in archaeology and it seldom comes to explicit exchanges on theoretical, analytical, or purposive grounds. This is remarkable, because urban morphology, as the study of the developmental history of urban construction over time could, in certain respects, be considered as a subfield of archaeology, the discipline uniquely conceived and qualified to study human development diachronically.

[EN] The use of methodologies that involve, motivate and generate neural processes in the student promote better learning in many fields of teaching. In this work the creation of a methodology for the study of the evolution of cities in urban planning subjects is studied by using puzzles as spatial and temporal representation of urban areas based on experiences in the universities of Universidad del Valle de Atemajac and the Universitat Politècnica de Valencia. Compared to more traditional learnings from control groups and previous promotions, results are improved especially on issues related to the older stages of the city's evolution and in understanding surface growth over time of the city., [ES] La utilización de metodologías que impliquen, motiven y generen procesos neuronales en el alumno promueven un mejor aprendizaje en multitud de campos de la enseñanza. En el presente trabajo se estudia la creación de una metodología para el estudio de la evolución de las ciudades en las asignaturas de urbanismo mediante la utilización de rompecabezas como representación espacial y temporal de áreas urbanas a partir de las experiencias en las universidades de Universidad del Valle de Atemajac y la Universitat Politècnica de València. Mediante comparación con aprendizajes más tradicionales de grupos de control y promociones anteriores se obtiene una mejora de resultados especialmente en temas relacionados a las etapas más antiguas de la evolución de la ciudad y en la comprensión del crecimiento superficial de la ciudad respecto al tiempo.

Este trabajo se desarrolla en el Área Metropolitana de Mendoza (AMM), ciudad de clima árido con dos contextos geomorfológicos diferentes. El objetivo consiste en analizar la relación entre el comportamiento y confort térmico exterior de canales viales urbanos (CVU) insertos en llanura y piedemonte. Para ello, se seleccionó y monitoreó seis CVU insertos en tres formas de trama (racional, orgánica y Cul-de-Sac). Los resultados en cuanto al comportamiento térmico indican que el CVU racional es más caluroso en piedemonte que en llanura; el CVU Cul-de-Sac es más caluroso en llanura que en piedemonte; y el CVU orgánico registra la temperatura máxima más elevada pero la temperatura mínima más fresca en llanura. En términos de confort exterior, el CVU racional en llanura alcanza un 30%, y en el sector de piedemonte representa un 20%; el CVU orgánico en piedemonte alcanza un 30%, y en el sector de llanura alcanza un 20%; siendo el CVU Cul-de-Sac en piedemonte el de mejor habitabilidad (70%); mientras que en llanura alcanza solo un 20%. Esto demuestra que la respuesta térmica y el grado de confort de los CVU insertos en una misma trama urbana tienen diferentes comportamientos de acuerdo a la geomorfología de implantación. This research was carried out in the Mendoza Metropolitan Area (MMA), a city with an arid climate and two different geomorphological contexts. The objective is to analyze the relationship between the behavior and outdoor thermal comfort of urban canyons (UC) located on flatland and hillsides. To this end, six UC were selected in three urban layouts (grid, organic and cul-de-sac) and monitored. The results regarding thermal behavior indicate that the grid UC is hotter on hillsides than on flatland; the cul-de-sac UC is hotter on flatland than on hillsides; and the organic UC has the highest maximum temperature but the coolest minimum temperature on flatland. In terms of outdoor thermal comfort, the grid UC on flatland reaches 30%, and in the hillside area 20%; and the organic UC on the hillside reaches 30%, and in the flatland area 20%. The case with the best habitability was the cul-de-sac UC on the hillside, with thermal comfort reaching 70%, while only 20% in the cul-de-sac UC on flatland. This shows that the outdoor thermal behavior and comfort of the UCs in the same urban layout have different behaviors according to the geomorphology of their location. Fil: Castillo, Ana Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Ambiente, Hábitat y Energía; Argentina Fil: Sosa, María Belén. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Ambiente, Hábitat y Energía; Argentina Fil: Correa Cantaloube, Erica Norma. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Ambiente, Hábitat y Energía; Argentina Fil: Canton, Maria Alicia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Ambiente, Hábitat y Energía; Argentina

Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Arquitetura, com a especialização em Urbanismo apresentada na Faculdade de Arquitetura da Universidade de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Mestre. Resultado de um crescimento desordenado e com um planeamento urbano pouco eficaz, Agualva-Cacém evidencia-se como uma área suburbana com diversas carências a nível urbanístico, enfrentando problemas decorrentes da multiplicação de barreiras infraestruturais e das diversas falhas de serviços urbanos. Este Projeto Final de Mestrado tem o objetivo de estudar soluções que respondam às descontinuidades e insuficiências territoriais aqui identificadas, potenciando os valores ambientais, urbanos e socioculturais que se reconhecem neste território. Ambicionando consolidar o espaço urbano preservando as suas preexistências e equipando-o com edificado e espaço público adequado às necessidades sociais ativas, apresenta-se uma proposta urbana desenvolvida a duas escalas diferentes. A proposta à escala alargada desenvolve-se entre a urbanização da Quinta da Fidalga e a Avenida dos Bons Amigos e visa a refuncionalização do sistema urbano existente numa lógica de estabelecer uma articulação entre o núcleo histórico e a zona mais emergente da cidade promovendo a relação entre o público e o privado e a construção do lugar contínuo. Na proposta à escala aproximada pretende-se a exploração de tipologias para um conjunto residencial entre o tecido urbano e os espaços intersticiais e a criação de um Centro Multifuncional de caráter cultural, complementado com um novo espaço público onde os espaços de transição assumem o papel principal à conceção do mesmo. ABSTRACT: As a result of disorderly growth and poor urban planning, Agualva- Cacém stands out as a suburban area with several urban needs, facing problems arising from the multiplication of infrastructures barriers and the various defects of urban services. This Final Project aims to study solutions that respond to the discontinuities and territorial insufficiencies identified here, enhancing the environmental, urban and sociocultural values that are recognized in this territory. Aiming to consolidate the urban space preserving its preexistences and equipping it with built and public space suitable to the active social needs, we present an urban proposal developed at two different scales. The wide-scale proposal develops between the urbanization of Quinta da Fidalga and Avenida dos Bons Amigos aiming at the refunctionalization of the existing urban system in a logic of establishing an articulation between the historical nucleus and the emerging area of the city, promoting the relationship between public and private spaces, maintaining spatial cohesion and continuity. The approximate-scale proposal aims to explore typologies for a residential complex between the urban layout and the interstitial spaces, and intends to create a Multicultural Center, complemented with a new public space where the transitional spaces take the main role in its conception. N/A

Ainda recente nos estudos urbanos, a urbanidade surge como elemento fundamental para o entendimento das práticas sociais no espaço urbano. Conceituando o acolhimento que as cidades dão aos seus moradores e transeuntes, a urbanidade está relacionada com a morfologia dos espaços públicos e sua capacidade de atrair gente. Neste trabalho propomos investigar os efeitos da forma espacial e seus atributos como meio de possibilitar ou restringir as práticas sociais. Utilizando Blumenau, importante cidade catarinense, partimos de leituras teórico-metodológicas analisando o papel do traçado urbano e suas implicações no cotidiano. Através da teoria da Sintaxe Espacial e análises complementares de morfologia e apropriação urbana, pudemos identificar mudanças tanto de configuração como de uso. A dinâmica espacial no presente aponta mudanças significativas no centro histórico de Blumenau e o surgimento de um “novo centro”, facultando uma migração da urbanidade da cidade. Still recent in urban studies, urbanity emerges as a fundamental element for the understanding of social practices in urban space. Conceptualizing the reception that cities give their residents and passers-by, urbanity is related to the morphology of public spaces and their ability to attract people. In this work we propose to investigate the effects of the spatial form and its attributes as a means of enabling or restricting social practices. Using Blumenau, an important city in Santa Catarina, we start from theoretical-methodological readings analyzing the role of the urban layout and its implications in everyday life. Through spatial syntax theory and complementary analyses of morphology and urban appropriation, we were able to identify changes in both configuration and use. The spatial dynamics in the present point indicate significant changes in the historic center of Blumenau and the emergence of a "new center", allowing a migration of urbanity of the city.

The energy and environmental benefits due to the solar radiation availability in the urban contexts are very important for the microclimate and the environmental quality of cities, where spatial distribution and dimensions of buildings play a fundamental role. Understanding the effects produced by different building volumes is an important aspect and the solar access analysis represents the specific field of study. The study proposes a design methodology, developing a framework with criteria, aspects and example applications, with the aim to evaluate the energy effects related to the different volumetric configurations., TECHNE - Journal of Technology for Architecture and Environment, TECHNE 17 (2019): Horizontality/verticality in architecture

Network communication links is an indispensable element of development shaping. Any change in the way of using area should be preceded by an analysis of future impact taking into account the transport capacity. The development of buildings without adequate communication links leads to restrictions on object access, consequently it may lead to dangerous mishaps. Avoiding this type of situation is possible by carrying out sustainable development. The paper describes the relationship between the road system and urban layout on the example of Nowogród Bobrzański part of the city. One presented existing changes in the transportation system and its impact on local residents.

[ES] El siguiente trabajo se centra en un estudio cronológico basado tanto en los planos catastrales como en las imágenes correspondientes a las diferentes épocas sobre los cambios producidos en el núcleo poblacional de Patraix para poder diferenciar la huella de los movimientos más importantes que acontecieron al barrio y que podemos observar en la actualidad, ya que han condicionado el trazado y alineaciones urbanas. Para ello hemos dividido el estudio en tres capítulos importantes basados en consecuencias que han configurado el aspecto tanto social como urbano y que además corresponden con los planos catastrales que se han ido realizando. Partimos, por tanto, de finales del siglo XIX, donde Patraix era una de las poblaciones independientes a la ciudad de Valencia junto otros núcleos como fueron Campanar o el Poblats Marítims en los que el principal motor económico era la agricultura. Seguidamente observamos uno de los cambios más importantes para Patraix como fue su proceso de anexión a la ciudad como consecuencia de la llegada de la industrialización y la incorporación de los avances como el ferrocarril o la máquina de vapor y la necesidad albergar a la nueva población trabajadora inmigrante. Y por último, un capítulo dedicado al proceso urbano que sufre Patraix para consolidar su trama y considerarlo uno de los barrios de Valencia, desde los años 70 hasta la actualidad a través de la aprobación de los diferentes Planes de Reforma Interior. Para finalizar analizaremos y citaremos uno de los Planes de Protección del núcleo histórico de Patraix y haremos varias propuestas que tienen su argumento en el estudio anteriormente realizado., [EN] The following work focuses on a chronological study based on the catastral plans and also on the images corresponding to the different periods of changes in the population center of Patraix to differentiate the footprint of the most important movements that occurred in the neighborhood and that we can observe today as they have conditioned the layout and urban alignments. So we've divided the study into three major chapters based on consequences that have shaped the social aspect as both urban and also correspond to the catastral plans that have been made. We start therefore late nineteenth century, when Patraix was one of the independent populations from the city of Valencia with other population center as were Campanar or Poblats Marítims where the main economic activity was agriculture. Then we observe one of the most important changes to Patraix as was the process of annexation to the city as a result of the arrival of industrialization and incorporating advances such as rail or the steam engine and the need to accommodate the new working population immigrant. And finally, a chapter on urban process that suffers Patraix to consolidate its layout and getting the consideration of one of the neighborhoods of Valencia, from the 70's to the present day through the approval of the various Internal Reform Plans. Finally, we will analyze and quote one of the Protection Plans of Patraix's historical population center and make several proposals that have their reasining on the previous study.

International audience; The question of Samarobriva’s origins and early times has been studied on several occasions in the last decades. Its overall storyline has been defined in 1983 and shows two paradoxes. The first is related to its origins : despite the mention of its Celtic-sounding name in the De Bello Gallico or Cicero’s correspondence, no tangible link could be established between the Roman city and a previous Gallic town, or even a Caesarian camp. The building of the North Sea road, maybe during Agrippa’s second rule in Gaul between -19 and -16, seems to be at the root of a settlement at the edge of the Somme river. We found the road, extremely well-preserved, in the bottom of the valley. This settlement took on the appearance of a city organized by an even street layout between the end of Augustus’s reign and the middle of the 1st c. AD. Our analysis of the overall map shows this layout resulted from a coherent guiding plan, validating the hypothesis of an initial founding gesture. The main question remaining today is the datation of this founding. The setting up of the flint and gravel roads, except from two roads in the center of the city, has been dated to the years 50 AD, which match a critical moment in the city history ; but several hints suggest the settlement was already vast at the end of Augustus’ reign, with housings organized according to that same guiding plan. We will see how and to which extent we can overcome those difficulties from the available documentation.; La question des origines et des débuts de la ville romaine de Samarobriva été abordée à plusieurs reprises dans les dernières décennies. Le scénario d’ensemble a été défini en 1983. Il présente deux paradoxes. Le premier concerne ses origines : en dépit de la mention de son nom à consonance celtique dans les commentaires de La Guerre des Gaules ou dans la correspondance de Cicéron, aucun lien matériel n’a pu être établi entre la ville romaine et un antécédent gaulois, ni même avec un camp césarien. Il semble bien que ce soit la construction de la voie de l’Océan, peut-être lors du second gouvernement d’Agrippa en Gaule, entre 19 et 16 av. J.-C., qui est à l’origine d’une agglomération au bord de la Somme. La voie a été retrouvée extrêmement bien conservée dans le fond de la vallée. Cette agglomération prend l’aspect d’une ville organisée selon un vaste quadrillage de rues régulier entre la fin du règne d’Auguste et le milieu du Ier s. apr. J.-C. L’analyse du plan général montre que ce quadrillage répond à un schéma directeur cohérent, accréditant l’hypothèse d’un acte de fondation initial. La question principale qui se pose aujourd’hui est la datation de cette fondation. Si la mise en place des chaussées de gravier et silex est datée partout, à l’exception de deux voies du centre de la ville, des années 50 qui correspondent effectivement à un moment décisif dans l’histoire de la ville, divers indices suggèrent l’existence d’une agglomération déjà fort étendue à la fin du règne d’Auguste avec des habitats organisés selon ce même schéma directeur. Nous verrons de quelle façon et dans quelle mesure il est possible à partir de la documentation disponible de surmonter ces difficultés.

The topography of the Tsarev settlement site, one of major Golden Horde monuments in the Lower Volga region, is analyzed. The first descriptions of the settlement refer to the second half of the 18th century, while the initial large-scale excavations on the monument were conducted in the mid-19th century. By that time, the scientific community had adhered to the opinion that the ruins of Sarai (the city mainly associated with the Tsarev settlement site) would stretch to a great distance from the Akhtuba river-head to Kolobovka village. The results of archaeological research of the 20th – early 21st century make it possible to challenge this view. To date, it is an established fact that the size of the actual urban area had constituted 5 x 2.2–2.3 km. The southern part of the city was occupied by the estates of the nobility, the central and northern parts were represented by trade and artisan quarters. Around the city, there were suburban cemeteries, including brick mausoleums (the ruins of which could be mistaken for the remains of dwellings in the 19th century), as well as the areas of irrigated agriculture.

En Bogotá la construcción de vivienda presentó importantes cambios en la forma de su estructura urbana a partir de la implementación de los planes de desarrollo y ordenamiento. Las formas urbanas surgidas entre el periodo de 1948 y 2000 obedecieron a la manera de proceder de los diferentes actores que se vinculan a los procesos de construcción, teniendo en cuenta que la vivienda social y la vivienda privada adoptan conceptos y modelos particulares que inciden en los cambios morfológicos. Se analizaron autores que han tratado la evolución de la forma urbana y la construcción de vivienda en Colombia. A través de un método analítico y comparativo se estudiaron algunos de los desarrollos materializados en diferentes momentos, en los cuales se reconoció la realización de barrios con manzanas alargadas, el cambio de centro de manzana, la aparición de conjuntos, supermanzanas y las denominadas agrupaciones de vivienda. Se logró evidenciar el paso de la manzana al bloque en Bogotá como ya lo había manifestado Panerai con sus análisis en Europa hacia los años setenta.AbstractIn Bogotá the housing construction presented important changes in the form of its urban structure starting from the implementation of the development plans and classification. The urban forms arisen among the period of 1948 and 2000, obeyed the way of coming from the different actors that are linked to the construction processes, keeping in mind that the social housing and the private housing, they adopt concepts and particular models that impact in the morphological changes. Authors were analyzed that have treated the evolution in the urban way and the housing construction in Colombia. Through an analytic and comparative method some of the developments studied materialized in different moments, in which the realization of neighborhoods was recognized with lengthened apples, the change of apple center, the appearance of groups, super-blocks and the denominated housing groupings. It was possible to evidence the step from the apple to the block in Bogotá like Panerai had already manifested it with its analyses in Europe toward the years 70.

Natural ventilation and the use of fans are recognized as sustainable design strategies to reduce energy use while reaching thermal comfort. A big challenge for designers is to predict ventilation rates of buildings in dense urban areas. One significant factor for calculating the ventilation rate is the wind pressure coefficient (Cp). Cp values can be obtained at a high cost, via real measurements, wind tunnel experiments, or high computational effort via computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulation. A fast surrogate model to predict Cp for a schematic urban environment is required for the integration in building performance simulations. There are well-known surrogate models for Cp. The average surface pressure coefficient model integrated in EnergyPlus considers only a box-shaped building, without surrounding buildings. CpCalc, a surrogate model for Cp, considers only one height of neighbouring buildings. The Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek (TNO) Cp Generator model was available via web interface, and could include several box-shaped buildings in the surrounding area. These models are complex for fast integration in a natural ventilation simulation. For optimization processes, with thousands of simulation runs, speed is even more essential. Our study proposes a new surrogate model for Cp estimation based on data obtained from the TNO CP Generator model. The new model considers the effect of different neighbouring buildings in a simplified urban configuration, with an orthogonal street pattern, box-shaped buildings, and repetitive dimensions. The developed surrogate model is fast, and can easily be integrated in a dynamic energy simulation tool like EnergyPlus for optimization of natural ventilation in the urban areas.

International audience; The question of Samarobriva’s origins and early times has been studied on several occasions in the last decades. Its overall storyline has been defined in 1983 and shows two paradoxes. The first is related to its origins : despite the mention of its Celtic-sounding name in the De Bello Gallico or Cicero’s correspondence, no tangible link could be established between the Roman city and a previous Gallic town, or even a Caesarian camp. The building of the North Sea road, maybe during Agrippa’s second rule in Gaul between -19 and -16, seems to be at the root of a settlement at the edge of the Somme river. We found the road, extremely well-preserved, in the bottom of the valley. This settlement took on the appearance of a city organized by an even street layout between the end of Augustus’s reign and the middle of the 1st c. AD. Our analysis of the overall map shows this layout resulted from a coherent guiding plan, validating the hypothesis of an initial founding gesture. The main question remaining today is the datation of this founding. The setting up of the flint and gravel roads, except from two roads in the center of the city, has been dated to the years 50 AD, which match a critical moment in the city history ; but several hints suggest the settlement was already vast at the end of Augustus’ reign, with housings organized according to that same guiding plan. We will see how and to which extent we can overcome those difficulties from the available documentation.; La question des origines et des débuts de la ville romaine de Samarobriva été abordée à plusieurs reprises dans les dernières décennies. Le scénario d’ensemble a été défini en 1983. Il présente deux paradoxes. Le premier concerne ses origines : en dépit de la mention de son nom à consonance celtique dans les commentaires de La Guerre des Gaules ou dans la correspondance de Cicéron, aucun lien matériel n’a pu être établi entre la ville romaine et un antécédent gaulois, ni même avec un camp césarien. Il semble bien que ce soit la construction de la voie de l’Océan, peut-être lors du second gouvernement d’Agrippa en Gaule, entre 19 et 16 av. J.-C., qui est à l’origine d’une agglomération au bord de la Somme. La voie a été retrouvée extrêmement bien conservée dans le fond de la vallée. Cette agglomération prend l’aspect d’une ville organisée selon un vaste quadrillage de rues régulier entre la fin du règne d’Auguste et le milieu du Ier s. apr. J.-C. L’analyse du plan général montre que ce quadrillage répond à un schéma directeur cohérent, accréditant l’hypothèse d’un acte de fondation initial. La question principale qui se pose aujourd’hui est la datation de cette fondation. Si la mise en place des chaussées de gravier et silex est datée partout, à l’exception de deux voies du centre de la ville, des années 50 qui correspondent effectivement à un moment décisif dans l’histoire de la ville, divers indices suggèrent l’existence d’une agglomération déjà fort étendue à la fin du règne d’Auguste avec des habitats organisés selon ce même schéma directeur. Nous verrons de quelle façon et dans quelle mesure il est possible à partir de la documentation disponible de surmonter ces difficultés.

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Doutor em Urbanismo, apresentada pela Universidade de Lisboa - Faculdade de Arquitetura. Submitted by Pilar Lago (mpilar@fa.utl.pt) on 2015-03-05T11:51:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 03_TESE_Genese e Forma dos Traçados Urbanos_doc final.pdf: 80066713 bytes, checksum: 15cdcfb3466146395d80e48f15ab0c1d (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-05T11:51:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 03_TESE_Genese e Forma dos Traçados Urbanos_doc final.pdf: 80066713 bytes, checksum: 15cdcfb3466146395d80e48f15ab0c1d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-05

The urban layout of the city of Veracruz corresponds to the one it had when the city was founded for the fourth time in 1599. The place is the same as the first founding undertaken by Cortés in the place where they disembarked in 1519. Three months on it was moved to the north shore, next to an indigenous village named Quiahuiztlán. Subsequently it was moved again in 1524 close to the mouth of the Río de los Colibries, much closer to the port. Lastly, in 1599, it came back to the initial place, the place where it remains today. The urban plan is more similar to the first Spanish foundations in the New World as was the case for Santo Domingo, Panama, Puerto Rico and Santiago de Cuba. All throughout the 16th century that urban model evolved into a rigorous one with square blocks. However, the city of Veracruz did not include this type of urban grid., La trame urbaine de la ville de Veracruz correspond à celle de la quatrième refondation de la ville en 1599. La localisation est la même que celle de la première fondation par Cortes sur le lieu du débarquement en 1519. Elle changea de situation, au bout de trois mois, sur la côte au Nord, près d'un village indigène appelé Quiahuiztlan. Postérieurement, en 1524, elle fut déplacée près de l'embouchure du Rio des Colibris, beaucoup plus proche du port. Enfin, en 1599, elle fut rétablie sur le lieu initial où aujourd'hui elle est encore. La trame urbaine ressemble plus aux premières fondations espagnoles dans le Nouveau Monde, comme ce fut le cas de Saint Domingue, Panama, Porto Rico ou Santiago de Cuba. Tout au long du XVIe siècle, le modèle urbain a évolué vers une trame rigoureusement régulière avec des blocs carrés. Mais la ville de Veracruz ne répond pas à ce type., El trazo urbano de la Ciudad de Veracruz corresponde al que tuvo la cuarta refundación de la ciudad de 1599. El lugar es el mismo de la primera fundación por Cortes en el lugar del desembarco de 1519. Se mudó de lugar a los tres meses sobre la costa al norte, junto a un poblado indigena llamado Quiahuiztlan. Posteriormente en 1524 se traslado cerca de la desembocadura del Rio De Los Colibries, mucho más próximo del puerto. Por último en 1599 regresó al lugar inicial, sitio donde hoy día permanece. El trazo urbano se asemeja más a las primeras fundaciones españolas en el nuevo mundo como fueron el caso de Santo Domingo, Panama, Puerto Rico, Santiago de Cuba. A lo largo del siglo XVI el modelo urbano evolucionó a uno rigurosamente regular y con manzanas cuadradas, sin embargo la Cíudad de Veracruz no contó con un trazo de este tipo., Sánchez de Carmona Manuel. El trazo urbano de la ciudad de Veracruz. In: Villes en parallèle, n°47-48, décembre 2013. Carthagène – Veracruz. Villes-ports dans la mondialisation. pp. 210-228.

Dissertação de mestrado em Engenharia Urbana (área de especialização em Cidades Sustentáveis), A forma urbana afecta todos os sistemas e todas as espécies em contexto urbano e influencia todo o comportamento do ruído, desde a emissão passando pelo trajecto até ao receptor afectando o clima global. O presente trabalho pretende, abordar a problemática do ambiente urbano, enquanto espaço de interacção de formas urbanas e ruído urbano. Essa interacção, pretende ser monitorizada por indicadores urbanos, comparando os efeitos da propagação de ruído, nas formas urbanas tipo. O modelo de previsão de ruído (NMPB96), permitiu desenvolver estudos de ruído em fachadas (Ld, Nível de ruído do período diurno), que resulta em cores associadas a classes de ruído. O estudo poderá permitir, com a criação de diferentes cenários, antever, já em fase de projecto, as fachadas expostas a um nível de ruído mais elevado, podendo minimizar assim antecipadamente os efeitos do ruído nas fachadas. De forma a validar o modelo e seus resultados, procedeu-se à comparação dos valores obtidos na modelação com os valores das medições efectuadas em locais seleccionados. A validação das curvas teóricas foi feita em duas fases distintas. A primeira validação passa pela medição e modelação das formas reais comparando os seus pontos receptores. A segunda validação passa pelo cálculo do nível médio de ruído na fachada nos modelos reais modelados, previamente validados e comparando os resultados de cálculo dos indicadores de forma e o comportamento das formas teóricas face ás suas homónimas retiradas e medidas de contexto real., The urban form affects all systems and all species in an urban context and influences the behavior since the emission of noise through the course to the receiver affecting the global climate. This paper seeks to address the problems of the urban environment as an area of interaction between urban forms and urban noise. This interaction is intended to be monitored by urban indicators, comparing the effects of noise propagation in model of urban forms. The model of noise prediction (NMPB96), allowed to develop studies about noise in façades (Ld, level of noise during the day), resulting in colors associated to noise categories. The study will allow the creation of different scenarios and to foresee still in the draft phase, the facades exposed to a higher noise level. The effects of noise in façades can be then minimized in advance, by adjusting the layout of their typology. In order to validate the model and its results, we proceeded to compare the values obtained in modeling the values of measurements at selected locations. The validation of the theoretical curves was done in two phases. The first validation involves the measurement and modeling of real forms by comparing their receptor points. The second validation is by calculating the average noise level on the facade modeled on the real models, and previously validated by comparing the calculation results of the indicators of form and behavior of the theoretical forms face up to its homonymous removed and measures from the real context.

La recherche se situe dans le cadre du programme “architecture de la grande échelle“ proposé par le BRAUP et le PUCA.Elle s’intéresse à la mobilité dans la fabrique de la ville du paysage et du territoire. Partant du constat que les infrastructuresentretiennent un rapport difficile avec le territoire qu’elles traversent, elle pose la question de savoir si l’architecture peutproposer une alternative à l’ingénierie classique dans cette fabrique dans la conception des infrastructures. Elle part d’unesituation concrète, celle d’un groupement d’architecte-paysagiste-urbaniste-ingénieur qui, à l’issue de sept années deprojets d’infrastructures urbaines pour la communauté urbaine Marseille Provence Métropole dans le cadre d’un marché àbons de commande, s’est questionné sur sa propre pratique et s’est interrogé sur le caractère original et la consistance desa stratégie de projet.En termes méthodologiques, ce travail croise la “Recherche Réflexive“ de D.Schön – qui se traduit par la posture depraticiens réflexifs certains membres du groupement - et “l’anatomie de projet urbain“ de Tsiomis et Ziegler qui procède dela confrontation des points de vue des acteurs des projets anbalysés par des observateurs extérieurs : sociologue,d’historien et de philosophe.L’analyse d’un corpus de trois projets a permis de définir en quoi la stratégie de projet du groupement peut être considéréecomme “intégrative“. Mais il a aussi été montré en quoi l’intégration n’était pas forcément accomplie pour chacun d’eux.Cela a permis de dégager de nouvelles modalités de mise en œuvre de cette stratégie. Cela a permis aussi d’initier uneproposition pédagogique pour les enseignements de Master à l’ENSA-Marseille.

The paper examines the genesis and first years of Aaiún, the capital of the former Spanish Sahara, in the 1940s. First, it explores the legal foundations of Spanish presence in the territory and describes the biogeographical setting. Second, it analyses the land production mechanisms which were used at that moment and will also foster the later urban development until 1975. This study is part of a larger research project focused on the recovering of the historical memory of that settlement. Este trabajo se enmarca en una línea de investigación que trata de recuperar parte de la memoria histórica de la que fue capital del antiguo Sahara español, a través del estudio y análisis de los mecanismos de producción de suelo, generadores de su desarrollo urbano entre 1940 y 1975. El trabajo (que se inicia con un recordatorio de las bases legales de la presencia española en el territorio y con una somera descripción biogeográfica del mismo) se centra en los primeros momentos de Aaiun, en los años cuarenta del siglo XX, y en él se ensayan y adelantan algunos de los mecanismos antes aludidos.

Este trabajo se enmarca en una línea de investigación que trata de recuperar parte de la memoria histórica de la que fue capital del antiguo Sahara español, a través del estudio y análisis de los mecanismos de producción de suelo, generadores de su desarrollo urbano entre 1940 y 1975. El trabajo (que se inicia con un recordatorio de las bases legales de la presencia española en el territorio y con una somera descripción biogeográfica del mismo) se centra en los primeros momentos de Aaiun, en los años cuarenta del siglo XX, y en él se ensayan y adelantan algunos de los mecanismos antes aludidos., The paper examines the genesis and first years of Aaiún, the capital of the former Spanish Sahara, in the 1940s. First, it explores the legal foundations of Spanish presence in the territory and describes the biogeographical setting. Second, it analyses the land production mechanisms which were used at that moment and will also foster the later urban development until 1975. This study is part of a larger research project focused on the recovering of the historical memory of that settlement.

Présentation de la ville de Saint-Étienne au 19e siècle des transformations qu'elle a connues de l'émergence de ses formes urbaines et de l'agencement de ses formes architecturales

Étude sur le rapport, l'incidence entre la trame foncière et le relief topographique, entre le relief et les objets du paysage. Après avoir exposé la méthode et les buts de la recherche, présentation des grands traits descripteurs de la Région parisienne puis étude de la trame foncière et du paysage rural dans des communes du Vexin.

Présentation de trois études qui montrent certaines logiques chinoises de l'aménagement de l'espace architectural et urbain. L'étude de "La Forme des quartiers traditionnels" poursuit une interrogation sur la morphologie de la ville, la question de son découpage, les formes d'habitat et leur mode de groupement. Cette dernière préoccupation se retrouve dans l'étude consacrée aux habitations de Suzhou. L' "Islam et l'architecture" présente les traces de l'islamisation au Nord, par voie de terre.