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This Opinion examines the story in the news media involving Nigel Farage and Coutts' attempt to close his bank account. It shows that Farage was able to use this story to create a platform around which other politicians could join him in order to share their experiences and argue for change in the banking sector. The Opinion concludes that despite the strong rhetoric, the calls for reform will have little success because the rules themselves are clear and comprehendible and the exclusionary habits within British banks are pervasive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vine Deloria's account of anthropology in Custer Died for Your Sins (Macmillan, 1969) has become a touchstone of disciplinary self-critiques, used to dismiss past anthropologists and their vision of the discipline. Yet contemporary critical histories of anthropological practice in Native North America often ignore the specificities of Deloria's complaints and erase his engagement with contemporary activist anthropologists. My article focuses on one of Deloria's most important anthropological interlocutors, Nancy Oestreich Lurie. Building on her experience as an action anthropologist, Lurie championed Deloria's call for a mode of anthropology responsive to Indigenous struggles in a series of publications beginning in 1969 and extending through subsequent decades. Drawing on archival sources, I trace the development of Lurie's engagement with Deloria in writings calling anthropologists to join the ongoing struggle of Indigenous peoples and in her work with activists from the Menominee Nation in their efforts to protect their land and reclaim their sovereignty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Building upon recent efforts to assess the history of anthropology in light of renewed calls for disciplinary decolonization, this paper turns to the role of US anthropologists in the infamous policy known as Indian termination, or the withdrawal of all federal aid, services, and protection from tribal members, as well as the end of reservations. Contextualizing the activism of the applied anthropologist John H. Provinse against the backdrop of broader shifts in post-WWII US liberalism, I argue that Provinse's support for termination in the late 1940s reflected an embattled social democratic and pluralistic conception of Indian–US relations. This perspective contrasted with and was ultimately overshadowed by the assimilatory sentiments that would become institutionalized in the termination policies of the 1950s. Thus, Provinse provides an analytical opening from which to explore the discipline's relationship with termination as well as the affordances and limitations of liberal anthropological activism. Moreover, such a case offers a generous rejoinder to more speculative assessments of the discipline's many pasts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to determine course number of misoprostol to successfully terminate a pregnancy according to gestational age. We retrospectively analyzed 365 consecutive terminations of pregnancies from the hospital records and our Perinatology Unit registry. The study cohort was divided into three; according to the trimesters of the pregnancy. The course number of vaginal misoprostol, hemoglobin levels and indications of pregnancy terminations were compared. More than half of the medical terminations of pregnancies were due to fetal central nervous system anomalies (51,2%). The course number needed for successful termination of pregnancy was significantly higher in the second trimester of pregnancy, compared to the first trimester group (p=0.0002). There was no significant difference between first and third trimesters (p=0.652). Increased number of courses of misoprostol was directly associated with drop in hemoglobin levels, regardless of gestational week or parity. Vaginal misoprostol alone is still safe and effective method for termination of pregnancy. The number of courses needed for expulsion of the fetus is significantly higher during the second trimester of the pregnancy and as course number increased, the reduction in hemoglobin levels was more pronounced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Teratogens are responsible for 5% of all known causes of congenital anomalies. Isotretinoin, a retinoic acid–derived agent, leads to congenital anomalies in 21–52% of cases when exposure occurs during pregnancy according to studies conducted before 2006. However, rates of congenital anomalies were much lower in later studies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the rates of congenital anomalies in isotretinoin exposure during pregnancy, isotretinoin exposure before pregnancy, and a control group unexposed to any teratogenic agents. In this cohort study, we divided pregnant women admitted to our center between 2009 and 2020 into two groups: isotretinoin exposure before and during the pregnancy (n = 77) and isotretinoin exposure before the pregnancy (n = 75). We selected the control group from among the non-teratogen exposed pregnant women with a simple random sampling method. Obstetricians calculated the ages of all pregnancies via ultrasound (USG) (crown-rump diameter for the first trimester; biparietal diameter and femur length for the second trimester). After birth, a pediatric genetics specialist examined all babies. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was conducted on the babies who displayed complex phenotypes. Among the isotretinoin exposure before and during the pregnancy, isotretinoin exposure before the pregnancy, and the control groups, there were statistically significant differences in live births (respectively, 64.3 %, 88 %, 93.3 %), congenital anomalies (respectively, 28.6 %, 6.1 %, 1.4 %), miscarriages (respectively, 13 %, 2.7 %, 4 %), terminations (respectively, 32.5 %, 9.3 %, 2.7 %), and premature births (11.9 %, 16.7 %, 2.9 %) (respectively, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.014, p < 0.001). We detected novel phenotypical features in five patients. Our study demonstrated that study design, long-term follow-up, teratological counseling, and implementation of advanced molecular analysis in complex phenotypes with novel phenotypical features are beneficial for understanding the association of congenital anomalies with isotretinoin exposure. While evaluating congenital anomalies, we detected statistically significant differences between isotretinoin exposure before and during the pregnancy vs control, but we did not detect any statistically significant differences between isotretinoin exposure before the pregnancy and controls. Another finding of the study is that WES might be an efficient way to evaluate complex phenotypes in isotretinoin-exposed babies; however, further research is required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Budgetary and contributory organizations represent a stable element of public administration organizations in the Slovak Republic. A similar type of organization is also known in the legal regulations of European countries, or countries around the world, most often under the term government agencies. The legal regulation of budgetary and contributory organizations is important from the point of view of their competencies regulation since on the one hand their activities impact a wide spectrum of the users of their services and on the other hand, they are financed from public sources. The aim of the study is to clarify the legal framework for the establishment and termination of these organizations and the application practice in this area under the conditions of Slovak legislation within the competencies of the Ministry of Education, Science, Research, and Sport of the Slovak Republic. Within the research, methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison, and other scientific methods were used. The starting data to analyze are valid regulations in the Slovak Republic, internal legislation of the Ministry of Education, scientific studies, and foreign legislation to regulate the issue abroad. The study provides a basic regulation of the establishment and termination of budgetary and contributory organizations within legal conditions in the Slovak Republic and an overview of the implemented changes in the structure of departmental organizations within application practice in the education sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In light of increasing digitization and monetization, the freemium pricing model is being used more and more frequently. Against a backdrop of increasing competition and rising costs to attract new users, freemium platform providers need to know how to reduce termination rates. We analyze several influencing factors of termination rates using extensive data over a 5-year period from a freemium platform on sport and breeding horses. We find that shorter contract terms, increasing involvement, and increasing platform-specific content reduces termination rates. Furthermore, freemium providers should pay special attention to the interaction of video views and number of last logins. While both variables individually have no significant influence, the interaction effect positively affects termination rates. The higher both the number of video views and the number of last logins, the higher the termination rate. For freemium providers this finding leads to a dilemma. In short term (within a week), they do not know if a premium user has logged in for the last time and is willing to terminate. Still, this result is highly relevant for freemium providers. They should use our results to analyze last logins and video views ex post. In this way, they can learn about their customers' behavior and find out how to reduce the termination rate in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to explain the subject judge's discretionary authority regarding the invalidity of transactions imposed on a property under Real Estate Property Law No. 13 of 2019. Methods: The idea of a void contract was explained using a descriptive analytical approach. However, the most significant part of this research will be examining the relevant legal texts, utilising the opinions of Islamic jurisprudence--particularly those of the Hanafi school of thought--and Jordanian judiciary jurisprudence as a guide. Results: The study produced a number of findings, the most significant of which was that the legislator in Jordan was right to grant the judge broad discretionary authority within the parameters of Article 13 of the Real Property Law. By doing this, the judge would have been able to address a number of issues that the Jordanian judiciary was confronting, particularly in the event that it became impossible to return the situation to how it had been before the contract was signed. As a result, the legislator was able to establish a clear harmony between the legislative and judicial systems in Jordan. Conclusions: The study proposed that the text of Article (13) of the Real Estate Property Law No. (13) of 2019 be amended by removing the words "annulment" because annulment can only occur if there is a legal contract. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a formalization of several termination criteria for first-order recursive functions. The formalization, which is developed in the Prototype Verification System (PVS), includes the specification and proof of equivalence of semantic termination, Turing termination, size change principle, calling context graphs, and matrix-weighted graphs. These termination criteria are defined on a computational model that consists of a basic functional language called PVS0, which is an embedding of recursive first-order functions. Through this embedding, the native mechanism for checking termination of recursive functions in PVS could be soundly extended with semi-automatic termination criteria such as calling contexts graphs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mergers and acquisition deals are uncertain, with completion likelihood changing throughout the negotiation process. During negotiations, the firms process new information to modify their choices. This study aims to examine the dynamic nature of the M&A negotiation process. The study uses a sample of 983 worldwide unsolicited deals from 1999 to 2019 and classifies M&A deal outcomes using logistic regression, decision tree, and random forest classifiers. Ownership considerations and advisors are essential elements of the negotiation. Ownership sought has the potential to impact the deal's complexity and exercisable control. Prior ownership may either help gain information or recover due diligence costs. The advisors may assist the firms in the available information's financial and legal due diligence. Prior research lacks the negotiation period's dynamism and gives mixed results for the impact of ownership and the role of advisors. We uniquely identify a non-linear inverted U-shaped relationship between the negotiation period and completion likelihood. The results prove that prior ownership, over the negotiation period, serves the dual objective of assisting deal completion and acting as a substitute for the termination fee. The acquirer and target advisors help with the completion of the deal. The varying effects for ownership and advisors over the negotiation process help explain the conflicting results in previous studies. The evolving negotiating circumstances play an important role in affecting the outcome. Our work shows the importance of temporal characteristics and the dynamic nature of decision-making during the M&A negotiation process and encourages further studies exploring processual theories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is focused on the consequences of a final conviction in criminal proceedings on the military service of a professional soldier in comparison with the employment of an employee. To provide a better understanding, a basic description of termination of both relationships is offered prior to examination of the main subject of the paper. Further on, the consequences of a final conviction in criminal proceedings on the military service of a professional soldier and on the employment of an employee are reviewed with a finding of great similarities. First of all, before the very formation of the relationship, a candidate's clean criminal record is a must-have in case of military service and might be a must-have in case of some (specific) employment. Secondly, in case of a conviction and sentence to imprisonment (with no specific length of imprisonment) for an intentional crime, a professional soldier must be dismissed from the military service but an employee may (in regular cases) be dismissed only if they are sentenced to imprisonment for six (or twelve) months for an intentional crime. Finally, the study offers proposals de lege ferenda. One of them is to remove the necessity of giving a convicted soldier an extra two months after the final conviction is delivered by court before soldier's military service is terminated. Another is to dispose of the limitation for the employer consisting of the prohibition of termination of employment with protected employees (pregnant employee, employee on maternity or paternal leave). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neuroblasts in Drosophila divide asymmetrically, sequentially expressing a series of intrinsic factors to generate a diversity of neuron types. These intrinsic factors known as temporal factors dictate timing of neuroblast transitions in response to steroid hormone signaling and specify early versus late temporal fates in neuroblast neuron progeny. After completing their temporal programs, neuroblasts differentiate or die, finalizing both neuron number and type within each neuroblast lineage. From a screen aimed at identifying genes required to terminate neuroblast divisions, we identified Notch and Notch pathway components. When Notch is knocked down, neuroblasts maintain early temporal factor expression longer, delay late temporal factor expression, and continue dividing into adulthood. We find that Delta, expressed in cortex glia, neuroblasts, and after division, their GMC progeny, regulates neuroblast Notch activity. We also find that Delta in neuroblasts is expressed high early, low late, and is controlled by the intrinsic temporal program: early factor Imp promotes Delta, late factors Syp/E93 reduce Delta. Thus, in addition to systemic steroid hormone cues, forward lineage progression is controlled by local cell-cell signaling between neuroblasts and their cortex glia/GMC neighbors: Delta transactivates Notch in neuroblasts bringing the early temporal program and early temporal factor expression to a close.

Eukaryotic transcription is a complex process involving a vast network of protein and RNA factors that influence gene expression. The main player in transcription is the RNA polymerase that synthesizes the RNA from the DNA template. RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) transcribes all protein coding genes and some noncoding RNAs in eukaryotic cells. The polymerase is aided by interacting partners that shuttle it along the gene for initiation, elongation and termination of transcription. One of the many factors that assist RNAPII in transcription of genes is Ssu72. It is a carboxy-terminal-domain (CTD)-phosphatase that plays pleiotropic roles in the transcription cycle. It is essential for cell viability in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the organism in which it was discovered. The homologues of Ssu72 have been identified in humans, mice, plants, flies, and fungi thereby suggesting the evolutionarily conserved nature of the protein. Recent studies have implicated the factor beyond the confines of transcription in homeostasis and diseases.

Background: Termination of atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common arrhythmia in the United States, during catheter ablation is an attractive procedural endpoint, which has been associated with improved long-term outcome in some studies. It is not clear, however, whether it is possible to predict termination using clinical data. We developed and applied three quantitative indices in global multielectrode recordings of AF prior to ablation: average dominant frequency (ADF), spectral power index (SPI), and electrogram quality index (EQI). Methods: In N = 42 persistent AF patients (65 ± 9 years, 14% female) we collected unipolar electrograms from 64-pole baskets (Abbott, CA). We studied N = 17 patients in whom AF terminated during ablation ("Term") and N = 25 in whom it did not ("Non-term"). For each index, we determined its ability to predict ablation by computing receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and calculated the area under the curve (AUC). Results: The ADF did not differ for Term and Non-term patients at 5.28 ± 0.82 Hz and 5.51 ± 0.81 Hz, respectively (p = 0.34). Conversely, the SPI for these two groups was. 0.85 (0.80-0.92) and 0.97 (0.93-0.98) and the EQI was 0.61 (0.58-0.64) and 0.56 (0.55-0.59) (p < 0.0001). The AUC for predicting AF termination for the SPI was 0.85 ([0.68, 0.95] 95% CI), and for the EQI, 0.86 ([0.72, 0.95] 95% CI). Conclusion: Both the EQI and the SPI may provide a useful clinical tool to predict procedural ablation outcome in persistent AF patients. Future studies are required to identify which physiological features of AF are revealed by these indices and hence linked to AF termination or non-termination.

Abstract Background Induced abortion in Costa Rica is illegal in all cases except to save the life of the pregnant person. Despite severe restrictions to legal abortion, individuals in Costa Rica still induce abortions outside of the formal healthcare system. These individuals and those with spontaneous abortions, also known as miscarriages, occasionally need medical care for complications. In Costa Rica, an estimated 41% of unintended pregnancies end in abortion, yet there is very little published literature exploring the perspectives of healthcare providers on abortion in Costa Rica. Methods We interviewed ten obstetrician-gynecologist clinicians and five obstetrician-gynecologist medical residents in San José, Costa Rica about their beliefs and practices related to extra-legal abortion and post-abortion care (PAC) using a Spanish language in-depth semi-structured interview guide. After transcription and translation into English, analysis team pairs used a combination of deductive and inductive coding to identify themes and sub-themes within the data. Results Obstetrician-gynecologist clinicians and medical residents were aware of the presence of extra-legal abortion, and particularly, medication abortion, in their communities, but less familiar with dosing for induction. They expressed the desire to provide non-judgmental care and support their patients through extra-legal abortion and PAC journeys. Study participants were most familiar with providing care to individuals with spontaneous abortions. When discussing PAC, they often spoke about a policy of reporting individuals who seek PAC following an extra-legal abortion, without commenting on whether or not they followed the guidance. Conclusions This study contributes to a gap in research about the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of Costa Rican obstetrician-gynecologist clinicians and medical residents around extra-legal abortion and PAC. The results reveal an opportunity to train these healthcare providers as harm reduction experts, who are able to accurately counsel individuals who are seeking abortion services outside of the healthcare system, and to provide training to improve care for individuals needing PAC.

Abstract Background The fourth section of the 1967 Abortion Act states that individuals (including health care practitioners) do not have to participate in an abortion if they have a conscientious objection. A conscientious objection is a refusal to participate in abortion on the grounds of conscience. This may be informed by religious, moral, philosophical, ethical, or personal beliefs. Currently, there is very little investigation into the impact of conscientious objection on service users in Britain. The perspectives of service users are imperative in understanding the real-world consequences and potential impact of conscientious objection and should be considered when creating and reviewing policies and guidelines. This research provided a platform for women and those who can become pregnant to share their experiences and opinions at a time when these voices are largely excluded in the great tradition of Western political philosophy and law-making processes. Method Five service users were interviewed using a narrative interview approach to uncover their abortion journeys and experiences of conscientious objection. Findings The findings were presented as found poems and uncovered that doctors are not always: informing service users that they have a conscientious objection to abortion, giving service users enough information to access abortion (indirect referral), treating them non-judgmentally, and providing medically correct information. Service users did not experience burdens such as long waiting times and were still able to access legal abortion. However, service users did experience negative emotional effects, as they were often left feeling scared, angry, and hopeless when they were not referred and/or were mistreated. Conclusions Findings indicate that conscientious objection could work in practice. However, it is currently failing some individuals on an emotional level, as not all doctors are adhering to guidelines. Conscientious objection in Britain needs to be addressed, to ensure service users receive fair, impartial, non-judgmental care.

Background: Palliative chemotherapy is commonly used for advanced cancer patients. The timing of chemotherapy termination is crucial for efforts to maintain quality of life. Patients and Methods: This retrospective study included gastrointestinal cancer patients who were treated with chemotherapy and died between 2013 and 2022 at Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital. Data were reviewed regarding age, gender, cancer type, reason for chemotherapy termination, cause of death, survival after chemotherapy termination, and place of death. Results: In total, 388 patients were included; the median survival after chemotherapy was 73 days. Patients aged 67 years (82 days). Ten (2.6%) patients began a new chemotherapy regimen, whereas 17 (4.4%) patients received chemotherapy, within 4 weeks before death. The most common reason for chemotherapy termination was disease progression, and most deaths occurred in hospitals. Conclusion: The rates of chemotherapy and initiation of new chemotherapeutic regimens near the end of life were lower than previously reported. Most deaths occurred in hospitals, highlighting the need for development of hospices.

Introduction: Generally, the spinal cord ends at the level between the first and second lumbar vertebrae. There are many studies published globally, yet no article has been published concerning this title in our settings. The objective of this study was to determine the tip level of conus medullaris by the Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in living humans in Nepalese population. Methods: Images of the MRI done between August 2019 to June 2021 were accessed through the database of the radiology department for defining the level of conus medullaris. The termination level of conus medullaris was rescored in relation to the upper, mid, and lower third of the adjacent vertebrae and the intervertebral disc. Input data was processed in Microsoft Excel which was later analyzed by SPSS 20.0. Results: Of the total, 202 study population, a higher number of spinal cords terminated at lower one-third of L1 vertebrae, accounting for 51 (females 26 and males 25) followed by L1-L2 intervertebral disc comprising only 35 (males 19; females 16). No significant differences in number existed between the two sexes having conus medullaris termination at both levels. Most of the cases who were in the age group of 40-49 years old, termination of CM was noted in L1 with the most common shape being the central type C, accounting for 38% (78/202). Conclusions: The conus medullaris was terminated mostly at lower one third of L1 vertebral body in our settings with no gender difference.

According to the Indonesian criminal justice system, the police is the gatekeeper in addition to other law enforcement institutions. By synchronizing the authority of the police investigator, the Letter of Cancellation Order for Investigation (SP3) can be published as the response to the citizen's report when there is not sufficient proof or the reported matter turns out to be a noncrime act or there are reasons in the name of the law according to the Code of Criminal Procedure (KUHAP) and the Law Number 2 the Year 2002 on the Indonesian National Police. This study used empirical methods by using primary data. Primary data was the observation of the implementation of the policy in releasing a determination for termination of the investigation. Thus, this study aimed to reveal the philosophical basis, the impact of removing judgment for termination of research based on the perspective of Indonesian criminal procedure law renewal, and the implication of releasing determination for termination of the investigation in law enforcement efforts. The result showed that the philosophical foundation of the need to formulate policy still needed to be revised to realize the law's general goals. The formulation policy on the authority of the police investigator to issue the Provision Letter for Investigation Cancellation is carried out by changing or revising, or adding the power of the police investigator in cancelling the investigation. Then, the juridical implication of the issuance of the Provision Letter for Investigation Cancellation (SKP2) by the police investigator for the law enforcement effort is that it strengthens the exercise of the duties and responsibilities of the police investigator in solving the case and facilitating the attainment of the goals of the law.

ABSTRACTA bulk crystal can be cleaved with various terminations, and finding stable terminations, which may have high Miller indices, is a non-trivial task. We propose two independent and complementary descriptors, based on the atom positions of the crystal only, for surface energies of various terminations in a crystal. One is the ‘atom proximity function of a plane’, p, where the Gaussian of the distance from a plane is summed up for atoms near the surface and then normalized. The other is the ‘surface roughness index’, v, which is based on the density of surface atoms and the bonding environment, namely the solid angle of ‘open space’ around an atom. These descriptors contain parameters, but using predetermined suggested values make these descriptors effectively parameter-free. The validity of the descriptors is demonstrated on sc, fcc, and bcc crystals and oxides Li2O, Na2O, K2O, MgO, CaO, β-Ga2O3, θ-Al2O3, rutile structure TiO2, SnO2, and GeO2, anatase structure TiO2, β-Ga2O3, θ-Al2O3, and monoclinic ZrO2. Very stable terminations typically have both small p and large v compared to others.

Background: Induced abortion in Costa Rica is illegal in all cases except to save the life of the pregnant person. Despite severe restrictions to legal abortion, individuals in Costa Rica still induce abortions outside of the formal healthcare system. These individuals and those with spontaneous abortions, also known as miscarriages, occasionally need medical care for complications. In Costa Rica, an estimated 41% of unintended pregnancies end in abortion, yet there is very little published literature exploring the perspectives of healthcare providers on abortion in Costa Rica. Methods: We interviewed ten obstetrician-gynecologist clinicians and five obstetrician-gynecologist medical residents in San José, Costa Rica about their beliefs and practices related to extra-legal abortion and post-abortion care (PAC) using a Spanish language in-depth semi-structured interview guide. After transcription and translation into English, analysis team pairs used a combination of deductive and inductive coding to identify themes and sub-themes within the data. Results: Obstetrician-gynecologist clinicians and medical residents were aware of the presence of extra-legal abortion, and particularly, medication abortion, in their communities, but less familiar with dosing for induction. They expressed the desire to provide non-judgmental care and support their patients through extra-legal abortion and PAC journeys. Study participants were most familiar with providing care to individuals with spontaneous abortions. When discussing PAC, they often spoke about a policy of reporting individuals who seek PAC following an extra-legal abortion, without commenting on whether or not they followed the guidance. Conclusions: This study contributes to a gap in research about the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of Costa Rican obstetrician-gynecologist clinicians and medical residents around extra-legal abortion and PAC. The results reveal an opportunity to train these healthcare providers as harm reduction experts, who are able to accurately counsel individuals who are seeking abortion services outside of the healthcare system, and to provide training to improve care for individuals needing PAC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the framework of the development of the second generation of Eurocode 3, Part 1‐11, related to the design of steel tension components, was completely revised. This paper introduces the main developments in the prEN 1993‐1‐11:2023 regarding the basis of design for the three groups of tension components: A ‐ Rods, B ‐ Ropes, and C ‐ Parallel strand or wire systems. For each of the three groups, complete information on the "Material", "Ultimate limit state" (including fatigue) and "Serviceability limit state" requirements are provided. Improved formulas for the design of saddles and clamps are presented, including new saddle solutions for group C. Reference is made to the new group D ‐ Parallel wire tension components for suspended structures, included in new Annex C. Annex A "Product requirements for tension components" was completely revised to reflect modern testing requirements. Informative Annex B has been also updated with new figures that reflect the state of the art in tension elements and terminations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The largest subunit of RNA polymerase (Pol) II harbors an evolutionarily conserved C‐terminal domain (CTD), composed of heptapeptide repeats, central to the transcriptional process. Here, we analyze the transcriptional phenotypes of a CTD‐Δ5 mutant that carries a large CTD truncation in human cells. Our data show that this mutant can transcribe genes in living cells but displays a pervasive phenotype with impaired termination, similar to but more severe than previously characterized mutations of CTD tyrosine residues. The CTD‐Δ5 mutant does not interact with the Mediator and Integrator complexes involved in the activation of transcription and processing of RNAs. Examination of long‐distance interactions and CTCF‐binding patterns in CTD‐Δ5 mutant cells reveals no changes in TAD domains or borders. Our data demonstrate that the CTD is largely dispensable for the act of transcription in living cells. We propose a model in which CTD‐depleted Pol II has a lower entry rate onto DNA but becomes pervasive once engaged in transcription, resulting in a defect in termination. Synopsis: RNA polymerase II is essential for gene expression. This study shows that its Carboxy‐Terminal Domain plays a previously unappreciated role in the control of transcription termination and is dispensable for transcription in human cells. RNA polymerase II Carboxy‐Terminal Domain (CTD) is dispensable for transcription.Transcription without CTD displays a termination defect at both 5′ and 3′ ends of the genes.RNA polymerase II without CTD interacts less with Mediator and Integrator complexes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The fourth section of the 1967 Abortion Act states that individuals (including health care practitioners) do not have to participate in an abortion if they have a conscientious objection. A conscientious objection is a refusal to participate in abortion on the grounds of conscience. This may be informed by religious, moral, philosophical, ethical, or personal beliefs. Currently, there is very little investigation into the impact of conscientious objection on service users in Britain. The perspectives of service users are imperative in understanding the real-world consequences and potential impact of conscientious objection and should be considered when creating and reviewing policies and guidelines. This research provided a platform for women and those who can become pregnant to share their experiences and opinions at a time when these voices are largely excluded in the great tradition of Western political philosophy and law-making processes. Method: Five service users were interviewed using a narrative interview approach to uncover their abortion journeys and experiences of conscientious objection. Findings: The findings were presented as found poems and uncovered that doctors are not always: informing service users that they have a conscientious objection to abortion, giving service users enough information to access abortion (indirect referral), treating them non-judgmentally, and providing medically correct information. Service users did not experience burdens such as long waiting times and were still able to access legal abortion. However, service users did experience negative emotional effects, as they were often left feeling scared, angry, and hopeless when they were not referred and/or were mistreated. Conclusions: Findings indicate that conscientious objection could work in practice. However, it is currently failing some individuals on an emotional level, as not all doctors are adhering to guidelines. Conscientious objection in Britain needs to be addressed, to ensure service users receive fair, impartial, non-judgmental care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Purpose of Review: When the Supreme Court handed down its decision in Dobbs v Jackson Women's Health Organization in June 2022, the constitutional right to abortion was no longer protected by Roe v Wade. Fifteen states now have total or near-total bans on abortion care or no clinics providing abortion services. We review how these restrictions affect the medical care of people with pregestational diabetes. Recent Findings: Of the ten states with the highest percent of adult women living with diabetes, eight currently have complete or 6-week abortion bans. People with diabetes are at high risk of diabetes-related pregnancy complications and pregnancy-related diabetes complications and are disproportionately burdened by abortion bans. Summary: Abortion is an essential part of comprehensive, evidence-based diabetes care, yet no medical society has published guidelines on pregestational diabetes that explicitly discuss the importance and role of safe abortion care. Medical societies enacting standards for diabetes care and clinicians providing diabetes care must advocate for access to abortion to reduce pregnancy-related morbidity and mortality for pregnant people with diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After a comparative and critical examination of the definition of possession in the former and current Civil Code, the study bent towards the clarification of the concept of de facto possession. Unlike the holder of the right, who exercises the attribute of possession on the basis of the power conferred by law, in the case of de facto possession there is a de facto ownership that does not grant him the exercise of certain powers over the asset, but which are nevertheless exercised in the form of material or legal acts by the direct owner of the property, in his own power or through another person, as if he had a right that he does not really have. The force of the de facto power is prior to the one de jure, because the owner who lost possession risks losing the right in favour of the possessor who exercised the de facto power over the thing. The aspects related to the acquisition of possession were associated with the simultaneous existence of the two elements, animus and corpus, as well as with the function of the element animus, with personal nature of subsistence of the possession in case of interruption of the acts of use regarding the corpus element or its exercise through others, as in the case of precarious detention. In the same framework, it was addressed the mechanism of operation of the two elements of possession in the case of co-ownership, joint property and of the right of claim in relation to a certain tangible asset. The causes for cessation of possession, stated by Article 921 of the Civil Code, were examined in relation to the classification of assets into movable and immovable and with the impact of the loss of the corpus element as regards the movable assets, the possession of which, under the conditions of Article 935 of the Civil Code, is not distinct from the issue of property. The vices affect the useful nature of the possession, which must be continuous, peaceful and under the name of owner. After explaining the content of each vice, it was specified that the interruption of possession and the ownership other than under the name of owner, retained in the former Civil Code as vices of possession, are in reality causes for the cessation of possession, while the ambiguity retained by doctrine and jurisprudence as being defining for the utility of the possession is in reality a factor that intervenes when one of the qualities of the possession is doubtful. Discontinuity as a vice of possession has meaning depending on the nature of the asset, while violence in acquiring and preserving possession must come from the possessor, and not from a third party. As for clandestinity, it vitiates the possession when it cannot be known by the person against whom it is exercised, having a relative character. In the analysis of the effects of useful possession, enunciated by the Civil Code, it was emphasized the important role of the presumption of ownership arising from the appearance created by possession and justified by the fact that, in most cases, the de facto power over the asset coincides with the existence of the real right. The pragmatic side of the presumption arising from the possession of the asset, appears in the settlement of the claim action, because it gives the possessor defendant a comfortable position. In matters of movables, the presumption of ownership is stronger, because it is absorbed by the title of property deriving from the fact of possession. The examination of the effects of the possession related to the acquisition of fruits by the possessor in good faith and in bad faith took into account the distinction between fruits and products, the tripartite classification of fruits, the manner and the moment of acquiring the right of ownership regarding these. In the last part of the study, there were treated the judicial way to protect the possession, respectively the general and special conditions of the action to recover the possession in complaint and reintegranda, as well as the advantages of the action to recover the possession in the protection of the property right, compared to the claim action. Last but not least, there were examined the effects of the judgment pronounced in possession, the autonomous nature of the action to recover the possession and the incompatibility of the simultaneous exercise of the action to recover the possession with the action in petition, given that they are excluded by their object. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses attention on the role of legal positions of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine in improving all components of constitutional and legal responsibility. It is emphasized that in view of the development of social relations, consolidation of Ukraine’s foreign policy course towards full membership in the EU, the war with Russia, one of the key issues is the question of measures of constitutional and legal responsibility (sanctions) in the retrospective aspect. It is noted that currently the measures of constitutional and legal responsibility have the following shortcomings: 1) fragmentation; 2) diversity; 3) conflicts (between normative acts that enshrine them and individual norms of law; conflicts in law-making and law enforcement; conflicts of powers and statuses of state bodies, officials). The legal positions of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine regarding sanctions as a measure of constitutional and legal responsibility have been revealed. Attention is focused on their features, if the constitutional responsibility is borne by: 1) a collective subject; 2) an individual subject. It is emphasized that if the constitutional responsibility is borne by an individual subject - sanctions should be individualized as much as possible; a balance must be achieved between the protection of state interests, state security and interference with the rights and freedoms of an individual subject. Attention is focused on the sanctions that can be established in the laws of Ukraine (at the same time, it is emphasized that the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine is not the only entity empowered to establish sanctions), the constitutional and legal responsibility that the parliament itself bears for the adopted laws, acts of public legislation, absolutely defined and non-alternative sanctions.

The termination of employment relationship, to workers, means the beginning of all ends, having job, their ability of funding daily life needs for them and their family, their ability of funding their children's tuition, and etc. However, in fact it cannot be precluded entirely. The problems discussed are: 1) What is the procedure of Employment Relationship Termination Viewed from Law Number 11 of 2020 about Job Creation and Government Regulation Number 35 of 2021? What are the rights the workers get due to the termination of Employment Relationship? Type of research employed in this study is normative/juridical law research conducted by means of studying literature or secondary data only and analyzing it qualitatively, through classifying data by the aspects studied rather than using numbers. The procedure of employment relationship termination, viewed from Law Number 11 of 2020 about Job Creation and Government Law No.35 of 2021, can be done in several ways: 1) the Termination of Employment Relationship should be informed first to the workers, 2) the Termination of Employment Relationship is informed through the first, the second, and the third warnings, 3) the Termination of Employment Relationship with first and the last warnings, without the second warning, and 4) Employer can terminate the Employment Relationship directly. The rights the workers get due to the termination of employment relationship are as follows. The employers obligatorily provide severance pay or long service pay and compensation rights pay the workers should receive. In relation to severance pay, long service pay, and compensation rights pay, the workers are classified into three: 1) Workers who are terminated and given severance pay, long service pay, and compensation rights pay; 2) workers who are terminated without severance pay but given long service pay and compensation rights pay only; and 3) workers who are terminated without severance pay, long service pay, and compensation rights pay, and company only gives a little grant for their family. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite intense public and policy debates about the termination (and re-instatement) of sanctions in cases such as Iran, Cuba and Russia, research has hitherto focused on sanctions imposition and effectiveness, directing little attention towards their removal. Existing work has been constrained by a lack of adequate data. In response, we introduce a novel dataset that contains information on the termination of all EU, UN, US and regional sanctions between 1990 and 2018. In contrast to previous datasets, which rely on media reports, the International Sanctions Termination (IST) dataset systematically codes official governmental and intergovernmental documents. It contains information on the design of sanctions – including expiry dates, review provisions and termination requirements – and captures the gradual process of adapting and ending sanctions. The article describes the data collection process, considers IST's complementarity to and compatibility with existing datasets, and discusses the newly captured variables, exploring how they affect the termination of sanctions. The results indicate that changes in the sender's goals and investments in monitoring devices lead to significantly longer sanctions spells. By contrast, clearly stipulated termination requirements decrease the expected duration of sanctions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 1945 Constitution as a constitution in post-reform Indonesia in 1998 underwent four amendments starting with the first amendment in 1999, the second amendment in 2000, the third amendment in 2001 and ending with the fourth amendment in 2002, by establishing 13 Articles and 3 Articles of Transitional Rules and 2 Articles of Additional Rules. Subhan Ali stated that changes to the constitution are a consequence of the life of a nation that aspires to create stronger and more certain constitutional conditions. Changes to the Constitution make this nation have a foundation to build a more progressive but also accountable country. Article 1 paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, states: "Indonesia is a country based on law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Erciyes Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Erciyes University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

It has recently been argued that foundationalists, those who take grounding to be well-founded, should not understand the well-foundedness of grounding as the condition that every grounding chain terminates in the downward direction, because this interpretation of well-foundedness fails to correctly classify certain complex grounding structures. Some structures that plausibly would be acceptable to the foundationalist are classified as not well-founded and others that plausibly would not be acceptable to the foundationalist are classified as well-founded. In this paper I provide a characterisation of well-foundedness in terms of termination that correctly characterises all these difficult cases. This acts as a response to these recent arguments. Furthermore, it allows us to better evaluate their importance: these arguments have not shown that foundationalists are wrong to harbour the intuition that grounding chains must terminate in the downward direction, rather, they have shown that foundationalists need to be more clear about this intuition and how it is born out in more complex grounding structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: End tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2) is measured to confirm the placement of an endotracheal tube and evaluate the efficacy of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), and as an assistive tool for terminating CPR. However, there are no highly accurate or definitive recommendations for its use when deciding on the termination of CPR. We aimed to merge EtCO2 values with existing termination of resuscitation (TOR) rules to obtain a more accurate combination for terminating resuscitation. Methods: This observational, prospective study included non-traumatic adult patients who were admitted to a tertiary university hospital Emergency Medicine Department due to cardiac arrest. EtCO2 cutoff values (at 5, 10, and 20 min) were integrated into currently used TOR parameters (arrest was not witnessed, no bystander CPR was provided, no return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) after full advanced life support care in the field, and no shock was delivered) and the extended TOR rule was created. These extended TOR rules were compared at three different times (5, 10, and 20 min) for specificity and positive predictive value for ROSC. Results: We included a total of 86 cases. The cutoff value of EtCO2 from ROC analysis was 19.5, 23.5, and 20.5 mmHg at 5, 10, and 20 min, respectively. “The extended TOR rule created with the 20-min EtCO2 cutoff (20.5 mmHg) was the most accurate in detecting ROSC (−) patients. The specificity was 100% (95% CI 63.1–100.0) sensitivity was 20.0% (95% CI 9.1–35.7), positive predictive value was 100% and negative predictive value was 20.0% (95% CI 17.6–22.6) for ROSC (−) patients. The parameters of this rule were as follows: arrest was not witnessed, no bystander CPR was provided, no ROSC after full advanced life support care in the field, no shock was delivered, and EtCO2 value at 20 min of resuscitation

From its inception, the COVID-19 pandemic has been a disruptive force on U.S. health care and public health systems. President Biden's announced termination of the national public health emergency on May 11, 2023 portends a return to normalcy and relief for Americans from the greatest infectious disease scourge the nation has ever faced. In reality, closing out this pandemic presents a tempest of legal and practical complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia encountered in clinical practice. Episodes may stop spontaneously (paroxysmal AF); may terminate only via intervention (persistent AF); or may persist indefinitely (permanent AF) (see European and American guidelines, referenced below, for more precise definitions). Recently, there has been renewed interest in an approach to terminate AF acutely referred to as 'pill-in-the-pocket' (PITP). The PITP is recognized in both the US and European guidelines as an effective option using an oral antiarrhythmic drug for acute conversion of acute/recent-onset AF. However, how PITP is currently used has not been systematically evaluated. Methods and results The recently published Antiarrhythmic Interventions for Managing Atrial Fibrillation (AIM-AF) survey included questions regarding current PITP usage, stratified by US vs. European countries surveyed, by representative countries within Europe, and by cardiologists vs. electrophysiologists. This manuscript presents the data from this planned sub-study. Our survey revealed that clinicians in both the USA and Europe consider PITP in about a quarter of their patients, mostly for recent-onset AF with minimal or no structural heart disease (guideline appropriate). However, significant deviations exist. See the Graphical abstract for a summary of the data. Conclusion Our findings highlight the frequent use of PITP and the need for further physician education about appropriate and optimal use of this strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Necmettin Erbakan University School of Law Review is the property of Necmettin Erbakan University School of Law Review and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We explore the Collatz conjecture and its variants through the lens of termination of string rewriting. We construct a rewriting system that simulates the iterated application of the Collatz function on strings corresponding to mixed binary–ternary representations of positive integers. We prove that the termination of this rewriting system is equivalent to the Collatz conjecture. We also prove that a previously studied rewriting system that simulates the Collatz function using unary representations does not admit termination proofs via natural matrix interpretations, even when used in conjunction with dependency pairs. To show the feasibility of our approach in proving mathematically interesting statements, we implement a minimal termination prover that uses natural/arctic matrix interpretations and we find automated proofs of nontrivial weakenings of the Collatz conjecture. Although we do not succeed in proving the Collatz conjecture, we believe that the ideas here represent an interesting new approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Romanian Case Law Review / Revista Română de Jurisprudenţă is the property of Universul Juridic Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Selcuk Law Review / Selçuk Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Selcuk Law Review and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The family is the oldest mechanism on earth, and it occupies an important place in human society. Throughout human history, strong families have been a guarantee of stability in society. Getting used to family life is not an easy process, conflict situations arise in it. However, all these «pitfalls» can be overcome with the joint desire of the spouses, and in the worst case, the marriage can be terminated during the life of the spouses by breaking it off (divorce). The destruction of the family has always been associated with the socio-legal problems of divorce. They were interesting for society, provided material for research in the field of law and sociology for the development of measures that would prevent the disintegration of the family. Marriage is a union of a man and a woman, which is entered into for the formation of a family, joint life, the birth and upbringing of children, which is not limited to any term. And indeed, the intentions of the bride and groom do not contain temporary conditions, they have a permanent character. At the same time, both the legislation and the practice of family life provide for the possibility of termination of marriage, and they implement it quite often. The marital union is based on voluntary principles. And in the event that in the course of married life it becomes clear that the further preservation of the family is not possible and the continuation of the marriage will harm the spouses and children, then divorce becomes quite natural. Divorce is not mandatory, but possible, the kind that destroys marriage as a union - the result of the unsuccessful development of marital and family relations. As a rule, a divorce is only a formalization of the results of a marriage breakdown. The problem of divorce is a social and legal problem, which consists in determining the reasons, conditions under which a marriage can be dissolved, the signs necessary for the dissolution of a marriage in the bodies of the DRATS, the grounds sufficient for the court, the rules of its proceedings, in determining the consequences of divorce for the spouses, children and other persons. Marriage is terminated by divorce, that is, all marital relations between a man and a woman are severed, but for a long time a number of ties remain between them, as a rule, moral, and often also material, property. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses attention on the role of legal positions of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine in improving all components of constitutional and legal responsibility. It is emphasized that in view of the development of social relations, consolidation of Ukraine's foreign policy course towards full membership in the EU, the war with Russia, one of the key issues is the question of measures of constitutional and legal responsibility (sanctions) in the retrospective aspect. It is noted that currently the measures of constitutional and legal responsibility have the following shortcomings: 1) fragmentation; 2) diversity; 3) conflicts (between normative acts that enshrine them and individual norms of law; conflicts in law-making and law enforcement; conflicts of powers and statuses of state bodies, officials). The legal positions of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine regarding sanctions as a measure of constitutional and legal responsibility have been revealed. Attention is focused on their features, if the constitutional responsibility is borne by: 1) a collective subject; 2) an individual subject. It is emphasized that if the constitutional responsibility is borne by an individual subject - sanctions should be individualized as much as possible; a balance must be achieved between the protection of state interests, state security and interference with the rights and freedoms of an individual subject. Attention is focused on the sanctions that can be established in the laws of Ukraine (at the same time, it is emphasized that the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine is not the only entity empowered to establish sanctions), the constitutional and legal responsibility that the parliament itself bears for the adopted laws, acts of public legislation, absolutely defined and non-alternative sanctions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study compared pre-treatment distress and the changes in that distress over the course of therapy between sexual trauma clients and non-sexual trauma clients. Reasons for therapy ending were also examined. Data for this study were collected at 139 university counseling centers. Psychological distress was measured using the Counseling Center Assessment of Psychological Symptoms; presenting concerns were determined using the Clinician Index of Client Concerns; and reason for end of treatment was measured using a standardized Termination Form. MANOVA was utilized to test differences in psychological distress at the start of therapy and a MANCOVA was used to examine psychological distress over the course of therapy. Chi-square tests were used to examine if different reasons existed for why treatment ended. Clients that experienced sexual trauma presented to treatment with significantly higher levels of distress but demonstrated greater distress change. No statistical differences in reasons associated with the end of treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]