Search

Unfortunately, this analysis from 2009 proved to be true in anticipating a possible massive backlash against the attempted country-wide re-introduction of universal schooling including for girls in Afghanistan by President Karzai. It is an essential tool to grasp the underlying structural patterns and make sense of the unfolding developments in Afghanistan, repeating the ultimate fate of modernization attempts as represented by the regimes of Amanullah Khan in the first half of the 20th century, followed by Daoud Kahn in the 1960s, and the Soviet-backed Communist regime of the 1970s and 1980s. The socio-anthropologically inspired descriptive analysis of precarious educational modernization and its effects links historical trends and current conflict dynamics of the ongoing clash between progressive modernizers on the one side and cultural fundamentalists and ultra-conservative traditionalists on the other. The text provides fundamental insights into the long wave-like trends of expansion followed by contraction, by which the public school system in Afghanistan has long been characterized. Ever since the inception of Afghanistan's school system in the early 20th century, it has been both an expression as well as a leading force of the respective regime's concept of organizing and developing society. Throughout modern history, the Afghan modernizing forces' attempts to introduce and expand modern public education sooner or later ran into resistance from among conservative elements in Afghan society. Craig C. Naumann earned a doctorate in sociology in 2007 with a dissertation on the State, society, and history of the education system in Afghanistan. He specializes in applied social sciences in the field of international development, mainly in Africa and Asia. Between 2002 and 2009, Naumann spent an accumulated total of more than six years in Afghanistan, working in various functions for a number of international aid agencies as well as an advisor to the Afghan Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Economy. In Asia, other than Afghanistan, he also served in Tajikistan and Pakistan. Naumann has published a number of studies that are related to development issues in Afghanistan. He is planning on going back to work in Afghanistan in 2022.

The 'Quality of Education in Madrasah' (QEM) study aimed to provide high quality research into various dimensions of quality of education in Indonesian Madrasahs. The study focused on final year students in Islamic Junior Secondary Schools (Madrasah Tsanawiyah, MT). One hundred and fifty MTs were sampled from across Indonesia, with equal numbers selected from Java and the East and West of the country. Systematically selected intact classes were sampled within schools, involving a total of 6,233 students. Eight instruments were developed for use in the study. Four were achievement tests designed to assess performance in Mathematics, Science, Indonesian and English. Australian Council for Educational Research's (ACER's) School Life Questionnaire (SLQ) was used as an affective measure of school quality. ACER developed an instrument to assess student background characteristics, and a Principal Interview Schedule and a School Inventory were also developed by ACER to collect information on MTs. Mean scores showed that students in Java performed better than students in the East and West regions on each of the four achievement tests, with students in the West performing marginally better than students in the East on all tests. The largest correlations between student background factors and achievement across the three regions were observed for number of home resources and study materials available to students.

Two demographic events will have significant effects on the Ontario university system this decade. The first is the growth in the population of student age, which will increase the demand on the system. That increase is associated with the baby boom echo, but it will be exacerbated by the so-called "double cohort" (which will see two classes of secondary school graduates enter university in the same year) and by the trend towards higher enrolment rates. The second event -- the retirement of faculty hired in the late 1960s and the 1970s to meet the demands associated with the baby boom itself -- will reduce the supply of services that the university system can provide.. The purpose of this paper is to attach some numbers to these two effects and, in particular, to anticipate the need to recruit new faculty. The projections suggest that the minimum need for net recruitment of faculty by the end of this decade is equal to at least half of the current complement, and it may be considerably more.