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This review presents an analysis of the structure, synthesis, and physicochemical properties of zeolites of the MWW structural type. Various physicochemical characteristics of zeolites MCM-22, MCM-36, MCM-49, and MCM-56 (X-ray diffraction data, textural characteristics, morphology, IR and NMR data) have been discussed and compared, and their similarities and differences have been evaluated.

espanolEl siguiente trabajo es una revision de literatura sobre los sistemas de gestion de calidad, en especial, los sistemas integrados de gestion, que consta de la correspondencia que existe entre las normas ISO 9001: 2015, ISO14001 y OHSAS 1800; esta correspondencia es de tipo tecnico y estructural y ayuda a garantizar la calidad en todas las areas de la empresa de forma clara, directa y acertada. A lo largo del informe se presentan diferentes definiciones que se dan a cada una de las etapas de un sistema integrado de gestion, que se pueden resumir en: introduccion a los sistemas integrados de gestion, enfoque basado en procesos y documentacion de los sistemas de gestion, responsabilidad de la direccion y gestion de recursos, determinacion y revision de los requisitos, medicion, analisis y mejora. EnglishThe following is a review of the literature on quality management systems, especially the integrated management systems, which consists of the correspondence that exists between the ISO 9001: 2015, ISO14001 and OHSAS 18001 standards. This correspondence is of a technical and structural type and it helps to ensure quality in all areas of the company in a clear, direct and accurate way. Throughout the report, There are many different definitions that are given to the characteristics of a management system. They can be summarized as: introduction of integrated management systems, process-based approach and documentation of management systems, management responsibility and resource management, determination and review of requirements, measurement, analysis and improvement.

Although great achievements have been made in the synthesis of giant lanthanide clusters, novel structural models are still scarce. Herein, we report a giant lanthanide cluster Dy76 , constructed from [Dy3 (μ3 -OH)4 ] and [Dy5 (μ4 -O)(μ3 -OH)8 ] building blocks. As the largest known Dy cluster, the structure of Dy76 can be seen as arising from the fusion of two Dy48 clusters; these clusters can be isolated under various synthetic conditions and were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. This new, fused structural model of the pillar motif has not been found in Ln clusters. Furthermore, the successful conversion of Dy76 back into Dy48 in a retrosynthetic manner supports the proposed fusion formation mechanism of Dy76 . Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) analysis suggests that the metal cluster skeleton of Dy76 shows good stability in various solvents. This work not only reveals a new structural type of Ln clusters but also provides insight into the novel fusion assembly process.

Two novel complexes [Co5(tBu-sao)6(MeO)2Py5] (1) and [Fe(bpy)3]·[Fe6O2(SO4)2(L)4(MeO)4(MeOH)2] (2) have been synthesized through one-pot reactions using tBu-saoH2. Single-crystal X-ray analysis shows that complex 1 possesses a rare concurrent 9-MC-3 structural type, and 2 contains two isolated and off-set stacked 8-MC-3 units. Magnetic studies revealed antiferromagnetic coupling and field-dependent slow magnetic relaxation in 1, and both antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic interactions in 2.

Hierarchical SnAl-silicate zeolites of the BEA structural type with Lewis (up to 130 μmol/g) and Bronsted (up to 330 μmol/g) acid sites, the concentration of which according to diffuse reflectance and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy increases with increase of the charge of the hydrophilic part of the employed templates and also the Al3+ and Sn4+ contents, were obtained. In the catalytic tandem process in the presence of the obtained zeolites 89%-99% selectivity for 4-methoxybenzyl-sec-butyl ether and 36% conversion for anisaldehyde are obtained.

Researches by definition of optimum temperatures at hashing asphaltic concrete mixes on bitumens of different structural types with application of a method of mathematical designing of experiments are presented. Varied factors at manufacturing asphaltic concrete mixes were an index of a penetration of bitumen as the characteristic of a structural type of bitumen, the maintenance of bitumen and temperature of hashing of mixes. Processing of results of experiment is executed with application of computer technologies by means of a package of applied programs Maple. Mathematical models of physicomechanical properties of asphaltic concretes in the form of the equations the regressions reflective link between investigated properties of asphaltic concretes and varied factors are received. It is determined that at reduction of an index of a penetration and a rise of temperature of mixing strength of an asphaltic concrete increases. At a rise of temperature of hashing and increas asphalt content in mixes the water-resistance of an asphaltic concrete increases. On extreme dependences of indicators of durability at a tensioning and a tension in bending from hashing temperature optimum temperatures of hashing asphaltic concrete mixes are defined. It is established that optimum temperatures of hashing depends on an index of a penetration of bitumen and raise at its reduction.

Diagnosing all components of risk is essential in earthquake loss attribution science, but quantitative estimates on how sensitive the earthquake-induced direct economic losses (DELs) are to changes in hazard, exposure and vulnerability is rarely known. Here the relationship between earthquake DELs and earthquake magnitude (Ms), asset value exposure (K), proportion of non-steel-concrete residential buildings (H) and physical environment instability (E) is quantified using the concept of economic elasticity. Earthquake disaster event-based DEL records over the period from 1990 to 2016 for the mainland of China are fitted to a regression model. Elasticity values for Ms, K, H and E are 7.63, 0.75, 4.92 and 0.91, respectively, indicating that on average, DEL changes are more sensitive to changes in Ms and H-a 13% increase in Ms or a 20% increase in H would double earthquake DELs, while it may take a 133% increase in K or a 110% increase in E to cause the same economic losses. In turn, this suggests that human factors-decreasing H and K-could be efficient ways to reduce earthquake risk, while these two factors will become increasingly relevant for risk assessment in the future with continued economic growth. The elasticity estimate results could be used for studying future change in earthquake risks and for supporting disaster risk reduction strategies.

The possibility of obtaining hydrogen storage materials based on TiCr2 intermetallic compounds by the methods of melting in abnormal glow discharge plasma and electron beam melting is shown. The use of melting in abnormal glow discharge plasma leads to the formation of a Laves phase of the C36 structural type, while electron beam melting allows the C14-type Laves phase to be obtained. It is established that the formation of Laves phases of different structural types is associated with different cooling rates, which is caused by the specific features of the methods for synthesizing intermetallic compounds.

This article has been aimed at presenting a repertoire of mistakes made by two groups of experts at preparation, implementation and evaluation of preventive program focused on the increase of children and youth sensitivity to violence in the school environment. It was a group of researchers from the university, and a group of prevention supporters, herein as preventists, from a big non-profitable organization. The two groups worked together in various extents and within various stages of large preventive program application. Preventists from the non-profitable organization required from the researchers to map the program efficiency at elementary schools students. Both researchers and preventists created a tool for identification of children´s attitude to violence. Preventists created their own preventive program that was applied at schools during 8 sessions. Before and after the preventive program attending, the children filled in the same questionnaire of attitude in order to capture the change of their attitude to violence. Reverse analysis of preventive program test results represented a method of obtaining the outputs in order to identify the preventive program efficiency before and after the program application on students and pupils of a single Slovak region. So called „structural type errors“ were identified during detail analysis of preventive program efficiency test results. They are errors made by the group of researchers and preventists in the area of coordination and cooperation in the stage of preparation and implementation of the preventive program.

The present study accounts for the use of general extenders (GEs) in spoken and written registers. The repertoire and usage of GEs is analysed in Lithuanian by focusing on their distribution across different registers, their structural properties, and discourse-pragmatic functions. The study is based on a reference corpus of Lithuanian, which includes four subcorpora of written discourse and a subcorpus of spoken discourse. The findings indicate that there are some significant cross-generic differences in GE frequency, but most frequently GEs in Lithuanian are used in written academic discourse. With regard to the structural types of GEs, adjunctives are considerably more frequent than disjunctives. GE structure allows for a large degree of variation, and in spoken interaction GEs can include deictic elements. Concerning discourse-pragmatic functions, GEs are predominantly used to serve textual and interpersonal functions, which appear to be strongly related to the structural type of the GE and discourse settings.

O artigo faz uma analise critica documental do material impresso utilizado pelas lideres da Pastoral da Crianca, sobre o aleitamento materno. A natureza do estudo e qualitativa, utilizando o metodo de analise de conteudo do tipo tematica e estrutural, a partir da analise documental. O material analisado reforca o conhecimento cientifico e a funcao biologica do aleitamento materno, homogeneizando as acoes e descontextualizando a acao local e comunitaria. A organizacao da Pastoral em grupos pequenos favorece o trabalho de apoio ao aleitamento materno, porem ha muito que considerar sobre o papel singular de cada lider alem do que esta posto nos materiais padronizados pela instituicao. Palavras-chave : Aleitamento materno. Organizacao comunitaria. Politicas publicas. BREASTFEEDING AND PASTORAL OF THE CHILD: A DOCUMENTAL ANALYSIS ABSTRACT: The article makes a documentary critical analysis of printed material used by leaders of the Pastoral on breastfeeding. The nature of the study is qualitative, using the method of analysis of content of thematic and structural type, from the documentary analysis. The analyzed material reinforces the scientific knowledge and the biological function of breastfeeding, homogenizing actions and decontextualizing local and community action. The Pastoral organization in small groups favors the work in support of breastfeeding, but there is much to consider about the unique role of each leader beyond what is laid on standardized materials by the institution. Keywords: Breast feeding. Communitarian organization. Public policies.

Reaction between [BiBr6]3− and Br2 in HBr in presence of trimethylammonium bromide results in self-assembly of a supramolecular halometalate-polybromide derivative (Me3NH)3{[Bi2Br9](Br2)} belonging to a novel structural type. DFT calculations allowed estimation of Br⋯Br contact energies (1.3–4.4 kcal/mol).

The reactions of dipotassium 3,4-dimethyl-2,5-bis(trimethylsilyl)-germole dianion K2[1] with YCl3 and Cp*YCl2 (Cp* = cyclopentadienyl) in THF at room temperature afforded the dianion salt [(K-cryptand-222)2][1-YCl3] (K2[2]) and the dimeric complex [1-Y-Cp*]2 (3), respectively. While the polymeric complex {[(1)2-Y-K(toluene)]2}n (4) was obtained from the reaction of K2[1] and half molar equivalent of YCl3(THF)3.5 in toluene at 80 °C. The germole dianions in complexes 3 and 4 feature η5/η1 coordination interactions with the yttrium atoms. They represent the first examples of rare earth (RE) complexes containing RE–Ge bonds other than the RE–GeR3 structural type.

International audience; New Ni3TeO6-type (NTO) and double perovskite (DPv) polymorphs of Co3TeO6 are synthesised at pressures of 15 GPa. A complex elliptic helical magnetic order is observed in the NTO polymorph (TN1 = 58 K) that reorientates (42 K) and further splits (TN2 = 23.5 K) creating a coexisting helix. Increasing Co content within the Mn3-xCoxTeO6 system changes the dominant DPv phase to NTO structural type and drastically modifies the magnetic behaviour. DPv Co3TeO6 is the first A-site double cobaltite.

The focus particles net ‘even’, tiktai ‘only’, gi and juk in the 16th–17th century Lithuanian writings The paper investigates the functions and usage of the focus particles net ‘even’ , tiktai ‘only’ gi and juk in the selected Old Lithuanian texts from the 16 th –17 th centuries. The aim is to find out how widely the focus meaning is evidenced in the analysed writings, whether there are traces of further semantic development from the focus to discourse meanings. Special attention is paid to the scope (or focus) of the particles: an attempt is made at discovering whether the phrases (and of what structural type) or the whole proposition of the sentence falls within the scope of the particles. Three old texts were chosen for analysis: Jonas Bretkūnas’ Postilla (1591), Mikalojus Dauksa’s Postilla (1599), Konstantinas Sirvydas’ Punktai sakymų (1629–1644). The analysis revealed that the focus meaning of the particles net, tiktai and gi was quite well-attested. Gi and tiktai have a widely developed focus meaning, while net has a less developed meaning under consideration. The particle juk is exclusively associated with the discourse function of common ground or uncontroversial information, which is witnessed typologically – in the Circum-Baltic languages. The latter function is fulfilled by the particle gi as well.

Deployable structures are a good solution for emergency buildings, due to their lightness and compact nature which means they can be transported to where they are needed. Nevertheless, the deployable structures studied to date have the drawback of being too deformable, so that larger and therefore heavier sections had to be used. This paper proposes a new type of deployable structure that uses reciprocal linkages which give rise to greater strength and rigidity. The geometrical and mechanical conditions of the linkages are analysed, as several different types which perform better can be designed, and a calculation method is developed to analyse structures of this type. The features and behaviour of a flat mesh with articulated reciprocal linkages are also compared analytically and experimentally. The theoretical calculations and experimental tests make it possible to prove the viability and efficacy of this new structural type. MINECO; BIA2016-79459-R

Resumen La bioprecipitación ocurre cuando los microorganismos presentes en el suelo generan precipitados de carbonato de calcio (CaCO3) bien sea de forma natural o inducida mediante la aplicación de nutrientes específicos. Dichos nutrientes pueden ser de origen químico, pero con la desventaja de ser más costosos, o naturales como la cachaza de caña de azúcar, la cual es considerada un residuo y es generada en Colombia en grandes cantidades a partir de la producción de la panela. En este estudio se determinó la capacidad de bioprecipitación de CaCO3 a partir de bacterias aisladas de un suelo franco-limoso proveniente del municipio de Envigado-Antioquia y con éste se elaboraron Bloques de Tierra Comprimida (BTC) a escala en los que se aplicó un nutriente elaborado a base de cachaza de caña y cal para determinar el mejoramiento en su resistencia a los esfuerzos de compresión. Se evaluaron diferentes concentraciones de cachaza de caña y cal, la incidencia del pH del medio y la capacidad de precipitación de las cepas seleccionadas por separado. Se obtuvo un esfuerzo máximo de 74.6 kPa, lo que representó una mejora en la resistencia a los esfuerzos de compresión del 36.7% respecto al control inicial y de un 16.2 % con relación al control con cal. Los resultados demostraron que la cachaza de azúcar sirve como mecanismo potenciador de la bioprecipitación, mejorando la resistencia a la comprensión de los BTC. Abstract Bioprecipitation takes place when microorganisms present in the soil generate precipitates of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) either naturally or induced by the application of specific nutrients. Nutrients can come from chemical sources, but they have the disadvantage of being more expensive, or from natural sources such as sugarcane cachaza. Cachaza is considered a waste product and is generated in Colombia in large quantities from the production of panela. In this study, the bioprecipitation capacity of CaCO3 was examined from bacteria isolated from silty soil samples recovered from a site in the municipality of Envigado-Antioquia. The soil was mixed at different ratios with nutrients from sugarcane and lime to construct Compressed Earth Blocks (CEB) and to evaluate the increase of compressive strength due to the nutrient. The effects of different concentrations of sugarcane and lime cachaza, the incidence of the medium pH and the precipitation capacity of some selected strains were investigated. A maximum compressive stress of 74.6 kPa was obtained, representing an increase of 36.7% and 16.2% with respect to the control tests (i.e., soil without nutrient) and lime control tests, respectively. The results indicated that the sugar cachaza serves as a bioprecipitation enhancing mechanism, proving to improve the strength of the CEB and making it an economical and environmentally friendly alternative for soil improvement.

Background A challenge to deciphering the effect of structure on function in the wrist involves difficulty in obtaining in-vivo information. To provide a platform to study wrist mechanics using in vivo acquired forces, we developed a model of the midcarpal joint based on computed tomography (CT) scans of normal wrists. Finite element analysis (FEA) can enable application of in vivo collected information to an ex vivo model. Objectives The objectives of this study are to (1) create a three-dimensional model of the midcarpal joint of the wrist based on CT scans and (2) generate separate models for the midcarpal joint based on two distinct wrist types and perform a pilot loading of the model. Methods CT scans from a normal patient database were converted to three-dimensional standard template library (STL) files using OsiriX software. Five type 1 and five type 2 wrists were used for modeling. A simulated load was applied to the carpometacarpal joints in a distal-to-proximal direction, and FEA was used to predict force transfer in the wrist. Results There were 33% type 1 and 67% type 2 wrists. The midcarpal joint dimensional measurements estimated from the model had intermediate agreement between wrist type as measured on CT scan and as predicted by the model: 56% Cohen's kappa (95% confidence interval) = 0.221 (0.05–0.5). Surface stress on the carpometacarpal joints is different in type 1 and type 2 wrists. On loading the neutral wrist, the capitolunate angle was 90 degrees in type 1 wrists and 107 degrees in type 2 wrists (p Conclusions The model predicted differences in movement and force transfer through the midcarpal joint dependent on structural type. This knowledge can improve our understanding of the development of disparate patterns of degeneration in the wrist.

The article furtheres the peculiarities of of appellate – based and anthroponymic urbanonyms creation which firstly nominate a particular city object, reproduce the past and present image of the city and also capture the evolution of urban structures, and finally take up historical, sociocultural, linguistic and ethnic linguistic studies.The development of the urban city space was affected by the cultural spiritual traditions of the capital of Ukraine, its administrative status, size, features of geographical location and landscape. The creation of new urban names used to be influenced and is influenced by its inhabitants as well as by its state policy. Urban names reflect the typological classification of the names of inner-city objects and determine its cultural, historical and estimated-qualifying nomination of Poltava urban space.The most productive ways of creating urban names in Poltava are lexico-semantic with onimization of appelates and transonymisation of onyms, morphological-syntactic (substantiation with simultaneous onomastos ,Lat.). The system of morphological method of creation of urban names is presented in affixed derivation, in rootcombination with suffixation, sporadically in abbreviation.The three main types of urban names are appellate – based ones (48%), anthroponymic notions (41%), and combined ones (11%) are structured in one-component (3 models), two-components (5 models) and multicomponent structures (4 models). 70%, three times as small as the others is a group of two-components – 25%, the smallest group is multi-component one - 5%. One-component domination is caused by easy remembering and reproduction and also by the effect of the law to save speech energy., У статті простежено особливості творення відапелятивних і відантропонімних урбанонімів, які номінують той чи той внутрішньоміський об’єкт, відтворюють минулий і сучасний образ міста; схарактеризовано лексико-семан- тичний, морфолого-синтаксичний (різновид субстантивація), морфологічний способи творення.

Compared with the traditional auto ramp, the auto lift can save 80% of the building area and more than double the car turnover efficiency. Auto lift is referred to as non-commercial auto lift for carrying passenger auto, one of the cargo lifts in the catalogue of special equipment in the GB7024-2008. The auto lift shaft structure should be strong enough to bear not only the load of ordinary lift but also the load produced by loading and unloading of auto. The size and structural type of the car are specially designed to facilitate the access of autos, the selected frame beam system checked, mainly based on whether the bending stress can meet the maximum allowable stress of the selected material; Finally, a three-dimensional model of part of the structure is established and analyzed by finite element method including analysis of the front wheel of auto into the car, analysis of the auto entered into the car, analysis of the car frame compress car buffer, and the stress analysis of main components.

The conversion of propane to olefinic hydrocarbons over a phosphorus-modified zeolite catalyst of the ZSM-5 structural type is investigated. The dependence of the activity and selectivity of the catalytic effect on the concentration and method of introducing phosphorus into the zeolite is established. It is shown that the modification of zeolite with phosphorus results in a significant decrease in the strength and concentration of its acid sites and, as a consequence, in an increase in the activity and selectivity of the catalyst towards olefinic hydrocarbons during the conversion of propane. It is found out that the highest amount of olefinic hydrocarbons is formed during the conversion of propane over a zeolite catalyst containing impregnated phosphorus.

The article attempts to apply a systematic approach to the consideration of types of existing systems to identify the specific evolution of ecosystems at different levels of organization. The conceptual main consideration of the problem of the specifics of the evolution of biotic systems at different levels of organization was the idea of the alternation of the types of their organization, namely, the statistical (C-system) and deterministic (D-system). For evolutionary transformations of C-systems (for example, populations), the influence of altered environmental factors is of primary importance, and for internal systems, for systems (for example, communities). The idea that the D-systems evolve according to the type of nomogenesis, and the C-system – selectogenesis is substantiated. Within the framework of the proposed isolation of different types of systems, the evolution of the biosphere probably proceeds according to the type of evolution of D-systems. Structural elements of the biosphere are diverse biogeocenoses, each of which represents a C-type system formed by the corresponding communities and elements of the environment. Keywords: evolution, levels of organization, ecosystems, biosphere.

In this paper a process is presented for predicting corrosion at ship ageing structural elements by considering inspection results. The degradation process is described by a detailed corrosion model for each plate and stiffener depending on their category. A category is defined by a specific compartment, location and structural type. This basic model can be further refined by means of influencing factors and is individually adjusted using measurements or information from inspection or survey data, if available. Furthermore, the proposed corrosion model does include a probabilistic representation of uncertainty by a Weibull distribution.

Solvate polymorphs of [Dy(acac)3(H2O)2] · Thf, [Ln(acac)3(H2O)2] · H2O · EtOH (Ln = Eu, Dy) and [Dy(acac)3(H2O)2] · 1.5MeOH, which belongs to a new structural type, are isolated as single crystals. The structures of the prepared compounds are determined by X-ray crystallography, and the effect of solvate molecules on their crystal structures is discussed.

espanolLas torres atirantadas son estructuras ampliamente empleadas en el area de las telecomunicaciones para soportar antenas a grandes alturas. Estas estructuras son sensibles a las cargas de viento y presentan un indice de fallo elevado frente al paso de fuertes vientos. En el comportamiento estructural de estas torres intervienen diversos factores como la topologia de los cables (cantidad de cables en la torre, cantidad de cables por anclaje, angulo de los cables con relacion al fuste), la tension de los cables en el momento de actuar la carga de viento y tambien la presencia de sistema reductores de la torsion, llamados antitorsores. En este trabajo se investiga mediante modelos de elementos finitos en SAP2000, el efecto que ejercen la topologia de los cables y la presencia de los sistemas de reduccion de torsion (antitorsores) a diferentes alturas en el comportamiento estructural de un modelo tipico de torre atirantada, teniendo en cuenta las caracteristicas dinamicas de la carga de viento, asi como la no-linealidad geometrica de la estructura. EnglishGuyed towers are structures commonly used in the area of telecommunications for support antennas at high altitudes. The failure rate of this structural type with respect to others of similar complexity is high. Many factors are involved in the structural behaviour under the action of extreme winds. Cable topology (number of cables in the shaft, angle of cables respect to the shaft, number or anchors), tension of cables and torsion reduction systems are very significant in the response of these structures to wind forces. This study aims to investigate the effect of the topology of the cables and the torsion reduction system on the structural behaviour of a typical tower model using the finite element method with the SAP2000 software, taking into account the dynamic characteristics of the wind load and the non-linearity of the structure.

This paper presents the results of a damage survey conducted on a wide stock of churches in Central Italy, hit by the August 24, 2016 Amatrice seismic sequence. In the weeks following the mainshock, the authors performed a damage assessment of 196 churches in the area involved by the seismic event, aiming to identify damage mechanisms and calculate damage index for each structure. Churches have similar characteristics within the analyzed area, with typical architectural elements, homogeneous structural types and similar construction materials. A discussion presents the main evidences observed during the survey and, lastly, empirical fragility functions are derived for this specific structural type.

A cable-stayed bridge is a very competitive structural type owing to its aesthetic shape, structural efficiency, and spanning ability. Pile groups are an often-used foundation type in China...

Results of measurements of independent piezoelectric moduli d 11 and d 14 in Ca3NbGa3Si2O14, La3Ga5.5Ta0.5O14 and La3Ga5SiO14, promising single crystals of the calcium gallogermanate structural type, are presented. The moduli were measured with a triple-axis X-ray diffractometer under an external electric field which causes changes in the interplanar distances due to the reverse piezoelectric effect. The results of the X-ray diffractometry measurements agree fairly well (within less than 10%) with the results obtained by different methods.

Retrogradation is the re-association and recrystallization process of glucan chains in gelatinized starch. The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of amylopectin structure on re-association of glucan chains during retrogradation. Amylopectin retrogradation of 17 starches from four different structural types was examined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Gelatinized starches were stored for 10 days at 4 °C and then scanned from 10–120 °C at 10 °C/min. The structural type of amylopectin influenced the transition temperatures (Tm and Tc), melting temperature range (Tc–To) and enthalpy change of transition (ΔH). Correlation analysis between different chain length categories and the melting parameters of recrystallized amylopectin revealed a strong correlation of the external chain length (ECL) with Tm (r = 0.90, p

A series of physicochemical analysis techniques are employed to study the phase equilibria in the aluminum corner of the Al–Ti–Pt system at subsolidus temperatures and in the alloy crystallization process. It has been established for the first time that a ternary τ1 phase (AuCu3 structural type) forms by peritectic reaction L + + ⇄ τ1 at 1405°C. On the solidus surface in the studied composition range at 1405, 1310, 1275, 1060, 925, 820, and 660°C, there are seven isothermal planes that participate in invariant four-phase equilibria involving the liquid phase, three of them being peritectic and the others transitional.

Tetranuclear bromobismuthate anion [Bi4Br18]6− of a brand-new structural type was found in a complex ((3,5-MePy)C2)3[Bi4Br18] (1) which was obtained by reaction of 1,1′-(ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(3,5-dimethylpyridin-1-ium) dibromide ((3,5-MePy)C2Br2) with solution of Bi2O3 in HBr. Hirshfeld surface analysis was performed for the crystal structure of 1, revealing the nature of interactions in solid state.

New complex oxides Ln1−xSr1+xCux/2Ti1−x/2O4 (where Ln is La, Pr, or Nd) possessing the K2NiF4 type structure were synthesized. Their structure and dielectric properties were characterized. Low values of the dielectric loss tangent in the radio frequency range have been revealed, which correlates with their structural anisotropy and morphology.

The authors analyse the structure and semantics of phraseological units as an integral part of the lexical system of the old dialects of Southern Tyumen Region.The analysis of the material shows that from the point of view of its grammatical structure, regional idioms, as well as nationwide idioms, fall into three structural types, i.e. word forms, phrases, and sentences. A significant portion of all the material studied (over 90 %) is made up by phraseological units that are verbal, substantive, adjectival, and adverbial phrases.The interpretation of the material shows that phraseological units can be divided into several lexico-semantic groups, including people’s physical, verbal, social, and professional activities, their mental and physical condition, behavior, moral qualities, evaluation of actions, various objects surrounding them, their ideas about labour, leisure, time, etc.The fact that such idioms are relatively isolated locally and exist mostly in oral speech affects the semantic content of dialect phraseological units, which represent the most significant components of the linguistic consciousness of the local residents of a certain region, illustrate the values dominating in the regional worldview, and indicate the uniqueness of the reflection of the denotative and connotative content of the concepts., В настоящем исследовании внимание сосредоточено на анализе структуры и семантики фразеологических единиц как составной части лексической системы старожильческих говоров юга Тюменской области.Анализ привлеченного для исследования материала показывает, что по своему грамматическому строю региональные идиомы, как и в случае с общенародными фразеологизмами, распределяются на три структурных типа — словоформы, слово­сочетания, предложения. Значительную часть всех материалов исследования (свыше 90 %) составляют фразеологизмы со структурой вербальных, субстантивных, адъективных и адвербиальных словосочетаний.Интерпретация материала показывает, что фразеологические единицы распределяются по нескольким лексико-семантическим группам, среди которых физическая, речевая, социально-бытовая, профессиональная деятельность человека, его психическое и физическое состояние, поведение, нравственные качества, оценка поступков, разнообразные предметы, окружающие человека, его представления о труде, отдыхе, времени и пр.Относительная локальная замкнутость и бытование преимущественно в устной разговорной речи сказывается на семантическом наполнении диалектных фразеологизмов, которые отражают наиболее значимые компоненты языкового сознания диалектоносителей определенного региона, обнаруживают ценностные доминанты региональной картины мира, указывают на уникальность отражения денотативного и коннотативного содержания понятий.

The synthesis of high silica zeolites in many cases implies the usage of organic structural direction agents (SDA). However, to manifest their functionalities, the SDA occluded inside the channels of the as-synthesized structure should be removed, usually by a high temperature treatment (calcination). In this paper, the positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) was used to monitor the development of accessible spaces, their sizes and distributions in MFI zeolites, ZSM-5 and silicalite-1 in order to give an additional insight in the process of the SDA removal. For that purpose, a conventional PALS setup with 22Na positron source was applied. It was established that there is a pronounced difference between positron annihilation data for these two zeolites of the same structural type. The samples were additionally analysed by X-ray powder diffraction at room temperature with a crystal structure refinement and thermogravimetry.

Currently, the steel–concrete composite structures (SCCSs) have been widely applied as primary load-bearing members owing to their excellent structural behavior. However, due to the comprehensive influence of cyclic loading, periodical temperature, unscientific pouring process and severe corrosive service environment, interfacial imperfections including bond-slip and debonding defects occur, resulting in the deterioration of serviceability and durability. Therefore, it is urgent to develop effective nondestructive testing (NDT) methods for SCCSs to guarantee their mechanical performance and structural safety. In this study, a state-of-the-art review on existing interfacial imperfection detection technologies for SCCSs using NDT techniques is conducted. The typical structural type of SCCSs and characteristics of interfacial imperfections are reviewed first. The basic detection principle and mechanism of direct measuring and empirical methods, smart materials and sensors-based NDT technology, as well as corresponding typical applications, are comparatively discussed in detail. More particularly, the stress wave-based NDT testing is separately discussed, owing to its extensive application in recent years. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages, similarities and differences between various NDT methods are systematically compared and analyzed in depth. The research findings can provide constructive guidance for the scientific optimization of future experimental study and essential guidance to practical NDT testing on SCCSs.

To cope with the problem of global warming and achieve sustainable development of society, controlling carbon emissions becomes more and more important. The completed area of rural houses in China is growing fast, and emitting large greenhouse gases in construction. In this study, the hybrid life cycle assessment (Hybrid-LCA) is used to calculate the embodied carbon emissions (ECE) of straw bale rural houses. The results show that the carbon emissions of building materials accounts for 97% in the materialization stage, while the material transportation and construction stages contribute to only about 3%. The wood-structure and light-steel structure are worth recommend low carbon straw bale rural houses, the net carbon emission can be reduced by 96.75% and 76.92% compared with the reference rural houses. The structural type of the rural houses will influence the carbon emission of the full materialization stage. By replacing high carbon materials with low carbon materials such as straw bale in ordinary rural houses, the ECE of rural houses can be reduced by 39.54%. The findings of this study will shed important light on the low carbon construction of rural houses in the future.

In recent years, cucurbit[n]urils (CB[n] or Q[n]s) have attracted considerable attention on account of their unique structural and host–guest binding properties. In this review, we provide an overview of their self-assembly into polymeric species via Q[n]-mediated tertiary host–guest interactions, and where appropriate, focus on potential applications. The first part of the review describes systems in terms of their structural type from the adoption of tertiary complexes through to microcapsules and vesicles, whilst the second part of the review discusses the systems by way of differing applications. Within each section, systems are arranged in terms of Q[n] size, with n = 5 to 14, and the type of bonding involved, namely the use of either covalent bonding or non-covalent bonding in combination with host–guest interactions.

The paper presents some of the unusual rock formations of Slovakia, which are among the passive morphostructures. Morphostructures are relief features created by the interaction of endogenous and exogenous processes, with the dominant role of tectonic movements. Passive forms of morphostructures are significantly influenced by structural-lithological characteristics of the rocks the structures are formed of. Their current appearance reflects the transformation of geological structures that have lost mobility. Geomorphological characteristics of rocks are important in forming passive morphostructures. Passive morphostructures form a structural type of relief or structural georelief. Structural georelief is characterized by frequent occurrence of many rocks forms of georelief of various shapes, such as nappe wrecks, cliffs, rock walls, rock parade, rock towers, rock needles, quest, dissected supply channels of volcano (necks) lava flows in the inverse position and others. Many of these objects may be suitable not only for the educational process in the school, but especially for experiential learning in nature associated with a variety of outdoor activities.