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To explore mode‐I fracture process of hard brittle rocks, semi‐circular bending (SCB) experiments were performed with the concurrent monitoring of acoustic emission (AE) and digital image correlation (DIC). Experimental results revealed that all specimens exhibited ductile fracture characteristic and the fracture planes deviated from the ligament plane to different degrees due to interference from mineral crystals or pre‐existing weak surfaces within the intergranular boundaries. The whole cracking process can be divided into four stages: Microcrack initiation preparation, microcrack initiation and stable propagation, macrocrack formation and unstable propagation, and macrocrack coalescence. The onset of the microcrack initiation occurred at about pre‐80% load. The fracture process zone (FPZ) maintained a constant length as the crack propagated and the length of the traction free zone (TFZ) increased. The identified crack lengths based on the AE locations and energy statistical analysis consisted well with the crack lengths obtained from the DIC. Highlights: The fracture behaviors were explored by three‐point bending tests on granite specimens.Four crack development stages were recognized by the CTOD and AE parameters.The crack process and fracture characteristics for granite were determined by DIC and AE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Statistical knowledge is required for students in a range of disciplines. However, there are limited educator resources that exist for applying statistics to solve real‐world problems. This investigation provides one approach to teaching statistics using entrepreneurial‐minded learning (as a way to connect real‐world applications and value creation with problem‐solving and curiosity) in the context of solar energy. Both the ready‐to‐use teaching intervention and assessment of student learning details are provided for an undergraduate course on Introductory Statistics. The teaching intervention includes a series of seven lesson plans (and three extension projects) that educators can use in an introductory statistics course. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The power injection method (PIM) is an experimental method used to identify the statistical energy analysis (SEA) parameters (called loss factors -- LFs) of a vibroacoustic system. By definition, LFs are positive real numbers. However, it is not uncommon to obtain negative LFs during experiments, which is considered a measurement error. To date, a recently proposed method, called Monte Carlo filtering (MCF), of correcting negative coupling loss factors (CLFs) has been validated for systems that meet SEA assumptions. In this article, MCF was validated for point connections and in conditions where SEA assumptions are not met (systems with low modal overlap, non-conservative junctions, strong coupling). The effect of removing MCF bias on the results was also examined. During the experiments, it was observed that the bias is inversely proportional to the damping loss factor of the examined subsystems. The obtained results confirm that the PIM, combined with MCF, allows to determine non-negative SEA parameters in all considered cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Statistical Energy Analysis (SEA) is a well-known numerical method for predicting vibroacoustic phenomena in complex systems. The accuracy of SEA models relies on the precise determination of coupling loss factors and damping loss factors. Experimental SEA (E-SEA) methods, such as the Power Injection Method are commonly employed to measure these parameters. However, these techniques may yield negative loss factors, which are considered measurement errors. Monte Carlo Filtering (MCF) is one of the procedures, that allows the correction of negative loss factors, but the quality of the results remains unknown. The knowledge of the loss factors’ quality is directly related to the practical applications of SEA, where good quality of the input model parameters (coupling and damping loss factors) correspond to good quality and precise simulations of complex vibroacoustic systems (like trains, vehicle, airplanes, buildings) responses. In a previous study, a total loss factor (TLF) criterion was proposed as a quality indicator for the corrected loss factors. The current paper validates the TLF criterion through a comprehensive analysis of various numerical examples. By expanding the Monte Carlo sample’s value range (search area) and using different probability density functions, we intentionally introduced errors in the loss factors. The TLF criterion demonstrated resilience to increasing errors in certain scenarios, raising concerns about its sensitivity. Nevertheless, it seems, that the TLF criterion remains a good indicator of population stability and large error occurrence.

In automotive development, it is important to balance various phenomena with a simplified vehicle body model in the initial design phase. Additionally, idling vibration, engine shake, and road noise are phenomena that affect vehicle ride comfort. Since they have different exciting components and target frequencies, each simplified vehicle model examined in the past report is different. Therefore, it is necessary to represent of each phenomenon in a single vehicle model. Therefore, in recent years, much research has been done in initial design techniques called Model Based Development (MBD) and 1D CAE. We have studied using the Statistical Energy Analysis (SEA) for the initial design. Especially an energy transmissibility parameter of SEA which is called by coupling loss factor (CLF) is focused on describing the phenomenon for various kinds of vibration and noise problem. In this paper, a fundamental study is conducted to examine the balance of multiple phenomena in the initial design phase by the energy transmissibility. At first, a simplified vehicle model that represents each phenomenon is constructed. Next, the energy transmissibility is used to represent each phenomenon, and vibration reduction guidelines are obtained and verified through balance design. The obtained guidelines are then applied numerically to the actual vehicle to confirm vibration reduction.

There are several ways to obtain the matrix of damping loss factors and coupling loss factors for Statistical Energy Analysis. The most recent approach is Virtual SEA, where the Power Injection Method is performed virtually on a finite element model. In order to validate this approach, the most common connection types are investigated in this paper through an L-junction of two coupled steel plates. Virtual SEA and experimental Power Injection Method results are compared in a bent, line welded, superglued and spotwelded variants. The respective finite element connection representation is also validated during the comparison. It was found that with the correct simulation setup, Virtual SEA provides good agreement with the experimental results. In case of the spotwelded variants, further investigations were necessary regarding the parameters of the connection. The influence of these parameters was evaluated and the greatest source of deviations in the results is found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inactive conformations of protein kinase catalytic domains where the DFG motif has a "DFG-out" orientation and the activation loop is folded present a druggable binding pocket that is targeted by FDA-approved 'type-II inhibitors' in the treatment of cancers. Tyrosine kinases (TKs) typically show strong binding affinity with a wide spectrum of type-II inhibitors while serine/threonine kinases (STKs) usually bind more weakly which we suggest here is due to differences in the folded to extended conformational equilibrium of the activation loop between TKs vs. STKs. To investigate this, we use sequence covariation analysis with a Potts Hamiltonian statistical energy model to guide absolute binding free-energy molecular dynamics simulations of 74 protein-ligand complexes. Using the calculated binding free energies together with experimental values, we estimated free-energy costs for the large-scale (~17-20 Å) conformational change of the activation loop by an indirect approach, circumventing the very challenging problem of simulating the conformational change directly. We also used the Potts statistical potential to thread large sequence ensembles over active and inactive kinase states. The structure-based and sequence-based analyses are consistent; together they suggest TKs evolved to have free-energy penalties for the classical 'folded activation loop' DFG-out conformation relative to the active conformation, that is, on average, 4-6 kcal/mol smaller than the corresponding values for STKs. Potts statistical energy analysis suggests a molecular basis for this observation, wherein the activation loops of TKs are more weakly 'anchored' against the catalytic loop motif in the active conformation and form more stable substrate-mimicking interactions in the inactive conformation. These results provide insights into the molecular basis for the divergent functional properties of TKs and STKs, and have pharmacological implications for the target selectivity of type-II inhibitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A comprehensive statistical analysis of energy poverty indicators is undertaken in the present paper, in an attempt to further understand the roots and results of the problem in Greece. Specifically, time-series data sets were analysed using various objective indicators, i.e. 10%, 2M, 2M EXP, M/2, M/2 EXP, as well as subjective indicators. Chi-square tests of Independence were performed and binary logistic regression models were developed to predict energy poverty (indicators of 10%, 2M and M/2), based on critical socio-economic factors. The logit model based on the 10% indicator presented the highest performance, reaching 32%. According to this model, the types of households mostly exposed to energy poverty were single families with dependent children and households located in Macedonia, increasing the relative probability of energy poverty by 7.0 and 6.5 times per unit, respectively. The outcomes derived can help policy-makers towards designing more targeted policies for tackling energy poverty in Greece. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monte Carlo Filtering (MCF) is one of the methods of Experimental Statistical Energy Analysis (E-SEA), which allows the correction of negative LFs (Loss Factors). In this article, a modification of the MCF method, called DESA (Diagonal Expansion of the Search Area), is proposed. The technique applies a non-uniform extension of the search area when generating a population of normalized energy matrices. The degree of expansion of the search area is controlled by the Diagonal Penalty Factor (DPF). The authors demonstrated the method's effectiveness on a system that could not be identified in several frequency bands by the classical MCF method. After applying DESA, it was possible to fill in the problematic bands that were missing CLF (coupling loss factor) and DLF (damping loss factor) values. The paper also proposes a way to minimize the errors introduced by using overly high DPF values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract This paper proposes a fast way to create a base Statistical Energy Analysis (SEA) model for periodic box-like structures, for which further refining and modification can be conducted with simplicity. A novel numbering system is introduced which enables the model builder to build, locate and change the property of each subsystem as well as to specify the connections between different subsystems in a 3D coordinate system. Two numerical SEA models are studied with the aid of the new method. It greatly decreases the time in model building and increases the simplicity of studying the acoustic attenuation by changing the properties of different subsystems. The results show that when increasing the internal loss factors (ILF) of all structural elements from 0.015 to 0.12, a 13.5 dB sound insulation improvement can be observed for the 2-room system at 1000 Hz and that for the 24-room system is 10.9 dB. This method serves as a promising way to investigate the acoustic transmission in heavily damped periodic box-like structures. Article Highlights A fast SEA model building method is proposed. A 3D coordinate based numbering system is developed for subsystem location and identification. Application of damping on structural elements results in better sound insulation.

This study aims to determine the optimal pressure for the accumulator tank in a wave energy converter (WEC) with hydraulic power take-off (PTO) to maximize energy generation. A simulation-based approach was employed to analyze the buoy's performance with wave data generated from the Wafo toolbox using the generalized Pierson–Moskowitz (GPM) spectrum. These data were then fed into a Simulink model of the WEC system. Using output from the Simulink model, concave regression was applied to model the relationship between tank pressure and power output. Subsequently, a regression analysis was performed to model the optimal pressure as a function of wave steepness. The findings indicate a strong dependency of optimal pressure on wave steepness, suggesting that adjusting the accumulator tank pressure according to wave conditions can significantly enhance the WEC's energy output. This research contributes to the ongoing efforts to improve the efficiency of WECs and provides valuable insights for developing adaptive control strategies in WEC systems. • Simulation based statistical analysis of a wave energy converter with uncertainties. • An optimization strategy to determine the best pressure in a hydraulic PTO. • Finds an empirical relationship between optimal pressure and wave steepness. • Wave steepness is highly influential on both optimal pressure and output energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dynamical Energy Analysis was introduced in 2009 as a novel method for predicting high-frequency acoustic and vibrational energy distributions in complex engineering structures. In this paper we introduce the first time-dependent Dynamical Energy Analysis method. Time-domain models are important in numerous applications including sound simulation in room acoustics, predicting shock-responses in structural mechanics and modelling electromagnetic scattering from conductors. The first step is to reformulate Dynamical Energy Analysis in the time-domain by means of a convolution integral operator. We are then able to employ the Convolution Quadrature method to provide a link between the previous frequency-domain implementations of Dynamical Energy Analysis and fully time-dependent solutions by means of the Z -transform. By combining a modified multistep Convolution Quadrature approach for the time discretisation, together with Galerkin and Petrov-Galerkin methods for the space and momentum discretisations, respectively, we are able to accurately track the propagation of high-frequency transient signals through phase-space. The implementation here is detailed for finite two-dimensional spatial domains and we demonstrate the versatility of our approach by performing a range of numerical experiments for regular, non-convex and irregular geometries as well as different types of wave source. • A new method to track the propagation of transient high-frequency wave energy. • The method can handle a wide range of geometries, including multi-domain problems. • A modified convolution quadrature approach achieves superconvergence. • The method shows potential for extension to vectorial wave problems and from 2D to 3D. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the gradual opening of the Arctic channel, the underwater radiated noise induced by the ship-ice collision cannot be ignored. However, the underwater radiated noise induced by ship-ice collision is significantly different from that of ships navigating in open water. To explore the response rule of transient underwater radiation noise induced by ship-ice collision, this paper proposes a simplified numerical analysis method of ship-ice collision-induced transient underwater radiated noise in the full frequency band by combining the explicit dynamic method and acoustic analysis method. The ship-ice-water-air coupled collision analysis method based on the S-ALE algorithm is used to simulate and verify the ice load in the process of ship-ice continuous collision at different speeds. Then, the frequency-domain acoustic analysis method is used to predict the transient underwater radiated noise response in the full frequency band under icebreaking excitation and evaluate it by referring to the steady-state underwater radiated noise standard. The results show that the simplified analysis method can effectively predict the transient underwater radiation noise under icebreaking excitation. Under the icebreaking excitation, the radiation shape is irregularly scattered and the radiation direction is concentrated towards the bottom and bow of the ship with the frequency increase. The influence range of transient underwater radiated noise is mainly within 1000 Hz at different speeds, and the variation in the ship's speed affects the amplitude of the sound power level and the smoothness of the periodic response. The synthesized total sound power levels are 172.56 dB (V = 2.0kn), 174.15 dB (V = 2.5kn), 175.70 dB (V = 3.0kn), and 182.49 dB (V = 4.0kn), respectively. According to the comparison with the evaluation standard, it is found that the transient underwater radiation noise induced by ship icebreaking has a greater impact on marine organisms. It should give more detailed requirements within 10–1000 Hz when using relevant standards to evaluate underwater radiated noise induced by polar icebreaking. This paper can provide a reference for the research of underwater radiated noise induced by ship-ice collision and the formulation of relevant standards. • A process of the numerical calculation method for ship-ice collision-induced transient underwater radiated noise in the full frequency band is given based on IBEM and SEA methods. The process can be realized to forecast the transient underwater radiated noise of large-scale structures under icebreaking excitation. • To consider the influence of fluid and gravity on the ship-ice collision, the ship-ice-water-air four-phase coupling is realized using the S-ALE algorithm. Based on the numerical results, the model experiment, and the empirical formula (Lindqvist, Riska, Jeong), the longitudinal ice resistance values are compared and verified under different speeds. It is found that the numerical results are reliable as the sound source of ice-induced underwater radiation noise. • The transient underwater radiated noise of a polar transport vessel in the full frequency band was calculated for icebreaking excitation (force source). The frequency influence range of underwater radiated noise induced by icebreaking, the varying trends of radiated sound pressure, shape, and direction, and the influence of the ship's speed on radiated sound pressure, frequency influence range, and periodic response are analyzed. • Based on DNV and CCS standards, the ice-induced underwater radiated noise levels at different speeds are evaluated. It is concluded that the ship-ice collision will affect the survival of marine life to varying degrees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Enhancing Cetacean Habitat and Observation (ECHO) source-level model was statistically derived using nearly 10,000 vessel transits along Canada's western coast. Before using this model in other areas, it is important to examine its efficiency in new environments and on other fleets. In this work, hydrophone-based acoustic recordings collected between August 3rd and September 16th of 2022 within the Saguenay-St. Lawrence Marine Park were used to investigate the applicability of the ECHO source-level model to Canada's eastern fleet. Opportunistic transits of 71 merchant ships near (i.e., ≲ 3 km) the hydrophone were obtained. As an attempt to reduce computing times in the context of agent-based modeling, the reliability of the proposed analytic seabed critical angle (SCA) method for propagation losses calculations was examined and compared to robust, although time-consuming, numerical methods. Results generally show that the combination of the ECHO source-level model and our best estimates for propagation losses calculations does allow to reliably predict the acoustic footprint of the radiated noise levels by merchant ships in the acoustic module of the Marine Mammal and Maritime Traffic Simulator (3MTSim). However, computational gains could be marginal at best due to the analytic SCA method quickly becoming inconsistent with the numerical approach in range-dependent scenarios that often translate into long-range encounters. • Performances of a Salish Sea's source-level model on an eastern coast's fleet. • Seabed critical angle agrees with numerical models on ranges less than 2-3 km. • Above 5 km, seabed critical angle becomes unreliable due to range-dependent effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Input and coupling power in/between subsystems determined. • Time-averaged kinetic and potential energy in subsystems obtained. • Quantify energy contributions in vibration transmission from various wave modes. • Identify principal wave modes for energy exchange between subsystems. • Demonstrate application to coupled CLT panels with complicated construction The forced response of finite, thin rectangular plates coupled by a line joint can be predicted using well-established analytical methods. However, such methods become difficult to implement for thick panels coupled by complex joints. In these cases, the finite element (FE) method and conventional statistical energy analysis (SEA) are viable alternatives. However, the FE method can be time-consuming at mid/high frequencies while SEA involves various approximations and assumptions. This paper develops a deterministic energy method for predicting the forced response of coupled complex panels based on a hybrid finite element/wave finite element (WFE) method, modelling the panels as coupled wave-bearing subsystems. The method involves meshing only a small segment of the panel and the joint using finite elements, and is able to model complex structures such as laminated panels and joints with low computational cost. Excitations of the structure by a time-harmonic point force and the rain-on-the-roof excitations are both considered. The wave subsystem energy and power flow formulations corresponding to these excitations are derived to be the sum of wave components. The energy/power formulations are then used for establishing an SEA-like model for predicting the coupling data between the subsystems. Numerical examples of two thin, rectangular plates coupled by an "L" shaped joint and coupled practical cross-laminated-timber (CLT) panels connected by L-shaped joints with/without an elastic layer are presented to illustrate this method. Wave subsystem energy and power transmission between subsystems are calculated for the coupled structures. The normalised energy responses of the coupled CLT panels are also calculated and compared with measurements. Good agreement between the predictions and the measurements is achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The excessive noise present within an aircraft cabin during flight operations constitutes a notable origin of fatigue, stress, and communication impediments for both pilots and passengers. Ensuring the comfort, well-being, and safety of passengers and crew members necessitates the accurate anticipation of noise levels. This study concerns the computation of structure-borne noise levels within the cabin of a tiltrotor aircraft. This investigation employed two distinct methodologies: advanced transfer path analysis (ATPA) and statistical energy analysis (SEA). To assess the results obtained with the ATPA approach, the acquired outcomes were compared with empirically measured sound pressure levels during airplane mode operations. The contributions of air-borne and structure-borne noises were calculated with the ATPA methodology. On the other hand, the structure-borne noise was calculated with a hybrid experimental–SEA model with ACTRAN software, and its results were compared with those of the ATPA method. The results show a good agreement between these methods at high frequencies, while at low frequencies, certain adjustments or modifications to the SEA model are necessary to predict the noise levels.

This study focuses on the energy transmissibility, which is called coupling loss factor (CLF) in Statistical Energy Analysis (SEA) framework, for two degree of freedom vibration system. The aim of this study is to obtain a new interpretation of the energy transfer viewpoint of the phenomena represented by the two-degree-of-freedom vibration system and to utilize it for vibration control and structural design. In this paper, the energy transfer characteristics of one-degree-of-freedom and two-degree-of-freedom vibration systems are explicitly derived from the equations of motion under broadband excitation through the energy (power) equilibrium and the frequency average concept. And then it is shown that the derived energy transmissibility can be described by a mathematical equation and is a single value. The transmissibility is determined by three parameters, which are the properties concerning each two uncoupled one degree of freedom vibration system, the uncoupled natural angular frequencies, the damping and the coupling properties. Then the energy transmissibility can be easily used for understanding phenomena described by the two degree of freedom systems and for control and design them. Furthermore, as an example of vibration control based on the energy transmissibility, the reduction of engine shake in automobiles is presented, and its effectiveness is compared and discussed with the results in the reference.

As the next-generation high-speed transportation system, the low vacuum tube high-speed maglev system combines the tube with a certain degree of vacuum with the high-speed maglev train, which can realize high-speed operation under low aerodynamic resistance and noise mode. In order to study the interior aerodynamic noise characteristics of the high-speed maglev train in the low vacuum tube, a computational model of the external flow field of the high-speed maglev train in a low vacuum tube was established, and the computational model of the interior aerodynamic noise of the high-speed maglev train was established using the statistical energy analysis method; then the interior aerodynamic noise characteristics of the high-speed maglev train in the low vacuum tube were studied. The research results show that in the low vacuum tube, the distribution of the interior aerodynamic noise of the high-speed maglev train shows the characteristics of large head car and tail car and small middle car, and the aerodynamic noise on the top of the car is smaller than that on the floor. With the increase in frequency, the sound pressure level of the interior aerodynamic noise of the high-speed maglev train has the tendency of increasing first and then decreasing, and the main energy of the interior aerodynamic noise is distributed in the range of 200–1000 Hz. From the perspective of the total sound pressure level of the interior aerodynamic noise, the interior aerodynamic noise of the tail car is the greatest, followed by the head car, and the interior aerodynamic noise of the middle car is the smallest. As the direction of the travel of the maglev train will change, the optimization design of the interior aerodynamic noise of the head and tail cars should be emphasized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper aims to fast predict vibration responses of specific locations in the satellite subject to acoustic environment. It proposes a set of vibro-acoustic simulation methods of satellite components to represent their conditions in the whole satellite during the ground tests or launching. This study aims to use vibro-acoustic models of satellite components to replace that of hard modeling and time-consuming whole satellite when only local responses are concerned. Design/methodology/approach: This paper adopted experimental and numerical studies, with the latter based on the finite element (FE), statistical energy analysis (SEA) and FE-SEA hybrid theories. The vibro-acoustic model of the whole satellite was built and verified by experimental data. Based on the whole satellite model and experimental results, the fast vibro-acoustic simulation methods of all kinds of typical satellite components were discussed. Findings: This paper shows that the models about satellite components not only show high consistency but also reduce 61.6% to 99.8% times compared with the whole satellite model. The recommended fast simulation methods for all kinds of typical satellite components were given in comprehensive consideration of the model accuracy, time required and response accessibility. Originality/value: This paper fulfils an identified need to perform fast vibro-acoustic prediction of the local positions in satellites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a noise test on the viaduct of a city in China was conducted to analyze the effect of trapezoidal sleepers, sound barriers, and the combination of trapezoidal sleepers and sound barriers on the spatial distribution characteristics of overall noise. A statistical energy analysis model was established to analyze the influence of these sound barrier configurations. The results show that at the speed of 60 km/h, the trapezoidal sleeper track can reduce the overall noise by 2.0 dB to 6.0 dB. The upright-type sound barrier can reduce the overall noise by 10.3 dB to 13.2 dB, with the most significant frequency band of noise reduction above 800 Hz; the combination of the trapezoidal sleeper and sound barrier has a significant noise reduction effect above 31.5 Hz, and the overall noise reduction can reach 13.8 dB to 23.1 dB. The high-frequency wheel-rail noise decays faster with distance, while the low-frequency bridge structure noise decays slowly with distance. When sound barriers are set up on both sides of the viaduct, the sound pres- sure level at the near field point is further reduced by 3.3 dB to 5.2 dB compared with sound barriers on only one side. Compared with a section with no sound barriers, the noise inside the sound barriers is about 1.2 dB higher than when the sound barriers are set on one side or both sides of the viaduct. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study examined reduction of moisture from agricultural energy and food crops in a conventional oven to a solar dryer at various treatment periods at temperature between 40 ± 10 °C. Sugarcane bagasse and Phragmites Australis had initial moisture of 50.8 % and 6.07 % by dry weight, respectively, with higher heating values (HHV) 6548.5 kJ/kg and 17653.02 kJ/kg respectively. The moisture content of bagasse and phragmites were decreased by 51.31% and 68.69% respectively using oven drying, while the moisture content of bagasse and phragmites was reduced by 48.01% and 66.22% respectively, using solar drying with 5 hrs treatment time. Corresponding increase in HHV's observed in bagasse to 11195.6 KJ/kg (oven drying) and 10998.1 KJ/kg (solar drying), while HHV of phragmites increased to 18706.79KJ/kg (oven drying) and 18685.36KJ/kg (solar drying). Green chillies had a moisture content reduction by 33.69 % (oven) and 8.28 % (solar), whereas grapes had a reduction by 31.20 % (oven) and 7.88 % (solar) with 5 hrs treatment time. The oven drying approach revealed higher carbohydrate content in food crops when compared to solar drying, while both treatments showed a similar drop in protein, fat, and vitamin C contents. Statistical and energy analysis observed that comparing solar drying; the oven drying eliminates slightly higher moisture content and have less drying energy requirements. The amount of heat energy required for drying unit mass of bagasse was 0.476 kJ/kg (oven) and 0.556 kJ/kg (solar), for phragmites it was 0.074 kJ/kg (oven) and 0.092 kJ/kg (solar), for chilles 0.524 kJ/kg (oven) and 0.576 kJ/kg (solar) and for grapes 0.123 kJ/kg (oven) and 0.157 MJ/kg (solar). According to the results solar drying required greater quantity of heat energy than oven drying. Mass transfer analysis showed drying constant of bagasse and phragmites were higher initially, then showed reducing trend with respect time. Furthermore, it was observed that the effective diffusivity and mass transfer coefficient were found reducing with respect to increasing drying treatment time. The research findings of renewable solar drying, on the other hand, are comparable to those of oven drying, demonstrating that there is still enough untapped heat energy available for its utilization in biomass thermo-chemical conversion methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present work, vibroacoustic (VA) characteristics, namely sound transmission loss (STL), overall sound pressure levels (OASPLs) of aircraft panels made up of aluminum, composites and fiber metal laminates (FML) are studied. The investigation involves modeling of aircraft panels using finite element method (FEM) for low frequency, Boundary Element Method (BEM) for mid-frequency and statistical energy analysis (SEA) in high-frequency bands. To obtain the VA characteristics of the panels, twin chambers, namely source and receiver are numerically modeled, and the panels are placed in between them. The VA performances of the considered panels under low, mid and high-frequency sound environments are numerically simulated using an infinite duct model. The sound source in low, mid and high frequency is modeled in the source chamber as sound pressure, plane wave and diffusive acoustic field, respectively and the receiver chamber is idealized as an anechoic chamber at the ends. This numerical study helps in understanding the VA behavior of aircraft materials and also minimizes the cost and time involved in conducting experiments. The results are presented in the form of STL and OASPL. From this study, it was found that the aluminum and fiber metal laminates have good VA characteristics when compared to composites in all the three frequency regimes and composite panels behaving better in the mid-frequency region of 200 Hz to 300 Hz than aluminum and fiber metal laminates. An optimization approach for aircraft panels is also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This paper presents an in-depth study and analysis of the reliability of indicators for the evaluation of sports training using the algorithm of random matrices. Random matrix theory is used to obtain the degree of randomness of the data and the overall correlation characteristics of the data through statistical analysis of the energy spectrum and eigenstates of complex systems. Using the results of random matrix theory on the eigenvalues of the sample covariance matrix, the energy of each subspace is estimated, and the estimated energy is then used to construct the subspace weighting matrix. The problem of reliable finite-time stability of the model under several types of uncertain time-lagged bounded transfer probability Markov jump parameter compatibility indicators is also explored. The four basic theoretical issues, namely, value orientation, construction basis, construction principles, and conceptual model of the sports training work evaluation index system, are studied. This paper takes the construction of a sports training evaluation index system as the research object and uses the literature method, expert interview method, questionnaire survey method, data analysis method, Delphi method, and hierarchical analysis method as the main research methods to construct a set of sports training evaluation index system as the research task, to enrich the idea of sports training evaluation work, and to provide a reference for the future government to be able to develop a sports training evaluation index system that is in line with the development of the times. The research method was used to collect the opinions of experts. The subjective opinions given by experts were collected using the assignment method, and the weight coefficients of each index were calculated using the AHP hierarchical analysis method. The result is that the index of basic conditions (0.3591) has the largest weight in the whole system. After that, organization and management (0.1911), work effectiveness (0.1376), staffing (0.103), activity development (0.0828), financial and fund management (0.0562), publicity and reporting (0.0382), and material provision (0.032) are in order. The evaluation results of the index system are consistent with the current actual situation of specialization teaching, indicating that the index system for evaluating the effectiveness of high school sports training has good validity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the building design phase, a lot of attention is paid to the thermal properties of the external envelopes. New regulations are introduced to improve energy efficiency of a building and impose a reduction of the overall heat transfer coefficient; meanwhile, this efficiency is more influenced by the efficiency of the heating system and the type of fuels used. This article presents a complex analysis including the impact of: heat transfer coefficient of the envelope, efficiency of building service systems, the type of energy source, and the fuel. The analysis was based on the results of simulation tests obtained for an exemplary multi-family residential building located in Poland that is not equipped with a cooling system. The conducted calculations gave quantitative evaluation of the influence of particular parameters on building energy performance and showed that the decrease of heat transfer coefficient of building boundaries, in accordance to the Polish regulation for 2017 and 2021, gave only 11% of reduction on usable energy demand index. On the other hand, it was found that modification of the heating system and heat source can significantly influence the values of the final and primary energy consumption at the level of 70%. The application of heat pumps has a greater influence on the final and primary energy consumption for heating indices than other parameters, such as the building's envelopes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A pleasant and quiet cabin in driving a car is one of the most critical factors affecting a customer's choice in a market. As the traditional noise sources such as power trains become less, the relative contribution of aerodynamic noise to the interior noise of a road vehicle becomes even more critical. In this study, a high-fidelity numerical methodology is developed for the reliable prediction and analysis of the interior transmitted noise due to external flow disturbance. The developed numerical methodology is based on the sequential application of the high-resolution LES technique, wavenumber–frequency transform, and vibroacoustic model. First, the compressible LES techniques with high-resolution grids are employed to accurately predict the external turbulent flow and aeroacoustic fields due to the turbulent flow, at the same time, of a vehicle running at a speed of 110 km/h. Second, surface pressure fluctuations on the front windshield and side windows, obtained from the LES simulation, are decomposed into incompressible and compressible ones using the wavenumber–frequency transform. Lastly, the interior sound pressure levels are predicted using the vibroacoustic model, which consists of the finite element (FE) and statistical energy analysis (SEA) methods. For the efficient computation of the vibroacoustic interaction between the vibration of the vehicle windows and the acoustic field inside the cabin room, the FE and SEA methods are applied in low- and high-frequency ranges, respectively. The predicted interior sound pressure spectral levels agree well with the measured ones. In addition, although the magnitudes of the compressible pressure components are generally lower than those of the incompressible ones, the compressible field is found to contribute more to the interior noise in high-frequency bands. The physical mechanism of the higher transmission is shown to be related to the coincident effect between the compressible pressure field and the structural vibration of the vehicle window. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The data obtained from the experimental data measured in Fujian Province, China, were used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, showing that the detection accuracy of the proposed method was 11.7% higher than that of the traditional method. Three different comparison criteria were introduced for comparison purposes, showing that the adopted method allowed visualizing the acoustic field around reference geometry and determining the frequency range for which the A-weighted sound pressure level was the highest. In particular, two PNC improvements of headrests were designed to reduce the sound pressure level (SPL) at the passengers' ears in an aircraft cabin during flight; the first was based on the optimization of the headrest shape, whereas the second consisted of partially or fully covering the headrest surface with a new highly sound-absorbing nanofibrous textile. The purpose of this Special Issue was to highlight the latest enhancements in vibroacoustics and aeroacustics of marine, aerospace, and automotive systems. [Extracted from the article]

Thin-film-based image sensors feature a thin-film photodiode (PD) monolithically integrated on CMOS readout circuitry. They are getting significant attention as an imaging platform for wavelengths beyond the reach of Si PDs, i.e., for photon energies lower than 1.12 eV. Among the promising candidates for converting low-energy photons to electric charge carriers, lead sulfide (PbS) colloidal quantum dot (CQD) photodetectors are particularly well suited. However, despite the dynamic research activities in the development of these thin-film-based image sensors, no in-depth study has been published on their imaging characteristics. In this work, we present an elaborate analysis of the performance of our short-wave infrared (SWIR) sensitive PbS CQD imagers, which achieve external quantum efficiency (EQE) up to 40% at the wavelength of 1450 nm. Image lag is characterized and compared with the temporal photoresponsivity of the PD. We show that blooming is suppressed because of the restricted pixel-to-pixel movement of the photo-generated charge carriers within the bottom transport layer (BTL) of the PD stack. Finally, we perform statistical analysis of the activation energy for CQD by dark current spectroscopy (DCS), which is an implementation of a well-known methodology in Si-based imagers for defect engineering to a new class of imagers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Whilst most predictions in building acoustics and design invariably use published and readily available models, some attempt to quantify confidence limits that cover most cases would be invaluable. For instance, the parameters (e.g. room dimensions, panel position, room absorption, etc.) are shown to have a substantial effect on Noise Reduction (NR) and Coupling Loss Factor (CLF), the latter being a very important factor for predicting sound transmission using Statistical Energy Analysis (SEA). A Statistical Energy Analysis (SEA) model was implemented and used herein for the prediction of CLFs between two rooms. Thus, the main goal this research is to make an initial parametric investigation for the Coupling Loss Factors (CLFs) and then compare their variability with theoretical upper and lower bound curves previously presented in the literature for structure coupling. The usefulness of SEA as a framework of analysis can be assessed by the estimation of variance and confidence intervals. In addition, the spatial-average mean square sound pressure for each SEA subsystem was estimated via a Component Mode Synthesis (CMS) model developed in a previous paper. In summary, the room acoustic pressures were obtained via a CMS procedure and subsequently used in a SEA model where the equivalent CLFs were evaluated on basis of SEA assumptions. The influence of other SEA parameters, such as modal density and modal overlap was also considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy requirement forecast is necessary for arriving at suitable policies for energy management, which is a recognized concern all over the world. This work proposes to examine the energy data from a statistical perspective before going for detailed analysis such as long term forecasting. The realities of energy requirements in the western part of India is considered as a case study taking into account the recorded data of the energy requirements of five States for a period of 12 years (2008–2019). We have considered various probability distributions for fitting the energy requirement data. For fitting the distributions, we have used three different statistical tests namely, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov measure, the Anderson-Darling measure, and the Chi-squared goodness of fit measure, using appropriate statistical software. Based on these tests, we could find the appropriate probability distribution of the energy requirements of each of the States for planning future renewable energy focus points. This research is expected to help engineers model energy demand using renewable energy sources such as water resources, wind, and solar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Statistical Energy Analysis (SEA) has been used to compute velocity responses and Coupling Loss Factors (CLF) for two composite laminates joined in a 'L' junction configuration. Two case studies were carried on SEA. The effect of fibre orientation on SEA parameters was studied. The effects of internal damping were also determined. The computation of SEA parameters has been done using classical wave approach and Finite Element Method using Nastran/Patran. CLF determined using classical wave approach is independent of fibre orientation and internal damping factor. This study using FEM reveals that the SEA parameters vary in comparison with classical wave approach as fibre orientation and internal damping are also considered in the analysis. Also, by classical wave approach, the CLF varied linearly with the increase in frequency while there was some scatter in CLF determined by finite element method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Featured Application: Simulation of in-flight vibrations of aeronautical structures. During ballistic flight, a re-entry vehicle is subjected to high-level structural vibrations due to pressure fluctuations on its bounding surface. The aim of this work is to simulate this structural vibration response. The first step, which is not covered in this study, is the modeling of pressure fluctuations using aerodynamic simulation results. The second step is the simulation of the vibroacoustic response. In this study, the full-frequency vibroacoustic modeling of a metal shell representing a re-entry vehicle aeroshell is developed. The low-frequency response is computed using a FEM–BEM model while Statistical Energy Analysis is used for high-frequency behavior. The validation of these models is based on a ground experiment with controlled diffuse-field acoustic loading. A dedicated reverberation chamber was developed with loudspeaker excitation. The simulation results are compared with the experimental results. In the low-frequency range, simulation helps to understand the measured response spectra by highlighting the acoustic resonances and scattering phenomena. In the high-frequency range, an experimental identification of the damping loss factors and SEA modeling of each subsystem using an FE–SEA approach provides a predictive simulation of the vibration-response spectrum. In this application, FEM–BEM and SEA models are complementary in simulating full-frequency vibroacoustic responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While the low weight and high bending stiffness of cross-laminated timber (CLT) are key to its popularity, these properties also contribute to poor acoustic performance. Notably flanking sound transmission is a critical factor, driving the need for vibration reduction solutions such as resilient interlayers in the junction design. However, due to the complex material behavior of CLT and resilient interlayers, the improvement related to these solutions is difficult to predict. In this research, an analytical model with low computational cost is developed to evaluate the vibration reduction index K i j for CLT junctions with resilient interlayers. The CLT panels are considered as thin orthotropic plates with homogenized material properties. Three potential material models are proposed for the interlayer: it is considered as a thin plate, a thick flexible layer with out-of-plane motion governed by shear or distributed springs. The prediction model is experimentally validated for junctions consisting of CLT panels, with and without resilient interlayers. For junctions without interlayers, the predicted and experimentally determined vibration reduction index K i j correspond most closely when the junction is realized with stiff connectors. In this case, the predictions are moderately accurate with deviations below 5 dB in 1/3 octave bands up to approximately 2000 Hz for both corner and coplanar transmission paths. For junctions with resilient interlayers, the shear interlayer model exhibits the best performance with deviations of less than 5 dB in most 1/3 octave bands. For frequencies below 1000 Hz, the accuracy of the simplified spring model is comparable to that of the thick layer model. Simulations with equivalent isotropic material parameters yield slightly inferior predictions than for orthotropic parameters if the degree of orthotropy of the panels is high. • A method for predicting vibration transmission across plate junctions is presented. • The plates are orthotropic and carry a diffuse field. • The junction can be rigid or equipped with resilient strips. • Equivalent material properties for cross-laminated timber panels are deduced. • The accuracy of the predictions is confirmed in an experimental validation study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research explores the intricate dynamics of decision-making in the context of urban energy transition, focusing on the interplay between policy frameworks, stakeholder collaboration, and technological innovations. The study makes three key contributions to the field. Firstly, it proposes an innovative approach to enhance market price prediction accuracy by integrating a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) model. Leveraging the Adaptive Bat Algorithm (ABA) for GAN parameter optimization, the model exhibits improved precision in forecasting electricity prices, thereby providing stakeholders with more reliable insights. Secondly, the research introduces optimized model parameters for efficient energy decision-making, employing the ABA to dynamically adapt GAN parameters. This adaptive process enhances the overall performance of the model, facilitating better-informed decisions for stakeholders in the energy sector. Lastly, the integration of the ABA for GAN parameter optimization contributes to informed decision-making by generating more accurate market price values. This precision empowers policymakers, utilities, and investors with reliable insights, facilitating the development and implementation of strategies aligned with the goals of sustainable and efficient urban energy transition. The research underscores the significance of accurate market price predictions in shaping a resilient and sustainable energy landscape. • GAN technique to enhances electricity price forecast accuracy. • ABA optimizes GAN parameters for efficient decisions. • ABA technique to improve accuracy of market price predictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a case study for measuring and simulating the vibration and radiated sound for a large complex industrial chiller. We describe a simulation framework based on statistical energy analysis (SEA), which is populated using a hybrid mix of analytic, numerical, and measurement techniques. This hybrid approach was motivated by preliminary measurements of vibration and sound from the operating chiller, as well as a series of vibroacoustic transfer functions measured during quiescent non-operating conditions. Some components, like the chiller condenser shell, are modally dense and well suited to statistical estimates of SEA parameters like modal density and coupling between the shell modes and internal and external acoustic spaces. Other components, like the discharge pipe between the compressor and condenser shell, have only a few well separated modes with low damping. This component is better modeled using mobilities either measured or calculated using finite element analysis. We estimate other parameters like internal and coupling loss factors using a mix of analytics and measurements where appropriate. We validate the general model by comparing simulated and measured transfer functions between the discharge pipe and condenser shell — the components that radiated the most sound. We estimate structure-borne and fluid-borne input powers from the compressor using inference techniques based on transfer function measurements at quiescent conditions and averaged surface vibrations measured at operating conditions. This inference approach allows for estimating input powers over any chiller operating condition. Simulated vibrations and radiated sound are generally within 3 dB of measurements for several operating conditions. This case study provides a useful general methodology for modeling and measuring the vibroacoustics of chillers and other complex machinery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In automobile industry, the welding is usually employed to connect metal and metal parts. However, recently, adhesives with large internal damping are used to join structures instead of welding. Therefore, we formulate the sensitivity of subsystem energy to internal loss factor in SEA. We considered the perturbation of the loss factor in the SEA fundamental power balance equation. We can deduce a guideline for reducing the subsystem energy by adding the damping to appropriate subsystem. The guideline is shown that tiie damping addition is more effective on the subsystem in the path from the excitation subsystem to the response subsystem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Closed-form dynamic stiffness are developed for simple and advanced rod theories. • Analytical J 0 count expressions of different theories for W-W algorithm are given. • Comparisons on natural frequencies and modes for different rods and BCs are made. • Benchmark solutions are provided for bars and trusses based different theories. • High efficiency and accuracy within whole frequency range is demonstrated. Closed-form dynamic stiffness (DS) formulations coupled with an efficient eigen-solution technique are proposed for exact longitudinal free vibration analyses of rods and trusses by using classical, Rayleigh-Love, Rayleigh-Bishop and Mindlin–Hermann theories. First, the exact general solutions of the governing differential equations of the four rod theories are developed. Then the solutions are substituted into the generalized displacement and force boundary conditions (BCs), leading to the elemental DS matrices utilising symbolic computation. As an accurate and efficient modal solution technique, the Wittrick-Williams (WW) algorithm is applied. The J 0 count for the WW algorithm has been resolved for all four types of DS elements with explicit analytical expressions. The method is verified against some existing exact results for rods subjected to specific BCs. Comparisons of the natural frequencies and mode shapes for different theories and slenderness ratios are also made. Finally, benchmark solutions are provided for individual rods subject to different BCs, a stepped rod and a truss. This research provides an exact and highly efficient modal analysis tool for rods and trusses within the whole frequency range, which is suitable for parametric studies, optimization design, inverse problem analysis, and important for statistical energy analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of the performed experiments was to assess the effect of ion bombardment on the mechanical properties of α-quartz. The 40 keV Ar+-ions were implanted with fluences of 1014 and 1016 ion/cm2 were used. The accumulation of broken interatomic bonds in the sample surface layer was traced with the reflectance IR spectroscopy. The sample surface was subjected to the localized impact damaging by a pointed striker prior to and after the Ar+ implantation. The fractoluminescence (FL) excited in damaged samples was recorded with a 20 ns resolution during 1 ms. The statistical analysis of the energy distributions in impact-induced FL time series detected in unirradiated samples showed a random accumulation of newly formed point defects. The FL energy distributions in the ion-implanted samples followed a power law typical for the fracture of heterogeneous solids such as rocks, ceramics, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the main concerns in the railway transportation is environmental pollutions caused by railway noise. The most important source of this noise is the rolling contact between wheel and rail, and therefore, prediction of the rolling noise is a key factor in the management and reduction of the noise. Despite numerous studies carried out on the rolling noise prediction in the available literature, the role of track components on the rolling noise has not been taken into account. That is, the power dissipation within the track superstructures has not been given sufficient consideration. This is addressed in this research by investigating the influences of the track components on the level of railway rolling noise. For this purpose, a new noise prediction approach is developed in this research using finite element method and the statistical energy analysis. This approach has an advantage of considering power dissipation along the track components compared with the previous approaches. The results obtained from the new approach were compared with field measurements carried out in this research. It is shown that the proposed finite element–statistical energy analysis approach is effective in accurate predictions of the ballasted railway track noise. © 2022 Institute of Noise Control Engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve wind noise in high frequency range above 2kHz, this paper proposes a new technique focusing on high damping glass-run to reduce glass transmission noise due to coincidence effect at low cost. The technique is characterized by controlling energy transmission by utilizing impedance matching between glass and glass-run without changing materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy flow analysis (EFA) has been used to predict the frequency-averaged vibrational responses of built-up structures at high frequencies. In this study, the frequency-averaged exact energetics of the in-plane motions of the plate were derived for the first time by solving coupled partial differential equations. To verify the EFA for the in-plane waves of the plate, numerical analyses were performed on various coupled plate structures. The prediction results of the EFA for coupled plate structures were shown to be accurate approximations of the frequency-averaged exact energetics, which were obtained from classical displacement solutions. The accuracy of the results predicted via the EFA increased with an increase in the modal density, regardless of various structural parameters. Therefore, EFA is an effective technique for predicting the frequency-averaged vibrational responses of built-up structures in the high frequency range.

We present a numerical method for computing reflection and transmission coefficients at joints connecting composite laminated plates. The method is based on modelling joints with finite elements with boundary conditions given by the solutions of the wave finite element method for the plates in the infinite half-spaces connected to the joint. There are no restrictions on the number of plates, inter-plate angles, and material parameters of individual layers forming the composite. An L-shaped laminated plate junction is discussed in more detail. Comparisons of numerically predicted scattering coefficients with semi-analytical solutions for the selected structures are presented. The results obtained are essential for statistical energy analysis and dynamical energy analysis based calculations of the wave energy distribution in full built-up structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the wind tunnel facility, a test structure is often used for measuring its vibrational response to the aerodynamic excitation. A support is needed to sustaining the structure and it is mandatory that this support does not influence the vibrational energy to be measured. To this aim, the maximum amount of energy decoupling between the structure and the support is desired. This work is focused around a quick method to estimate this decoupling by using simplified models for the Turbulent Boundary Layer (TBL) excitation and for the structural response. Specifically, the Equivalent Rain-on-the-roof excitation is invoked with a Statistical Energy Analysis model for the structure. Some simple design rules are proposed and based on little information leading to foresee the difference of vibrational velocity levels between the two structural systems. A simplified test-case is used for the first investigations and a complex structure is finally conceived thinking to vibroacoustic measurements in a large wind tunnel facility. Although some results are largely expected, the global approach is promising. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Time Domain Room Acoustic Solver with a Fourth-Order Explicit FEM Using Modified Time Inte... This paper by Yoshida et al. [[7]] presents a proposal of a time domain room acoustic solver using a novel fourth-order accurate explicit time domain finite element method (TD-FEM). Satisfactory acoustics is crucial for the ability of spaces such as auditoriums and lecture rooms to perform their primary function. To predict the sound absorption coefficient of the MEMM, the capability of three conventional models and three machine learning (ML) models of the supervised learning method were studied for the development of the prediction model. Potential of Room Acoustic Solver with the Plane-Wave Enriched Finite Element Method A preliminary study on the partition of unity finite element method (PUFEM) as a room acoustic solver was presented by Okuzono et al. [[6]]. [Extracted from the article]

Distinct X-ray plateau and flare phases have been observed in the afterglows of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), and most of them should be related to central engine activities. In this paper, we collect 174 GRBs with X-ray plateau phases and 106 GRBs with X-ray flares. There are 51 GRBs that overlap in the two selected samples. We analyze the distributions of the proportions of the plateau energy Eplateau and the flare energy relative to the isotropic prompt emission energy Eγ,iso. The results indicate that they well meet the Gaussian distributions and the medians of the logarithmic ratios are ∼−0.96 and −1.39 in the two cases. Moreover, strong positive correlations between Eplateau (or) and Eγ,iso with slopes of ∼0.95 (or ∼0.80) are presented. For the overlapping sample, the slope is ∼0.80. We argue that most of X-ray plateaus and flares might have the same physical origin but appear with different features because of the different circumstances and radiation mechanisms. We also test the applicabilities of two models, i.e., black holes surrounded by fractured hyperaccretion disks and millisecond magnetars, on the origins of X-ray plateaus and flares. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present work, the sound transmission through a cylindrical shape acoustic enclosure is predicted analytically and verified experimentally. An analytical model is developed, based on the statistical energy analysis (SEA) approach, to examine the transmission loss of a cylindrical acoustic enclosure in different frequency regions, including the low-, intermediate-, and high-frequency ranges. In the developed model, the nonresonant wave response is included in addition to consideration of the resonant response for obtaining more accurate results. It is demonstrated that the developed SEA formulation in this work can compute the resonant as well as the nonresonant sound transmission of the cylindrical acoustic enclosure separately. To validate the analytical model, an experimental setup was developed, and the sound transmission loss of a cylindrical acoustic enclosure was measured using the sound intensity experimental technique. It was found that the analytical results are in good agreement with the measured transmission loss, especially at the panel ring and critical frequencies. The results obtained indicate that the proposed analytical model is efficient to predict the sound transmission loss of cylindrical acoustic enclosures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]