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Objective: To describe the presence of bacteria at the seller's hand of meatball vendors and cart meatball bowls. Method: This is a descriptive study with an observational approach. Thirty mobile meatball vendors were recruited as participants. Therefore, the bacterias from bowls and hands were taken by swab sampling. The number of bacterias were obtained using total plate count method by means of nutrient agar. Bacteria types were identified using Gram staining method and bacteria assay. Results: The hands and bowls swab samples were positive for Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in all cases. These microorganisms include Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Klebsiella sp., Alcaligenes faecalis, Enterobacter aglomereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter cloacae, and Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Serratia rubidaea, Yersinia enterocolitica, E. aerogenes, and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Conclusions: Some types of bacterias were present in cart meatball bowls and the sellers’ hands. This phenomenon is affiliated with the emergence of food-borne diseases for the consumers.

In the very competitive environments of distributor corporations hiring the sellers who are simultaneously competent and loyal is critical for improving sale performance. Among various determinant of sale performance, this research has investigated the intermediating role of organizational pride in the effect of employer branding on the sellers’ performance. The research is applied in nature and the method is descriptive and correlational. The population of interest consists of 850 sellers of Behpakhsh Corporation, among whom 220 have been randomly selected as the statistical sample. A standard questionnaire was used for data collection. Statistical tests such as confirmatory factor analysis, path analysis and t-test were used for data analysis through the LISREL and SPSS software. The results showed that all five studied aspects of employer branding (economic value, developmental value, social value, diversity value and fame value) have significantly positive effects on the sellers’ performance through organizational pride. Moreover, the current status of such factors was reported appropriate in that company.

Copyright of Annals of 'Constantin Brancusi' University of Targu-Jiu. Juridical Science Series is the property of Universitatea Constantin Brancusi din Targu-Jiu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Annals of 'Constantin Brancusi' University of Targu-Jiu. Juridical Science Series is the property of Universitatea Constantin Brancusi din Targu-Jiu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Beauty is in the eyes of the beholder and hence the total digital adoption with trust may take its own establishment time, but the reality is making it closer day by day. The article focuses on the major aspects and features established win-win positions for both the counterparts i.e., seller & consumer. Digital thrust is the outcome of experienced benefits, and the need is to adopt the same not only as a social transformation tool but also as a professional transformation mechanism to explore the immense opportunities existing all over the world. Thus, digital thrust is needed as market orientation is almost cyclical in nature where in one man's trash is another man's treasure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the years, specialized open market approach has remained unstructured along many lines and this has affected the intervention of technical advancement in the buyer-seller relationship. The consequence of this includes the inability of online markets moderators and e commerce system developers to incorporate these markets as many ecommerce platforms use predetermined structured frameworks. In this paper, the researchers presented a Unified Modeling Framework as an implementable approach to restructure the non specialized open markets using proximity based techniques. The approach was implemented as a web service and user's feedback suggested high level of satisfaction in the defined approach. 45 users were engaged in the trials and our results revealed that the approach motivated both buyers and sellers to adopt the use of mobile ecommerce platforms as an alternative market. Awareness, product safety and originality are some challenges to which both buyers and sellers raised as areas of concern. Many considered this approach a necessity considering the several restrictions that will emerge post COIVID19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Business transfers are linked to both the beginning and the end of entrepreneurial processes. A person can become an entrepreneur by acquiring an existing business instead of starting one, and exit from entrepreneurship can occur through selling the business. Business transfers are gradually becoming more common among small businesses, largely due to entrepreneurs' aging, and thus deserve attention from entrepreneurship scholars. In particular, the issue of why and how business transfer negotiations fail without achieving a transfer has received little research attention. The purpose of this paper is to explore this phenomenon from potential buyers' and sellers' perspectives. The findings are based on a sample of 156 responses. The results suggest that the problems occurring in unfinished business transfers are quite numerous and the gaps between the views of the two negotiating parties are wider than in cases where business transfer negotiations are concluded successfully, indicating that the initial negotiation positions can be crucial. This research proposes some key elements to consider when planning an exit by business transfer and highlight the importance of unfinished small business transfers as an essential element of a dynamic business transfer market; a substantial proportion of the potential buyers and sellers are satisfied with the outcome even though the transfer did not occur. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the growing demand for energy and the integration of distributed energy resources (DERs), Peer-to-Peer (P2P) energy trading has emerged as a promising approach that enables participants in the energy market to coordinate and trade energy. However, due to the intermittent generation from DERs and irregular load patterns, energy shortages can occur in the P2P market. To address this issue, an effective demand response-based energy allocation policy is proposed with usage-based billing in the P2P market that differentiates cooperative and non-cooperative buyers based on the supply-to-demand ratio. In general, monitoring buyers' demand and sellers' generation data is performed to formulate contracts, posing risks to participants' privacy. The utility grid requires this data for timely decision-making regarding load forecasting and demand response programs. However, real-time reporting of this data in the P2P market can inadvertently reveal participants' lifestyles, potentially leading to privacy breaches. To mitigate this issue, Differential Privacy (DP) is integrated to preserve participants' privacy. Extensive simulations are performed over the one-year dataset, demonstrating the proposed method's effectiveness that maximizes social welfare, ensures data privacy, and enhances participant satisfaction. The results indicate an average reduction in energy costs, ranging from 9.83% to 27.86% for all buyers, and an average increase in revenues, ranging from 5.42% to 10.69% for all sellers, compared to the previously proposed study and the grid, respectively. This research contributes to the advancement of P2P energy trading by providing an innovative approach that simultaneously addresses available energy, privacy concerns, satisfaction level, and economic benefits for participants. • We propose a novel energy allocation policy based on demand response. • This policy guarantees equitable and efficient energy distribution among peers. • It aims to maximize social welfare and enhance satisfaction levels. • We integrate differential privacy to protect the privacy of participants' data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to analyze the seller's obligations under the Convention on International Sale of Goods (CISG) and in particular the obligation to deliver the goods showing the main issues that arise in an international sale. We also wish to point the major innovations or improvements brought by the CISG in comparison to the European civil codes regulation and to conclude if the CSIG managed to revolutionize the tradition view on this issue.

Link prediction is a prominent research direction e.g., for inferring upcoming interactions to be used in recommender systems. Although this problem of predicting links between users has been extensively studied in the past, research investigating this issue simultaneously in multiplex networks is rather rare so far. This is the focus of this paper. We investigate the extent to which trading interactions between sellers and buyers within an online marketplace platform can be predicted based on three different but overlapping networks—an online social network, a location-based social network and a trading network. In particular, we conducted the study in the context of the virtual world Second Life. For that, we crawled according data of the online social network, user information of the location-based social network obtained by specialized bots, and we extracted purchases of the trading network. Overall, we generated and used 57 topological and homophilic features in different constellations to predict trading interactions between user pairs. We focused on both unsupervised as well as supervised learning methods. For supervised learning, we achieved accuracy values up to 92.5%, for unsupervised learning we obtained nDCG values up to over 97% and MAP values up to 75%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Türkiye Adalet Akademisi Dergisi is the property of Justice Academy of Turkey and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the competitive environment of sale corporations possession of empowered sellers is considered a valuable, value adding, inimitable and irreplaceable competitive advantage. Among different determinants of sale performance, this research investigates that psychological empowerment (feeling of competence, meaningfulness, self-managing, having influence and trust) how and to some extend effect on the sale performance of sellers. The research goal is applied and its method is descriptive and survey-based. The population of the research consists of sellers of Behpakhsh Corporation in Tehran and townships, among 900 persons of them 270 subjects was selected randomly as statistical sampling. Data collection tool is a standard questionnaire that was used for the survey. Statistical tests such as confirmatory factor analysis, path analysis and T-test have been used for data analysis through the software LISREL and SPSS. The results show that all studied aspects of psychological empowerment have had positive and significant effects on the sale performance in the corporation. As well as the current status of the company's empowerment and sales performance have been appropriate.

The new vision in sales requires, among other things, changing the salespeople's position towards the potential client by applying a philosophy that involves taking into consideration the people they come into contact with and providing solutions to address their needs in a disinterested manner, without having to pretend reciprocity. All this must be based on the concept of total sales utility, solutions to solve clients' immediate needs: the urgent ones, those who are directly related to them (financial needs), but also those arising from the use of goods purchased by the seller. The purpose of this article is to analyse how easily we can discover clients' real needs; under what conditions these needs can be satisfied through sales activities, and which the social responsibilities of the salespeople are.

The purchasing process in the real estate world can be very complex for both the buyer and the seller of the property. Both can be reluctant to signing the contract in regards to the level to which it is binding, so it is important to be informed about the different steps of the process and the level to which they are binding to one or both parties. We will here review all eleven steps of the real estate purchasing process and determine what contingencies can be found at which step. We will then deduct from this analysis the level to which each step is binding and create a ranking of the steps. This will lead to the resolution of our problem which is to determine at what point and to which extend a real estate contract becomes legally binding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although a legal institution of absolute novelty, the sale-purchase contract with a redemption pact is one deprived of practical significance, the authors estimating a lack of interest of the buyers to enter into such a contractual relationship. Sale of this kind has utility exclusively for the seller either for the legitimate purpose of securing a financing or for the illegitimate purpose of eluding the interests of potential creditors. Thus, anticipating that a forced execution procedure could be initiated against him, a person might be tempted to alienate part of his assets, and then later if the forced execution hadn't started to opt for redemption. As far as the buyer is concerned, the disadvantages of entering in such a legal relationship are obvious, and consist in the practical impossibility to personalize / embellish the purchased goods, impossibility resulting from the seller's possibility to repay only the necessary and useful expenses, the latter the latter only within the limit of the value added to the good that formed the object of the contract. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Sunglasses should follow minimum requirements to sufficiently protect eyes. It is not known whether all items obtainable from the market are appropriately designed. Aims: To compare ultraviolet (UV)-protective properties of commercially available sunglasses obtained from authorized and unauthorized Iranian sellers. Settings and Study Design: An analytic-descriptive study performed in a metropolitan area (Tehran). Materials and Methods: Using a UV-visible standard spectrophotometer, the percentage transmittance was scanned between 280 and 400 nm in 348 pairs of nonprescription sunglasses (price range: 20-80 US$) obtained anonymously and randomly from authorized (permitted by the Ministry of Health, 189 pairs) and unauthorized (159 pairs) sellers in the Iranian capital city, Tehran. The Australian/New Zealand Standard (AS/NZS) and the American National Standards Institute [ANSI] standards were followed. Statistical Analysis: Chi-square test, independent samples t-test or Mann-Whitney U-test. Results UV-protective properties of the sunglasses obtained from authorized sellers complied with AS/NZS and ANSI guidelines in 92.6% and 95.2% of items, respectively. The corresponding rates for sunglasses obtained from unauthorized sellers were 0% and 8.2%, respectively (P < 0.001 for both). The rate of defective polarizing capability of lenses was 27.4% in sunglasses obtained from authorized sellers versus 90.4% in sunglasses obtained from unauthorized sellers (P < 0.001). Neither brand nor price played significant contributions to UV protection/lens polarizing capability of sunglasses obtained from authorized sellers. Conclusions: Sunglasses provided by unauthorized sellers are alarmingly unreliable and could be potentially hazardous for the eye. Brand and price do not guarantee optimal protection against UV radiation or polarizing performance of the lens.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is strongly associated with several human cancers; the most known genotypes involved being HPV 16 and HPV 18. We report the detection of HPV 52 in a sample taken from a 47-year-old patient with squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva of the left eye. The method used for the detection of HPV was real time polymerase chain reaction. The evolution was favorable after surgical removal of the tumor and the patient was explained that long-term follow-up is essential to avoid recurrence.

This article is about the current Law on Mediation in real estate sale and lease (published in the 'Official Gazette of RS', No. 95/2013 on October 31, 2013), with the most important provisions that just started to apply or shall start to apply. It highlights positive legal solutions and points out imperfections and lack of clarity of certain provisions.

Background: Keratoconus is a contraindication for photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). In the recent decade, some efforts have been made to perform PRK in patients with keratoconus whose corneas are stable naturally or by doing corneal collagen crosslinking. These studies have suggested residual central corneal thickness (CCT) ≥450 μm. Aims: The aim was to evaluate the long-term outcomes of PRK in patients with mild to moderate keratoconus in patients older than 40 with residual CCT ≥ 400 μm. Settings and Design: This prospective study was conducted in our Cornea Research Center, Mashhad, Iran. Materials and Methods: Patients over 40 years old, with a grade I/II keratoconus without progression in the last 2 years were recruited. Patients with a predicted postoperative CCT < 400 μm were excluded. PRK with tissue saving protocol was performed with Tecnolas 217 Z. Mitomycin-C was applied after ablation. The final endpoints were refraction parameters the last follow-up visit (mean: 35 months). Paired t-test and Chi-square were used for analysis. Results: A total of 38 eyes of 21 patients were studied; 20 eyes (52.6%) with a grade I and 18 eyes (47.4%) with grade II keratoconus. The mean uncorrected visual acuity, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), spherical equivalent, cylindrical power and keratometric readings were significantly improved at the final endpoint compared to preoperation measurements (P < 0.001). Two eyes (5%) lost two lines of BCVA at the final visit. No case of ectasia occurred during the follow-up course. Conclusions: PRK did not induce keratoconus progression in patients older than 40 with a grade I/II keratoconus. Residual CCT ≥ 450 μm seems to be sufficient to prevent the ectasia.

Contract of sale is a basic legal instrument of international trade and therefore has a major role not only in domestic but also in international commodity trade. The corpus rights and obligations represent the content of the sales contract. By concluding the sales contract, whether in internal or international law, each party undertakes certain obligations, but also it is acquired with certain rights. The obligations of the buyer represent one part of the contract`s content of sale of goods. The subject of analysis in this paper will be the obligations of the buyer which are specified in the Contract Law of the Republic of Macedonia, as well as the buyer obligations which are listed in the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods, but mainly, we will concentrate on the obligation of the buyer to pay the price for the goods to the seller. By conducting a comparative analysis of the obligation of the buyer in the domestic and international law, we will see the position of the domestic buyer vis a vis the international – in the part of one of the obligations of the contract of sale.

Attainment of the "trusted advisor" role for sales representatives in a complex sales environment is considered the pinnacle of buyer-seller relationships. This study also examines whether pervasive smartphone use particularly among the millennial generation has substantially altered behaviors in the form of communications in the buyer-seller relationship. Does replacement of face-to-face and direct verbal communications by impersonal technology based communications that removes verbal and non-verbal or behavioral forms of communications have an impact on perceptions of communication quality and trust building among the parties. As use of smartphones for text based communications is more prevalent among younger generations, can generational differences provide insight into any change in the underlying information exchanges and supportive behaviors expected in development of a "trusted advisor" relationship. In order to examine this question, the study sought to measure antecedents of the "trusted advisor" construct including communications quality (Neu, Gonzales & Pass, 2011), trust in an organizational setting (Mayer, Davis & Schoorman, 1995) and a nominal scale of trusted advisor roles based on the work of Maister, Green and Galford (2000). Survey results confirm the antecedents as components and propose a regression model for measurement of the presence of the "trusted advisor" construct. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purchase-sale in installments proves to be an effective agent of economic and social development that invigorates the production and demand of durable movable goods because it facilitates the less wealthy social classes the immediate availability of them despite lacking sufficient liquidity to acquire them. However, this situation causes an imbalance in the game of interests and benefits that presides the classic business of sale and sale, since seller is aware of the thing sold in favor of buyer despite not having received in full the due provision by the buyer, the thing's price. For this reason, it is necessary to articulate a series of measures that sufficiently guarantee to seller the perception of its credit. The current Law 28/1998, dated 13 July, on the sale in installments of movable property has not lost sight of this need and, therefore, a good part of its precepts tend to provide sellers and financiers with the rights and guarantees that allow them strengthen their contractual position, ensuring the collection of the price or repayment of the loan granted. This is precisely the main objective of the present work, to carry out a detailed analysis of the legal instruments that the LVP arbitrates in the interest of the necessary legal protection of sellers and financiers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is duty of the seller to pack the goods in a manner which assures their safe arrival and enables their handling in transit and at the place of destination. The problem of packing is relevant in two main respects. First of all the buyer is in certain circumstances entitled to refuse acceptance of the goods if they are not properly packed. Second, the package is relevant to calculation of price and freight based on weight. In the case of export trade, the package should conform to the legislation in the country of destination. The impact of package on environment is regulated by environment protection regulation of Republic if Serbia.

There is online store goods ranking problem observed and solving method is proposed.

The article is devoted to the topical issues of the legal provision of products quality. The civil-legal liability of the producers (executives, sellers) in the sphere of the products quality provision is viewed.

According to art. 1650, paragraph. 1, of the Civil Code, "The sale is the contract that the seller transmits or, where appropriate, seek to transmit the property of an asset to the buyer, for a price which the buyer is obliged to pay" The dispositions of the 2011 civil code suggests that compared to the time of transfer of ownership, the contract may have different legal nature: creative translative property or obligations. Thus, transfer of ownership may be immediately and in this case, as occurs or may be postponed (conclusion of the contract) and in this case, is an obligation of the seller. For example, art. 1674 of Civil Code states that "the property is" shifting "by right to the buyer" and "General Provisions" of art. 1672. paragraph 1 and art. 1673. paragraph 1 of Civil Code provides that "The seller is obliged to transmit the buyer the ownership of the sold property ". Please note that until the appearance of the Civil Code 2011, the sale was widely known as "translational property" and a possible shift in the category of contracts creating obligations would produce important consequences for the concept (and related institutions). On the background issues above, we consider that the presentation of opinions and arguments in their support could be beneficial.

We report a case of ocular tuberculosis (TB) which initially presented with disc edema and was mistaken for optic neuritis. With no definite pathology being identified, the patient was treated on the lines of optic neuritis with intravenous (IV) steroid with beneficial effect. Ocular TB was suspected when he presented later with a subretinal abscess. Based on positive Mantoux, QuantiFERON TB gold results and radiographic findings, a diagnosis of subretinal abscess of presumed tubercular etiology was made. The patient was successfully treated with anti-tubercular therapy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of ocular TB presenting as disc edema followed by subretinal abscess.

Local food, both from the perspective of the producer and the consumer, is becoming all the more popular topic in modern society. One of the places where the buyers and sellers of these products meet is the market. The research aim is to study the operation of local artisan and craftsman markets in Rezekne and the opportunities for improving their operation. The theoretical and practical aspects of artisan activity are described in the study; surveys have been conducted to find out the opinions of market visitors on the supply of the artisan market; data analysis and interpretation; and to make conclusions and suggestions for improving the operation of the local artisan and craftsman market in Rezekne. Research methods: logical construction, analysis, a survey, the graphical method. The study results in a conclusion that the buyers of the local artisan and craftsman market in Rezekne are satisfied with the supply; however there are opportunities for its improvement. The main aspects with the opportunities for improvement are: spreading information about the market, i.e. its advertisement, expanding the assortment offered, extending the opening hours of the market, expanding the premises and the parking space of the market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article assesses the seller's duty of conformity in a contract of sale under the OHADA Uniform Act on General Commercial Law. It posits that conformity is not an independent legal concept and so argues that a thorough assessment cannot be made without recognizing and taking into consideration a number of issues, irrespective of the contractual stipulations agreed by the contracting parties. Arguably, the notion of conformity falls within the meaning of the subjective understanding of a “defect”. This can raise confusion and uncertainty in determining the seller's liability for non-conforming goods. Thus, from a cursory reading of the Uniform Act, the question of the seller's duty regarding the conformity of goods can conveniently be addressed from a number of different angles: the nature of the defect; local and international standards; contract law; and the principles of caveat venditor and caveat emptor. Adopting an in-depth content analysis and critical evaluation of primary and secondary data, the article concludes that a balance should be struck between these variables and, where no guidance is given in article 255 of the Uniform Act, the prevailing norm in member states should form the basis for determining the concept of conformity of goods. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The transmission of an enterprise faces different forms which are the recovery, indeed whether it's about a sale or a succession the transmission often puts in danger the existence of an enterprise. An enterprise can be taken over by another enterprise as part of its external growth strategy or by an individual who can be an heir, a former employee of the enterprise, a commercial or financial partner or a foreign buyer for the firm, but whatever his prior knowledge of the target enterprise the individual buyer holds the position of a new manager and fits into a functioning structure and leads a staff that he did not recruit. As part of our article, we have been interested in the study of the recovery of enterprises and its various aspects, in the first part the general case we discussed the resumption namely the transfer of businesses and through the brakes related to the transmission and the process of transmission. The second part is dedicated to the recovery and its integration in the fields of entrepreneurship, as well as the different forms that can take the recovery of a company namely: the external growth and the recovery of enterprises by individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses the dictum of the Phame v Paizes 1973 3 397 (A) within economic and legal principles to determine whether incorporeal things could possess characteristics of value or quality characteristics as in the case of corporeal things. The author uses practical economic examples to argue for the development of common law. The author identifies relevant Roman law principles which justify the legal nature of incorporeal things. It is demonstrated that the value of incorporeal things depends greatly on future circumstances. It is argued in this article that the courts’ willingness to extend the Aedilitian remedies and the wide interpretation of a dictum et promissum create an open door for any unsatisfied buyer with no entrepreneurial skills to claim a reduced price if the business is unable to achieve similar financial results to those prior to the conclusion of the contract. Currently the seller of a business has no clear or enforceable defense under these circumstances. The author subsequently suggests that relevant Roman law principles should be revisited in the aim to develop an appropriate defense for the seller.