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Abstract Background Within-household transmission of Covid-19 is responsible for a significant number of infections. Efforts to protect at risk communities are needed. This study explored the acceptability of offering accommodation to support self-isolation among at risk populations, to prevent transmission of Covid-19 within vulnerable households. Methods Mixed methods design structured in two phases. Phase 1: Survey of 545 individuals who had provided consent to be contacted about ongoing research projects into infection control. Phase 2: Semi-structured interviews with 19 participants from ethnic minority and low income communities. Results Many survey and interview participants viewed the provision of accommodation as important and necessary in certain contexts. Of the 110 survey respondents, 85 (77%) said that they were not able to isolate at home. Among this group, 24 (28%) said they would accept accommodation and 23 (27%) said that they would probably accept. Of those unable to isolate at home, and at high risk if they caught the virus (N = 36) or living with someone at high risk (N 18), 19 (35%) said that they would accept, and 12 (22%) said they would probably accept accommodation. Factors influencing uptake of accommodation included perceived 1) household vulnerability 2) virus exposure and 3) lack of isolation at home options. Barriers to accepting the accommodation offer included 1) able to isolate at home 2) wanting to be with family 3) caring responsibilities 4) mental wellbeing concerns 5) concerns about moving when ill and 6) infection control concerns. Participants raised issues that should be addressed before accommodation is offered, including questions regarding who should use temporary accommodation and when, and how infection control in temporary accommodation would be managed. Conclusion The provision of accommodation to prevent within household transmission of Covid-19 is viewed as acceptable, feasible and necessary by some people who are concerned about infection transmission in the home and are unable to self-isolate or socially distance at home. Different households will have different requirements, e.g., those with caring responsibilities, and to overcome these challenges additional support may be needed for the provision of accommodation to be feasible to those who could benefit most.

The new coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, first identified in humans in Wuhan Province, China, in December 2019, has spread rapidly throughout the world, causing World Health Organization (WHO) to declare it a pandemic infection. This pathogenic agent belongs to the genus beta-coronavirus, alongside SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) and MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome). The large number of infected patients is mainly due to the modality of transmission, through respiratory droplets. The most common manifestation of the disease/infection COVID-19 is pneumonia, as there are not any specific clinical manifestations that differentiate this disease from other respiratory viral infections. The confirmation of COVID-19 is done by RT-PCR (Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction) of respiratory specimens. In most cases, the damage induced by this infection is not severe, and death occurs most frequently among older patients or with significant comorbidities. To control this pandemic infection, measures such as self-isolation at home or quarantine are recommended. Given both the large number of infected patients, as well as the large number of deaths, it is imperative to conduct studies that identify effective therapeutic measures.

Self-isolation is one of the government's efforts to prevent the spread of COVID-19. Everyone is required to maintain the body's immunity to avoid exposure to the virus. Traditional medicine, including Indonesian herbal medicine called jamu, can be an alternative to maintain the body's immunity. This study aimed to investigate public knowledge regarding the use of herbal medicine as an immunity enhancer in COVID-19 sufferers who undergo self-isolation. An online survey to the community in Indonesia was conducted using an online questionnaire (google form). Some of the inclusion criteria were people who had experienced symptoms of COVID-19 and drank jamu while undergoing self-isolation. The respondents were obtained by a non-randomized sampling technique. The number of respondents was 172. The results showed that 5.3% of the respondents had a low level of knowledge; 84% medium; and 10.4% high. The findings suggested the need for health promotion to improve public knowledge regarding how to use the correct herbal concoction to increase immunity while undergoing self-isolation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article attempts to analyze an extreme form of isolation of a certain group of people, the cases of their social isolation and self-isolation during complete or complete detachment from the society. The COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic, which has affected the material and spiritual social lives of many people around the world, is the subject of recent sociological research. When people's lives revolve around Internet and online communication, the use of smartphones leads to a decrease in emotionality and eliminates the need for personal interactions. Moreover it causes the strong feeling of isolation; disruption of social ties; degradation of consciousness.The article discusses the main types of social isolation by the initiator, that take place in these kinds of situations. The study also make an attempt to determine what kind of consequences can long and short-term isolation of people from each other lead to, the reasons for such a negative impact. The focus in this perspective is on isolated loneliness, which is defined as loneliness resulting from social disconnection as a result of forced social distancing and isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic. The article examines the role of digital technologies in the fight against loneliness in isolation during the pandemic. The authors conducted an online survey on the topic "Using digital technologies during social isolation" to determine the level of online use of services among the population of Taldykorgan. The number of respondents is 284. According to the results of this empirical study, the population is well adapted to digitalization and the time spent on the Internet is increasing. However the article also came to the conclusion that there is a growing demand for some types of activities, the impact of the quarantine situation. Many recognize that digitalization promotes transparency and is very effective, and have shown that information and communication technologies are able to unite people into a single system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The COVID-19 pandemic has affected many aspects of our lives, including mental health. Identifying risk factors and risk groups associated with anxiety, depression, and other emotional disorders for reasons related to the COVID-19 pandemic is highly relevant. This narrative review aims to summarize the evidence to date on risk factors for emotional disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic in order to identify the risk groups of people in need of early psychiatric and psychological assistance, point out the controversial data on the influence of risk factors on emotional disorders in COVID-19, and finally offer recommendations for alleviating symptoms of anxiety, depression, and other emotional disorders in such people. According to the current literature, being under the age of 40, being female, having contact with a COVID-infected person, and watching the news about COVID-19 for more than 3 h a day all increase the likelihood of anxiety, depression, and sleep disturbances. Healthcare workers, particularly nurses, working in the COVID-19 hot zone suffer more from sleep disorders, anxiety, and depression. It is also noted that people with a previous psychiatric history, in addition to increased risks of anxiety and depression, have an increased risk of relapse during the COVID-19 pandemic. The same is true for people who have had episodes of substance abuse in the past. Aside from socioeconomic factors, the mental wellbeing of those who have had COVID-19 is also impacted by biological factors (using anti-COVID-19 drugs, COVID-19-associated immunothrombosis and venous thromboembolism, interferon-gamma-related cytokine storm, etc.), resulting in a wide range of acute and long-term cognitive disorders. During the restricted resource time, the aforementioned risk groups should be prioritized for prevention, early identification, and proper treatment of potential emotional disorders. The risk factors that were found in this narrative review, as well as how they interact and change over time, will help understand why some studies of at-risk groups do not agree with each other, justify new preventive measures, and strengthen existing programs to keep people's mental health in check during this pandemic and other emergencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Since March 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has been a global talking point. Access to health care has become more difficult, and such an obstacle increase the risk of inadequate medical care, especially among paediatric patients. Case: This report describes the case of a previously healthy teenager who was staying home for 2 months due to a strict lockdown period in the COVID-19 pandemic and was admitted to hospital for fever, nausea and lumbar pain. He was diagnosed consecutively with meningitis, sepsis, paraspinal abscesses and endocarditis. Further investigation did not reveal any risk factors or immunodeficiency in the patient. Discussion: Sepsis is defined as the presence of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) associated with a probable or documented infection. It is the leading cause of death from infection, especially if not recognized and treated quickly. Sepsis may lead to various complications, such as infective endocarditis, meningitis and abscesses. Although such complications may initially be latent, they can promote internal organ dysfunction and the possibility of their presence should be considered in any patient with systemic infection. Any child with a fever should be treated as one with the possibility of developing a severe infection. Conclusion: The presented case shows that even a previously healthy child staying in long-term home isolation can develop a severe infection with multiorgan complications, and the COVID-19 pandemic should not extend the diagnostic process in patients with symptoms of infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study examines certain aspects of the physiological and mental states of students caused by the conditions of social isolation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and the need to study remotely. 189 respondents (84.6% female, 15.4% male) aged 17 to 27 years were interviewed. The data was collected remotely (using a Google form) between November and December 2020. The following methods were used: the author’s questionnaire aimed at evaluating the regime moments, eating habits and physical activity of students, as well as their academic load; the questionnaire “Well-Being, Activity, Mood”; the Beck Depression Inventory; the Spielberger-Hanin anxiety scale. The results showed that in the conditions of distance learning, the lifestyle of a significant proportion of students is characterized by pronounced deviations from the recommended values. Sleep deprivation, an unbalanced diet, a decrease in physical activity — all this, along with a pronounced academic load of medical students, leads to a deterioration in their functional state. A close relationship between the physical and emotional well-being of students was revealed. At the same time, the main predictors of physical well-being are regular physical activity and commitment to a healthy life- style, while emotional well-being is largely determined by the personal characteristics of students and the ability to adapt to a new learning regime.

Abstract Background Community engagement and volunteering are essential for the public response to COVID-19. Since March 2020 a large number of people in the UK have been regularly doing unpaid activities to benefit others besides their close relatives. Although most mutual aid groups emerged from local neighbourhoods and communities, official public institutions also fostered community volunteering, namely through the community champions scheme. By considering a broad definition of COVID-19 volunteering, this article describes a systematic review of the literature focused on one broad question: What have we learned about COVID-19 volunteering both at the UK national level and the more local community level? Methods A rapid review of the literature in peer-reviewed databases and grey literature was applied in our search, following the PRISMA principles. The search was conducted from 10 to 16 of October 2020, and sources were included on the basis of having been published between January and October 2020, focusing on COVID-19 and addressing community groups, volunteering groups, volunteers, or community champions in the UK. Results After initial screening, a total of 40 relevant sources were identified. From these, 27 were considered eligible. Findings suggest that food shopping and emotional support were the most common activities, but there were diverse models of organisation and coordination in COVID-19 volunteering. Additionally, community support groups seem to be adjusting their activities and scope of action to current needs and challenges. Volunteers were mostly women, middle-class, highly educated, and working-age people. Social networks and connections, local knowledge, and social trust were key dimensions associated with community organising and volunteering. Furthermore, despite the efforts of a few official public institutions and councils, there has been limited community engagement and collaboration with volunteering groups and other community-based organisations. Conclusions We identified important factors for fostering community engagement and COVID-19 volunteering as well as gaps in the current literature. We suggest that future research should be directed towards deepening knowledge on sustaining community engagement, collaboration and community participation over time, during and beyond this pandemic.

Maha M AlRasheed,1 Afnan M Alkadir,1 Khulood I Bin Shuqiran,1 Sinaa Al-Aqeel,1 Haitham A Jahrami,2,3 Ahmed S BaHammam4,5 1Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 2Ministry of Health, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain; 3College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain; 4University Sleep Disorders Centre, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 5The Strategic Technologies Program of the National Plan for Sciences and Technology and Innovation in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Maha M AlRasheedClinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi ArabiaTel +96611 4678707Fax +966-11-4677480Email mahalrasheed@ksu.edu.saPurpose: We investigated the impact of isolation on sleep quality and psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia.Methods: An online survey was conducted on 353 (88 isolated and 265 not isolated) individuals from May to June 2020. Subjective sleep quality was determined using the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), and psychological distress measured using the Kessler psychological distress scale (K10).Results: The mean age of the isolated group was 28.6 years versus 27.5 years for the non-isolated group, with male participants accounting for 37% in both groups. The mean PSQI score was 8.5± 3.6 and 8.4± 3.5 for the isolated and non-isolated groups, respectively (P= 0.92). The mean K-10 score was 27.6± 9.4 and 25.3± 9.5 for the isolated and non-isolated groups, respectively (P= 0.04). Poor sleep (PSQI ≥ 6) was reported in 235 (66.6%) and psychological distress (K-10 ≥ 20) in 244 (69.1%) participants. Isolation was not associated with poor sleep (OR: 0.73 (95% CI: 0.41– 1.3), P=0.29), but was statistically significant with psychological distress (OR: 2.12 (95% CI: 1.10– 4.08), P=0.03).Conclusion: Poor sleep and psychological distress symptoms were highly prevalent in our study population. Isolation may influence psychological distress but not sleep quality during the COVID-19 pandemic.Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, pandemic, quarantine, sleep quality, psychological distress, self-isolation

The paper claims that if the COVID-19 pandemic turned out to be a man-made risk (А. Giddens), i.e. an unforeseen consequence of a person’s own behavior and actions, then in order to avoid such fatal contingences that occur so unexpectedly, it is necessary to change the type of behavior and actions that have established in the culture of the Modern Period. During the pandemic people are forced to observe the spatial order. Distancing, self-isolation, the Red Zone and other spatial limitations made people acutely aware of the deficit of presence, the lack of their independent active participation in life. The new virus, on the one hand, returned a person to the awareness of the biological, natural origin of human existence, which has been forgotten by culture (science). On the other hand, the practices of social rationing and restriction revealed the influence of various forms of alienation — social, political, economic, cultural — on the fate of each individual. The introduction of the bioprinciple (the virus) into the social, cultural and political space radically changes the relationship between people and nature. This situation makes one think about the meaning of the notion of culture, which got its definition in the 18th century and is understood as non-nature reflected in the formula culture vs nature. The paper shows that the cultural ideal of human activity, which was established in modern times, became the reason of the alienation of technogenic civilization and social forms of life from nature. By destroying nature, turning it into the material for people’s various techne, people found themselves in conflict with their own life. Culture has lost its inner meaning of the presence of the world and of an individual which dissolved in various interpretations and ideas. Contemporary history is moving towards the establishment of a culture of Presence, where the world is viewed not as a mere material to be used, but an area for humans to engage with. What we see today is the assertion of the right to difference and the right to the presence of diversity — in nature, culture, politics (struggle for a multipolar world), in the personal domain (selfies, blogs, chats, etc.).

Since March 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic propelled the “stay-at-home” policy worldwide under public health uncertainty, resulting in increased individualization, as well as an increased reliance or dependency on digital communication technology. Based on a review of existing literature alongside a reflection on personal fieldwork experiences, we aim to: (1) describe major elements of agroecological pedagogy, (2) explore adaptation pathways to combine digitalization and participatory action-learning, and (3) briefly discuss opportunities and challenges for agroecologists beyond COVID-19. Agroecological pedagogy is deeply embedded in the praxis, the scientific knowledge and ways of knowing (academic or not), and in the politics and agency of food movements. In line with Freire's liberation pedagogy, seeing what already exists (e.g., in: ecosystems, home-gardens, fields, farms, and watersheds) through participation and volunteering. Alongside a critical analysis to explain and explore certain phenomena, causes and consequences will likely result in the act leading to the implementation of transformative practices and novel designs that improve the state of any situation being addressed. Participatory action research/learning methods are strategic in agroecological pedagogy. Overall, the lockdown period led to increased societal digitalization of human interactions. During lockdown, however, the implementation of strategies for remote agroecology participatory action-learning were hampered, but not vanquished. Key changes to agroecology education projects “before” and “during” lockdown include an increased reliance on digital and remote strategies. Creative adaptations in the virtual classrooms were designed to nurture, deepen, and foster alternatives in favor of diverse knowledges and ways of knowing for food system transformations.

This work examines the impacts of self-isolation and hospitalization on the population dynamics of the Corona-Virus Disease. We developed a new nonlinear deterministic model eight classes compartment, with self-isolation and hospitalized being the most effective tools. There are (Susceptible SC(t), Exposed E(t), Asymptomatic infected IA(t), Symptomatic infected AS(t), Self-isolation TM(t), Hospitalized TH(t), Healed H(t), and Susceptible individuals previously infected HC(t)). The expression of basic reproduction number R0comes from the next-generation matrix method. With suitably constructed Lyapunov functions, the global asymptotic stability of the non-endemic equilibria Σ0for R01are established. The computed value of R0=3.120277403proves the endemic level of the epidemic. The outbreak will lessen if a policy is enforced like self-isolation and hospitalization. This is related to those policies that can reduce the number of direct contacts between infected and susceptible individuals or waning immunity individuals. Various simulations are presented to appreciate self-isolation at home and hospitalized strategies if applied sensibly. By performing a global sensitivity analysis, we can obtain parameter values that affect the model through a combination of Latin Hypercube Sampling and Partial Rating Correlation Coefficients methods to determine the parameters that affect the number of reproductions and the increase in the number of COVID cases. The results obtained show that the rate of self-isolation at home and the rate of hospitalism have a negative relationship. On the other hand, infections will decrease when the two parameters increase. From the sensitivity of the results, we formulate a control model using optimal control theory by considering two control variables. The result shows that the control strategies minimize the spread of the COVID infection in the population.

Introduction. The article analyzes the impact of forced self-isolation in connection with the coronavirus pandemic in the spring of 2020 on communication between people living together. The relevance of the topic, in addition to the current situation in society, is determined by the fact that interpersonal communication is a factor that has a great influence on the quality of relations between people, and therefore on the psychological stability of each individual.The purpose of the article is to find out how the self-isolation regime affected the communication between people living together.Methodology and sources. The current situation in modern society actualizes the value of using methods of analysis and management of communicative behavior in the practice of interpersonal communications, such as Nonviolent Communication by M. Rosenberg, Transactional Analysis by E. Berne, Neuro-Linguistic Programming. They were used by the author of the article as a source to identify the key problems of interpersonal communication during self-isolation.Results and discussion. To solve the problems of the study, we conducted a survey, in which 217 respondents took part. Guided by the task to describe as accurately as possible the nature of changes in communication between people living together, the author included different groups of questions in the questionnaire. The first group is aimed at assessing communication as a whole through an attempt to look at it from the outside. Further, the respondent was asked to recall the difficulties and positive changes brought to communication by a new way of life and, possibly, by an emotional state. The next two questions were devoted to tense and conflict situations: the respondent was asked to evaluate the changes in their number, and then, in the open-ended question, write how the ways of solving such situations during self-isolation have changed. Two more questions were aimed at assessing changes in the communicative behavior of cohabitants and their own. In the last, also open-ended question, the author was interested in the general nature of changes in communication with family and friends with whom the respondent does not live together.Conclusion. The study confirmed the author’s assumption that there were significant changes in the communication between people living together during the period of forced self-isolation in the spring of 2020.During the study period, there were more tense and conflict situations in communication between cohabitants, which made the search for new communication strategies and techniques to preserve the psychological stability of interpersonal relations.Many respondents noted the positive impact of the period of self-isolation on their relationships with people living with them. Among the difficulties, the most common were communication fatigue, difficulty in expressing their emotions, self-disclosure, and an increase in the number of conflicts.

Abstract Background The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the COVID-19 pandemic a public health emergency of international concern. South Africa, like many other countries, initiated a multifaceted national response to the pandemic. Self-isolation and quarantine are essential components of the public health response in the country. This paper examined perceptions and preparedness for self-isolation or quarantine during the initial phase of the pandemic in South Africa. Methods The analysis used data obtained from an online quantitative survey conducted in all nine provinces using a data-free platform. Descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression models were used to analyse the data. Results Of 55,823 respondents, 40.1% reported that they may end up in self-isolation or quarantine, 32.6% did not think that they would and 27.4% were unsure. Preparedness for self-isolation or quarantine was 59.0% for self, 53.8% for child and 59.9% for elderly. The odds of perceived possibility for self-isolation or quarantine were significantly higher among Coloureds, Whites, and Indians/Asians than Black Africans, and among those with moderate or high self-perceived risk of contracting COVID-19 than those with low risk perception. The odds were significantly lower among older age groups than those aged 18–29 years, and those unemployed than fully employed. The odds of preparedness for self-isolation or quarantine were significantly less likely among females than males. Preparedness for self, child and elderly isolation or quarantine was significantly more likely among other population groups than Black Africans and among older age groups than those aged 18–29 years. Preparedness for self, child and elderly isolation or quarantine was significantly less likely among those self-employed than fully employed and those residing in informal dwellings than formal dwellings. In addition, preparedness for self-isolation or quarantine was significantly less likely among those with moderate and high self-perceived risk of contracting COVID-19 than low risk perception. Conclusion The findings highlight the challenge of implementing self-isolation or quarantine in a country with different and unique social contexts. There is a need for public awareness regarding the importance of self-isolation or quarantine as well as counter measures against contextual factors inhibiting this intervention, especially in impoverished communities.

The study aimed to reveal how individuals assess and view their psychological and legal safety in the time of the pandemic. We assumed that the way Russian citizens assess their personal psychological and legal safety is determined by social and psychological factors such as their age, gender, social standing. In order to achieve this objective we prepared a questionnaire. 740 individuals (278 males and 462 females between the ages of 10 and 80) took part in the study. It has been established that the majority of the respondents assess their own psychological safety as average (47.3%) and their legal safety as high (42.4%) and are ready to assume upon themselves the responsibility for their own security in the pandemic (47.9%). The subjective evaluation of one's personal psychological and legal safety involves one's gender (p≤0.01), age (p≤0.01) and social status (p≤0.01). The results of the research form the basis for the design of programs for psychological and legal assistance to the vulnerable categories of citizens.

The influence of quarantine on the indicators of biopsychological age is being investigated, data from studies in different countries are presented. Stress factors are distinguished: the disease itself, post-traumatic stress, quarantine factors (social isolation, malnutrition, decreased physical activity, anxiety). The results of a longitudinal study are presented: 1st measurement – 2019, 2nd measurement -2020 (after six months of quarantine). 394 people aged 35-70 years were examined: adults – 158 (114 women), working pensioners – 28 (19 women), non-working pensioners with chronic diseases – 208 (151 women). Methods for assessing biological age by indicators of health, subjective psychological age, and expected retirement age were used. It is shown that in Russia: 1) the effect of quarantine on the biopsychological age is ambivalent, 2) the psychological age of working individuals has changed, they began to feel younger (by 3.3–7.2 years), the expected retirement age has not changed (remained below the established ); 3) indicators of somatic health did not change – (body weight in women, self-esteem of health), others improved (blood pressure), 4) characteristics of physical development worsened: the duration of static balancing decreased (by 13–37%), the duration of breath holding decreased by inhalation, 5) in working individuals the biological age has increased, and the biological aging index has increased, in women – at the level of a trend, in men – reliably (by 3.9–8 years 6) in non-working pensioners-chronicles there was no increase in the rate of biological aging.

Billions of people had to face self-isolation for several months due to COVID-19 pandemic; given that, it seems quite vital to provide theoretical grounds for sanitary-hygienic health risk assessment. Our research objects were people who had to self-isolate during CIVID-19 pandemic. In our research we provided theoretical substantiation for priority health risk factors determined by hypodynamia, hypoxia, improper nutrition, distorted work and leisure regime, and psychoemotional strain. These factors can result in growing morbidity with non-communicable diseases among population. Our research goal was to give theoretical grounds for sanitary-hygienic assessment of health risk factors caused by self-isolation, to reveal priority health risk factors causing morbidity with non-communicable diseases, and to give recommendations on how to prevent it. We applied analytical, information, and statistical procedures in our research. Data were obtained from regulatory and legal documents on sanitary-hygienic standardization in the Russian Federation, specifically, data on nutrition hygiene, occupational hygiene, children and teenagers hygiene, etc.; we also revised scientific works published by Russian and foreign authors and analyzed documents issued by the World Health Organization as well as by public healthcare authorities in different countries during COVID-19 pandemic. When developing theoretical grounds for sanitary-hygienic assessment of health risk factors causing morbidity with non-communicable diseases due to self-isolation, we determined priority risk factors and suggested certain hygienic criteria for assessing self-isolation. We provided theoretical substantiation for a suggested hygienic self-isolation index and its score estimate. The existing system for sanitary-hygienic standardization in the RF fixes requirements for nutrition, work, and leisure regime as well as people’s physical activity; it was applied for performing hygienic assessment of self-isolation and self-isolation index score estimates. We suggested certain activities aimed at minimizing health risks under self-isolation; these activities were based on sanitary-hygienic standards. Since hypodynamia and hypoxia are primary sanitary-hygienic health risk factors, we suggest sticking to adequate nutrition with optimal energy capacity, proper physical activity, as well as proper work and leisure regimes.

Abstract Background The year 2020 will be remembered as the “year of the COVID-19 pandemic”. The world population had to familiarize themselves with words as swabs, personal protective equipment, pandemic. To curb the wave of the pandemic, almost all the countries imposed self-isolation and social distancing. We conducted a web-based survey to investigate the behavioural responses during the quarantine due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Participants were 1860 youth aged 12–18 years attending lower secondary schools and upper secondary schools. Data were collected on demographic characteristics, lifestyle changes during the quarantine period, and the psychological impact of the lock-down on adolescents’ life. Results Most adolescents experienced feelings of fear, discouragement, and anxiety which strongly affected the approach to their daily lifestyles. Most of the surveyed subjects reported having used this period to acquire new skills and to practice physical activities at home. The use of technology was predominant both for recreational activities and educational purposes. Conclusions Despite the strong psychological impact of the quarantine, adolescents showed good levels of resilience. Technology played a crucial role during the quarantine for young subjects who have increased the daily use of technological devices to stay connected with the rest of the world.

The COVID19 global pandemic has seriously disturbed Fiji, its people and the economy. Consequently, crisis management has been highly challenging in this small and vulnerable economy. Although the number of positive cases was low, the economic impact of COVID19 has been significant. In this paper, we identify several crisis management issues to better deal with the pandemic. These discussions can potentially improve Fiji's response strategies and initiatives to safeguard public health and economic activity. Our evaluation indicates room for learning and innovation in Fiji's health care services to ensure resilience and effective response mechanisms. The suggestions are not only useful for Fiji but also for other similar economies in the region. These suggestive strategies can work as proactive measures to combat second wave impact yet to come. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Hileya: Scientific Bulletin / Gileya is the property of GILEYA Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The COVID-19 pandemic has had an unprecedented impact on both national economies and everyday life. Massive lockdowns and a shift towards digital technologies forced people to adapt to technological innovations in their daily routines in a new online format. In this study we identify patterns of change in the population’s adoption of and receptiveness to digitalization. The focus is on registering the expansion of digital routines influenced by the coronavirus depending on the place of residence, infrastructure and demographics. The results of a population survey held in August 2020 across all municipalities of the Kaliningrad region of Russia suggest that the magnitude of the pandemic’s effect in accelerating digitalization is different for various population types. Most receptive to digital innovations are residents of economically developed municipalities aged 26–40 with higher education having a stable Internet connection at a fair price. The article presents a typology of municipalities on the adoption of and receptiveness to innovation. It is shown that without the established infrastructure, technological, economic, cultural and behavioural basis, the acceleration of digitalization does not occur.

he present study was called forth by the relevant issue of COVID-19 pandemic. We emphasize that it emerged as a traumatic situation for many people, whereas measures against its spread further exacerbate psychological distress. In the current study we focused on interpersonal sensitivity in the clinical sense, as a heightened vulnerability to emotions and behaviors of the others linked to expectations of critique and rejection. The study examined the relationships between interpersonal sensitivity and a) protective measures against COVID-19; b) affiliation motivation, loneliness and current emotional state. The relationships were assessed employing correlation, regression and mediation analysis. The sample included 496 people (85,5% women and 14,5% men), aged 14—59 (M=20,42; SD=6,2).We used a survey including questions on adherence to social distancing recommendations and use of protective measures, the Russian versions of PANAS, UCLA Loneliness Scale, Mehrabian’s Affiliative Tendency and Sensitivity to Rejection Scales and Interpersonal Sensitivity Measure. The results show that interpersonal sensitivity increased in youth, positively correlated with negative affect, loneliness and fear of rejection, and negatively correlated with affiliation motivation, positive affect and self-reported psychological and physical state. Interpersonal sensitivity positively and affiliation motivation negatively predicted the choice of two protective measures: going out less and limiting contacts. Affiliation motivation mediated the relationship between interpersonal sensitivity and going out less.

In this article, we examine the spring ceremonies, the Eastern Udmurt’s summer ceremonies, and the Udmurt holidays (the Great Day, the Day of the Plough, Easter, commemoration days, etc.) during the COVID-19 quarantine as well as the humorous songs and chastushkas inspired by the quarantine and self-isolation. This article is the first attempt to describe and characterise the influence of the pandemic on the example of the Udmurt traditional culture. In our analysis, we rely on internet posts, data transmitted by informants, articles in district papers as well as observations by the authors. The data allow us to evaluate the changes in Udmurt customs and people’s adaptation to critical situations. Self-isolation caused anxiety in many village dwellers, because it was not possible to party in real time and place. The internet posts confirmed that the Udmurt are happy to share preparations and proceedings of their feasts, they like to send congratulations to friends and kin, who are able to participate both in joyful and sad emotions. The humorous Udmurt songs and chastushkas posted on the Internet help to survive in the difficult situation in the republic due to the COVID-19 crisis.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the forms and methods of music learning to schoolchildren during the self-isolation period. Distance learning is viewed in the context of new trends, opportunities and risks in relation to the various disciplines of the children’s music school curriculum, as well as music lessons in the mainstream school. Among the most acute problems are the vulnerability of the initial stage of musical education, losses in the artistic side of the musical-pedagogical process, individualization of teaching, and the impossibility of collective playing music. Separately considered such issues as the implementation of programmed teaching technology in the field of solfeggio and music theory; examples of algorithms and criterion scales for organizing students’ self-control are given. Theproblems of the transformation of listener’s perception under the influence of slide shows, the intrusion of the laws of screen arts into musical and pedagogical activity are touched upon. Music and educational content presented as part of large digital educational platforms was subjected to critical analysis.

Abstract Background Strong evidence demonstrates that social support plays a key role in facilitating preventive health behaviors. The aim of the current study was to assess the effects of perceived social support on compliance with stay-at-home orders in response to a COVID-19 outbreak during the Persian New Year (Nowruz) holydays, since Nowruz holidays of 2020 coincided with the peak of the coronavirus epidemic in Iran. Methods This cross-sectional survey was carried out based on phone interviews of 1073 adults aged over 18 years from 4 to 12 April 2020 in Mashhad, Khorasan-Razavi Province, as the second largest city of Iran. A systematic random sampling was carried out using fixed phone number lists provided by Telecommunication Company of Khorasan-Razavi Province. Phone interviews were carried out by trained interviewers from the Iranian Students Polling Agency (ISPA) at various times of the day. The survey included sociodemographic questions, perceived social support scale (MSPSS) and questions about self-isolation during the Nowruz holiday. Statistical analysis included Chi-square test, Mann-Whitney test and multivariate logistic regression. Results 20.5% of participants reported poor compliance with stay at home orders during the first 2 weeks of Nowruz. Clear social gradients were not found in stay-at-home compliance. When controlling socio-demographic factors, perceived social support, interestingly, both fostered and hindered people’s compliance with stay at home orders, depending on the source of support from family members (OR = .874, 95% CI = .803, .950, p

Introduction. The COVID-19 pandemic is a global challenge but at the same time it creates a unique situation for the advancement of science, scholarly communication and open access (OA). We studied impact of the pandemic and self-isolation on bibliometric indicators: the number and structure of publications in terms of fields of research and OA models.Materials and methods. The study employs original keyword searches and services of WoS CC database and InCites platfom of Clarivate Analytics. It studies the dataset of WoS CC and the COVID-publications retrieved with the keyword searches.Results and discussion. In 2020, we see a dramatic increase in the overall number of COVID-publications and a two-time increase in the number of publications in Social Sciences.The structure of the 2020 publications in terms of OA models indicate the 36 % of WoS CC articles and 87 % of COVID articles in OA. The OA journal articles in a single copy make 20 % of WoS CC publications, the OA articles in multiple copies on the journal platform and in repositories make 60 % of COVID-publications.In 2006, the OA repositories were mainly populated through self-archiving of paywall journal articles, whereas in 2020, the OA journals make the main self-archiving channel. They comprise, respectively, 92 % and 97 % of the input from the WoS CC and COVID datasets.The structure of COVID publications in hybrid and paywall journals has been modified: in 2020, 38 % of articles in those journals were published in hybrid OA. In 2018, that number was 12 %.The proportion of “paywall” articles moved to repositories after the embargo period is low compared to the possibilities for self-archiving provided by publishers.Conclusion. The pandemic of the novel coronavirus changed the bibliometric indicators of COVID publications: the number and structure of the datasets broken by fields of research and OA models. In the next study, we analyse citation impact and usage of COVID-publications.

Introduction. The COVID-19 pandemic creates a unique situation for the advancement of science, scholarly communication and open access (OA). We analyzed the impact of the pandemic on citation metrics and use of scholarly resources.Materials and methods. The study employs original keyword searches and services of WoS CC database and InCites platform of Clarivate Analytics. It studies citation impact of publications in the datasets of WoS CC, Clinical Medicine and COVID-publications retrieved with the keyword searches. We studied OA reference groups in WoS CC classification represented by two subsets of publications with the different number of available copies: Single and Multy. Results and discussion. Citation Impact of COVID-publications in OA reference groups exceeds by 5–10 times Citation Impact of publications in Clinical Medicine and WoS CC. In 2020, the percent of Single and Multy publications varies around 30 % and 70 % in different reference groups. Due to additional citations collected in OA repositories, the Citation Impact of COVID-publications in the Multy subset is 2–7 times higher than that in the Single subset. Repository copies of Multy publications of DOAJ, Bronze, Hybrid reference groups, collect, respectively, 85 %, 56 % и 85 % of citations in Multy subset. The Multy subsets of DOAJ, Bronze, Hybrid reference groups make, respectively, the 76 %, 91 %, 80 % input in average Citation Impact of these groups. The citation patterns of publications of the WoS CC and Clinical Medicine datasets are similar but differ from the citation pattern of COVID-publications.Our study confirmed research hypothesis on increase in use of scholarly resources upon pandemic COVID-19 and self-isolation on the example of resources of OA repositories. The number of visits of repositories in May 2020 exceeds by 2 times the number of visits in May 2019.Conclusion. The pandemic of novel coronavirus resulted in the 10-time increase in Citation Impact of COVID publications as compared with Citation Impact of publications in other fields of research. Citation Impact of the OA COVID-publications in different reference groups is determined by the articles available in OA repositories and depends by their relative share. This can be a reason of different results of studies Open Access Citation Advantage.

Linking identified MPOX cases to care is essential for MPOX control. This study aims to investigate the intentions of healthcare seeking and self-isolation for MPOX among men who have sex with men (MSM) in China. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted in early August 2023 in China. Respondents were recruited by community-based organizations (CBOs), collecting information on demographics, health status, behavioural and psychological characteristics. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the predictors of intentions to seek healthcare and self-isolate for MPOX within the MSM population. A total of 7725 participants were recruited, with a median age of 30 years. 92.21% of the participants would seek healthcare for MPOX-like symptoms, but only 52.50% intended to self-isolate if diagnosed. Intentions to seek healthcare were lower among those with MPOX-like symptoms in the past 3 months (standardized prevalence ratio (SPRs) = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.74-0.89) and the willingness to self-isolate was reduced among those diagnosed with MPOX in the past 3 months (SPRs = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.48-0.87). Participants free of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and those aware of their HIV status were more likely to seek healthcare and self-isolate than those with STIs or unaware of their HIV status. Regular followers of MPOX information and those perceiving a low risk of infection were more inclined to take preventive measures. These findings highlight the need for targeted MPOX prevention strategies for high-risk groups and the importance of addressing barriers in infectious disease prevention response.

The COVID-19 pandemic and its accompanying restrictions, apart from the destructive global economic and social impact, brought negative psychological consequences to the world. The aim of the current study is to investigate the factors that help individuals maintain psychological well-being under the condition of self-isolation, a global restriction against the spread of the pandemic. Specifically, the role of trait emotional intelligence, self-compassion, and rumination was explored in order to determine how these variables relate to psychological wellbeing. According to the results, trait emotional intelligence and self-compassion positively correlate with psychological well-being, while rumination is negatively correlated. Selfcompassion mediates the relationship between emotional intelligence and well-being. The relationship between rumination and well-being is affected by emotional intelligence and selfcompassion: Self-compassion mediates the relationship between depression related rumination and well-being, while self-control and emotionality factors of trait emotional intelligence moderate the relationship between reflection rumination and well-being. The findings of the current study provide insight about self-compassion, rumination, and emotional intelligence as different contributing factors to the individuals' well-being in self-isolation, suggesting further implications about the use of these strategies to help people cope with this stressful situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although Jordan has applied lockdown in response to COVID-19 pandemic, many people were not adherent to the quarantine. We aimed to examine the attitudes of the Jordanians and how these attitudes can predict their adherence using the health belief model (HBM). A cross-sectional study of 5057 participants using an internet-based questionnaire was conducted during lockdown. Multivariable ordinal regression analyses were used to estimate predictors of adherence to home quarantine. Overall, 646 (12.8%), 2078 (41.2%), and 2317 (46%) of participants showed poor, intermediate, and strict adherence, respectively. Of the HBM constructs, seriousness (β= 0.116, 95% CI 0.027 to 0.205), benefits (β= 0.056, 95% CI 0.002 to 0.110) and barriers (β= -0.025, 95% CI -0.035 to -0.015) were significant predictors. We identified income insecurity (β= -0.096, 95% CI -0.144 to -0.046), social withdrawal (β= -0.062, 95% CI -0.121 to -0.004), religious concerns (β= -0.149, 95% CI -0.202 to -0.096) and health consequences (β= 0.065, 95% CI 0.011 to 0.11) as barriers. Governmental instructions were the only predictive external cue (β= 0.055, 95% CI 0.004 to 0.014). Our findings suggest that a high number of Jordanians are adherent with the quarantine, demonstrating the ability of governmental policies in tackling potential barriers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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A share of predictable information about the forthcoming state of a three-sided coin (susceptible—infected—immune) with the regular and random transition times between states is used for assessing the degree of pandemic uncertainty in our model. Unreliable and unsafe vaccines (that do not guarantee absolute immunity) as well as long self-isolation making transition times random increase the degree of pandemic uncertainty, worsening the damaging impact for both society and the economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic has had an unprecedented impact on both national economies and everyday life. Massive lockdowns and a shift towards digital technologies forced people to adapt to technological innovations in their daily routines in a new online format. In this study we identify patterns of change in the population's adoption of and receptiveness to digitalization. The focus is on registering the expansion of digital routines influenced by the coronavirus depending on the place of residence, infrastructure and demographics. The results of a population survey held in August 2020 across all municipalities of the Kaliningrad region of Russia suggest that the magnitude of the pandemic's effect in accelerating digitalization is different for various population types. Most receptive to digital innovations are residents of economically developed municipalities aged 26-40 with higher education having a stable Internet connection at a fair price. The article presents a typology of municipalities on the adoption of and receptiveness to innovation. It is shown that without the established infrastructure, technological, economic, cultural and behavioural basis, the acceleration of digitalization does not occur. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The extent to which citizens comply with newly enacted public health measures such as social distancing or lockdowns strongly affects the propagation of the virus and the number of deaths from COVID-19. It is however very difficult to identify non-compliance through survey research because claiming to follow the rules is socially desirable. Using three survey experiments, we examine the efficacy of different 'face-saving' questions that aim to reduce social desirability in the measurement of compliance with public health measures. Our treatments soften the social norm of compliance by way of a short preamble in combination with a guilty-free answer choice making it easier for respondents to admit non-compliance. We find that self-reported non-compliance increases by up to +11 percentage points when making use of a face-saving question. Considering the current context and the importance of measuring non-compliance, we argue that researchers around the world should adopt our most efficient face-saving question. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. The article examines disorders of the digestive function, diet regimes, appetite in conditions of prolonged self-isolation and quarantine during a coronavirus pandemic. The article analyzes the clinical efficacy and safety of the use of specialized dietary therapeutic and dietary preventive food products in conditions of self-isolation and quarantine.Methods. A survey was conducted of 620 individuals of various ages who were in self-isolation and quarantine from 1 to 1.5 months. All participants were questioned, examined by a gastroenterologist and therapist, biochemical and clinical blood tests, endoscopic examination of the stomach and duodenum, ultrasound of the abdominal organs.Results. A survey of 620 individuals showed that self-isolation / quarantine can lead to changes in diets, dietary patterns, changes in eating habits, the development of a number of symptoms from the gastrointestinal tract and other organs, changes in body weight, and chronicity. a number of previously existing diseases. The use of dietary food leads to an improvement in the antitoxic function of the liver, anti-inflammatory effects, and an improvement in the symptoms of gastrointestinal diseases.Discussion. Clinical and laboratory data make it possible to state the need for the use of specialized dietary products of domestic production in the diet prophylactically in people from risk groups, as well as in patients with various diseases of the gastrointestinal tract both during illness and for the purpose of rehabilitation.Conclusion. Data on the efficacy and safety of dietary food products give reason to recommend them for inclusion in the diets of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, both during illness, in order to prevent complications and improve the effectiveness of treatment and subsequent rehabilitation of patients, as well as for the rehabilitation of individuals, who were in self-isolation and quarantine for a long time.

Background. of the article is determined by the need to study educational processes and the educational environment in the situation of the COVID-19 pandemic in particular. The objective of the study is to analyze the characteristics of the educational environment determined by the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic and the requirements of self-isolation and distance learning, as well as psychological threats to the safety of the educational environment in these new conditions. Design A study of to the security of the educational environment in a pandemic was conducted. These threats were identified in an exploratory study in the first month of the self-isolation regime (April 2020). We analyzed information provided by junior psychology university students (n = 31); teachers (n = 19) and psychologists of Moscow schools (n = 6); schoolchildren – pupils of 5–7 grades (n = 76) and parents of schoolchildren (n = 18). All information was collected remotely, provided on condition of anonymity and voluntariness. Discourse processing was carried out by the method of content analysis and thematic analysis with subsequent expert assessment. The chosen methodological plan of qualitative research allowed the use of individual experiences as indicators of mass consciousness for the analysis of collective states. Results. It was revealed that the current situation created by the COVID-19 pandemic significantly changes the concept of «educational environment». The traditional characteristics of the school educational environment are complemented by factors resulting from the process of “expansion” and “shift” of the educational environment, on the one hand from the school environment to the home environment, and on the other hand from the offline format to the online format. The following new perspectives of the educational environment security defined by the situation of self-isolation are highlighted: distance learning; stay in a home environment, diminishing of direct communication; intensification of communication in the network; forced interaction with the immediate environment; the need to coordinate interaction between teachers and parents; the importance of Internet communication; dynamic processes in the family as in a small group, etc. Situations linked to the dynamics of family and interpersonal relationships, health, the physical environment at home, and the online format of the educational process cause the most important emotions in all participants of the educational process during self-isolation. Conclusions. The program of activities of the educational support service in the school environment should be supplemented with experience and new practices of life in isolation. In a situation of «expanded» educational space and distance learning, educational policy is obliged, while leaving school a priority, to take into account the emergence of new priority subjects in the educational environment that require attention.

This work analyzes verbal features of the media broadcast of the image of Russia in American, British, and Spanish newspaper articles and reveals the most frequent thematic dominants when creating the image of Russia in pandemic conditions in American, English, and Spanish media messages. For 5 months, the topic “COVID-19” is one of the most discussed in the media. Russia faced this problem later than countries such as Great Britain, Spain, and the United States, but on May 24, 2020 Russia moved to the third place in the world in terms of the number of infected. This led to many news reports on the Coronavirus and its consequences for the Russian population. The topicality of the research is determined by continuous increase of popularity of media in modern information space, the importance of the American, British, and Spanish media messages in the course of rendering influence on mass consciousness in the pandemic conditions and the need to identify the most frequent thematic dominants in the process of studying the verbal features of the image of Russia in the situation with Covid-19. The study was based on articles we’ve taken from the modern American, British, and Spanish mass media. The main methods of the study are discourse analysis, lexico-semantic analysis, stylistic analysis, interpretive analysis, reception of a continuous sample from American, British, and Spanish mass media from 03.2020 to 07.2020. Main thematic dominants in American, British, and Spanish media messages during the coronavirus era were identified: the self-isolation regime in Russia, the lifting of restrictions in Moscow in order to hold the Victory parade and vote on amendments to the Constitution, the role of Vladimir Putin in the fight against coronavirus. We have established that the American, British, and Spanish mass media cover all the identified topics, most of which implement mainly negative connotations, creating a negative image of Russia for the readership of the linguistic cultures under consideration.

Abstract Background Self-isolation is an important personal protective measure in inhibiting the transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as people carry out economic and social activities amid its spread. Yet few studies have clarified the actual implementation status of self-isolation during an outbreak. This study aimed to reveal the actual implementation of self-isolation among Japanese workers during the COVID-19 outbreak and the factors inhibiting this measure. Methods This was a cross-sectional study based on an internet survey completed by 1,226 workers (60.0% men) living in 7 prefectures (i.e., Tokyo, Kanagawa, Saitama, Chiba, Ibaraki, Tochigi, and Gunma) who were selected among registrants of an Internet research company, between May 12 and 17, 2020. Participants were asked whether they had experienced fever or other cold symptoms between February 17, 2020 and the date of the survey. Those who responded affirmatively were asked where they had visited (e.g., hospital, work, and shopping for groceries or necessities) to clarify whether they had left the house within 7 days after symptom onset. We performed multivariate logistic regression analysis to clarify the relationship between going to work within 7 days after symptom onset and both sociodemographic factors and employment-related constraints. Results Of the survey participants, 82 had experienced fever or other cold symptoms (6.7%). Among these participants, 51 (62.2%) went to work within 7 days after symptom onset. A mere 17.1% practiced strict self-isolation. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that those living outside the metropolitan area (i.e., Ibaraki, Tochigi, and Gunma), working as a company employee, and being unable to work from home were associated with going to work within 7 days after symptom onset. Conclusions The prevalence of strict self-isolation among participants who experienced cold-like symptoms during the COVID-19 outbreak was extremely low, and 62.2% of these participants went to work within 7 days after symptom onset. This study highlights the need for further public awareness regarding self-isolation and countermeasures against factors that obstruct it.

Abstract Background The province of Ontario, Canada, has instituted indefinite school closures (SC) as well as other social distancing measures to mitigate the impact of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We sought to evaluate the effect of SC on reducing attack rate and the need for critical care during COVID-19 outbreaks, while considering scenarios with concurrent implementation of self-isolation (SI) of symptomatic cases. Methods We developed an age-structured agent-based simulation model and parameterized it with the demographics of Ontario stratified by age and the latest estimates of COVID-19 epidemiologic characteristics. Disease transmission was simulated within and between different age groups by considering inter- and intra-group contact patterns. The effect of SC of varying durations on the overall attack rate, magnitude and peak time of the outbreak, and requirement for intensive care unit (ICU) admission in the population was estimated. Secondly, the effect of concurrent community-based voluntary SI of symptomatic COVID-19 cases was assessed. Results SC reduced attack rates in the range of 7.2–12.7% when the duration of SC increased from 3 to 16 weeks, when contacts among school children were restricted by 60–80%, and in the absence of SI by mildly symptomatic persons. Depending on the scenario, the overall reduction in ICU admissions attributed to SC throughout the outbreak ranged from 3.3 to 6.7%. When SI of mildly symptomatic persons was included and practiced by 20%, the reduction of attack rate and ICU admissions exceeded 6.3% and 9.1% (on average), respectively, in the corresponding scenarios. Conclusion Our results indicate that SC may have limited impact on reducing the burden of COVID-19 without measures to interrupt the chain of transmission during both pre-symptomatic and symptomatic stages. While highlighting the importance of SI, our findings indicate the need for better understanding of the epidemiologic characteristics of emerging diseases on the effectiveness of social distancing measures.

This article discusses theoretical approaches for understanding metaphorically expressed life paths social representations. The results of a longitudinal empirical study of life paths metaphorically expressed social representations of adult group are presenter. In the first half of study, 267 respondents took part, in the second half of study – 37 respondents. During the first stage of this study, the categories of analysis of metaphorical representations were selected on the basis of the essay material of 267 respondents. At the second stage of the study, data of 37 respondents analyzed. Participants with an interval of six months described in the form of metaphors their life path in a normal situation and in a situation of self-isolation. During this study content-analysis of the words that make up the metaphoric representations of life path and life path in self-isolation was performed. Categories of metaphoric representations were picked out, and analysis was performed with the use of these categories. We created next two nuclear-peripheral structures of social representations, expressed metaphorically: life path and life path in self-isolation (in the adult group). Comparative analysis of representations about life path in everyday life and during the period of self-isolation performed, dynamic changes in the structural elements of social representations identified.

As you know, digitalization of many aspects of modern society became relevant in the XX1 century for most developed countries. This process is also typical for the Russian Federation, and it has received a special acceleration during the current period of the COVID-19 pandemic. The Rapid development of digitalization is now taking place in the field of education, where distance learning is becoming one of the Central forms. This impetuosity has created a number of problems, both organizational and psychological, since the real reality has not yet been fully prepared for radical changes in both the teaching methodology and the methods of obtaining knowledge by the student audience. Accordingly, this transformation of such an important social sphere as education requires the efforts of representatives of many scientific disciplines, including philosophers, sociologists, cultural scientists, and psychologists. The latter, in addition to theoretical justifications, conduct a number of empirical studies on the psychological adaptability of young people studying to new conditions. One of them is the proposed study, which is based on the assumption that the level of satisfaction with work in the distance format of students during the period of self-isolation depends a lot on the degree of their subjective well-being. The socio-psychological factors that characterize the subjective well-being of students in this situation include: skills for distance learning, satisfaction with the results of this form of education, maintaining relationship with classmates, and the effectiveness of remote interaction with teachers. The empirical part of the study involved 100 students of student age. It has been revealed that the educational environment with a low level of quality (lack of electronic equipment on self-isolation, necessary for providing distance learning) and uncoordinated contacts with teachers and classmates, can negatively affect some components of satisfaction with distance education of students.

Objective: to reveal the consequences of the transition to total distance education in the Russian higher education under self-isolation caused by the spread of the new coronavirus.Methods: qualitative methods, narrative analysis, in-depth interviews, included observation.Results: the process of transition to distance education with a view to combat the spread of the new coronavirus infection in Russia in 2020 is a unique example of simultaneous implementation of institutional and technological innovations. The analysis of this phenomenon requires using the ideas of institutional and evolutionary economic theory, as well as narrative economics and the Austrian school.To determine the main patterns of emergence and strengthening of institutional traps that arise under self-isolation in the higher education system, the authors analyzed the narratives and in-depth interviews of the main actors. In addition, a certain part of the conclusions is formulated based on the included observation of the authors as typical representatives of the higher education sphere. The conducted research allowed identifying the main patterns of the current total introduction of distance technologies in the Russian higher education. It is stated that institutional and technological evolution can lead to the selection and consolidation of inefficient institutions and technologies under the influence of increasing returns. The widespread introduction of distance education demonstrates its defects. Based on the analysis of the results of in-depth interviews, conclusions about the main institutional problems of the educational process digitalization are formulated. Distance education is not a full-fledged substitute for the traditional education, as it impedes the transfer of implicit knowledge, controland feedback during training, ambiguously influences the costs of educational activities, and does not allow relying on the reliability of information and communication technologies. Transition to distant education can be interpreted as a new stage of evoluton of the institutional trap of electronization and digitalization..Scientific novelty: consists in identifying the qualitative characteristics of the process of implementing total distance education while combating the spread of the new coronavirus infection in Russia.Practical significance: is determined by the need to understand the causes of inefficiency and aggravation of contradictions between different groups of actors in the field of education and science while combating the spread of the new coronavirus infection.

Abstract Background COVID-19 caused by a new form of coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) first appeared in China end of 2019 and quickly spread to all counties of the world. To slow down the spread of the virus and to limit the pressure on the health care systems, different regulations and recommendations have been implemented by authorities, comprising amongst others the closure of all entertainment venues and social distancing. These measures have received mixed reactions, particularly from young individuals, with many not following available advice. Drawing on the information in social media discussion forums, the present study explores the reasons why people ignore the orders and recommendations of the authorities and why the authorities are unable to produce a shared sense of inclusion concerning protective measures against the COVID-19 outbreak. Methods Three open-access social media forums (Reddit, Twitter, and YouTube comments) were systematically searched with respect to COVID-19-related beliefs, attitudes, and behaviours of individuals. The data was retrieved in the first 3 weeks of March 2020. Qualitative document analysis and qualitative content analysis were used as the methodical approach. The data was reviewed by all authors and jointly interpreted to minimise inconsistencies. Results The study reveals that reasons such as information pollution on social media, the persistence of uncertainty about the rapidly spreading virus, the impact of the social environment on the individual, and fear of unemployment associated with inequality in the distribution of income lead people to ignore the orders and recommendations of the authorities. The findings suggest that government representatives and politicians could not produce a shared sense of inclusion concerning protective measures against the COVID-19 outbreak, due to not building trust among the public and taking concrete economic steps to satisfy them. Conclusion In uncertain crises, transparency in the presentation of information and government policies emerge as influential determinants in creating social susceptibility and solidarity. The differences between social classes constitute one of the important factors that affect the decision-making mechanisms of individuals in determining the necessary steps to be undertaken in times of crisis.

On January 31, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the outbreak of a novel coronavirus responsible for an infection termed COVID-19 as a global public health emergency. To slow the spread of the coronavirus, countries around the world have been implementing various measures, including school and institutional closures, lockdown and targeted quarantine for suspected infected individuals. More than a third of the world’s population have been home confined less than 4 months after the start of the outbreak. The present article aims to advise healthy individuals and athletes who are in lockdown regarding their lifestyle in order to keep healthy, safe and fit. The advice contained in the present article could apply to anyone aiming at remaining in good physical and mental health while forced to undergo lockdown, quarantine, or limited movement (movement control order). Boosting the immune system is crucial during such periods for confined people and especially for confined athletes. Specific recommendations must be followed concerning boosting the immune system through physiological and psychological management. This article analyses the available scientific evidence in order to recommend a practical approach, focusing on nutrition, intermittent fasting or caloric restriction, vitamin D insufficiency, sleep pattern, exercise, and psychodynamic aspects as factors impacting the immune system and human health in general.

Going by the current physical reach of the COVID-19 pandemic in the population there are bound to be long-term socio-economic and psychological implications. The swift rise of fear and anxiety among people due to uncertainty of the disease are coupled with essential yet socially disruptive measures like lockdowns and quarantines. These can lead to significant psychological and psychiatric disturbances such as post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety, panic disorders, and behavioural disorders. Predisposing factors include staying away from family, loneliness, misinformation on social media, financial insecurity and stigmatization. Healthcare workers, too, have a high risk of developing post-traumatic stress disorder and burnout; therefore, it is paramount to understand and research the psychological impact and key determinants to prevent, identify, and manage such problems. Suggested actions include support lines for anxious people, tele-counselling, virtual connecting & help groups, encouraging meditation, conducting research on psychological consequences, and developing and utilising suitable interventions.

Рассмотрен вопрос организации и реализации дистанционного обучения в высших учебных заведениях в период самоизоляции и карантина, установленных во многих странах в связи с распространением новой короновирусной инфекции. Приведены примеры основных проблем и тенденций, выявленных социологическими опросами преподавателей и студентов вузов, проведенными в России и за рубежом. Описаны результаты онлайн-опроса преподавателей и студентов Томского государственного педагогического университета, проведенного в весеннем семестре 2020 г. Определены возможные направления вуза по работе с цифровыми технологиями в образовании и внедрении успешных кейсов и практик.

The emergence of the novel COVID-19 has made pandemic preparedness a crucial issue for public health worldwide. A little is known about people behaviour in a pandemic situation. Such knowledge is however critical. Understanding the associated psychological and behavioural responses is vital for future intervention development. During the period of Lockdown Stage, from 25th March to 14th April 2020 in India, a survey was conducted among 700 people in Delhi NCR and Haryana state, to explore changes in their psychological and behavioural responses to the COVID-19 virus epidemic based on Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) which distinguishes two phases, namely a threat appraisal and a coping appraisal is applied . Further infected people should be isolated to minimize the spread of pandemic diseases. Therefore, the factors related to self-isolation (SI) should not be neglected, and it is important to investigate the factors leading the infected (or possibly infected) people to choose to self-isolate. For this purpose, the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) is used for providing conceptual framework for SI when facing a pandemic risk and a regression method is applied to investigate how attitude (ATT), subjective norms (SN), and perceived behavioural control (PBC) influence SI when facing a pandemic emergency. The results of this study provide relevant information that promotes theoretical understanding of psychological and behavioural intentions of people and enables us to shape future intervention development.