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52 results on '"salivary stones"'

51. Sialolithiasis: mineralogical composition, crystalline structure, calculus site, and epidemiological features

Author

Sánchez Barrueco, Alvaro, López-Acevedo Cornejo, María Victoria, Alcalá Rueda, Ignacio, López De Andrés, María Sol, González Galán, Fernando, Díaz Tapia, Gonzalo, Mahillo Fernández, Ignacio, Cenjor Español, Carlos, Villacampa Aubá, José Miguel, Sánchez Barrueco, Alvaro, López-Acevedo Cornejo, María Victoria, Alcalá Rueda, Ignacio, López De Andrés, María Sol, González Galán, Fernando, Díaz Tapia, Gonzalo, Mahillo Fernández, Ignacio, Cenjor Español, Carlos, and Villacampa Aubá, José Miguel

Abstract

The purpose of this paper was to describe the characteristics of salivary calculi and their relationship to epidemiological factors, through a cross-sectional study. We analysed 100 calculi obtained in 2017–2021. Patient data including age, time since onset of symptoms, gland involved, and site of location in the salivary system were studied. The calculi were studied to determine their morphological features using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive plain radiographic analysis. Most of the calculi had formed in the submandibular gland (SG) (82%). The mean age of patients at onset was 45.83 years; patients presenting parotid gland (PG) stones were somewhat older (p = 0.031). The mean time since the onset of symptoms was longer in PG calculi (p = 0.038). The most common lithiasis site was the main duct (74%), followed by the hilum (22%). Hilar stones were the largest (p < 0.05) and heaviest (p = 0.028). Octacalcium phosphate (OCP) was the most common crystalline phase (Cp) founded, followed by hydroxyapatite (HA) and whitlockite (WH). Specifically, OCP had a higher presence in PG calculi (p = 0.029) and WH was the most common phase in SG calculi (p = 0.017). The most prevalent site of lithiasis was the main duct, and the largest and heaviest calculi were found in the SG. PG stones were associated with a longer history of symptoms and older age. OCP was the most frequent Cp of the calculi studied, and the main Cp in PG stones. WH was the predominant Cp in SG stones. The Cp of the calculi was not influenced by location, patient age, or time of symptoms., Depto. de Mineralogía y Petrología, Fac. de Ciencias Geológicas, TRUE, pub

52. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Promote the Development and Growth of Human Salivary Stones

Author

Michael Scholz, Irmgard Herrmann, Michael Koch, Daniela Weidner, Jasmin Knopf, Christoph Alexiou, Martin Herrmann, Stefan Wirtz, Aparna Mahajan, Heinrich Iro, Anika Grüneboom, Georg Schett, Jeeshan Singh, Moritz Leppkes, Mirco Schapher, Christine Schauer, and Luis E. Muñoz

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, Pathology, Neutrophils, Neutrophil granulocyte, salivary glands, Gene Expression, Extracellular Traps, Cohort Studies, 0302 clinical medicine, Lithotripsy, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, 030223 otorhinolaryngology, lcsh:QH301-705.5, Ultrasonography, education.field_of_study, medicine.diagnostic_test, Salivary gland, Chemistry, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.anatomical_structure, stone growth, Immunohistochemistry, Female, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Population, neutrophil extracellular traps, Immunofluorescence, Sialadenitis, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, stone development, lithogenesis, medicine, Humans, ddc:610, education, Salivary Gland Calculi, sialolithiasis, salivary stones, Efferent ducts, Neutrophil extracellular traps, DNA, X-Ray Microtomography, medicine.disease, 030104 developmental biology, lcsh:Biology (General), Calcium, Leukocyte Elastase, Biomarkers
Abstract

Salivary gland stones, or sialoliths, are the most common cause of the obstruction of salivary glands. The mechanism behind the formation of sialoliths has been elusive. Symptomatic sialolithiasis has a prevalence of 0.45% in the general population, is characterized by recurrent painful periprandial swelling of the affected gland, and often results in sialadenitis with the need for surgical intervention. Here, we show by the use of immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, computed tomography (CT) scans and reconstructions, special dye techniques, bacterial genotyping, and enzyme activity analyses that neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) initiate the formation and growth of sialoliths in humans. The deposition of neutrophil granulocyte extracellular DNA around small crystals results in the dense aggregation of the latter, and the subsequent mineralization creates alternating layers of dense mineral, which are predominantly calcium salt deposits and DNA. The further agglomeration and appositional growth of these structures promotes the development of macroscopic sialoliths that finally occlude the efferent ducts of the salivary glands, causing clinical symptoms and salivary gland dysfunction. These findings provide an entirely novel insight into the mechanism of sialolithogenesis, in which an immune system-mediated response essentially participates in the physicochemical process of concrement formation and growth.

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