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Abstract Background Desirable molar distalization by bodily movement is challenging and can be difficult to achieve. This study investigated changes in molar angulation (mesiodistal tipping), molar inclination (buccolingual torque) and rotation during distalization using clear aligner therapy (CAT). Materials and methods This retrospective study included 38 cone beam computed tomographic images (CBCTs) taken for patients treated with molar distalization using CAT. The study evaluated pre- (T0) and post-treatment (T1) CBCTs of 19 adult patients (36.68 ± 13.50 years) who underwent maxillary molar distalization using Invisalign® aligners (Align Technology, Inc., San José, CA, USA) with a minimum of 2 mm distalization. Changes in maxillary molar tip, torque and rotation were measured for 61 molars (183 roots). Paired t-test was used to evaluate the differences between pre- and post-treatment readings. The level of significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. The reproducibility of measurements was assessed by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Results Molar angulation did not show significant change after distalization (p = 0.158) however, there was significant increase in buccal molar inclination (p = 0.034) and mesiobuccal molar rotation (p

Calculation method for ankle joint biomechanical characteristics is developed: gear relation, ankle joint rigidity, foot inertia moment. The basis of research is the experimental data on flexion-extension-rotation movement of ankle joint and foot walking reaction obtained in the laboratory of kinesiology and biomechanics of the Tartu University, Estonia. Conservation principles of angular momentum were used for foot inertia moments calculation. Angular momentum was calculated according to foot reaction and further estimation of reactive force impulse data. The free transfer dynamics method (FTD-method) was suggested that allowed assessing ankle joint rigidity. Ankle joint gear relation has been calculated for the first time. Foot inertia moments in reference to two ankle joint axes have been calculated on the basis of foot reaction experimental data and angular movement markers data. Experimental data in the phases of foot transfer with further foot movement modeling in this phases have been used in order to assess ankle joint rigidity. Practical relevance of this research is defined by the perspective of further researches and experiments, for example, with the usage of inertial sensors for personalized walk data assessment for patients with remote condition monitoring and information transfer to rehabilitation centers. The given assessments of angle joint rigidity are useful for biomechatronic systems engineering.

Abstract The purpose of the current study is to establish a novel mathematical model in the p-waves in a photothermal semiconducting medium with an internal heat source. The fundamental equations in the context of isotropic and homogeneous medium have been presented. For the solution of the required problem, the normal mode analysis along with the displacement components, stress components and temperature has been utilized. For graphical representation of different physical quantities such as displacement components, stress components and carrier density as well as the temperature distribution. Using MATLAB R2023a software, a parametric analysis is performed, and the resulting data is represented graphically. A comparison is made to show the effect of the new parameters on the phenomenon. A graphic representation of the relationship between rotation, magnetic field, and initial stress in relation to the fluctuations in non-dimensional field quantities is provided, along with an analysis of the findings.

Maize (Zea mays L.), as a cornerstone crop, is integral to both livestock feed and human nutrition. However, the effects of long-term manure application on maize yield, micronutrient levels, and nutritional quality under a maize-soybean rotation system have not been fully elucidated. This study investigates the impact of long-term manure application on maize yield, the micronutrients content of grains, and grain nutritional quality in a maize-soybean rotation. Our results indicate that consistent manure application significantly enhances maize yield. Compared to the long-term chemical fertilizers only, the addition of manure increased the Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn concentrations of the grains. In addition, the highest grain protein concentration was observed when treated with manure. Concentrations of protein fractions such as globulins, gliadins, and glutenins were found to be higher with a low manure application (13.5 t ha−1) compared to high manure application (27 t ha−1). The optimum increments in essential amino acids (EAA) and the ratios of essential to nonessential amino acids (EAA/NAA) was observed under low manure addition treatment. Collectively, incorporating manure into a long-term maize-soybean crop rotation not only escalates yields but also critically enhances the nutritional profile of maize grains through an increase in micronutrients and by promoting balance of proteins and amino acids within the grain. In the long run, low manure addition is more conducive to improving the nutritional quality of grains under crop rotation systems.

The combined effect of second sound and the viscoelasticity is examined using the classical stability analysis on the onset of rotating porous medium ferroconvection. Local thermal equilibrium is assumed between the solid matrix and fluid. Present problem is examined by an analytical approach by considering the pertinent boundary conditions. Normal mode analysis technique is utilized for obtaining the critical values for both instabilities namely stationary and oscillatory. We noticed that the oscillatory mode of instability is favored over the stationary mode of instability. We found that magnetic forces, second sound, nonlinearity in magnetization, Vadasz number, stress relaxation due to viscoelasticity and Taylor-Darcy number are in favour of advancing oscillatory porous medium ferroconvection whereas strain retardation postpone the outset of oscillatory porous medium ferroconvection. Convection cell size effects by different parameters and the oscillation’s frequency are also noted. This problem shall have significant feasible technological applications wherein viscoelastic magnetic fluids are involved.

Background: Generation and regulation (control) of linear and angular momentum is a challenge during turning while walking which may be exacerbated by age-related changes. In healthy older adults, little is known about how momentum is controlled during turns, especially within each phase of gait. Each phase of gait affords unique mechanical contexts to control momenta and regulate balance. In healthy young adults, we found that the transverse-plane linear and angular momenta generation strategies observed within specific phases of gait during straight-line gait were also used during turns. Therefore, in this study, we investigated whether healthy older adults shared similar momentum control strategies specific to each gait phase during straight-line gait and turns. Methods: Nine healthy older adults completed straight-line gait and 90° leftward walking turns. We compared the change in transverse-plane whole-body linear and angular momentum across gait phases (left and right single and double support). We also compared the average leftward force and transverse-plane moment across gait phases. Results: We found that leftward linear momentum was generated most during right single support in straight-line gait and leftward turns. However, in contrast to straight-line gait, during leftward turns, average leftward force was applied across gait phases, with left single support generating significantly less leftward average force than other gait phases. Leftward angular momentum generation and average moment were greatest during left double support in both tasks. We observed some within-participant results that diverged from the group statistical findings, illustrating that although they are common, these momenta control strategies are not necessary. Conclusions: Older adults generated transverse-plane linear and angular momentum during consistent phases of gait during straight-line gait and 90° turns, potentially indicating a shared control strategy. Understanding momentum control within each phase of gait can help design more specific targets in gait and balance training interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corn-soybean rotation is a cropping pattern to optimize crop structure and improve resource use efficiency, and nitrogen (N) fertilizer application is an indispensable tool to increase corn yields. However, the effects of N fertilizer application levels on corn yield and soil N storage under corn-soybean rotation have not been systematically studied. The experimental located in the central part of the Songnen Plain, a split-zone experimental design was used with two planting patterns of continuous corn (CC) and corn-soybean rotations (RC) in the main zone and three N application rates of 0, 180, and 360 kg hm-2 of urea in the secondary zone. The research has shown that RC treatments can enhance plant growth and increase corn yield by 4.76% to 79.92% compared to CC treatments. The amount of N fertilizer applied has a negative correlation with yield increase range, and N application above 180 kg hm-2 has a significantly lower effect on corn yield increase. Therefore, a reduction in N fertilizer application may be appropriate. RC increased soil N storage by improving soil N-transforming enzyme activity, improving soil N content and the proportion of soil organic N fractions. Additionally, it can improve plant N use efficiency by 1.4%-5.6%. Soybeans grown in corn-soybean rotations systems have the potential to replace more than 180 kg hm-2 of urea application. Corn-soybean rotation with low N inputs is an efficient and sustainable agricultural strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of rotary files and other endodontic instrument techniques have revolutionised treatment by enhancing canal preparation and producing rounder, smoother canals that are constructed of Nickel-Titanium (NiTi) alloy. There are two types of movements in these instruments: rotary continuous and reciprocating. Rotary continuous movements involve torsion and flexion, and can cause instrument fractures. An alternative approach to avoid the issue is proposed, which involves reciprocating movement. The present literature review compares the incidence of dentinal crack formation in root canal walls when using stainless steel and NiTi rotary systems. It highlights the potential complications, such as tooth fracture and increased bacterial susceptibility due to contact between instruments and dentinal walls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the Sun and solar-type stars, there is a critical dynamo number for the operation of a large-scale dynamo, below which the dynamo ceases to operate. This region is known as the subcritical region. Previous studies showed the possibility of operating the solar-like large-scale (global) dynamo in the subcritical region without a small-scale dynamo. As in the solar convection zone, both large- and small-scale dynamos are expected to operate at the same time and location, we check the robustness of the previously identified subcritical dynamo branch in a numerical model in which both large- and small-scale dynamos are excited. For this, we use the Pencil Code and set up an α Ω dynamo model with uniform shear and helically forced turbulence. We have performed a few sets of simulations at different relative helicity to explore the generation of large-scale oscillatory fields in the presence of small-scale dynamo. We find that in some parameter regimes, the dynamo shows hysteresis behavior, i.e., two dynamo solutions are possible depending on the initial parameters used. A decaying solution when the dynamo was started with a weak field and a strong oscillatory solution if the dynamo was initialized with a strong field. Thus, the existence of the sub-critical branch of the large-scale dynamo in the presence of small-scale dynamo is established. However, the regime of hysteresis is quite narrow with respect to the case without the small-scale dynamo. Our work supports the possible existence of large-scale dynamo in the sub-critical regime of slowly rotating stars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low crop diversification in highly productive areas has led to declines in total organic carbon (TOC) in soil, essential nutrients for plant’s growth and microbial diversity/activity. This could have an impact on the movement of water in the soil profile and, consequently, on the production of crops. To address these challenges there is growing support for crops intensification, which involves increasing the number/variety of crops throughout the year. The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of crop intensification on the initial infiltration of water in the upper layer of the soil profile and the activity/abundance of soil microorganisms involved in the turnover of TOC and phosphorus (P). Three crop regimes were assessed in a long-term experiment established in the southeast of the Argentinean Pampas: without intensification (Monocrop: soybean), intensified (Cover crop: CC [oat]/soybean) and Rotation (CC [oat]/soybean-corn-wheat). Soil in the Monocrop regime exhibited the highest sorptivity values and a lower TOC, suggesting a higher initial rate of water entry into the profile, which could break down soil aggregates. Under rotation, the highest infiltration rate was recorded, which would guarantee more water flow into the profile. Intensified soils showed the highest total glomalin content and root colonization with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), which are known to contribute to plant nutrient uptake and growth and soil aggregate stability. Trichoderma abundance and their P-solubilizing capacity were also higher under Rotation, which could favor AMF activity. Correlation analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between sorptivity and glomalin under Rotation. Our study suggests that soils from the Argentinean south-eastern Humid Pampas under crop intensification promote soil water storage and maintenance of soil structure in the upper layers compared to Monocrop, which could be attributed —at least in part— to a greater microbiological activity and TOC content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The septocolumellar sutures are very helpful to obtain planned rotation and projection. The goal of this study is to revitalize the septocolumellar techniques described before and present an easy new classification for these sutures, and to present their multiple uses on the same patient as a new option for surgeons. Eighty patients were involved in this retrospective study. All the patients were females except one. A detailed preoperative preparation was performed on all patients by following the principles of precision profileplasty. In this study, five main types of septocolumellar sutures were used. Type 4 septocolumellar suture was used in 39 cases, type 3 in 33, type 2 in 22, type 1 in 5, and type 5 in 2 cases. In 21 cases, more than one suture was used. In conclusion, the new practical classification presented in this study gives the surgeon powerful tools to reshape the tip during surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Clinicians regularly prescribe opioids to manage acute and chronic cancer pain, frequently to address acute postoperative pain, and occasionally to manage chronic non-cancer pain. Clinical efficacy may be suboptimal in some patients due to side effects and/or poor response, and opioid rotation/switching (conversions) is frequently necessary. Despite the widespread practice, opioid conversion ratios are inconsistent between clinicians, practices, and countries. Therefore, we performed a scoping systematic review of opioid conversion studies to inform an international eDelphi guideline. Methods: To ensure a comprehensive review, we conducted a systematic search across multiple databases (OVID Medline, PsycINFO, Embase, EBM-Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and Registered Trials, LILACS, IMEMR, AIM, WPRIM) using studies published up to June 2022. Additionally, we performed hand and Google Scholar searches to verify the completeness of our findings. Our inclusion criteria encompassed randomized and non-randomized studies with no age limit, with only a few pediatric studies identified. We included studies on cancer, non-cancer, acute, and chronic pain. The level and grade of evidence were determined based on the Multinational Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC) criteria. Results: Our search yielded 21,118 abstracts, including 140 randomized (RCT) and 68 non-randomized (NRCT) clinical trials. We compared these results with recently published conversion ratios. Modest correlations were noted between published reviews and the present scoping systematic review. Conclusion: The present scoping systematic review found low-quality evidence to support an opioid conversion guideline. We will use these data, including conversion ratios and type and route of administration, to inform an eDelphi guideline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Superfluid helium confined to nanofluidic systems is emerging as an important system for studies of two-dimensional turbulence and as the basis for novel quantum technologies. In fully enclosed nanofluidic geometries, only the fourth sound can propagate, which we show can be used for probing quantized vortices pinned in well-defined slab geometry. We show that similarly to well-established second sound attenuation, fourth sound attenuation can be used to infer the number of quantized vortices in a unit area. We experimentally verify fourth sound attenuation as a probe of vortex line density by injecting a known number of quantized vortices into a nanofluidic slab using a rotating cryostat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This letter considers the possibility of using the optical trap to study the structure and function of the microbial flagellum. The structure of the flagellum of a typical gram-negative bacterium is described in brief. A standard mathematical model based on the principle of superposition is used to describe the movement of an ellipsoidal microbial cell in a liquid medium. The basic principles of optical trapping based on the combined action of the light pressure and the gradient force are briefly clarified. Several problems related to thermal damage of living microscopic objects when the latter gets to the focus of a laser beam are shortly discussed. It is shown that the probability of cell damage depends nonlinearly on the wavelength of laser radiation. Finally, the model systems that would make it possible to study flagella of the free bacteria and the ones anchored or tethered on the surface of a solid material are discussed in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Numerous impellers are placed in line on the same shaft in a multistage centrifugal pump, comprising an impeller, diffuser, and return channel. The design of a two‐stage multistage centrifugal pump according to the specifications given in the literature was created using Creo Parametric software and validated by carrying out a numerical simulation of the first‐stage centrifugal pump by varying the number of blades and impeller speed and concluding that the pump with 7 blades and 1900 rpm rotation gives the best efficiency and head by comparing the obtained results to experimental ones. ANSYS Fluent 2022R1 was used for simulation. The optimal solutions from the first stage were used to analyze the second stage. It was observed that losses in the diffuser of the 1st stage and 2nd stage are almost the same, but head losses in the return passage of the 1st stage and 2nd stage have differences of 19.99%, 28.5%, and 23.59% for 5, 6, and 7 blades, respectively. The findings show that the multistage simulation could more accurately mirror the actual flow than the two‐stage simulation, but it also had more demanding computer configuration requirements. A two‐stage simulation is a good option for estimating pump performance because it balances computation time and numerical precision better. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThis paper investigates the propagation of guided waves in a high-speed rotating concrete shell reinforced with graphene oxide powders (GOP) using higher-order shear deformation theory (HSDT). The study addresses the complexities introduced by initial hoop tension and provides a comprehensive analytical solution procedure. Concrete shells are widely used in various engineering applications due to their robustness and durability; however, their mechanical performance can be significantly enhanced by the incorporation of GOP, which improves the material properties, such as tensile strength and modulus of elasticity. The analysis begins with the formulation of the governing equations based on HSDT, which accurately captures the effects of transverse shear deformation and rotary inertia, crucial for high-speed rotating structures. The presence of initial hoop tension, resulting from the centrifugal forces in the rotating shell, is integrated into the model to reflect real-world conditions. The modified equations are then solved analytically to obtain the dispersion relations for the guided wave modes. The results reveal that the inclusion of GOP significantly alters the wave propagation characteristics, enhancing the shell’s ability to transmit high-frequency waves with minimal attenuation. The initial hoop tension is found to shift the frequencies of the guided wave modes, indicating a coupling effect between the mechanical loading and wave propagation. This study provides valuable insights into the dynamic behavior of reinforced concrete shells in high-speed rotational environments, offering a potential pathway for the design of advanced structural components in aerospace, automotive, and civil engineering applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The displacement and rotation of the Kirschner wire (K-wire) in the traditional tension band wiring (TBW) led to a high rate of postoperative complications. The anti-rotation tension band wiring (ARTBW) could address these issues and achieve satisfactory clinical outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the biomechanical performance of the ARTBW in treating transverse patellar fracture compared to traditional TBW using finite element analysis (FEA) and mechanical testing. Methods: We conducted a FEA to evaluate the biomechanical performance of traditional TBW and ARTBW at knee flexion angles of 20°, 45°, and 90°. Furthermore, we compared the mechanical properties under a 45° knee flexion through static tensile tests and dynamic fatigue testing. The K-wire pull-out test was also conducted to evaluate the bonding strength between K-wires and cancellous bone of two surgical approaches. Results: The outcome of FEA demonstrated the compression force on the articular surface of ARTBW was 28.11%, 27.32%, and 52.86% higher than traditional TBW at knee flexion angles of 20°, 45°, and 90°, respectively. In mechanical testing, the mechanical properties of ARTBW were similar to the traditional TBW. In the K-wire pull-out test, the pull-out strength of ARTBW was significantly greater than the traditional TBW (111.58 ± 2.38 N vs. 64.71 ± 4.22 N, P < 0.001). Conclusions: The ARTBW retained the advantages of traditional TBW, and achieved greater compression force of articular surface, and greater pull-out strength of K-wires. Moreover, ARTBW effectively avoided the rotation of the K-wires. Therefore, ARTBW demonstrates potential as a promising technique for treating patellar fractures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This manuscript addresses a significant research gap in the study by employing a mathematical model of photo thermoelastic wave propagation in a rotator semiconductor medium under the effect of a magnetic field and initial stress, as well as ramp-type heating. The considered model is formulated during the photothermal theory and in two-dimensional (2D) electronic-elastic deformation. The governing equations represent the interaction between the primary physical parameters throughout the process of photothermal transfer. Computational simulations are performed to determine the temperature, carrier density, displacement components, normal stress, and shear stress using the application of Lame's potential and normal mode analysis. Numerical calculations are carried out and graphically displayed for an isotropic semiconductor like silicon (Si) material. Furthermore, comparisons are made with the previous results obtained by the others, as well as in the presence and absence of magnetic field, rotation, and initial stress. The obtained results illustrate that the rotation, initial stress, magnetic field, and ramp-type heating parameter all have significant effects. This investigation provides valuable insights into the synergistic dynamics among a magnetization constituent, semiconducture structures, and wave propagation, enabling advancements in nuclear reactors' construction, operation, electrical circuits, and solar cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Desirable molar distalization by bodily movement is challenging and can be difficult to achieve. This study investigated changes in molar angulation (mesiodistal tipping), molar inclination (buccolingual torque) and rotation during distalization using clear aligner therapy (CAT). Materials and methods: This retrospective study included 38 cone beam computed tomographic images (CBCTs) taken for patients treated with molar distalization using CAT. The study evaluated pre- (T0) and post-treatment (T1) CBCTs of 19 adult patients (36.68 ± 13.50 years) who underwent maxillary molar distalization using Invisalign® aligners (Align Technology, Inc., San José, CA, USA) with a minimum of 2 mm distalization. Changes in maxillary molar tip, torque and rotation were measured for 61 molars (183 roots). Paired t-test was used to evaluate the differences between pre- and post-treatment readings. The level of significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. The reproducibility of measurements was assessed by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Results: Molar angulation did not show significant change after distalization (p = 0.158) however, there was significant increase in buccal molar inclination (p = 0.034) and mesiobuccal molar rotation (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Molar distalization of 2 mm did not cause significant molar tipping. Maxillary molars showed significant buccal inclination (increased torque) and mesiobuccal rotation after distalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Growing perennial grasses is often cited as one of the possible and most affordable solutions for mitigating climate change. This practice is also recommended for sustainable soil management in agriculture. Our experiment involved timothy grass (Phleum pratense L.), red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), and their mixture; tall oat grass (Arrhenatherum elatius L.), alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), and their mixture, with the aim of diversifying the annual rotation; and periodical, twice-per-season cultivated plots in the same area (the bare soil fallow). Soil samples were collected in late October after plant vegetation's first, second, and third growth years from three field replicates at the soil layers 0–0.1 m, 0.1–0.2 m, and 0.2–0.3 m and plant roots—at the beginning of November in the second cultivation year. After three years, the SOC content increased in all the study areas occupied by plants, regardless of their species composition, while it decreased in fallow plots. Grass roots were characterized by the highest C/N ratio (38.2 and 45.5). The roots of the red clover–timothy grass mixture also reached a C/N ratio greater than 30. Based on our research, choosing a combination of at least two plants, such as legumes and grasses, is possibly more effective for enriching the soil with carbon compounds in a short period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current research identify the disturbances in a rotating two-dimensional nonhomogeneous, orthotropic thermoelastic solid half-space with gravity field in the context of Green and Lindsay (G-L) theory. A mechanical source is acting on the surface of the half-space. It is presumed that the mechanical and thermal properties are varying in the x-direction. With the application of normal mode analysis, different field variables are obtained in the physical domain. These field variables are also computed numerically with the help of MATLAB programming. Some collations are made to delineate the effects of anisotropy, non-homogeneity, gravity and rotation parameters on the physical fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of the current manuscript is to investigate the reflection of plane waves in a rotating, two-dimensional homogeneous, initially stressed, nonlocal orthotropic thermoelastic solid half-space based on dual-phase-lag model. Design/methodology/approach: The reflection phenomenon has been utilized to study the effects of initial stress, rotation and nonlocal parameter on the amplitude ratios. During the reflection phenomenon three coupled waves, namely quasi displacement primary wave (qP), quasi thermal wave (qT) and quasi displacement secondary wave (qSV) have been observed in the medium, propagating with distinct velocities. After imposing the suitable boundary conditions, amplitude and energy ratios of the reflected waves are obtained in explicit form. Findings: With the support of MATLAB programming, the amplitude ratios and energy ratios are plotted graphically to display the effects of rotation, initial stress and nonlocal parameters. Moreover, the impact of anisotropy and phase lags is also observed on the reflection coefficients of the propagating waves. Originality/value: In the current work, we have considered rotation and nonlocality parameters in an initially stressed orthotropic thermoelastic half-space, which is lacking in the published literature in this field. The introduction of these parameters in a nonlocal orthotropic thermoelastic medium provides a more realistic model for these studies. The present work is valuable for the analysis of orthotropic thermoelastic problems involving rotation, initial stress and nonlocality parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The fit and optical performance of a scleral lens is affected by the alignment of the landing zone with the underlying ocular surface. The aim of this research was to quantify the effect of landing zone toricity upon scleral lens fitting characteristics (rotation and decentration) and optics (lens flexure) during short‐term wear. Methods: Scleral lenses with nominal landing zone toricities of 0, 100, 150 and 200 μm were worn in a randomised order by 10 young healthy participants (mean [SD] 24 [7] years) for 30 min, with other lens parameters held constant. Scleral toricity was quantified using a corneo‐scleral profilometer, and lens flexure, rotation, and decentration were quantified using over‐topography during lens wear. Repeated measures analyses were conducted as a function of landing zone toricity and residual scleral toricity (the difference between scleral and lens toricity) for eyes with 'low' magnitude scleral toricity (mean: 96 μm) and 'high' magnitude scleral toricity (mean: 319 μm). Results: Toric landing zones significantly reduced lens flexure (by 0.37 [0.21] D, p < 0.05) and lens rotation (by 20 [24]°, p < 0.05) compared with a spherical landing zone. Horizontal and vertical lens decentration did not vary significantly with landing zone toricity. These trends for flexure, rotation, and decentration were also observed for eyes with 'low' and 'high' magnitude scleral toricity as a function of residual scleral toricity. Conclusion: Landing zones with 100–200 μm toricity significantly reduced lens flexure (by ~62%) and rotation (by ~77%) but not horizontal or vertical lens decentration, compared with a spherical landing zone, when controlling for other confounding variables. The incorporation of a toric landing zone, even for eyes with lower magnitude scleral toricity (~100 μm), may be beneficial, particularly for front surface optical designs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are concerns as to the reliability of proximal humerus radiographic measurements, particularly regarding the rotational position of the humerus when obtaining radiographs. Twenty-four patients with proximal humerus fractures fixed surgically with locked plates received postoperative anteroposterior radiographs with the humerus in neutral rotation and in 30° of internal and external rotation. Radiographic measurements for head shaft angle, humeral offset and humeral head height were performed in each humeral rotation position. Intra-class correlation coefficient was used to assess inter-rater and intra-rater reliability. Mean differences (md) in measurements between humeral positions was evaluated using one-way ANOVA. Head shaft angle demonstrated good-to-excellent reliability; the highest estimates for inter-rater reliability (ICC: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.76, 0.94) and intra-rater reliability (ICC: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.93, 0.98) were achieved in neutral rotation. There were significant differences in measurement values between each rotational position, with mean head shaft angle of 133.1° in external rotation, and increasingly valgus measurements in neutral (md: 7.6°; 95% CI: 5.0, 10.3°; p < 0.001) and internal rotation (md: 26.4°; 95% CI: 21.8, 30.9°; p < 0.001). Humeral head height and humeral offset showed good-to-excellent reliability in neutral and external rotation, but poor inter-rater reliability in internal rotation. Humeral head height was significantly greater using internal compared to external rotation (md: 4.5 mm; 95% CI: 1.7, 7.3 mm; p = 0.002). Humeral offset was significantly greater in external compared to internal rotation (md: 4.6 mm; 95% CI: 2.6, 6.6 mm; p < 0.001). Views of the humerus in neutral rotation and 30° of external rotation displayed superior reliability. Differences in radiographic measurement values, depending on humeral rotation views, can make for problematic correlations with patient outcome measures. Studies assessing radiographic outcomes following proximal humerus fractures should ensure standardized humeral rotation for obtaining anteroposterior shoulder radiographs, with neutral rotation and external rotation views likely yielding the most reliable results. Level IV [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this empirical investigation is to explore the behavior of different waves reflected in a homogenous isotropic double porous structured micropolar thermoelastic medium with rotation and temperature‐dependent characteristics. Three‐phase‐lag theory of thermoelasticity is adopted to acquire the governing equations of the model. Six coupled plane waves have been found to propagate across the medium at distinct velocities. Derivation for energy and amplitude ratios of reflected waves were carried out by employing appropriate boundary conditions. For different angles of incidence, the outcomes for energy partition were determined numerically and displayed graphically. It is found that amplitude ratios associated with various reflected waves are affected by angular velocity, temperature‐dependent properties, micropolar parameter, and double porosity. Also, it has been discovered that throughout the reflection phenomena there is no dissipation of energy. Furthermore, this study concludes with a summary of the findings and subsequent observations. The current investigation has yielded inferences regarding specific cases that are of particular interest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we provide a detailed topological and measure-theoretic study of Lebesgue measure-preserving continuous circle maps that are composed with independent rotations on each of the sides. In particular, we analyze the stability of the locally eventually onto and measure-theoretic mixing properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electrothermoconvection in a rotating dielectric fluid layer heated from below (or above) is studied analytically using linear stability theory. First, we derive the necessary conditions for oscillatory motion when the fluid layer is heated from below and from above. Then as a consequence, sufficient conditions for the validity of the exchange principle are derived for the two configurations in terms of the parameters of the systems alone. The results hold for free boundaries for all wave numbers and for rigid boundaries with some restrictions. Further, the results for electrothermoconvection without rotation, rotatory Rayleigh–Bénard convection and Rayleigh–Bénard convection are also obtained as special cases which validate the existing results. To the best of author's knowledge such results are not reported in the literature as far as the domain of electrothermoconvection studies is concerned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work presents nonlinear and linear analyses of the rotating Navier–Stokes–Voigt fluid layer that is simultaneously heated and soluted from below, considering different boundary surfaces. The energy method is used to form the eigenvalue problem for nonlinear analysis, whereas the normal mode analysis is used for the linear analysis. The Rayleigh number is numerically calculated by employing the Galerkin technique. Both nonlinear and linear analyses yield the same Rayleigh number, indicating the absence of subcritical regions and implying global stability. The Kelvin–Voigt parameter doesn't affect the Rayleigh number for stationary convection. However, the crucial role of this parameter is established through an energy argument. The presence of rotation, Kelvin–Voigt parameter, and solute gradient give rise to oscillatory modes. Also, the effects of rotation and solute gradient are stabilizing on the system, whereas the stabilizing effect of the Kelvin–Voigt parameter becomes evident when convection exhibits an oscillatory behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article's objective is to investigate the effect of Hall current on the propagation and reflection of thermoelastic waves through viscoelastic nonlocal fractional order rotating porous isotropic solid. The system is split up into longitudinal and transverse components using the Helmholtz vector rule. Four coupled plane waves are seen to exist, each moving through the medium at a different speed. It is found that all of the waves are dispersive as they depend on the angular frequency. The plane wave characteristics like amplitude ratios and velocity are computed. Under suitable boundary conditions, numerical calculations of the energy and amplitude ratios of various reflected waves are performed using MATLAB software. The speed and amplitude ratios of the waves, qP, qT, qSV, and qV are calculated in the context of LS theory. The results are further plotted for a specific material under the effect of the nonlocal, viscoelastic, fractional order, and Hall current parameters. The earlier findings in the literature are obtained as special case in the absence of rotation, viscoelastic, Hall current parameters and porous voids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various rotation operations are required in paleomagnetism. These include transformations to the geographic coordinate system, tilt correction, and finding virtual geomagnetic poles. Different methods have been used for each rotation operation—graphical manipulation on stereonet, matrix calculation, and spherical trigonometry—and computer software has been developed based on these methods. Quaternions, which are commonly used in three-dimensional computer graphics, can handle rotations about arbitrary axes and provide a unified description of the various rotation operations in paleomagnetism. The conversion from a sample coordinate system to the geographic coordinate system depends on orientation methods that vary by sample type and laboratory. Traditionally, coordinate transformations have been computed using rotation matrices of Euler angles based on stereonet manipulation, but quaternions can flexibly accommodate samples oriented by different conventions. Tilt correction can be expressed as a single rotation around the strike direction of the formation. Virtual geomagnetic poles can be obtained by a single quaternion rotation instead of complicated spherical trigonometry. Python functions are provided for all of the rotation operations discussed in this paper, so the readers can incorporate these functions into their own programs to perform rotations using quaternions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globally, potable water scarcity is pervasive problem. The solar distillation device is a straightforward apparatus that has been purposefully engineered to convert non-potable water into potable water. The experimental study is distinctive due to the implementation of a rotational mechanism within the pyramidal solar still (PSS), which serves to enhance the evaporation and condensation processes. The objective of this research study is to examine the impact of integrating rotational motion into pyramidal solar stills on various processes: water distillation, evaporation, condensation, heat transfer, and energy waste reduction, shadow effects, and low water temperature in saline environments. Ultimately, the study aims to enhance the production of distilled water. An economic evaluation was undertaken in order to ascertain the extent of cost reduction. Experiments measuring freshwater productivity and thermal performance were conducted over a three-month period at the University of Science and Technology in Tehran. The entire pyramid structure was rotated using a direct current motor driven by a photovoltaic cell. The research methodology entailed the operation of a PSS with varying rotational speeds (0.125, 0.25, 1, and 1.5 rpm) and without rotation, from 9 am to 4 pm. The findings suggested that the productivity of the distillation apparatus in terms of distilled water increased as the rotation speed rose, with the most pronounced increase occurring at 1 rpm in comparison to the other conditions. The presence of turbulence in the water enhanced the heat transfer occurring between the absorber plate and the water. At 2:00 p.m. on an experimental day, this effect was observed when the absorber plate temperature reached 79.1°C at 1.5 rpm. In contrast, its temperature decreased to 78°C when not in a state of rotation, as the intensity of solar radiation was higher in the non-rotation state. At 1 rpm, the solar pyramid distiller achieved a 30.2% increase in output compared to its non-rotating state. At 1 rpm, the distiller achieved a 20.6% increase in output compared to 0.25 revolutions per minute. In addition to the control condition, the thermal efficiency of the solar still varied as follows: at 1, 1.5, 0.25, and 0.125 rpm, it was 46.2%; at 44.2%, 37.8%; at 35.3%; and at 36.6%, respectively. Furthermore, distilled water generated by a pyramid solar still with rotation (PSSR) is priced at $0.03 per liter, whereas it costs $0.0317 per liter when produced by a pyramid solar still without rotation (PSS without R). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Object detection plays an important role in various fields. Developing detection models for 2D objects that experience rotation and texture variations is a challenge. In this research, the initial stage of the proposed model integrates the gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) and local binary patterns (LBP) texture feature extraction to obtain feature vectors. The next stage is classifying features using k-nearest neighbors (KNN) and random forest (RF), as well as voting ensemble (VE). System testing used a dataset of 4,437 2D images, the results for KNN accuracy were 92.7% and F1-score 92.5%, while RF performance was lower. Although GLCM features improve performance on both algorithms, KNN is more consistent. The VE approach provides the best performance with an accuracy of 93.9% and an F1-score of 93.8%, this shows the effectiveness of the ensemble technique in increasing object detection accuracy. This study contributes to the field of object detection with a new approach combining GLCM and LBP as feature vectors as well as VE for classification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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High-power permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) has great application potential in the field of traction or propulsion. Since the compact structure and high heat load density of PMSM, heat dissipation conditions introduce new challenges and opportunities for further improvement of its power, efficiency and reliability. In this paper, a new gas–liquid two-phase jet cooling system (GLCS) for PMSM is proposed. The flow and heat transfer characteristics of GLCS are studied numerically. The effects of different factors on heat and mass transfer characteristics were studied. It lays a foundation for the development of thermal analysis and thermal design of high power density permanent magnet synchronous motors with wide application prospects in high-speed rail, urban rail and electric vehicle traction systems. The results show that the surface temperature of stator and rotor can be below 350 K, which proves the heat dissipation capacity of the cooling system. The closer the jet area is to the surface of the rotor, the smaller the velocity is. The surface temperature of stator and rotor is distributed in a W-shape. The effect of liquid volume fraction on different surfaces is different. On the rotor surface, with the increase of liquid volume fraction, the cooling effect is enhanced, while on the stator surface, the cooling effect is weakened. When the rotating speed is 4200 r min−1, the jet cone angle is less than 60°, which can ensure the heat dissipation capacity of the cooling system. The axial influence distance of jet velocity on the surface temperature of rotor is 40 mm. The number of circumferential nozzles is 3 and the number of axial nozzles is 6, which can ensure the best heat dissipation capacity of GLCS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate the functional and cosmetic effects of elbow supracondylar fractures (SCF) in children with residual rotational deformity. Methods: Retrospective review cohort of patients with evidence of malrotation after treatment for SCF. An analysis of the postoperative X-ray of 305 consecutive SCF type 3 treated surgically during five years identified 46 elbows with rotational deformity that fulfilled the selection criteria and were recalled for review; only 27 patients agreed to participate. Patients were evaluated clinically and radiographically. Clinically, the elbow and shoulder ROM were assessed. The postoperative fracture rotation (PFR) was radiologically measured using the Berdis method. Results were categorized according to Flynn criteria, and functional outcomes were evaluated with the QuickDASH questionnaire. On final assessment, a radiograph of both elbows was obtained, and measures were compared. Descriptive analysis was made calculating median, range, proportions, and confidence intervals. Non-parametric tests were used to test the association between variables. Results: The group had a median age of four years and a median follow-up of 52 months. Shoulder rotation was asymmetrical in 13 patients; six patients presented a change on carrying angle > 5° (4 varus/2 valgus). The higher the residual rotation, the higher the chances of an altered shoulder rotation (for each degree of PFR, the shoulder rotation was changed to 0.4°). However, there was a low correlation between the amount of rotation and the final carrying angle (r = 0.37). According to Flynn's criteria, over 95% had excellent or good results. Conclusion: There was a weak correlation between varus and rotational malalignment. Patients with moderate residual malrotation could be expected to have a good outcome even if some shoulder rotation changes persist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the leakage characteristics of stepped labyrinth seals, considering the impact of rotation in the circumferential direction. Two types of casing, honeycomb and solid lands, were applied to the labyrinth seal, and a numerical study was performed with a wide operating range of the rotational speed, pressure ratio and clearance. The effect of the rotational speed on the sealing performance was analyzed for each clearance size through a parametric study. Regardless of the casing type, the flow function decreased as the rotational speed increased, and the smaller the clearance was, the more the leakage performance was affected by the rotation effect. In particular, it was confirmed that the honeycomb seal had a stronger tendency to decrease the flow function due to the rotation than the solid seal. The honeycomb seal allowed a larger leakage flow in comparison to the solid seal, and the rotational speed played an important role when the clearance was small or moderate. However, when the clearance became large, the leakage flow of the two seal types became almost the same, and the rotational effect became marginal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present three results on stability of rolls in Boussinesq convection in a plane horizontal layer with rigid boundaries that is rotating about an inclined axis with the angular velocity $ \mbox{\boldmath${\varOmega}$}=(\varOmega _1,\varOmega _2,\varOmega _3) $ Ω = (Ω 1 , Ω 2 , Ω 3). (i) We call the full problem the set of equations governing the temporal behaviour of the flow and temperature for an arbitrary $ \mbox{\boldmath${\varOmega}$} $ Ω , and by the reduced problem the set of equations for the angular velocity $ (\varOmega _1,0,\varOmega _3) $ (Ω 1 , 0 , Ω 3). Here x,y are horizontal Cartesian coordinates in the layer and z is the vertical one. We prove that a y-independent solution to one of the two problems is also a solution to the second one. (ii) We calculate the critical Rayleigh number for the monotonic onset of convection. The instability mode in the form of rolls (a flow independent of a horizontal direction) is assumed. Let β be the angle between the horizontal projection of $ \mbox{\boldmath${\varOmega}$} $ Ω and the rolls axes. We show that $ \beta =0 $ β = 0 for the least stable mode. When the axis of rotation is horizontal, this is proven analytically, and for $ \varOmega _3\ne 0 $ Ω 3 ≠ 0 , the result is obtained numerically. Taking i into account, we conclude that the critical Rayleigh number for the onset of convection is independent of $ \varOmega _1 $ Ω 1 and $ \varOmega _2 $ Ω 2 and the emerging flow are rolls with axis aligned with the horizontal component of the rotation vector. (iii) We study the behaviour of convective flows by integrating numerically the three-dimensional equations of convection for $ \mbox{\boldmath${\varOmega}$}=(0,\varOmega _2,\varOmega _3) $ Ω = (0 , Ω 2 , Ω 3) and a range of the Rayleigh numbers, other parameters of the problem being fixed. We assume square horizontal periodicity cells, whose sides are equal to the period of the most unstable mode. The computations indicate that, in general, in the nonlinear regime convective rolls become more stable as $ \varOmega _2 $ Ω 2 increases. Namely, on increasing $ \varOmega _2 $ Ω 2 , the interval of the Rayleigh numbers for which convective rolls are stable increases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the level of activation of lower-extremity muscles during the braking phase and the propulsive phase of the drop jump (DJ) under different conditions of change of direction (COD). Methods: Eighteen male college students (20.4 ± 1.3 years old; height 175.5 ± 6.7 cm; body mass 70.5 ± 14.1 kg) volunteered to participate in this study. They were asked to perform the DJ with no COD, 180° COD, and 360° COD in random order. Two Kistler force plates (9287BA, 1500 Hz) and seven Noraxon electromyography (EMG) transducers (Ultium-EMG, 3000 Hz) were synchronized to acquire the ground reaction force and muscle activities, respectively. The DJ drop height was set at a constant 60 cm. EMG sensors were attached to muscles, including the gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, biceps femoris, rectus femoris, vastus medialis, gastrocnemius, and soleus muscles, in the right lower limb. The Noraxon myoFORCE module was used to deconstruct the DJ subphases by ground reaction force . Repeated measures one way ANOVA, with the post-hoc Tukey's HSD and Bonferroni tests, was used to determine the statistical differences in EMG and ground reaction force between jumping tasks with different COD angles (α = .05). Results: The peak EMG amplitude of the gluteus maximus and gluteus medius in the braking phase was significantly greater for the DJ with 180° COD and 360° COD than for the DJ with no COD (p < .05). No significant differences were found between other muscles. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that the gluteus maximus and gluteus medius may play an important and prepared role in helping the performer execute the COD task with the DJ in braking phases. Future studies should investigate COD with jumping task. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to analyse the temperature and magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) peristaltic flow of Jeffrey fluid through a porous wave channel under the influence of rotation. The study is in Cartesian coordinates, the system of equations governing this issue is nonlinear and non-homogeneous partial differential. For the purpose of solving this system, we assumed a short wavelength and a very low Reynolds number due to the flow channel structure. After obtaining the system solution, we used the Mathematica 13 program to analyse the results through graphs. It observed that the rotation, magnetic field, viscosity and density of the fluid have an effective effect on the fluid movement and its temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Concrete composite slab system, comprised of two half-slabs connected integrally through shear connectors, has gained popularity due to fast-track construction of bridges and buildings. Flexural performance and level of composite action of composite slab system depend on its interface shear connection. In the present study, the behaviour of composite slab system with different levels of interface shear design is assessed through experimental and numerical investigations. From the investigations carried out on concrete composite slabs, it is clearly identified that the interface cohesion is an important parameter which contributes to the stiffness of the system. It is also observed that the concrete composite slabs showed load-displacement response similar to that of control full slab, irrespective of the number shear connectors provided, when the cohesion mobilised is sufficient to cater to the shear demand. It is also observed that in the absence of contribution from interface cohesion, full composite action cannot be achieved even when full shear connection design is provided based on shear friction alone. Furthermore, in the absence of the interface shear reinforcement, the displacement sustained by the composite slab is much lower and failed at lower ultimate displacement compared to that of the control full slab. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maize (Zea mays L.), as a cornerstone crop, is integral to both livestock feed and human nutrition. However, the effects of long-term manure application on maize yield, micronutrient levels, and nutritional quality under a maize-soybean rotation system have not been fully elucidated. This study investigates the impact of long-term manure application on maize yield, the micronutrients content of grains, and grain nutritional quality in a maize-soybean rotation. Our results indicate that consistent manure application significantly enhances maize yield. Compared to the long-term chemical fertilizers only, the addition of manure increased the Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn concentrations of the grains. In addition, the highest grain protein concentration was observed when treated with manure. Concentrations of protein fractions such as globulins, gliadins, and glutenins were found to be higher with a low manure application (13.5 t ha−1) compared to high manure application (27 t ha−1). The optimum increments in essential amino acids (EAA) and the ratios of essential to nonessential amino acids (EAA/NAA) was observed under low manure addition treatment. Collectively, incorporating manure into a long-term maize-soybean crop rotation not only escalates yields but also critically enhances the nutritional profile of maize grains through an increase in micronutrients and by promoting balance of proteins and amino acids within the grain. In the long run, low manure addition is more conducive to improving the nutritional quality of grains under crop rotation systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study illustrates the thermoelastic vibrations of a rotating microbeam caused by a laser pulse heat source and sinusoidal heating in the context of three-phase thermoelasticity. Mathematical modeling of the problem was developed using the concept of the Euler–Bernoulli beam theory and the generalized theory of thermal conductivity with three relaxation coefficients of time. It was taken into account that the flexible beam suffers from initial stress at the beginning. The microbeam motion equation was derived by applying the assumptions of the Hamiltonian principle. The closed-form solutions of the studied domains are identified in the Laplace transform domain. After presenting the numerical inversion of the Laplace transform, the numerical results for the studied field variables, such as deflection and temperature, were developed. The influences of the angular velocity of rotation, the initially applied pressure, and the intensity of the laser pulse on the behavior of the physical fields have been demonstrated. In addition, the advantage of the current model has been verified by comparing the results of the field variables of the current model with the results of other thermal conduction theories, whether classical or generalized. It is believed that the results extracted from the present study may be useful for developing some high-quality electromechanical systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For many biomedical applications, laser-assisted methods are essential to enhance the three-dimensional (3D) resolution of a light microscope. In this report, we review possibilities to improve the 3D imaging potential by axial tomography. This method allows us to rotate the object in a microscope into the best perspective required for imaging. Furthermore, images recorded under variable angles can be combined to one image with isotropic resolution. After a brief review of the technical state of the art, we show some biomedical applications, and discuss future perspectives for Deep View Microscopy and Molecular Imaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The multifaceted applications of swirling interfaces featuring heat and mass transfer extend across diverse industries, encompassing energy, manufacturing, healthcare, and environmental protection. The present study is concerned with examining the swirling impact on the capillary instability occurring at the interface between a Walter's B viscoelastic fluid and a viscous fluid, under the influence of heat and mass transfer. The setup consists of two rigid cylinders that form an annular region filled with viscous fluid on the inner side and Walter's B viscoelastic fluid on the outer side. The outer cylinder rotates at a constant angular velocity, while the inner cylinder remains stationary. The study employs the Walter's B viscoelastic model, which conforms to the potential flow theory for viscoelastic fluids. The proposed flow theory disregards tangential stresses and balances the difference in normal viscous stresses with the surface force at the free boundary. The perturbed equations yield a quadratic equation in growth rate, which is numerically analyzed. The results show that heat and mass transfer enhance the interface's stability and swirling makes it more stable. Moreover, it is noteworthy that the Weber number exerts a stabilizing influence on the interface, while the density ratio also plays a role in promoting its stability. The centrifuge number exhibits a counteractive effect by impeding interface growth, thus contributing to its stabilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The act of transmitting photos via the Internet has become a routine and significant activity. Enhancing the security measures to safeguard these images from counterfeiting and modifications is a critical domain that can still be further enhanced. This study presents a system that employs a range of approaches and algorithms to ensure the security of transmitted venous images. The main goal of this work is to create a very effective system for compressing individual biometrics in order to improve the overall accuracy and security of digital photographs by means of image compression. This paper introduces a content-based image authentication mechanism that is suitable for usage across an untrusted network and resistant to data loss during transmission. By employing scale attributes and a key-dependent parametric Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), it is feasible to improve the resilience of digital signatures against image deterioration and strengthen their security against malicious actions. Furthermore, the successful implementation of transmitting biometric data in a compressed format over a wireless network has been accomplished. For applications involving the transmission and sharing of images across a network. The suggested technique utilizes the scalability of a structural digital signature to attain a satisfactory equilibrium between security and picture transfer. An effective adaptive compression strategy was created to lengthen the overall lifetime of the network by sharing the processing of responsibilities. This scheme ensures a large reduction in computational and energy requirements while minimizing image quality loss. This approach employs multi-scale characteristics to improve the resistance of signatures against image deterioration. The proposed system attained a Gaussian noise value of 98% and a rotation accuracy surpassing 99%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose : This study aims to identify the factors influencing field adaptation among nurses who have undergone department transfers, by examining the levels of and the relationships between their nursing work environment, interpersonal skills, grit, and field adaptation. Methods : The study involved 137 nurses who had experienced at least one department transfer within the last three years across two hospitals. Data analysis was performed using SPSS/WIN 29.0, involving descriptive statistics, means, standard deviations, independent t-tests, one-way ANOVA, Scheffé post-hoc tests, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple regression analysis (enter method). Results : Factors affecting field adaptation included the nursing work environment (β=.37, p < .001), interpersonal skills (β=.19, p=.021) and grit (β=.18, p=.025), with a total explanatory power of 31% (F=12.16, p < .001). Conclusion : This study contributes insights into effective nursing personnel management, offers foundational data for managing department transfers, and aims to improve the overall quality of nursing care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Which is better for a firm, job rotation or specialization, can be considered as an endogenously formed worker-indivisible job matching problem. We model this problem as a firm's profit maximization problem under uncertainty, with and without overlapping generations. In both models, we show that among all possible job allocations, the rotation and specialization schemes are the only variations that can be optimal in terms of profits. Moreover, the rotation scheme is better when the productivity difference between post- and under-training workers is smaller, the uncertainty about job continuation in the future is more significant, or the slope of seniority wages is larger. The results indicate that firms in different environments prefer different worker-job matchings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]