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Copyright of Dinbilimleri Journal is the property of Dinbilimleri Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Republic of Turkey, built on the ruins of the Ottoman Empire, has carried out, as in many other areas, a wide-ranging and radical revolution in the field of law; yet, it should be noted that this revolution was founded on the Ottoman Empire's legacy of innovation and constituted its continuation. How this reality has been evaluated and perceived after the establishment of the Republic of Turkey, however, is a matter of debate. In this article, the legal changes in the period from 1839, when the reforms began, to the end of the 1930s, when they were completed, are considered as a continuum. In this context, the article evaluates how the interaction between Islamic and state law and the Ottoman legacy have been perceived during the period of the Republic of Turkey with a focus on reform in the field of civil law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various Muslim commentators have contributed to Qur’ānic exegesis (tafsīr) from the Eastern to the Western regions of the Muslim world. Besides the Middle East, other regions were also influential in the literature and scholarship of tafsīr, such as Khorasan and Transoxiana. Another example is Istanbul, the libraries of which hold examples of most of the surviving tafsīr works and super commentaries. We do not have an extensive body of scholarship on tafsīr knowledge/production in other parts of the Muslim world in English as such studies are of particular significance for the full history of tafsīr. For this reason, this article focuses on tafsīr production in modern Turkey with reference to the Diyanet (the Turkish Presidency for Religious Affairs) Qur’ān commentary Kur’an Yolu (Path of the Qur’ān). First, the article provides a brief overview of tafsīr production and culture in the Ottoman period (1299–1922) and in the period of the Republic of Turkey (since 1923) to contextualise the Diyanet commentary. Then, it analyses the Diyanet Qur’ān commentary Kur’an Yolu as official/institutional tafsīr, its major characteristics and methodology. A particular focus is devoted to the commentary’s Introduction (pp. 13-51). The article holds the view that, while the Qur’ān commentary Kur’an Yolu follows the classical mainstream Sunni framework and paradigm, it includes innovative perspectives, selections of alternative options along with critical engagement with the classical tafsīr and Islamic scholarship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the compatibility of the Turkish Republic's new system of government, accepted with the referendum on 16 April 2017, with the Copenhagen political criteria for accession to the European Union. The paper first studies systems of government and past systems of government in Turkey. While doing so, it briefly touchs upon the systems of government accepted by the Constitutions of 1876, 1921, 1924, and 1961, and then explore the system of government preceding the 2017 Referendum, as put forth by the Constitution of 1982. Following this, the paper analyzes the new system of government as accepted by the referendum of 16 April 2017, dubbed the "Turkish presidency system." Finally, the paper questions whether the new system of government is compatible with the political Copenhagen criteria, in particular the rule of law criterion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This publication introduces an important document from the Archive of foreign policy of the Russian Federation. This document illustrates the attitude of the People's Commissariat for Foreign Aff airs of the USSR towards the Patriarchate of Constantinople at one of the most critical moments of its history (April 1924) and allows one to assess the Commissariat’s good awareness of the state of aff airs in the Eastern church. The published source shows difficult situation of the primary Patriarchate on the one hand, and its strong involvement in political intrigues on the other hand, which the author of the document (presumably, the representative of the USSR in Turkey Ya. Z. Surits) cynically offered to make use of. The published analytical report pays much attention to the problem of the so-called Anatolian church (better known as the “Turkish Orthodox Church”). It is noteworthy that the Soviet diplomat did not give unambiguous assessments and recommendations to his Moscow administration. His key suggestion was to send a representative of the Russian Renovationist schism to Istanbul and then use him in order to infl uence the Patriarchate of Constantinople in Soviet interests. This proposal appeared to be interesting to the administration of the Commissariat, but for some reason was not implemented, which partially prevented the worst-case scenario of the development of relations between the Russian and Constantinople Churches; in this worst scenario, the Fanar would have become fully affiliated with the Soviet Renovationism (in the end, this affi liation was less defi nitely pronounced).

Bu makalede Göynüklü İbrahim Hakkı Efendi’nin yaşamı ele alınacaktır. İbrahim Hakkı Efendi, Rûmî takvime göre 1294/1878 yılının ortalarında Göynük’te dünyaya gelmiştir. Babası müderris olduğu için küçüklüğünden itibaren ilim çevrelerine aşinadır. Eğitim hayatının ilk yılları doğduğu yer olan Göynük’te geçmiştir. Tahsil sürecinin ilerleyen aşamalarını ise İstanbul’da bitirmiştir. Medrese eğitimini tamamlayıp icâzet aldıktan sonra Göynük’e dönmüş ve vefat tarihi olan 1946 yılına kadar memleketinde çeşitli resmî görevler üstlenmiştir. Üstlendiği görevler arasında en uzun süreli olanı Göynük müftülüğüdür. Bu görevi Osmanlı’nın son dönemi ve Cumhuriyet’in ilk yıllarında sürdürdüğü bilinmektedir. Dolayısıyla İbrahim Hakkı Efendi Göynük’te, Osmanlı döneminin son ve Cumhuriyet döneminin ilk müftüsüdür. Önemli olduğu-nu düşündüğümüz bu konumu sebebiyle İbrahim Hakkı Efendi, makaleye konu edilmiştir. Tespitlerimize göre İbrahim Hakkı Efendi’yi konu edinen herhangi bir çalışma henüz yapılmamıştır. Bu yönüyle makale, arşiv kaynakları ve ulaşılabilen diğer bilgiler/belgeler ışığında İbrahim Hakkı Efendi’nin tanınmasına/bilinmesine olanak sağlayacaktır. Makalede hayatı ve ailesine, eğitimi ve hocalarına, ilmî birikimi ve üstlendiği görevlere yer verilmiştir. Bu bilgileri elde etmek için öncelikle İstanbul Müftülüğü Meşihat Arşivi ve Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı Arşivi’ne başvurulmuştur. Sözü edilen arşivlerden, İbrahim Hakkı Efendi’nin sicil dosyaları temin edilmiştir. Ayrıca makaleye katkı sağlayacağı düşünülen diğer kaynaklar da titizlikle taranmış-tır. İbrahim Hakkı Efendi, medrese eğitiminin akabinde kürsü şeyhliği imtihanına girmiş ve başarılı bulunmuştur. Ancak kürsü şeyhliğine belirli hiyerarşi gözetilerek atama yapıldığından kendi-sinin sırası gelmemiştir. Bunun üzerine İbrahim Hakkı Efendi de İstanbul’dan memleketi Göynük’e dönmüştür. Göynük’e dönüşünden itibaren vefatına kadar bir takım resmî görevler üstlenmiştir. Mahkeme âzâlığı, müderrislik ve müftülük üstlendiği görevler arasında bulunmaktadır. Müftülük görevi için kendisinin ismi yerel birimler tarafından seçilerek belirlenmiş ve Şeyhülislamın onayıyla birlikte göreve tayin edilmiştir. İbrahim Hakkı Efendi, 1912-1946 yılları arasında kesintisiz bir şekilde Göynük müftülüğünü yürütmüştür. Uzun süre müftü olarak hizmet etmesi, onun eğitimi, ilmî birikimi, kişisel özellikleri, yöneticiler ve toplum nazarındaki konumu hakkında olumlu bir kanaat oluşması için yeterlidir. Zira bir kimsenin otuz dört yıl aynı görevi yürütmesi en azından ona duyulan güvenin göstergesidir. Bununla birlikte müftülük görevine getirildiği ilk zamanlar, onun hakkında bir takım itirazlar da gün-deme getirilmiştir. Makalenin amaçları arasında yer almasına rağmen bazı konuların açığa çıkarılamadığını ifade etmek gerekecektir. Sözgelimi onun eğittiği talebelerin, verdiği fetvâların, dönemin olayları karşısında sergilediği tutum ve davranışların tespit edilemeyişi bunlara örnek gösterilebilir. Nitekim makalede, yukarıda zikredilen problemlerin de eleştirel bir tutumla, bilgi, belge, araştırma ve incelemelere dayalı şekilde üstesinden gelinmesi amaçlanmıştır. Ancak veri ve doküman teminindeki güçlükler bu sorulara cevap bulmamızı engellemiştir. Öte yandan, İbrahim Hakkı Efendi’nin sicil dosyalarının bulunduğu arşivlere işaret edilmiştir. Veri toplama aşamasında bu arşivlerin yanı sıra Cumhuriyet Arşivi, yöresel/mahalli ve özel arşivler de taranmıştır. Ayrıca Bolu ve Göynük tarihi üzerine çalışan araştırmacılardan bir kaçıyla görüşülmüştür. Fakat sözü edilen konuları açıklığa kavuşturacak sözlü veya yazılı herhangi bir bilgi ve belgeye ulaşılamamıştır. Kuşkusuz ilmî ve kültürel kimliğin bütün yönleriyle tespit edilmesinde yerelin kaynaklığı önemlidir. Yereldeki bilgileri içeren kaynakları düzenli bir şekilde kaydetmek, korumak ve sonraki dönemlere aktarmak büyük önem arz etmekle birlikte bu her zaman mümkün olmamıştır. O yüzden araştırmacılar açısından zaman zaman sınırlılıklar söz konusu ol-maktadır. Benzer durum bizim makalemiz için de geçerlidir. Makale içeriğine doğrudan katkı sağlamamış olsa bile Göynük’ün kültürel kimliği ve mirasını ortaya koyan çalışmalara imkânlar ölçüsünde başvurulmuştur. Dolayısıyla İbrahim Hakkı Efendi’yle ilgili en azından şimdilik bu kadar bilgi tespit edilmiştir. Daha sonra elde edilmesi muhtemel bilgi ve belgelerle makale içeriğinin geliştirilmeye açık olduğunu belirtmek yerinde olacaktır.

Despite 82 million populations, Turkey is one of the countries with the lowest mortality rates in the world as a result of successful crisis management and public compliance. Turkey’s public health response to the COVID-19 pandemic has been rapid and continually evolving as described here. In this short communication we offer insight into the preparedness and response by Turkey of this continued global health threat posed by COVID-19. Turkey implemented multiple containment strategies prior to the first reported case within its borders- to reduce the burden and deadly risk of the virus. In the absence of a specific vaccine, governments, health care professionals and communities in general are continually working together to reduce exposure, infection, clinical severity and community transmission of COVID-19.

The dramatic currents of the history of the 19th and 20th centuries in the Balkans cannot be seen in a more comprehensive way, separate from the wider European / world context, geopolitical order, influence and consequences of the interesting logics of superpowers, models of de-Ottomanization and Balkanization. At the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century, the Ottoman Empire was in a difficult position, pressured by numerous internal problems, exposed to external political pressures, conditions and wars. Crises and Ottoman military defeats in the Balkan Wars (1912-1913) and the "Great War" (1914-1918), along with the processes of de-Ottomanization and fragmentation of the territories in which they lived and the growth of divisions, disrupted the self-confidence of Muslims. Expulsions and mass exoduses of entire populations, especially Muslims, culminated in the Balkan wars. Bosniaks, as well as Muslims in the rest of "Ottoman Europe", found themselves in the ranks of several armies in the "Great War". Many Muslims from the Balkans, who arrived in the vast territory of the Empire in earlier times as refugees, also fought in the units of the Ottoman army. In that war it was defeated. On its remnants, a new state of Turkey (1923) was created after the Greco-Ottoman war (1919-1922).

Signing the Agreement on the Establishment of Friendly Diplomatic Relations between the Republic of Turkey and the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes (the Kingdom of Yugoslavia since 1929) on November 28, 1925, provided bases for mutual economic connecting. Concerning the fact that economies of both countries had dominantly agrarian character, they were often rivals to one another in the world markets. Because of that, Yugoslav government aimed at gathering data on the development and modernization of Turkish agriculture by means of its diplomatic representative bodies. In this paper, on the basis of unpublished archival sources, newspapers articles and relevant literature, the following issues will be presented: the state and characteristics of the Turkish agrarian issues during Ataturks's era: the capacity of agricultural production (agriculture, cattle breeding), measures and efforts for its improvement (introducing new kinds and breeds, land-improvement and irrigation projects, the use of modern agro-technical measures, preventing cattle infectious diseases, agrarian reforms, etc.), and the export of agrarian products.

From the Seljuk Empire and until the Turkish Republic, the Turkish higher education system was based on the madrasa tradition. In the late period of the Ottoman Empire, along with madrasa, which was the classic educational institution, besides military schools giving education in western style, opening civil educational institutions, similar to the university in Europe, started. The first schools opened were in the French model first, similar to the country and its cultural institutions, which the state sympathized with in the foreign policy, and the universities opened in the late periods until the end of the Second World War were tried to be built similar to the German Higher Education system. After the war, on the other hand, university institutions according to the Anglo-Saxon model started to be opened, too. While the institution of the university that developed in time through different models of different countries form with the historical processes and cultural texture of the country it is in, this institution was created by taking the models of the western state that is effective on Turkey as an example within the westernization activities rather than our sociological internal structure. In this study, the higher education systems in Europe that are taken as examples while creating our modern Turkish higher education system and their developments in history will be discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkish Journal of Social Research / Turkiye Sosyal Arastirmalar Dergisi is the property of Turkish Journal of Social Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Central Asia & the Caucasus (14046091) is the property of CA & CC Press AB and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article analyses the Angela Merkel government’s attitude towards far-reaching plans to rebuild the EU of the French president in three key areas: EU architecture, refugee issue and security policy and towards two non-EU players on the continent: Russia and Turkey. The article is trying to prove that the head of the German government, preferring the unity of the EU rather than integration, will looking for compromise with Macron, taking into account different from the French one positions of other EU countries, and will try to stop the wave of the refugees from Africa through agreements with African countries. Regarding the Turkish autocrat, to avoid provocation, A.Merkel will attempt pragmatic relations. Also regarding Russia, even though it poses a threat to the security of the EU, she will consider (as the requirement of the moment) to establish a network of lively relations with the Putin state.

On October 17, 2017, President of Turkey Recep Tayyip Erdoğan paid an official visit to Warsaw upon the invitation of the President of the Republic of Poland Andrzej Duda. The main subject of the talks was political, economic and cultural cooperation. Issues of security were also addressed. President Erdoğan had last visited Warsaw during the NATO summit on July 8–9, 2016. During the meeting in October, the two presidents signed five bilateral agreements. This paper provides an analysis of the effects of President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan’s visit and prospects regarding the development of friendly relations between Poland and Turkey from Ankara’s perspective. In the paper we applied the test analysis method, the historical method and the institutional and legal one. We pose a thesis that the aim of President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan’s visit was to identify mutual relations in the economic, political and cultural dimension. According to the Turkish government, these relations are beneficial for both sides. What should be particularly important for Poland is the prospect of opening new cooperation opportunities in the economic sphere. Turkey, in turn, apart from defining the broad framework of business cooperation, is undoubtedly determined to find a partner which could be its ally in the European Union.

Mustafa Kemal was reformer and creator of the Republic of Turkey. The first president built a new Turkey, European and secular. He also wanted to create a model of a “new” Turkish woman modern and well educated. His private life was as interesting as political life. In his life were many women, some of them were controversial for example much younger wife Latife or mistress Fikriye (they should have religious marriage). Interesting figures were also adopted, mostly adult daughters, who were well educated, and they should give a good example to other Turkish women. To make the full image of women who had a big impact on the life of the Mustafa Kemal, it should also pay attention to his mother and sister.

Copyright of Diyalektolog - Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi is the property of Diyalektolog and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

One of the events that left deep scars on the history of humanity are epidemics. With their destructive and devastating powers, epidemics led to significant impacts and changes on the demographic structures, political, social, economic, cultural lives of communities. Hence, malaria, the subject of this study, is also a fatal epidemic which has been known since the times when humans began agricultural activities. Malaria turned into a mass epidemic issue in the army and in some settlements in the Ottoman Empire, particularly during the first quarter of the 20th century. Wars, political crises, migrations, famine, poor living conditions have all encouraged malaria epidemics. Ottoman Empire actually did take some significant measures against malaria but the difficult conditions of the time prevented those measures to be effective. Then during the early years of the Republic, the postwar nation was also going through difficult times and this coupled with the deficiencies in health infrastructure helped malaria to spread easily. Thereupon, the state declared a total national struggle, or an official war against malaria, with an obligation for all public and private elements to unite. This study has been conducted with the purpose of providing a general overview of the struggle against malaria during the latter stages of the Ottoman period and the first quarter of the century of the Republic, discussing the kind of steps taken, policies and practises developed, hence conveying a historic experience on battling malaria and other similar epidemics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Electronic Turkish Studies is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Selcuk Law Review / Selçuk Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Selcuk Law Review and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Mondros Ateşkesi sonrası Mustafa Kemal önderliğinde Milli Mücadeleye başlayan Anadolu zor bir süreçten geçmektedir. O dönemde halk, Milli Mücadele yanlıları ve Milli Mücadele karşıtları olmak üzere iki zıt tabana ayrılmıştır. Mondros’un ağır yaptırımları karşısında memleket sulh yolunu değil harp yolunu tercih etmiştir. Ancak Anadolu’da ciddi bir silah ve mühimmat sıkıntısı yaşanmaktadır. Ankara Hükümeti’nin onayı ile kurulan Mim Mim Grubu bu düşünce doğrultusunda hareket etmiş, Velid Ebuzziya ise bu teşkilatta aktif bir rol oynamıştır. Teşkilat çatısı altında silah ve mühimmat sevkiyatlarında gösterdiği başarılı faaliyetler, kendisinin İstiklal Madalyası ile ödüllendirilmesini sağlamıştır. İşgal günlerinde basın-yayın faaliyetleri İtilaf güçlerinin kontrolü altındadır. İstanbul Matbuat Cemiyeti Başkanı olan Velid Bey ile Fransız Sefarethanesi arasındaki temaslar bu doğrultuda gerçekleşmiştir. Velid Bey Ebuzziya Basımevinde gazetecilik faaliyetlerini sürdürmüş, bu basımevi aynı zamanda Mim Mim Grubu’nun merkez karargahı olarak da kullanılmıştır. 1919-1922 yılları arasını kapsayacak olan Türk Kurtuluş Mücadelesi gerek halkın iradesi gerek Ankara Hükümetinin kararlı duruşu ile Cumhuriyete giden yolu açmıştır. Çalışmamıza konu olan Abdurrahman Velid Ebuzziya, muhafazakar kişiliği ile tam olarak Milli Mücadele yanlısı olmuş; gerek kendi gazete köşesindeki yazıları, gerek fiilen yaptıklarıyla bunu ispatlamış bir kişiliktir. Milli Mücadele’den Cumhuriyet’e doğru giden süreçte Velid Ebuzziya’nın, Mim Mim Grubu bünyesinde Milli Mücadelede üstlendiği rol ile Fransız Sefarethanesi ile olan siyasi ilişkileri çalışmamızın ana omurgasını teşkil etmektedir.

By employing a more comprehensive environmental sustainability and behavioral practices and framework, organizations' green human resources, production process among other processes, are also situated at addressing the rising challenge of global warming. To an extent, the gear toward improving the sustainable organization or production entails the environmental sustainability practices, green initiatives, and environmentally friendlier methods against the business‐as‐usual and the traditional patterns. In so doing, the current study is aimed at examining the effect of green training on organizational citizenship behavior and environmental commitment via the mediating role of perceived behavioral control. By applying the theory of planned behavior, this paper also tests the mediating effect of perceived behavioral control in the organization and the environment. Data from 306 employees working in four and five‐star hotels in Istanbul were analyzed using AMOS statistical version 20. The result revealed that green training positively affects environmental commitment and organizational behavior and that perceived behavioral control fully mediates the link. In essence, the investigation equally revealed that it is important to engage employees in environmental sustainability training and related information, especially in compliance with the global drive for the Sustainable Development Goals. The findings and implications of the study are further revealed to serve effective policy tools to organizations, governance, and other stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cumhuriyet Ilahiyat Dergisi / Cumhuriyet Theology Journal is the property of Cumhuriyet Universitesi, Ilahiyat Fakultesi / Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Theology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Eskişehir Osmangazi University Faculty of Theology is the property of Journal of Eskisehir Osmangazi University Faculty of Theology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Kırıkkale University Journal of Social Sciences is the property of Kirikkale University Journal of Social Science (KUJSS) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Yearbook of the Faculty of Political Sciences / Godisnjak Fakultet Politickih Nauka Beograd is the property of University of Belgrade, Faculty of Political Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of OPUS - International Journal of Society Researches is the property of OPUS - International Journal of Society Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Despite 82 million populations, Turkey is one of the countries with the lowest mortality rates in the world as a result of successful crisis management and public compliance. Turkey's public health response to the COVID-19 pandemic has been rapid and continually evolving as described here. In this short communication we offer insight into the preparedness and response by Turkey of this continued global health threat posed by COVID-19. Turkey implemented multiple containment strategies prior to the first reported case within its borders- to reduce the burden and deadly risk of the virus. In the absence of a specific vaccine, governments, health care professionals and communities in general are continually working together to reduce exposure, infection, clinical severity and community transmission of COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The modernization efforts of the early Republic of Turkey were a recurrent theme of books and newspaper articles written by interwar Yugoslav travelers in Turkey. Their views on Turkish modernity were based on a dichotomy between the "old," "traditional," and "backward" Ottoman Empire and the "new," "modern," and "revolutionary" Turkish Republic. Their comments reveal the Yugoslav public's self-perception: in their eyes, through its reforms, Turkey was becoming similar to Western European countries, and had reached or even surpassed the civilizational level of Yugoslavia. Thus, the Yugoslav perception of Turks as Europe's "Other" had changed for the better. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Journal of Kurdish Studies is the property of International Journal of Kurdish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin Osmanlı mirasını ve İslam’ı kamusal alandan çıkarmak hususunda en etkili kanunlarından biri, 1925 tarihli “Tekke ve Zaviyelerle Türbelerin Seddine ve Türbedarlıklarla birtakım unvanların meni ve ilgasına dair” 677 sayılı Kanundur. Buna göre ülkedeki tüm türbeler kapatılmış, türbe ziyareti ve türbedarlık yasaklanmış, kapatılan ve 1950’den sonra müze olarak açılan bazı türbelere devlet memuru olarak bekçiler tayin edilmiştir. Bu makale, tarihsel çalışmalarda yeterince ilgi görmemiş türbedarlık mesleğini, 677 sayılı kanun ve türbelerin “millileştirilmesi” bağlamında, cumhuriyet arşivleri, meclis tutanakları ve daha önce kullanılmamış İstanbul Türbeler Müze Müdürlüğü arşivleri ışığında 1925-1970 dönemine odaklanarak incelemektedir. Geç Osmanlı’da türbedarın kim olduğu, türbeler kapatıldıktan sonra türbe ve türbedarlara ne olduğu, türbelerdeki hırsızlık vakaları, Vakıflar sorunu ve farklı devlet kurumları, türbe bekçileri ile halk arasında yaşanan gerilim, çekişme ve yasal ihlaller ele alınacaktır. Makale, tarihi ve mimari önemi olan türbelerin ihmalinin ve türbeleri müzeye dönüştürerek “millileştirme” politikasının, kültürel tarihimizde kopukluk yaratmasını ve tarihi birikimi zedelemesini göstererek, cumhuriyet tarihinin daha önce ele alınmamış bir boyutunu aydınlatmayı amaçlamaktadır.

The article deals with topical issues of the institutional model of political and diplomatic relations on the diagonally Ukraine–Turkey in the context of improving security institutions, achievements, problems and dilemmas of foreign policy and diplomacy, as well as their influence on the evolution of the foreign policy of these countries in a globalized world, new challenges and modern threats in the context of the new architectonic space security of the XXI century. The Republic of Turkey in recent years has taken the position of a regional leader and define its foreign policy strategy in the new polycentric world. At the same time, Ukrainian-Turkish and Turkish-Russian relations took a central place in the foreign policy of official Ankara, and greatly influenced the formation of its policy in the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, the Middle East and other regions of the world that are of strategic importance for Turkey.

In Turkey and the world there are many triggering factors, actors and results of historical courses. Within these courses, words and assumptions continuously change and these words and assumptions gain meaning and are subject to semantic shift as well. Within these processes, each event can be faced by humanity by demonstrating a front view with their facts, assumption, belief base and perception type. In order to handle these views healthily in each event evaluation, certain pedagogic and methodologic methods were developed. When action is taken by these methods and open perception understanding, real nature and purity of events can be clarified. When the subject is religion, history, tradition and community, arguments for preserving this objectivity becomes more and more sensitive. With the aim of understanding and explaining these sensitive values properly, an evaluation stage for new perception and understanding to be developed was handled.

Copyright of History Studies (13094688) is the property of History Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article provides a gendered history of Istanbul's postwar years by focusing on the role "Istanbul women" had in discussions of corruption and moral decay that dominated representations of the city. It sheds light on how Istanbul was degraded to a "cosmopolitan and decadent" status. The Beyoğlu-Pera district came to symbolise this decadence. Furthermore, upper-class women of the city were associated with the radical Westernisation emanating from the district. The article also scrutinises how politically active women of the city negotiated these accusations, through an analysis of their endeavours to achieve women's suffrage. It argues that devaluing late Ottoman feminists as "morally corrupt" Istanbul women, allowed the early Republican reformers to suppress the Ottoman feminist movement and present themselves as the emancipators of Turkish women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In examining the spillover effects of tourism receipts and the uncertainty‐induced factors in Turkey, this study examines the spillover effects of tourism receipts and related sources of uncertainties from trade‐ and political‐related factors. Using the novelty of Diebold and Yilmaz "Better to give than to receive: Predictive directional measurement of volatility spillovers" approach, the study reveals that tourism receipts have a net spillover of 4.1%, thus indicating that the country's tourism industry received a significant shock. Spillover effects from other variables are observed, thus suggesting a hedging policy mechanism for the country's tourism sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In line with the excellent political relations, economic cooperation between the Republic of Turkey and the Republic of North Macedonia has gained significant momentum over the past years. Turkish investments in North Macedonia have increased exponentially, and together with their Macedonian partners, Turkish investors continue to seek new areas for additional investments. Turkish investments in the Republic of North Macedonia constitute a win-win situation for Turkey as well as North Macedonia. Turkish investments promote development of the North Macedonian economy and create employment in the country, which faces high unemployment rates. On the other hand, the rising interest by Turkish investors underscores the confidence in the North Macedonian economy and highlights the potential for profitable investments. This article is searching the attractiveness of the North Macedonian market for direct foreign investments of the international companies from the Republic of Turkey. The theoretical background is explaining the term attractiveness of the market through the governmental strategy's' measures for attracting the foreign direct investors, as well as lawfully published incentives and subsidies. Secondary data shows that currently, more than 100 Turkish companies are active in the Republic of North Macedonia, with more than 1 billion US Dollars of actual and committed investments, as brownfield and greenfield investments. Despite of the economic attractiveness of the North Macedonian market, the Turkish investors are eager to invest also due to the excellent political relations between the two governments, as well as, the cultural and historical ties between the peoples of the both countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Modern Turkish History Studies / Çagdas Türkiye Tarihi Arastirmalari Dergisi is the property of Journal of Modern Turkish History Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Journal of Language Academy is the property of Rota Kariyer and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Itobiad: Journal of the Human & Social Science Researches / İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Itobiad: Journal of the Human & Social Science Researches and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Food is compulsory material that provides energy for the maintenance of human life. With the establishment World Trade Organization in 1994, the decision to reduce tariff barriers, increase technical and regulatory barriers in foreign trade of agricultural and food products was taken and the importance of food codex standards increased. The neccesity of making food codexs and updating based on scientific validity a large part of the export revenues was agricultural and food products negative affect to underdeveloped and developing countries, increased share of developed countries. In this study the development of food codex in the world and Turkey has been revealed and the effects of The WTO Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Photosanitary Measures (SPS) and The Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) which were initiated by the establishment of the WTO have been investigated and these developments have been proposed as solutions to increase the competitive power and share of Turkey's agricultural and food product foreign trade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of International Social Research is the property of Journal of International Social Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Przegląd Europejski is the property of University of Warsaw and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Ali Saim Ülgen (1913–63), a preservation architect, architectural historian, author, bureaucrat and educator, was a leading figure in the nascent field of heritage conservation during the early decades of the Republic of Turkey. This was a time when the Republican leaders sought to establish the national character of art and architecture by interpreting the "Turkishness" and uniqueness of the Ottoman heritage through the tenets of the Modern Movement. The reconciliation of the modernist rationale with nationalist historiography created contested paradigms in a nation searching for its cultural roots. Ülgen considerably contributed to the nationalist appropriation of the Ottoman heritage, but his taxonomical gaze stands out for its focus on contextual analysis. This essay addresses the dichotomy of documenting the Ottoman architectural patrimony through the lens of modernism, which is visible in Ülgen's work, a remarkably understudied Republican intellectual. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the current problems facing the modern state cultural policy is the state of the Bulgarian cultural heritage abroad. In many cases, the preservation of cultural heritage sites located on foreign territory depends on the mechanisms established for bilateral cooperation, as well as on the possibilities for their practical realization. The aim of the report is to present important approaches related to the cultural cooperation policies between the Republic of Bulgaria and the Republic of Turkey for the protection of religious heritage sites. The highlights of the report has been plased on bilateral agreements for cultural cooperation signed after 1997 - agreements, intergovernmental programs, protocols for cooperation in the preservation of religious heritage sites. This article presents is part of the work on research project named “Creating a model for the preservation and promotion of the Christian monuments” - ДН 15/4, 11.12.2017. The project is supported by the National Science Fund at the Bulgarian Ministry of Education and Science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The essay is a kind of social science fiction meant to commemorate the 100th anniversary of Emile Durkheim's death in 1917. Durkheim's ghost, therefore, is used to imagine how his thinking would have dealt with the actual premodern and modern histories of France, Germany, and Turkey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The wide representation of women at different levels of the education system is not only an indicator of the prestige and status of the teaching profession, but also an important indicator of the socio-cultural and political development of society. The purpose of this article is to analyze the Turkish education system in terms of gender asymmetry. The research problems include: 1) the study of the historical reasons that led to the phenomena of gender asymmetry in certain “zones” and at certain levels of education; 2) the study of the motives for choosing a teaching profession by women of different age groups; 3) determination of the social profile of a Turkish female teacher; 4) the formation of recommendations for overcoming gender asymmetry in the field of Turkish education. Contrary to prejudice, Turkey is not a “gender bounded” country; moreover, its educational system is subject to problems common to the systems of most developed countries. The main ones are: 1) underrepresentation of female teachers in higher education (with a tendency to reduce the gender gap) and 2) underrepresentation of women in leadership positions. Despite the fact that all conditions have been created in Turkey for the professional development of a female teacher, the mentality of the average Turkish woman does not allow her to put her career interests above the interests of her family. This, in our opinion, largely explains the “restriction” of female education at the level of secondary specialized and insufficient “popularity” of higher education. For further study of the manifestations of gender asymmetry, a more detailed study of all stages of the Turkish education system is required, using data from different regions, in particular, from the southeast region. The situation there may differ significantly from the situation in the central regions, and the problem of adapting the education system to regional conditions will be extremely relevant.