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• Tamoxifen exposure delayed puberty installation. • There was an increase in sperm count of cauda epididymis. • Sperm motility was adversely affected. • Increase in the number of hyperplasia of epithelial clear cells in cauda epididymis. Tamoxifen, a selective non-steroidal estrogen receptor modulator, is the standard adjuvant endocrine treatment for breast cancer. Since information on the risk of using tamoxifen during pregnancy is still scarce, this study evaluated whether the in utero and lactational treatment with this drug could compromise reproductive and behavioural parameters in male offspring. Pregnant Wistar rats were exposed to three doses of tamoxifen (0.12; 0.6; 3 μg/kg), by gavage, from gestational day 15 to lactational day 20. Tamoxifen exposure did not alter the anogenital distance in the male offspring; however, there was a significant increase in the body weight in the 0.12 μg/kg dose and a decrease in the 0.6 μg/kg dose. The male offspring treated with the highest dose exhibited a delay in the onset of puberty, evidenced by an increase in the age of preputial separation. Regarding sperm parameters, there was an increase in the sperm count in the cauda epididymis in the intermediate and highest dose groups, in addition to an increase in the number of static sperm and a decrease in the progressive sperm in the same groups. Moreover, an increase in the number of hyperplasia of the epithelial clear cells was observed in the epididymis. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that maternal exposure to tamoxifen compromised the installation of puberty of the male offspring and the maturation of the epididymis, affecting sperm storage and motility in the adult life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND The invasion of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) into the New World has made it possible for this pest to hybridize with a native American species, H. zea (Boddie), under natural conditions. We investigated the viability and development of hybrids of these two Helicoverpa species. We reared the parental species and evaluated crosses between H. armigera males and H. zea females and vice versa, two intercrosses between hybrids, and eight backcrosses between hybrids and parental species. We estimated the length of immature stages, fecundity, survival, sex ratio, and heterosis. RESULTS: Although hybridization occcurred, with heterosis during the development of immatures, reproductive incompatibilities also were observed between the parental species and between hybrids from subsequent crosses. The interspecific crosses between hybrids and backcrosses confirmed the possibility of introgression events and their perpetuation in field populations. The results indicate that hybridization events are favored at high population levels, while at low population levels the 'species identities' will be maintained. CONCLUSIONS: The possibility of interspecific gene flow and its perpetuation through successive crosses and backcrosses suggests several recommenations for management. Populations of both species should be maintained at an equilibrium level to reduce the chance of interspecific crosses, which are presumably more likely to occur during pest outbreaks. The existence of hybridization and resistance to different active pesticide ingredients should be monitored. All practices related to managing the resistance of these pests to chemical and biological insecticides should be systematized to reduce the chance of selecting for resistant individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis (Bouché) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) has been reported on several crops. The development time, viability of immature stages, and reproductive parameters of H. haemorrhoidalis in 'Camino Real' strawberry leaflets were investigated under controlled conditions (25 ± 2 °C, 70 ± 10% relative humidity, and 14 h photoperiod). Life cycle was completed with 28.39 ± 0.15 days. The duration (mean ± standard error) and the viability (%) of the 1st larval instar, 2nd larval instar, pre-pupa, and pupa stages were 4.03 ± 0.04 (97.00%), 5.01 ± 0.03 (98.97%), 1.04 ± 0.02 (98.96%), and 2.98 ± 0.02 (100.00%) days, respectively. The pre-oviposition, oviposition, and post-oviposition periods lasted 5.00 ± 0.05, 66.19 ± 0.28, and 4.85 ± 0.10 days, respectively. The fertility parameters in the life table were as follows: net reproduction rate (R0) = 105.06 larvae; innate capacity for increase in number (rm) = 0.09 larva/female/day; finite increase ratio (λ) = 1.09 larva/female; time interval between each generation (T) = 53.02 days; population doubling time (TD) = 7.89 days. These results evidence that H. haemorrhoidalis develops successfully when feeding on strawberry leaflets. The relatively high viability observed at every stage, and the values of R0, rm, λ, T, and TD populations suggest that H. haemorrhoidalis may thrive on strawberry plants under favorable environmental conditions. The implications of these findings are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study was to compare two mating systems and their impact on reproductive parameters in sheep of the synthetic WROBER line and to evaluate the profitability of lamb meat production. Sheep were raised at the Agricultural Experimental Station in Żelazna (Warsaw University of Life Sciences) in a traditional system with mating once a year and at the Werbkowice Experimental Farm (Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation – National Research Institute) in an intensified system with a shortened lambing interval. The study confirmed the suitability of the WROBER line for intensive production of slaughter lambs. In this system, 0.5 more lambs were obtained per ewe (in all seasons) than in the traditional system. Due to the increased number of lambs produced, the WROBER line can become more profitable.

The aim of this study was to determine the semen quality, sexual behaviour and testosterone (T) levels in Saint Croix rams under semi-desert climate conditions. Sixteen rams (70.6 ± 12.5 kg; 24.1 ± 0.3 months old) were randomly divided into a grazing group (GG, n = 8) and a supplemented group (supplemented individually with 1 kg.d−1 of concentrate (156 g CP.kg−1 DM and 2.5 Mcal EM.kg−1 DM). SG, n = 8). Each group grazed on buffel, grass. Every two weeks, semen was collected, and sexual behaviour traits were evaluated. SG rams had greater body weight (P

Background: Tribulus terrestris has antioxidant and free-radical-scavenging properties. Malathion is the most common organophosphate, which is capable to produce free radicals and induce disturbance on some of male reproductive parameters. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of T. terrestris extract against damage induced by Malathion to the reproductive parameter of male rats. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 48 male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to eight groups: first group, sham group (normal saline); second group, Malathion (250 mg/kg) group; third to fifth groups, T. terrestris groups (2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg body weight, respectively); and sixth to eight groups, Malathion + T. terrestris groups (2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg). Tribulus terrestris extract (2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg body weight, respectively) administrated orally, and daily for 8 weeks. The sperm parameters, testis malondialdehyde (MDA), serum total antioxidant capacity, serum testosterone level, and the height of germinal layer were evaluated and analyzed statistically. Results: All the values of male reproductive parameters reduced significantly in the Malathion group as compared to the sham group (P < 0.01) except MDA level, which increased significantly. The T. terrestris and T. terrestris + Malathion treatments in all doses increased the whole parameters significantly as compared to the Malathion group (P < 0.01) except MDA level, which decreased significantly. No significant changes were observed in all T. terrestris groups as compared to the sham group (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Tribulus terrestris extract administration attenuates the toxic effects of Malathion on some of the male reproductive parameters.

The lipid-rich Seed of Moringa oleifera has been promoted as an effective water clarifier. Aside its vital nutritional application as an emerging food additive, the seed has continued to gain a wider acceptance in various global ethnomedicines for managing several communicable and lifestyle diseases, howbeit, its potential toxic effect, particularly on fertility and pregnancy outcomes has remained uninvestigated; the effect of Moringa oleifera seed (MOSE) aqueous-methanol extracts on fertility and pregnancy outcome, was investigated in vivo using female Wistar rats that were divided into 50, 100, 300 and 500 mg per kilogram body weight. Group six was given Moringa oleifera seed treated water ad-libitum (ad-libitum group). Organs harvested for histological assessment included ovary, uterus, liver and kidney. In addition to HPLC fingerprint and a preliminary peptide detection, we determined the physico-chemical characteristics and mineral content of MOSE using standard methods. Data were analyzed with significance at p ≤ 0.05. There was no significant difference in the estrus cycle, mating index, gestation survival index, gestation index, fertility index and sex ratio among all groups. Gestation length was reduced in some groups. While the male pup birth weight was comparable among the different groups, female pups birth weights were significantly reduced in 50 and 100 mg groups. Anogenital distance indices of female pups in ad libitum group were significantly increased. Pathologies were observed in liver and kidneys of dams while kidneys of pups presented a dose dependent reduction in the number of glomeruli. There were no observed pathological changes in the ovary and uterus. This study showed for the first time in rodents, that the lipid-rich MOSE is unsafe to the kidney of rodents while the lipid-free MOSE appears to be safe at doses up to 300 mg/kg body weight. Findings from this study suggested that the female pups were masculinized. In conclusion, the lipid-rich seed extracts of MOSE appear to be unsafe during pregnancy, induce hepatic and renal toxicity while the lipid-free MOSE excludes inherent toxicity as the hydrophobic part has been linked to toxicity as observed in this study due to the developmental programming effect on female offspring in rodents.

Sheep farming plays an important economic role, and it contributes to the livelihoods of many rural poor in several regions worldwide and particularly in Tunisia. Therefore, the steady improvement of ewes’ reproductive performance is a pressing need. The MTNR1A gene has been identified as an important candidate gene that plays a key role in sheep reproduction and its sexual inactivity. It is involved in the control of photoperiod-induced seasonality mediated by melatonin secretion. The aim of this study was to identify SNPs in the MTNR1A gene in two Tunisian breeds, Barbarine (B) and Queue Fine de l’Ouest (QFO). DNA extracted from the blood of 77 adult ewes was sequenced. Selected ewes were exposed to adult fertile rams. A total of 26 SNPs were detected; 15 SNPs in the promoter region and 11 SNPs in the exon II were observed in both (B) and (QFO) breeds. The SNP rs602330706 in exon II is a novel SNP detected for the first time only in the (B) breed. The SNPs rs430181568 and rs40738822721 (SNP18 and SNP20 in our study, respectively) were totally linked in this study and can be considered a single marker. DTL was associated with SNP18 and SNP20 in (B) ewes (p < 0.05); however, no significant difference was detected between the three genotypes (G/G, G/A, and A/A) at these two SNPs. Fertility rate and litter size parameters were not affected by SNP18 and SNP20. There was an association between these two polymorphisms and (B) lambs’ birth weights (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the ewes with the A/A genotype gave birth to lambs with a higher weight compared to the other two genotypes for this breed (p < 0.05). There was not an association between SNP 18 and SNP20 and (QFO) ewes’ reproductive parameters. These results might be considered in future sheep selection programs for reproductive genetic improvement.

• Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection of sperm was detected in 12.5% of Japanese infertile men. • HPV-DNA was localized to the head and mid-piece of sperm. • Patients with HPV detected in semen had lower sperm motility and concentration. • Patients with HPV detected in semen had an increase in seminal reactive oxygen species activity. The effects of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection on male reproductive parameters are currently a matter of controversy. In order to clarify the issue in Japanese infertile men, the prevalence and localization of HPV in semen, sperm parameters, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in seminal plasma were examined in 216 Japanese infertile men. DNA was extracted from liquid-based cytological semen samples. The β-globin gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and HPV-DNA was amplified using nested PCR with MY09/MY11 as outer primers and GP5+/GP6+ as inner primers. HPV genotyping was performed in the HPV-positive samples. In addition, SOD levels in seminal plasma were analysed quantitatively. In-situ hybridization (ISH) was performed to localize HPV-DNA in sperm from HPV-positive samples. Any-risk and high-risk prevalence rates of HPV in semen were 12.5% and 6.9%, respectively. No significant difference in the prevalence of HPV was observed between azoospermic and non-azoospermic subjects. Among non-azoospermic patients, those with HPV detected in semen had significantly lower sperm motility and concentration compared with subjects without HPV detected in semen. SOD levels in seminal plasma were significantly higher in HPV-positive patients compared with HPV-negative patients. ISH analysis of HPV-positive samples revealed that HPV-DNA was localized to the head and mid-piece of sperm. HPV-DNA was present in the sperm of young infertile men. HPV infection of sperm was associated with reduced sperm motility and concentration, and resulted in an increase in seminal SOD activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of 24 h' fasting prior to semen collection by electroejaculation on behavioral responses, volume of rectal fecal content, bladder size, penis protrusion, erection, ejaculation stimuli, and ejaculate parameters in young Simmental bulls. Twenty-two Simmental beef bulls with an age of 13.2 ± 1.2 mo (mean ± SD) were used in a prospective randomized blinded controlled cross-over design with two pens fasted for 24 h (n = 9; FAS group), and the other three pens were non-fasted (n = 13; CON group). The bulls were maintained under confined conditions without access to pasture. One week later, the pen treatments were inverted, and semen was collected again under the same conditions and by the same team. The behavioral responses, volume of fecal rectal content, bladder size, as well as the number of stimuli required to obtain penis protrusion, erection, and ejaculation to electroejaculation were measured. The following ejaculate parameters were measured: volume, concentration, spermatozoa motility, and morphology. The behavioral response of the bulls to electroejaculation was not different between the CON group and the FAS group (3.2 ± 0.5 and 3.0 ± 0.7, respectively; P = 0.36). Bladder size was significantly reduced in the FAS group compared with the CON group (2.3 ± 0.8 vs. 2.8 ± 0.9, respectively; P = 0.02). The volume of feces in the rectum was not different between the two groups (CON was 2.3 ± 1.7 and FAS was 3.0 ± 1.8; P = 0.23). Compared with the CON group, the FAS group showed a higher proportion of penis protrusion (100% versus 81.8%, P = 0.10), erection (100% versus 81.8%; P = 0.10), and ejaculation (100% versus 90.9%; P = 0.49). The combined efficiency of penis protrusion, erection, and ejaculation (CE-PPEE) in the FAS group was superior to that of the CON group (P = 0.001). The number of stimuli necessary for penis protrusion, erection, and ejaculation for the CON group were 13.5 ± 3.7, 14.9 ± 3.7, and 20.8 ± 5.8, and they were 15.0 ± 4.2, 16.6 ± 4.2, and 20.2 ± 8.1 for the FAS group. The number of stimuli for penis protrusion (P = 0.09), erection (P = 0.08), and ejaculation (P = 0.77) were no different between the two groups. Ejaculate volume was 4.0 ± 2.6 ml and 4.1 ± 2.3 ml for the CON and FAS groups, respectively (P = 0.90). The motility was 1.4 ± 0.7 and 1.4 ± 0.8 for the CON and FAS groups, respectively (P = 0.72). The concentration of spermatozoa was 336.2 ± 273.1 million and 421.1 ± 300.6 million for the CON and FAS groups, respectively (P = 0.31). The percentage of normal spermatozoa was 50.9 ± 18.8 and 45.6 ± 14.3 for the CON and FAS groups, respectively (P = 0.16). It was concluded that fasting for 24 h prior to semen collection by electroejaculation reduced the bladder size and increased the proportion of bulls with penis protrusion, erection, and ejaculation without any difference detected in behavioral responses, volume of rectal fecal content, and ejaculate parameters. •Fasting for 24 h prior semen collection by electroejaculation reduced the bladder size. •Increased the proportion of bulls with penis protrusion, erection and ejaculation. •No differences were detected in behavioral responses, volume of rectal fecal content, and ejaculate parameters compared with non-fasting beef bulls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vermicomposting of Biomedical waste ash (BA) by the earthworm Eisenia fetida was studied with cow dung (CD) as nutrient medium. For 105 days, experiment was carried out in seven vermireactors containing varying ratios of BA and CD. Earthworm activity significantly reduced the pH (8.61–7.24), Electrical conductivity (EC) (4.1–1.62), Total organic carbon (TOC) (38.6–14.92), and Carbon and nitrogen (C/N ratios) (145.4–8.2) of all BA ratios. Levels of Total kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) (0.26–1.82), Total available phosphorus (TAP) (0.22–0.64), Total potassium (TK) (2.05–12.08), and Total sodium (TNa) (47.53–92.26) were found to be increasing in the postvermicompost mixture. Although heavy metals content decreased from initial to final, it becomes below the permissible limits in the end product. The results showed that earthworm growth and fecundity were best in vermireactors containing 10–25% of BA. The best reproduction and growth of earthworms, demonstrate the vermicomposting's ability to manage hazardous solid wastes like BA. Use of vermitechnology to manage BA has not been performed yet in any kind of the research. Finally, it was determined that vermicomposting can be incorporated into overall plan for BA management. Thus nutrient-rich, detoxified, and physiochemically stable product may be used safely in agricultural processes.

Long-term monitoring programs of species at risk are efficacious tools to assess population changes, evaluate conservation strategies, and improve management practices to ensure populations reach levels at which they can fulfill their ecological roles. For sea turtles, annual nesting beach surveys are the most accessible method to estimating the population abundance and reproductive output, especially when these are done in primary nesting sites. However, little data exist on the long-term assessment of these parameters. Here, we present the trends of the nest abundance, female size, hatching, and emergence success of hawksbill (Eretmochelys imbricata) and green (Chelonia mydas) turtles at key nesting beaches in the southern Gulf of Mexico over 31 years (from 1990 to 2021). The nest abundance showed an increasing trend in both species as a result of the sustained protection and conservation effort, but there was no significant temporal trend in the annual female size, clutch size, hatching, and emergence success. However, these indicators showed decreasing mean values over the last decade and should be closely monitored. We suggest these decreases link to the combined effects of ocean warming and anthropogenic pressures affecting the sea turtle foraging grounds. Aside from protecting key nesting sites, protecting and restoring crucial foraging habitats should be an immediate priority requiring international cooperation.

Background & Objective: Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder that causes unpredictable, recurrent seizures. Oxidative stress and epilepsy have negative effects on the reproductive system and cause infertility. Antioxidants are effective in reducing infertility disorders. Satureja edmondi Briq is known as a powerful antioxidant that can reduce the effects of oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Saturejaedmondi on reproductive parameters in pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced epileptic and normal male rats. Materials & Methods: A total of 48 Wistar adult male rats were used in this experimental study. Animals were randomized into normal and kindled groups that were treated with 150 and 300 ppmS. edmondi essential oil. At the end of the study, the rats’ testes were removed following anesthesia. The testes were weighed, and sperm parameters were measured. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA test, and P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: This study showed that sperm parameters, including sperm count, sperm viability, and progressive sperm motility significantly decreased in epileptic rats compared to normal rats (p≤0.001). These parameters significantly increased at 150 and 300 ppm doses of S. edmondi essential oil in the Kindled groups (p≤0.001). Sperm parameters significantly increased at 300 ppm dose of S. edmondi essential oil in normal groups (p≤0.001). Moreover, changes in testis weight were not significant in the treatment groups. Conclusions: Satureja edmondi Briq, with abundant antioxidant compounds, improves the pathological changes induced by testicular oxidative stress in tic rats. S. edmondi as a good source of antioxidants can improve sperm parameters and reproductive potential in PTZ-induced epileptic male rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Coffee pulp has a high content of antioxidants capable of modifying the oxidative status in small ruminants. However, high amounts for a prolonged time can reduce fertility. Objective: To determine the effect of two inclusion levels of coffee pulp during estrous synchronization on reproductive variables and oxidative status of primiparous ewes. Methods: Sixty Suffolk x Dorset primiparous ewes were distributed into three treatments in a completely randomized design; T0: (n=20) 1.5 kg balanced diet, Tl: (n=20) 1.5 kg balanced diet and 5% coffee pulp, T2: (n=20) 1.5 kg balanced diet and 10% coffee pulp. Supplementation was given for 16 days before estrus synchronization and until the beginning of the breeding season. A progestogen (CIDR®) was inserted for ll days and a dose of PGF2a was applied two days prior to its withdrawal. Estrus detection started 12 hours after CIDR withdrawal. Blood samples were obtained during the supplementation period to measure oxidative status, antioxidant capacity, glucose and insulin, and up to 9 days after breeding to determine progesterone concentration. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed at 30 and 60 days post-breeding. An analysis of repeated measures of mixed effects and frequency analysis were carried out. Results: Inclusion of coffee pulp for a short period prior to breeding did not affect reproductive parameters, nor progesterone, glucose or insulin concentrations (p>0.05); however, antioxidant capacity increased, while lipid oxidation showed an opposite trend (p

The potato tuber moth, Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) is one of the important pests of solanaceous plants, especially potato Solanum tuberosum L., in many temperate areas of the world including Iran. In this study, essential oils were extracted from Artemisia absinthium L., Achillea millefolium L. and Artemisia dracunculus L. using Clevenger apparatus. One-day-old eggs were treated by sublethal concentrations (LC30) of essential oils, and their effects were studied on reproductive parameters and population growth parameters. Probit analysis of ovicidal effects showed that LC50 values for A. absinthium, A. millefolium and A. dracunculuswere 2.60, 2.36 and 1.08 µl/l air, respectively. The percentage of larval penetration into potato tubers was lower than untreated control. The values of intrinsic rate of increase (rm) in control and treatments of A. absinthium, A. millefolium and A. dracunculus were 0.107, 0.079, 0.081 and 0.087 day-1, respectively. The results of this study showed that tested essential oils have a good potential to protect stored potatoes from P. operculella infestation.

Introduction: Pentoxifylline (PEN) is a xanthine derivative used as a drug to inhibit the inflammatory factors activity, reduce blood viscosity and improve peripheral blood flow. Proteins play the most important role in reproductive parameters. The aim of the present investigation is to evaluate the effects of PEN against high-protein diet (HPD)-induced damage to the reproductive parameter of male rats. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 48 male rats were randomly divided to 8 groups: sham (normal protein diet) and HPD (35% protein) groups; PEN groups (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg) and HPD + PEN groups (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg). Animals of the HPD group have fed with high protein daily for 10 months. Daily PEN treatment was injected intraperitoneally. The sperm parameters, spermatogenesis index, total antioxidant capacity, testosterone level and seminiferous tubule diameter were analysed. Results: The values of all reproductive parameters reduced significantly in the HPD group compared to the sham group (P < 0.01). The whole doses of PEN and PEN + HPD groups increased all parameters significantly compared to the HPD group (P < 0.01). Conclusions: No significant modifications were observed in PEN groups in all doses compared to the sham group. PEN relieved the effects of HPD on reproductive parameters.

The present study aimed to study the reproduction of the Amazon turtle (Podocnemis expansa) through the evaluation of the reproductive parameters of adult females. This study was carried out in the Crixás-Açu River, municipality of Mundo Novo, state of Goiás, Brazil. In September, the biometrics of 20 females were evaluated during the spawning period. Their nests were marked for subsequent evaluation of hatchlings, measuring the distances of each nest to the river and vegetation. The second stage consisted of the evaluation of hatchlings and characterization of nests after egg hatching. The data were tested using the Pearson Correlation to measure the degree of linear correlation between the variables analyzed, such as the parameters of females, hatchlings, nests, and eggs. Nest depth was positively correlated with the number of eggshells found. We also found a correlation between the number of eggsshells and the distance of nests to the vegetation. Although moderate, this result indicates that as the distance to the vegetation increases, the number of eggshells found in nests decreases. The spawning site for Amazon turtle breeding is crucial to determine a higher number of eggs hatching and better development of hatchlings. However, the literature is still very scarce regarding the choice of spawning grounds and the influence that vegetation may have on the development of freshwater turtle hatchlings in Brazil.

Traditional use of Azadirachta indica in Asian countries suggests that the plant may have antifertility properties but in Nigeria, A. indica is fed to animals and used for traditional treatment of human and animal illnesses. This study therefore determined the reproductive and haematological effects of methanolic seed extract of A. indica (MSEAI), using adult female albino rats (AFAR) as experimental model. Sixty-four AFAR randomly assigned into four treatment groups (A - D) of 16 rats each were used. Group A was the control, while groups B, C and D received 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg doses of the extract daily for 28 consecutive days. Blood samples were collected on days 0 (base line), 14 and 28 to assay for haematological parameters. Thereafter, the rats were bred and fertility tests performed. Results showed that MSEAI significantly decreased (p=0.05) haemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume and red blood cell count in treated groups on day 28. Total and differential leukocyte counts showed no significant variations (p>0.05). The extract also caused abortion and fetal resorption especially in high dose (100 and 200 mg/kg) treatment groups. However, in rats that had successful parturition, gestation length, litter size, litter weight, number of corpora lutea, number of implantation sites and number of fetuses born alive were not significantly affected (p>0.05). Considering the adverse haematological and reproductive effects, feeding A. indica as forage or the traditional treatment in pregnant/breeding females could be counterproductive. However, the extract could find application as a contraceptive in nonbreeding females and in rodent depopulation programme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pigs are highly prolific but mismanagement practices can hamper their reproducibility. Consequently, reproductive and fertility parameters of pigs reared in 86 randomly selected piggeries in Enugu State, Nigeria were studied using structured questionnaire. Farmers' responses were validated from their farm records, where available. Majority of the farms stocked < 100 pigs (59.3 %). Intensive husbandry system (91.9 %) predominated in the piggeries. Open mating, hand breeding and artificial insemination were the breeding methods practiced in 52, 40.4 and 7.7 % of the farms respectively. Inter-farrowing intervals were five months and = seven months in 11.6 and 18.6 % of the piggeries. The numbers of piglets born alive per sow per year were: < 5 piglets (14 %), 5 - 10 piglets (36 %), 11 - 15 piglets (24 %) and = 15 piglets (26 %). Correspondingly, the numbers of piglets weaned per sow per year were: < 5 piglets (26 %), 5 - 10 piglets (40 %), 11 - 15 piglets (24 %) and = 15 piglets (10 %). Only 2 % of the piggeries attained production target of weaning = 20 piglets per sow per year. Major causes of pre-weaning piglet mortalities were scouring (52.3 %) and maternal overlay (16.3 %). The findings suggest that prolificacy and productivity of pigs farmed in Enugu State is suboptimum. This warrants provision of veterinary extension services, training on modern pig production methods and genetic improvement of breeding stocks to boost the reproductive and fertility parameters and hence productivity in pig farming enterprises in the State. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapid population growth of reintroduced lions ( Panthera leo) poses several ecological and management challenges in small (<1000 km2), fenced wildlife reserves. Changes in the natural social-ecological conditions of reintroduced lions can lead to a breakdown of natural predator--prey relationships and this is undesirable from both a biodiversity conservation and wildlife management perspective. Here,we present lion population vital rates across 16 small, fenced reserves in South Africa to test whether varying social ecological conditions, associated with lion population structures, can drive changes in vital rates. Study reserves were categorized (A--D) according to the number of resident prides and male coalitions. Lion population structure within a reserve affected lion vital rates differentially, and lion population growth was highest in reserves that contained a single resident pride. The presence of more than one pride in a reserve resulted in a younger age at first birth and marginally longer birth intervals. The presence of extra-pride adult males reduced cub survival, lioness age at first birth and birth intervals. These results can inform lion management decisions and, in particular, how lion population structure affects management outcomes. Our results also inform appropriate management protocols for lions depending on the specific social and ecological context of an individual reserve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to study the reproduction of the Amazon turtle (Podocnemis expansa) through the evaluation of the reproductive parameters of adult females. This study was carried out in the Crixás-Açu River, municipality of Mundo Novo, state of Goiás, Brazil. In September, the biometrics of 20 females were evaluated during the spawning period. Their nests were marked for subsequent evaluation of hatchlings, measuring the distances of each nest to the river and vegetation. The second stage consisted of the evaluation of hatchlings and characterization of nests after egg hatching. The data were tested using the Pearson Correlation to measure the degree of linear correlation between the variables analyzed, such as the parameters of females, hatchlings, nests, and eggs. Nest depth was positively correlated with the number of eggshells found. We also found a correlation between the number of eggsshells and the distance of nests to the vegetation. Although moderate, this result indicates that as the distance to the vegetation increases, the number of eggshells found in nests decreases. The spawning site for Amazon turtle breeding is crucial to determine a higher number of eggs hatching and better development of hatchlings. However, the literature is still very scarce regarding the choice of spawning grounds and the influence that vegetation may have on the development of freshwater turtle hatchlings in Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was aimed to investigate reproductive parameters, birth weight, weaning weight and survival rates of primiparousAwassi sheep, done by hand-mated, which were transferred from Ceylanpınar Agricultural Enterprise to İlciÇiçekdağı Agricultural Enterprise where the climate is colder than Ceylanpınar, has arid and hot climate conditions, also to check their adaptation and productivity in colder climates.The reproductive data was obtained from 985 primiparousAwassi yearling lambs, done controlled mating with 35 rams. The birth weight of newborn lambs was recorded and then the study was terminated with calculating weaning weight of the lambs.Estrousandlambing rate, litter sizewere calculated as 96.45%, 90.55%, 1.09 respectively. Twinning rate was found as 9.08%. Even though stillbirths were 0.12% for single lambs and 3.09% for twin lambs; mortality rate of lambs until weaning was found as 22.57% for single lambs and 20.57% for twin lambs. Lamb birth and weaning weights were determined as 4.75 and 29.52 kg for single lambs; 3.82 and 28.80 kg for twin lambs; 4.19 and 28.44 kg for females; 4.38 and 29.88 kg for males. Reproductive parameters of Awassi sheep raised in the unusual climate conditions such as rainy and cold weatherwere not affected as much as expected. Satisfactory results were obtained from the study regarding to reproductive parameters in different climates despite some management problems affecting lamb mortality rate. Genotypes and preservation of Awassi population in Ceylanpınar Agricultural Enterprise are said to be really in good conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A long-term study of a common bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) population inhabiting the Gulf of Guayaquil, Ecuador (2°33′ S, 79°20′W), has been carried out for almost 30 years. Similarly, as in other parts of the world, this population is structured socially and spatially in well-defined subunits or communities. Two of these communities, referred to as Posorja and El Morro, have been studied with major intensity in the last 10 years in the western inner estuary, among others to calculate population parameters that allow assessing their viability in time. Calculated parameters include annual abundance, age and sex composition, annual crude birth rate, calf survival, calf production interval, and average annual mortality/emigration. With these parameters and others derived from other better-studied populations, the trend of both subunits was modeled using the software Vortex. Results show that even under an optimistic scenery both communities will be extinct in the short (Posorja) and mid-term (El Morro), if current stressors continue. Most population parameters calculated in both communities show similar values as in populations elsewhere, but a very low calf survival in Posorja and high mortality/emigration ratios in adults, and probably in juveniles in both communities, contribute to this trend. Population deterioration seems to be the result of different human-induced threats such as fisheries, maritime traffic and others still not well assessed, as well as stochastic demographic events. We recommend taking actions in the short term to halt population decline addressing the major causes of mortality affecting these dolphin communities.

The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of season and number of parity on the reproductive performance of sows kept on a commercial farm. To achieve this objective, 800 nrs productive parent sows and a total of 958 parities were analyzed. The results show that sow’s breeding season had a significant effect on the weaning-to-oestrus interval, the farrowing rate, the litter size and weaning piglets with positive results during autumn, winter and spring seasons. The number of parity has a significant effect on the weaning-to-oestrus interval, litter size and weaning piglets with acceptable values in sows with more farrowing. The results of this study on a pig farm with analysis which highlights the risk factors associated with reproductive performance of sows, could be used to improve sow farm practices.

Different issues associated to post-cervical artificial insemination (PCAI) in sows such as bleeding, suppuration, or semen backflow and their impact on the farm reproductive parameters were evaluated. PCAI of 1991 Large White × Landrace multiparous sows were realised in a commercial pig farm in Tauste (Zaragoza, Spain). The parameters studied were: the cycle of the sow (parity); need to perform three or more inseminations per cycle; presence of bleeding or suppurations after insemination, semen backflow; abortions; farrowing rate; returns on heat, total alive, dead and weaned piglets per litter. The results showed that the cycle of the sow was significantly associated with the need to perform three or more inseminations per cycle, a lower farrowing rate, more abortions, lower number of total, alive and weaned born piglets per litter. Furthermore, bleeding was related to a lower total and alive born piglets per litter as well as to the sow cycle number.

Tie-stall and loose housing are the main housing systems adopted in Piemontese cattle farms in Piedmont Region (North Western Italy). In this study, we used the ANI35/L2000 index to assess the cattle welfare in both types of housing systems, by studying 56 farms. Within each housing system, farms were classified as 'low', 'sufficient' or 'good' welfare farms, according to the score obtained, and this score was associated with reproductive parameters of cows. A higher welfare score was obtained in loose housing farms. Calving intervals and annual calf to cow ratio showed significantly better values in the loose housing system compared to tie stalls. Within tie stalls system, better reproductive performance has been recorded in farms with a higher welfare classification.

Background: Pesticide toxicity is one of the major environmental health problems for the modern societies, as some of the effects may last long time after exposure. Propoxur is one of the Carbamate pesticide largely used in agriculture in the Western region of Cameroon. Methods: In order to evaluate the post-exposure effects of propoxur, 48 male rats (12 animals per group) aged 30 d were orally gavaged with 0.00, 1.73, 2.60 and 5.20 mg.kg-1 body weight of propoxur for 90 d. At the end of treatment, 6 rats per group were sacrificed and others were followed up for 90 additional days and submitted to a fertility test before sacrifice. Results: At the end of exposure propoxur significantly increased (P

The feed of grasscutters is particularly rich in organic matter (proteins), vitamins, minerals and energy. This study aims is to evaluate the effect of the incorporation of three levels of dietary supplements in the diet on some reproductive parameters in raised grasscutter (Thryonomys swinderianus) in a farm in Grand-Lahou on Côte d’Ivoire. The experimental design consists of a randomized complete block with three treatments and three repetitions. Dietary treatments were of three levels: 15, 25 and 50 % of additional food ingredients corresponding respectively to 85, 75 and 50 % of green fodder. The following three food rations were tested: 75 % forage and 25 % of food supplements (diet T25); 50 % forage and 50 % of food supplements (diet T50); 85 % forage and 15 % of food supplements (diet T15). Forty-five breeding grasscutters of which thirty-six are female and nines males were used, with the presence of feed and a water source for nutrition and watering the animals and a secure reproductive building. The results showed a positive effect of diet T15 in grasscutter husbandry that helps enhance flock reproduction. The best reproductive performances that were statistically significant (p

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of single or double Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) injections at the time of mating and following on day 9 on pregnancy rates and litter size in ewes. Oestrus was synchronized in 130 adult ewes using intravaginal sponges containing 20 mg of fluorogestone acetate for 14 days. All ewes received 10 IU/kg of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) at the sponge withdrawal. Then animals were divided into three groups. Ewes in group 1 (G1; Control, n = 68) received 1 ml placebo injection. In group 2 (G2; n = 30), ewes in oestrus were treated with 1 ml GnRH (4 μg/ml) at the time of mating. In group 3 (G3; n = 32), ewes were injected 1 ml GnRH not only at the time of mating but also on day 9 post-mating. There was significantly higher in duration of oestrus G1 compared with the G2 and G3. Pregnancy rate was found to be higher in G3 (96.0%) than in G1 (72.7%) and G2 (83.3%). The litter size was significantly higher for G3 (1.26 ± 0.14) in comparison with the G1 (1.18 ± 0.07) and G2 (1.22 ± 0.10). In conclusion, Post-mating GnRH injection enhanced the pregnancy rate and litter size, because of its beneficial effects on embriyo viability by increasing luteal formations.

The aim of this study was to determine the semen quality, sexual behaviour and testosterone (T) levels in Saint Croix rams under semi-desert climate conditions. Sixteen rams (70.6 ± 12.5 kg; 24.1 ±0.3 months old) were randomly divided into a grazing group (GG, n =8) cind a supplemented group (supplemented individually with 1 kg.d-1 of concentrate (156 g CP.kg-1 DM and 2.5 Mcal EM.kg-1 DM). SG, n = 8). Each group grazed on buffel, grass. Every two weeks, semen was collected, and sexual behaviour traits were evaluated. SG rams had greater body weight (P <0.0001) and greater semen quality than the GG rams. SG rams had greater values for reaction time and lateral approaches than GG rams (P <0.0001). No interaction was found between treatment and month for T concentration (P < 0.05); the SG rams had greater values during most of the months, but GG rams had greater values during September. Month had a significant effect on T concentration (P <0.05) with the highest values in autumn. It can be concluded that Saint Croix rams are able to adapt to adverse environmental conditions and that supplementary feed prior to the mating season improves ram sexual behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ooencyrtus gonoceri Viggiani (Hymenoptera Encyrtidae) is a poorly known egg parasitoid species with an apparently rare occurrence in the Mediterranean basin. It was originally identified in southern Italy emerging from Gonocerus acuteangulatus (Goeze) eggs and successively recorded also from Spain. Recently O. gonoceri emerged from sentinel egg batches of Halyomorpha halys (Stal) (Hemiptera Pentatomidae) in central Italy. Due to the scanty data on this species, biological and demographic parameters of O. gonoceri were investigated under laboratory conditions on the alternative host Graphosoma italicum italicum (Muller) (Hemiptera Pentatomidae). Estimated fecundity was over 200 eggs/female and the mean progeny production per female was high (173.76 specimens). At the standard rearing condition (26 °C) the development time of both sexes was similar and adults emerged after two weeks. Moreover O. gonoceri females lived much longer than males and the host feeding behaviour resulted irrelevant for the parasitoid longevity. The main biological parameters of O. gonoceri were similar to those reported for other cogeneric species. However, this species appeared to be a very effective egg parasitoid if compared with Ooencyrtus telenomicida (Vassiliev) reared on the same host. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using alternative feedstuffs to replace corn and soybean in domestic poultry diets, as agroindustry by-products, may reduce production costs. Corn gluten meal is a by-product resulting of corn processing to obtain oil and starch. Aiming to evaluate the use of this ingredient in rooster’s diet and its effects on sperm characteristics, 40 roosters with 68 to 72 weeks of age, randomly distributed in individual boxes, were tested. Two treatments were used: treatment 1 (control) - with corn and soybean meal, and treatment 2 - with 10% of corn gluten meal in the diet. Semen collection and body weight verification were performed during 4 weeks. Semen variables evaluated were volume, sperm concentration, motility, membrane integrity, acrosome integrity, and DNA integrity. Results showed that there was no significant difference between treatments, which allows the use of 10% of corn gluten meal in rooster’s diet. Therefore, corn gluten meal can be an alternative diet’s input, especially when there is corn or soybean market restriction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plant-derived compounds can be an environmentally friendly alternative to synthetic pesticide use for pest management. Essential oils (EOs) in several plant families have been found to be toxic to various pest species of insects through topical application, ingestion, and as fumigants. Previous studies revealed that, among various environmentally friendly insecticides, the EOs of Baccharis dracunculifolia and Pinus elliottii and an ethanol extract of Solanum granulosoleprosum plus Ricinus communis, were toxic to Ceratitis capitata and Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae) when applied topically to pupae or when ingested by adults. Here, we aimed to examine the potentially toxic effects of these plant-derived compounds when these two pestiferous fruit fly species were exposed to their vapors. We also examined their fumigant effect on female fecundity and fertility and compared it with water and ethanol controls. Exposure of C. capitata and A. fraterculus sexually mature adults to volatiles and vapors of both B. dracunculifolia and P. elliottii EOs resulted in lower longevity (half-life), survivorship, and female fecundity than the water vapor control. Toxicity of C. capitata was greater for P. elliottii than for B. dracunculifolia while the reverse was true for A. fraterculus. Exposure to vapors of S. granulosoleprosum + R. communis (S + R) had no effect on longevity but reduced survivorship of adults of both species. Interestingly, exposure to vapors of S + R, 50% (v/v) and pure ethanol resulted in greater fecundity of females of both frugivorous fly species than the water control. By contrast, fertility (% egg hatch) was in all cases high (>85%) and not different than the water control. Exposure to ethanol vapors appears to have similar effects on frugivorous tephritids as those reported on saprophagous and frugivorous species of Drosophila, a novel finding that may have important practical implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Veterinarska Stanica is the property of Croatian Veterinary Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aims of this study were to compare the richness and the population traits of exotic and native peracarid species in two ports of the Southwestern Atlantic (Mar del Plata: MDP, Puerto Madryn: PMY), in order to discuss the vulnerability of these environments to biological invasions, to explore the current status of these assemblages and to study the life history traits that could favour the establishment of exotic species in these ports. Five biofouling samples were taken each season from 2016 to 2017. The present study showed that exotic species were dominants in both ports but profound differences were registered between environments: MDP port is characterized by the absence of native species and highest richness of exotic species (n = 7 spp.); while in PMY port two native species were registered and exotic species (n = 2 spp.) showed lower richness than MDP port. The analysis of species assemblages and life history traits allows us to discuss the potential invasive pattern of peracarids in the Southwestern Atlantic, suggesting that factors, such as propagule pressure, port infrastructure, pollution levels are closely related to the differences in vulnerability of these artificial environments to biological invasions. In addition, the population dynamics and the reproductive traits of exotic species could explain their establishment and proliferation in the marine environments studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effects of sub-lethal dose of pyriproxyfen on the reproduction of second instar Spodoptera litura larvae as reported. At LC30 and LC50 concentrations, pyriproxyfen influenced the pre-oviposition period (4.7 d as compared to 1.4 d in control), oviposition period (2.2 d as compared to 5.2 d in control), post-oviposition period (2.1 d as compared to 1.0 d in control), fecundity (144.9 eggs as compared to 805.8 in control), egg size (0.012 mm³ as compared to 0.027 mm³ in control), reproductive effort (1.76 as compared to 21.76 in control), egg hatchability (76% as compared to 92% in control) and survival of newly emerged larvae (66% as compared to 92% in control). Ultrastructural studies revealed reduced dimensions (0.0004 ± 0.0002 mm³) of the ovarioles in the treated females. The observed effects of pyriproxyfen on the reproductive physiology of the insect suggest that it can be used as a control tool for the management of S. litura populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Tribulus terrestris has antioxidant and free-radical-scavenging properties. Malathion is the most common organophosphate, which is capable to produce free radicals and induce disturbance on some of male reproductive parameters. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of T. terrestris extract against damage induced by Malathion to the reproductive parameter of male rats. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 48 male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to eight groups: first group, sham group (normal saline); second group, Malathion (250 mg/kg) group; third to fifth groups, T. terrestris groups (2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg body weight, respectively); and sixth to eight groups, Malathion + T. terrestris groups (2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg). Tribulus terrestris extract (2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg body weight, respectively) administrated orally, and daily for 8 weeks. The sperm parameters, testis malondialdehyde (MDA), serum total antioxidant capacity, serum testosterone level, and the height of germinal layer were evaluated and analyzed statistically. Results: All the values of male reproductive parameters reduced significantly in the Malathion group as compared to the sham group (P < 0.01) except MDA level, which increased significantly. The T. terrestris and T. terrestris + Malathion treatments in all doses increased the whole parameters significantly as compared to the Malathion group (P < 0.01) except MDA level, which decreased significantly. No significant changes were observed in all T. terrestris groups as compared to the sham group (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Tribulus terrestris extract administration attenuates the toxic effects of Malathion on some of the male reproductive parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Animal populations living at the periphery of species range are characterized by increased natural mortality, which affects the pattern of population dynamics and reproductive potential of individuals. However, trends of variation in reproductive parameters along ecological gradients are as yet unclear. Analysis of age at maturity, timing of pregnancy, and rates of postnatal development in reproductive pairs of northern mole voles (Ellobius talpinus) kept under laboratory conditions has shown that the test parameters in a population living at the northeastern periphery of the species range (Novosibirsk oblast) are different from those in a population from the optimal zone of the range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) on the sperm characteristic and some reproductive parameters in male rats. In this experiment (60) animals of male rats were divided randomly into four equal groups, Group 1: rats were treated with normal saline (0.9% NaCl) and considered as control group. Group 2: rats were treated with Phenytoin (100 mg/kg) body weight. Group 3: rats were treated with Topiramate (100 mg/kg) body weight. Group 4: rats were treated with Levetiracetam (150 mg/kg) body weight. The results showed a significant decrease (P <0.05) in testicular weight, total epididymal weight, prostate weight and seminal vesicle weight in G2, G3 group compared with control group. There was a significant decrease (p≤0.05) in serum testosterone level in all groups as compared to the control group, with no significant difference in serum FSH level and serum LH level in all groups as compared to the control group. These results show a significant (p<0.05) decrease in the sperm count, active Sperm motility %, Viable sperm % in each treated group in comparison with control group. On the other hand, there was a significant (p<0.05) increase in abnormal sperms % in each treated group compared with control group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Thymus vulgaris is an herbal with potent antioxidant and it has been shown to have beneficial effects during short-term administration. Myleran (MYL) is used for treatment of certain types of tumors. MYL produces free radicals and induces disturbance in sperm parameters. Aims: This study is designed to assess the effects of T. vulgaris against damage to the male rats' reproductive features induced by MYL. Subjects and Methods: Sixty-four male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into eight groups: control group; MYL (10 mg/kg) group; T. vulgaris groups (4.5, 9, and 18 mg/kg); and MYL (10 mg/kg) + T. vulgaris groups (4.5, 9, and 18 mg/kg; separately). Treatments were administered daily intraperitoneal injection for 60 days. Total antioxidant capacity, sperm factors, malondialdehyde (MDA), testosterone, and germinal layer height were analyzed. Results: Whole variables of MYL group decreased signifcantly compared to the control group (P < 0.05) except MDA level (which increased). The T. vulgaris and T. vulgaris + MYL treatments in all doses increased all parameters significantly except MDA level (which decreased) compared to the MYL group (P < 0.05). No significant modifications were observed in all T. vulgaris groups compared to the control group (P > 0.05). Conclusions: T. vulgaris reduces the poisonous properties of MYL on male reproductive factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Al-Anbar Journal of Veterinary Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Due to the origin and diversity of goldfish, it is a suitable model organism to investigate the effect of artificial selection on reproduction and larval development. In the present study, four, well-known variants of goldfish (common goldfish, shubunkin, black moor, oranda) with considerable phenotypical differences were compared within the framework of gamete quality assessment, propagation trial, larvae rearing and morphology assessment. In our first experiment, sperm concentration, sperm volume per fish (sperm volume) and volume of sperm per kg of body weight of males did not differ significantly between the variants. Concerning the measured Computer-Assisted Sperm Analysis (CASA) system parameters, shubunkin and oranda had significantly higher progressive motility (pMOT, %) than black moor. Tendencies in female gamete production were observed in the second experiment, despite not all cases displaying significant differences. For pseudo-gonadosomatic index (PGSI, %), higher values were recorded for the globular-bodied goldfish, while the contrary was seen for the number of eggs per gram. Out of the four variants, a significantly higher fertilization rate was determined for oranda, while a significantly lower hatch rate was calculated for black moor. In the third experiment, a significant difference in the body length of freshly hatched larvae was observed between common goldfish and shubunkin during larvae rearing. However, at 3 days post-hatching (dph), shubunkin and oranda had a significant difference in this parameter. At 10 dph, common goldfish and shubunkin had significantly lower body weights than black moor and oranda. Moreover, developmental variances between common goldfish and black moor were observed in larvae morphology. At the end of larvae rearing, a significantly higher survival rate was recorded for common goldfish than for shubunkin and oranda. Even though not all parameters show considerable differences between the variants, black moor is far behind the others in terms of hatching rate and morphological abnormalities. Thousands of years of artificial selection have had a noticeable mark on the reproductive capacity and larval development of goldfish variants studied. Our results may contribute to further research on the impact of artificial selection on reproductive biology. • Differences in the qualitative indicators of gametes were observed in goldfish variants. • Different growth rates were detected for variants with distinct body shapes. • The presence of abnormalities is presumably correlated with phenotypic marks. • Artificial selection has affected reproductive capacity and larval development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper carried out first exhausted investigations on pest status of the cowpea weevil Callosobruchus maculatus on two food legumes namely chickpea (Amdoun 1 variety) and lentil (Ncir variety) during six months of storage. Data on populations’ dynamic, demographic traits, reproductive parameters, juvenile and adult fitness, economic injury level (EIL) and damages (impact on germination and weight losses) were studied through this work. Results revealed that C. maculatus is a major pest on stored chickpea in Tunisia. Moreover, results indicated that reproductive parameters, the juvenile and adult fitness of C. maculatus exhibited great variations among hosts. In this respect, linear regression analysis demonstrated that hosts have significant effects on adult fitness. Results showed that host contributed respectively by 77% for body weight and 80% for body size. Chickpea was more suitable host compared to lentil, since the mortality rate of eggs and larvae and the generation duration means were higher in lentil. In addition, significant differences were observed in the Susceptibility Index of the two food legume hosts showing chickpea seeds as moderately susceptible to C. maculatus attacks while, lentil seeds were resistant. C. maculatus caused large reductions in seed germination (78% chickpea and 33% lentil for highest infestation level 80%) and seeds weight (45% for chickpea against 8% for lentil after 6 months of storage) of both hosts; the infestation levels and the weight losses were significantly different in the storage periods. Overall, this study provides reasons for farmers and traders to make a decision to take a control action against C. maculatus during storage. Moreover, this work pointed out the variability of economic injury levels with host legumes.

The aim of this paper was to analyse the reproductive parameters (fertility, prolificacy, number of lambs raised and reproductive performance) in sheep of mixed wool in Poland in the years 2005-2015. In the years subject to analysis a decline was observed, both in the population of sheep and in the population of ewes of all breeds and varieties entered in the herd books in Poland. A growth was noticed, however, in the population of four conservation breeds (heath sheep, świniarka sheep, coloured Polish mountain sheep and podhale zackel sheep), which constituted in 2015 25.6% of domestic population of ewes entered in the herd books. The growing number of the studied ewes' populations was nevertheless parallel with negative development tendencies in terms of the evaluated reproductive parameters.

Purpose. To analyze the results of cultivation and give fish-breeding and biological characteristics of age-3 brood rainbow trout grown using industrial technology in the conditions of the trout farm "Sloboda Banyliv." Methodology. Fish cultivation was carried in tank conditions of the trout farm "Sloboda Banyliv". The material for the study were age-3 brood rainbow trout obtained from eggs of the fall-spawning form of rainbow trout. Cultivation was carried out in a 216 m2 tank, stocking density of 255 fish/m2, using standard trout culture methods. Statistical analysis of the material was performed in Microsoft Office Excel (2003). Analysis of the variables was performed in the system of absolute values. The analysis criteria were their mean values mean deviations (M±m), standard error (σ), variability coefficient (Cv). Fish were fed with specialized feed manufactured by “BioMar” (Denmark) with a high protein content (more than 40%). Findings. Based on the performed selective-breeding works aimed at creating brood stocks of rainbow trout, it was found that brood fish reared in the industrial conditions of the fish farm “Sloboda Banyliv”, despite instable culture conditions, were characterized by a moderate growth rate and had high values of productive and reproductive features. Mean weight of age-3 rainbow trout females was 1282.5 g, fecundity — 3.48 thousand eggs. Mean weight of produced eggs was 239.17 g, while individual parameters were 70.4 mg for the weight and 4.58 mm for the diameter. Originality. For the first time a study aimed at the formation of brood stocks of rainbow trout with analysis of phenotypic and productive features in the conditions of a fish farm with instable temperature and water regimes has been conducted. Practical value. The results of the performed work will allow selecting and forming a brood stock with high values of productive and reproductive features.

Aim: Evaluation of the effect of clinical mastitis (CM) and its treatment outcome on the reproductive performance in crossbred cows retrospectively. Materials and Methods: Datasets of 835 lactating cows affected with CM during a period of 12 years (2001-2012) were considered for this study. Mastitis treatment related data and reproductive parameters such as days to first detected heat (DTFDH), days to first insemination (DTFI), days open (DO), and number of services per conception (SC) were collected from mastitis treatment and artificial insemination registers, respectively. Data were analyzed by ANOVA using SPSS 20 software. The means were compared with the Duncan's multiple comparison post-hoc test. Results: CM affected cows had significantly (p

Objective of this paper was to evaluate phenotypic variability of fertility traits of indigenous breeds of Mangalitsa (Swallow-Belly Strain Mangalitsa-SBSM), Moravka breed (M) and Resavka (R). Indigenous pig populations are usually constituted by a quite low number of active boars and sows. Their pedigree information is lacking or absent, complete phenotypic description is usually not available for most of these populations that are very well adapted to specific local agro-climatic environments. In controlled herds in period of four years, the average age at first farrowing (AFF) was 18.5 months with large variability of 5.9 months for Swallow belly Mangalitsa. Less AFF (14.3 months) and less variability (4.4 months), in relation to SBSM, determined for Moravka breed while for Resavka determined age of 14.7 months with at least variability for this trait from 4.4 months. The average number of piglets born alive (for a period of four years) of SBSM was the lowest from 4.37 to 4.81; in case of M and R, this value was significantly (P

The present survey was performed to analyze standard operating procedures for swine development and fertility based on prevailing reproductive management practices among different swine farms of Punjab. The average farrowing rate, farrowing interval, weaning to estrus interval, weaning to conception interval and age at first breeding were 71.5±11.4%, 165.4±13.8 days, 8.3±2.1 days, 42.7±11.0 days and 8.1±1.3 months, respectively. Mean live litter size at birth and weaning were 9.9±3.6 and 8.1±3.3 piglets per farrowing, respectively. Most farmers (94.1%) kept pigs in loose housing system with a mixture of both stalls and pens, and used cement and brick as construction material for sties. Majority of farms (84.3%) functioned as farrow to wean with intensive production systems (75.5%). The labor to animal ratio of 1:50 was most common. Accurate and well maintained records were noticed at 66.7% farms. Start of boar exposure after weaning began within 1 day, occurring most often in morning, with exposure times varying from < 2–5 min/sow in 87.3% farms. Natural mating was allowed within minutes to hours after detection of estrus on 100% of farms. At all farms (100%), sows were allowed ô€´1 chance for breeding after conception failure before culling. Summer infertility was observed on 56.9% of farms. Feeding method for lactating sows was divided between ad lib. and gradual daily increase of concentrate feed and kitchen waste. None of the farmer practiced docking in newborn piglets. These results suggest that reproductive management of farms in key areas related to weaning, breeding, gestation, feeding and health care could be a source of varying reproductive performance among swine.