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The increase in the number of extreme weather events is already part of the reality of thousands of cities and understanding the determinants of these global weather patterns challenges both specialist researchers and the general population. One of the main challenges now is to protect society from these factors. Given this, the path to a city that resists the risks of climate change is to the extent that educational practices that lead to a reflective attitude around the problem are expanded. The methodology adopted in this work corresponds to research aimed at the vulnerability of cities in relation to climate change, and also to adaptations, possible or not, of cities, in order to seek protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cycram (CYC), or cyclophosphamide is an alkylating drug that has been widely used in the acute treatment of various neoplastic diseases and in the chronic treatment of autoimmune disorders. The major limitation of CYC chemotherapy is the injury of normal tissue, leading to multiple organ toxicity and alter male fertility in mice, rats and human, leading to testicular damage and decreasing in RNA, DNA and protein synthesis. The present study aims to evaluate the protective role of methanol extract of Ferula hermonis (FH) against CYC induced changes in testicular RNA, DNA and protein content as well sperm morphology, count and motility, blood levels of testosterone (T) and hemoglobin (Hb) in adult male albino rats. Ninety adult albino male rats were divided into 3 main treated groups (30 animals each) according to treatment periods (15, 30 and 60 days), every one divided to 3 subgroups according to CYC dose (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg bw/day, 10 animals each), and each subgroup divided to 2 sub-sub groups treated with CYC and CYC+ FH 0.025 ml/100 g bw/day by gavage, respectively, (5 animals each), besides the control (10 animals). Animals were sacrificed, sperm morphology with its count and motility, as well RNA, DNA and protein content, and testosterone and hemoglobin levels were determined. The results revealed that CYC treatment induced alterations in RNA, DNA and protein synthesis, as well as affected T and Hb levels and sperm abnormalities of male rats. However, supplementation of FH extract protects these parameters against CYC toxicities. The protective actions of FH extract seem to be closely involved with the suppressing of plasma lipid peroxidation and increasing of antioxidant enzyme activities. Therefore, FH extract might be used in combination with CYC in cancer patients' therapy, transplantation and autoimmune diseases as a protective agent against CYC-induced reproductive toxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article uses snapshots , rather than the ongoing flows of diffusion/contestation typically emphasized by constructivists, to explore the exercise of power through normative change. Its case is a high-profile Human Rights Council initiative: the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGP s). These UNGP s have successfully presented meanings as fixed while actually stretching those meanings' boundaries. They reconceptualize what it means to "respect" and "protect" human rights. This is surprising given that the principles were framed as a conservative exercise at clarification, and under-noticed due to the legal rather than conceptual focus of the existing critical literature. To respect human rights, according to the UNGP s, agents need to take costly positive action. Furthermore, protect obligations come before respect. These are significant innovations. On the other hand, two missed opportunities of the UNGP s are their thin harm-based foundation for respect obligations, and their state centrism about who has duties to protect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This question on how religious beliefs shape attitudes about guns has received little attention in the literature. We use the religious concept of supernatural evil, or beliefs about Satan, Hell, Armageddon, and demons, to provide context for ideas about gun ownership and the development of attitudes toward gun policy. While this has been explored quantitatively using national survey data, we argue that an in‐depth qualitative approach provides necessary nuance. As part of an ongoing ethnography in Northeastern Kansas, we conducted interviews with 55 women and 7 men who own and shoot guns. For this paper, we report on a religion module subsample that probes religiosity, spirituality, and gun ownership. Based on the rich contextual information from the interviews, we illuminate a package of beliefs that come together as an ethic, a set of moral principles guiding gun ownership for a subset of gun owners. We suggest the spirit of gun ownership is a bundle of duties that guide individual gun owners to stress the need to protect, be diligent, and defend. Moreover, belief in supernatural evil is bound up in policy attitudes that protect or expand gun rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Health professions preventing and controlling Coronavirus Disease 2019 are prone to skin and mucous membrane injury, which may cause acute and chronic dermatitis, secondary infection and aggravation of underlying skin diseases. This is a consensus of Chinese experts on protective measures and advice on hand‐cleaning‐ and medical‐glove‐related hand protection, mask‐ and goggles‐related face protection, UV‐related protection, eye protection, nasal and oral mucosa protection, outer ear, and hair protection. It is necessary to strictly follow standards of wearing protective equipment and specification of sterilizing and cleaning. Insufficient and excessive protection will have adverse effects on the skin and mucous membrane barrier. At the same time, using moisturizing products is highly recommended to achieve better protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We live in a time characterized by a dynamic arms race and other types of military activities. The bulk of the mass-produced weapons are of a technological nature. Biological assets are among the most dangerous for mass destruction man has ever produced. Biological weapons are a part of the human need for power and strong power. It is endangering the 20th and 21st centuries. Biological weapons are made up of viruses, bacteria, microorganisms, fungi, prostheses, and people are the victims. Quite innocent... Little is known in the public about him and his protection. Biological weapons affect humans, animals and plants. In this paper we want to clarify what biological weapons are and what are the measures to protect them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heritage is one of the most important elements of the civilization of peoples and their culture and treats its past and takes pride in its civilization and its former glory, so what is expressed by civilization from its heritage and history is a set of stories and traditions, because this represents the accumulation of a set of experiences and experiences that constitute a legacy of society extending through its predecessors to the present time. And that caring for the cultural heritage through organizing the necessary legal protection leads to preserving a part of replace if it is lost or damaged. Administrative police are divided into two categories (preventive and curative) that the administration can use to maintain public order if it is incorrect. The administration can use these methods to protect heritage, because protecting public order includes protecting the archaeological and heritage environment. In this research, we will focus on explaining preventive administrative control means to protect cultur al and natural heritage, through which the administration exercises its authority to protect and preserve the heritage from the damage caused by the Assaults that occur on it [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research a nano polymeric coating has been prepared to be used for the protection of the external surface of oil pipelines (medium carbon steel (CK50)) from corrosion in salt water (3.6% NaCl) . This coating is reinforced by inorganic (nano and micro) additives to apply a high resistance against chemicals and salts. These oxides protect the epoxy resin from degradation by preventing the epoxy molecules and active functional groups from absorbing ultraviolet light in the range (290-315) nm strongly.This coating is also resistant to the high and low temperatures, humidity, scratch and water. This coating was prepared from the reaction of 2-[[4-[2-[4-(Oxiran-2-ylmethoxy) phenyl] propan-2-yl] phenoxy] methyl] oxirane (Diglycidyl Ether of Bisphenol A) and the hardener (EDA). The mixing ratio of the two parts was (4:1). Reinforced with inorganic (nano and micro) additives such as titanium dioxide (TiO2) and zinc oxide (ZnO) which have been used as an anticorrosion. These additives are non-toxic, thermally stable and have a high degree of the miscibility with epoxy. The weight percentages of the mixing are (0 and 10 % wt). The corrosion rate results show that using (nano and micro) coating give good results in increasing the corrosion resistance compared with the (non additives) epoxy.This coating was characterized using different spectroscopic methods (FT-IR, UV/Vis). Several tests were conducted , including differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) , mechanical tests and evaluation of corrosion resistance was made by using static potential test.

In spite of the development of the protection of civilians, prisoners of war and even foreigners in armed conflicts, particularly in twentieth century, such an improvement in legal systems, except in the Islamic law, is not observed in respect of the obligation of states to support their own soldiers and forces. The Quadruple Geneva Conventions and its Additional protocols are important legal steps to protect civilians and prisoners, but similar steps have not been taken to address the obligation of states for protection of their own troops in legal systems. Some states even consider the soldiers as a property with whom any treatment is allowed. The emergence of such changes as happened in the Persian Gulf Syndrome as well as the Sexual Assaults crisis in the US military, especially during the occupation of Afghanistan and Iraq, have made a focus on the obligation of states to protect their own forces. Due to the lack of international documents on the obligation of governments to protect their own soldiers, theoretically, it seems that some legal principles could be extracted from International Human Rights and Humanitarian Law, particularly, on the basis of customary rights and at the top of them, principles of the right to life and human dignity. The provisions of the Geneva Conventions, its Additional protocols and more than 20 out of 161 customary principles codified by the International Committee of Red Cross, provide indirect guidelines on the obligation of states to protect their own soldiers .

Abstract Introduction Sensitive neuropsychological tests are needed to improve power for clinical trials in early Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods To develop a neuropsychological composite (FLAME – Factors of Longitudinal Attention, Memory and Executive Function), we assessed, 10,714 participants over the age of 50 from PROTECT with validated computerized assessments for 2 years. A factorial analysis was completed to identify the key cognitive factors in all participants, and further analyses examined sensitivity to change in people with stage 2/3 early Alzheimer's disease (AD) according to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) framework. Results The FLAME composite score (speed of attention, accuracy of attention, memory, and executive function) distinguished between normal cognition and stage 2/3 early AD at baseline, and was sensitive to cognitive and global/functional decline over 2 years, with the potential to improve power for clinical trials. Discussion FLAME is sensitive to change, providing a straightforward approach to reduce sample size for RCTs in early AD. Conclusion FLAME is a useful computerized neuropsychology composite with utility for clinical trials focusing on cognition.

Background: Understanding the factors influencing individuals' health decisions is a dynamic research question. Particularly, after China announced the deregulation of the COVID-19 epidemic, health risks escalated rapidly. The convergence of "no longer controlled" viruses and the infodemic has created a distinctive social period during which multiple factors may have influenced people's decision-making. Among these factors, the precautionary intentions of older individuals, as a susceptible health group, deserve special attention., Objective: This study aims to examine the intention of older adults to engage in preventive behaviors and the influencing factors, including social, media, and individual factors, within the context of the postepidemic era. Drawing upon the structural influence model of communication, this study tests the potential mediating roles of 3 different types of media exposure between cognitive and structural social capital and protective behavior intention, as well as the moderating role of negative emotions between social capital and media exposure., Methods: In this study, a web survey was used to collect self-reported quantitative data on social capital, media exposure, negative emotions, and the intention to prevent COVID-19 among older adults aged ≥60 years (N=399) in China., Results: The results indicate that cognitive social capital significantly influenced protective behavior intention (P<.001), with cell phone exposure playing an additional impactful role (P<.001). By contrast, newspaper and radio exposure and television exposure mediated the influence of structural social capital on protective behavior intention (P<.001). Furthermore, negative emotions played a moderating role in the relationship between cognitive social capital and cell phone exposure (P<.001)., Conclusions: This study suggests that using tailored communication strategies across various media channels can effectively raise health awareness among older adults dealing with major pandemics in China, considering their diverse social capital characteristics and emotional states., (©Huixin Guan, Wei Wang. Originally published in JMIR Formative Research (https://formative.jmir.org), 17.04.2024.)

Background: The direct anterior approach for total hip arthroplasty (THA) has specific advantages, but injury to the tensor fasciae lata muscle (TFLM) remains a concern. This injury in part negates some of the advantages of the intermuscular approach, because injury of the muscle fibers of the TFLM can lead to less satisfactory clinical results. Thus, in this study, we propose an intraoperative method to protect the TFLM and demonstrate its feasibility.Methods: Fifty-six patients undergoing THA by the direct anterior approach were divided randomly into two groups. In group A, the TFLM was protected by an autogenous tissue "pad" created from the anterior capsule of the joint which protect the TFLM from direct contact with the retractors. In group B, the operation was carried out with no protection of the TFLM except the attempt by the surgeons to consciously avoid injury of the TFLM. We evaluated magnitude of changes in the muscle cross-sectional area (MSCA) and fatty atrophy (FA) by magnetic resonance imaging. The differences in blood hemoglobin and serum levels of myoglobin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and creatine phosphokinase (CPK) were compared at different time, postoperatively. The Harris hip score, postoperative drainage volume and visual analogue scores (VAS) were compared between the two groups.Results: LDH, CPK and myoglobin in group B were significantly higher than group A at 8, 24, and 48 h after the surgery. (p < 0.05) Compared to the group A, the decrease of hemoglobin in group B displayed significantly at 24 and 48 h after surgery. (P < 0.05) The significantly increased MSCA and FA of TFLM were demonstrated in group B. The PDV and VAS in group B were significantly higher than group A. (P < 0.05) The Harris score in group A was significantly higher than group B (P < 0.05) one month after surgery, but there was no significant difference six months later.Conclusions: Using the anterior capsule of the hip joint as an autogenous, protective capsular tissue pad to limit the trauma to the TFLM during a direct anterior approach to THA is an effective method to protect the TFLM and improve the clinical effect.Trial Registration: ChiCTR: ChiCTR1900025173. Retrospectively registered August 15, 2019. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Mutations in the progesterone receptor (PR) gene, PROGINS, have been studied in relation to hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection. Patients with the PROGINS gene may develop a worse clinical course of hepatitis E. The aim of our study was to evaluate the influence of PROGINS on the susceptibility to and the clinical course of HEV infection in HIV patients. Methods: This study included patients with HIV who were evaluated in previous prospective studies for the prevalence and incidence of HEV. The following three groups of patients were studied: (i) never infected, (ii) past infections, and (iii) recently infected. We determined the PR genotype to evaluate the proportion of patients who were homozygous for PROGINS according to HEV infection. We also compared the proportion of PROGINS carriers with a recent HEV infection according to their symptomatology. Results: In this study, 311 patients infected with HIV were included. Of those patients, 198 were homozygous wild type (63.7%), 91 were heterozygous (29.3%), and 22 were homozygous PROGINS (7.1%). We found that the homozygous PROGINS genotype in women was associated with a lower HEV seroprevalence. In addition, in patients with a recent HEV infection, none of those homozygous for PROGINS presented symptoms. Conclusion: The PROGINS mutation plays a protective role against HEV infection and is associated with subclinical infection in HIV-infected patients, particularly women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The point of departure in the present article is that the UN Security Council must be reformed. But this reform should not focus on extending the membership of the Council, which seems to be the main issue in the discussion at present. It is imperative that the Council is maintained as an executive organ since this is a precondition for its effective functioning. Too many members would destroy this requirement completely, in particular if additional members are granted veto power. Already 15 members may be past the limit for an executive organ. Additional members will endanger the Council's ability to fulfil its obligations under Art. 24 of the UN Charter: the primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security. Instead, the reform should focus on resolving the real problem with the Council, namely the manner in which the permanent members sometimes behave. The exercise of the veto power must be in conformity with the UN Charter, which now must be viewed against the background of the development of international law since the UN was established more than 70 years ago. The manner in which some permanent members exercise their veto power is simply not in conformity with the Charter. Against this background it is absolutely necessary that the five permanent members engage in a profound discussion about their performance and the manner in which the veto power is exercised. Here, there is need for statesmanship. The members of the Security Council, and in particular the permanent members, must lead by example. What the Council must focus on is conflict prevention. This requires determination and consequence. The focus must be on the challenges that humankind is facing and will face ever more in the future and the threats to international peace and security that these challenges are causing. The need for the rule of law and protection of human rights are obvious elements in this analysis. Furthermore, the growth of the world population in combination with climate change simply must be addressed in an effective manner. The Council must focus attentively on these 'conflict multipliers'. The discussion must also focus on peacekeeping and responsibility to protect. With respect to responsibility to protect there is great need for improvement. We cannot accept in the 21st century that fundamental human rights are violated and that crimes against international humanitarian law are being committed on a large scale without consequences. Another important element in this context is empowerment of women. In addressing these questions there is need for close cooperation with regional organizations. This cooperation already exists, but the question is how it can be developed and what lessons can be learnt from the past. Since the five permanent members are also recognized as nuclear-weapon States under the 1968 Non-Proliferation Treaty, they must confirm their obligations under this treaty and make serious their obligation to work for a nuclear-weapon free world. A reform along the lines discussed in the present article can be made without amending the UN Charter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the effects of bovine serum albumin (BSA) on blueberry anthocyanins and their interaction. Findings showed that BSA could protect blueberry anthocyanins against degradation and retain their antioxidant activity at an ideal concentration of 0.15 mg/mL under three deteriorating treatments: illumination, vitamin C + illumination, and sucrose + illumination. The fluorescence and UV absorption spectra showed that malvidin-3-o-galactoside (M3G), the major monomer in blueberry anthocyanins, led to a static quenching of BSA and the binding site of M3G to BSA was approximately one. Further, the interaction was a spontaneous process with electrostatic interactions being the main force. CD spectra and synchronous fluorescence spectra presented alterations in the secondary structure and microenvironment of Trp and Tyr residues of BSA, respectively, upon interaction with M3G. Finally, molecular docking analysis showed that M3G mainly bound the II and III domains of BSA by hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interaction. In conclusion, our study highlights the protective effects of BSA on the stability and anti-oxidant activity of blueberry anthocyanins and their interaction analysis. Unlabelled Image • BSA protects blueberry anthocyanins against the degradation and loss of antioxidant capacity under illumination treatments. • Interaction between M3G and BSA is spontaneous and mainly attributed to electrostatic forces. • Secondary structural and microenvironments around tyrosine and tryptophan residues of BSA are influenced by M3G. • Molecular docking shows that M3G mainly bound II and III domains of BSA by hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Mild behavioral impairment (MBI) is a neurobehavioral syndrome characterized by later life emergent neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) that represent an at-risk state for incident cognitive decline and dementia in people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). We undertook a study to determine whether MBI was associated with progressive changes in neuropsychological performance in people without significant cognitive impairment.Methods: A total of 9,931 older adults enrolled in the PROTECT study who did not have MCI or dementia undertook a comprehensive neuropsychological battery measuring attention, reasoning, executive function, and working memory at baseline and 1 year. MBI was ascertained using self-administration of the Mild Behavioral Impairment Checklist at 1 year, and participants were grouped according to MBI status: No Symptoms, Intermediate NPS and MBI. All assessments were completed online, and data analyzed using mixed-effects model repeated measures analysis of covariance.Results: A total of 949 (10%) people had MBI. These individuals had significantly worse cognitive performance at baseline and significantly greater decline over 1 year in the four composite cognitive scores measuring attentional intensity (F [2,8578] = 3.97; p = 0.019), sustained attention (F [2,8578] = 18.63; p <0.0001), attentional fluctuation (F [2,8578] = 10.13; p <0.0001) and working memory (F [2,9895] = 13.1; p <0.0001).Conclusion: Our novel findings show that MBI is associated with faster decline in attention and working memory in this cognitively normal sample. MBI may be an earlier marker of neurodegenerative disease than MCI, captured at the stage of subjective cognitive decline or before, raising the possibility that MBI represents a novel target for dementia clinical trials or prevention strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Establishing affordable lifestyle interventions that might preserve cognitive function in the aging population and subsequent generations is a growing area of research focus. Data from the PROTECT study has been utilised to examine whether number-puzzle use is related to cognitive function in older adults.Methods: Data from 19 078 healthy volunteers aged 50 to 93 years old enrolled on the online PROTECT study were evaluated for self-reported frequency of performing number puzzles. Two cognitive-test batteries were employed to assess core aspects of cognitive function including reasoning, focussed and sustained attention, information processing, executive function, working memory, and episodic memory. Analysis of covariance was used to establish the differences between the six frequency groups.Results: Highly statistically significant main effects of the frequency of performing number puzzles were seen on all 14 cognitive measures, with P values of less than 0.0004. Interestingly, participants who reported engaging in number puzzles more than once a day had superior cognitive performance on 10 core measures compared with all other frequency groups, although not all were statistically significant.Conclusions: This study has identified a close relationship between frequency of number-puzzle use and the quality of cognitive function in adults aged 50 to 93 years old. In order to determine the value of these findings as a potential intervention, further research should explore the type and difficulty of the number puzzles. These findings further contribute to the growing evidence that engaging in mentally stimulating activities could benefit the brain function of the ageing population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The identification of modifiable lifestyle factors to preserve cognitive function in older individuals becomes increasingly of importance. This study examines whether word puzzle use is related to cognitive function in older adults.Methods: Cognitive data from 19 078 cognitively healthy individuals aged 50 to 93 years enrolled into the online PROTECT study were evaluated for self-reported frequency of performing word puzzles on a six-point scale, ranging from "more than once per day" to "never". Nine cognitive tests covered a range of domains including focussed and sustained attention, information processing, executive function, working memory, and episodic memory. Analyses of covariance were used to determine any differences between the six response groups.Results: Each of the 14 cognitive measures analysed showed highly statistically significant main effects of the frequency of performing word puzzles. For each measure, the group who never performed word puzzles performed most poorly, with the group who reported occasional puzzle use also performing more poorly than virtually every other group. Measures of speed provided the greatest discriminations, with a grammatical reasoning score differentiating the two highest frequency groups, performing word puzzles daily or more than once daily.Conclusions: The frequency of word puzzle use is directly related to cognitive function in adults aged 50 and over. Future work needs to determine whether engaging in such puzzles can favourably influence cognitive trajectory with age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics (1001-1803) is the property of China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Highlights • Participant populations should be homogenized to optimize relevance for youth. • More environmental and clinical interventions (studies) are required. • Specific developmental characteristics of youth are not always considered. • There is an absence of research studies in low income countries. • There is scarcity of research studies in lower and upper middle income countries. • Future studies should employ designs suitable for evaluating interventions. • Future studies should evaluate effectiveness by means of systematic reviews. Abstract Occupational injury rates are higher among young people when compared to older age groups. Objective Identifying preventive occupational safety and health interventions that aim at protecting young workers from hazards at work while considering their ongoing physical and mental maturation. Methods We ran a sensitive search strategy in twelve electronic databases to locate studies. Two review authors independently screened titles and abstracts, and later full texts for eligibility. One person extracted the details of studies and another checked for errors. Data were analyzed in an iterative process. Results We included 39 studies. Three studies evaluated environmental interventions, 29 evaluated behavioral, one evaluated clinical and six combined more than one type of intervention. Developmental characteristics of young workers that could contribute to risk were addressed in 13 studies. Thirty-five studies were from high income countries, one was from an upper middle-income country and three were from lower middle- income countries. We found no studies from low income countries. Conclusions There is a dearth of evidence when it comes to evaluating interventions in low and lower middle income countries and adapting interventions developed in high income countries to the needs of low and middle income ones. A higher and more integrated participation of young workers themselves, parents and other key social actors such as policy makers, employers and occupational safety and health regulators is required to optimally protect young workers. We recommend developing and evaluating interventions that specifically address the risks that youth face at work due to their ongoing developmental process. Further we need systematic reviews of the interventions identified in this review such as for young workers in the service sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AIM: To explore the effect of different concentrations of salidroside on H2O2 induced oxidative stress damage in human lens epithelium cells(HLEC). METHODS: HLEC were cultured and divided into negative control group: cultured in normal cultivation; oxidative damage group: treated with 100μmol/L H2O2 for 12h; Salidroside low concentration group: 10μmol/L salidroside treated for 24h and H2O2 treated for 12h; Salidroside high concentration group: 100μmol/L salidroside treated for 24h and H2O2 treated for 12h. MTT method was applied to observe the effect of salidroside on HLEC survival rate. Morphological change of each group were observed and recorded under inverted microscope. DCFH-DA fluorescent probe was applied to detect intracellular ROS changes; content of malondialdehyde(MDA), superoxide dismutase(SOD)and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)in supernatants were detected by pectrophotometer. RESULTS: Salidroside obviously inhibited H2O2-induced HLEC vitality decline, inhibited ROS generation in cells, causing SOD, GSH-Px levels increased and MDA levels decreased. CONCLUSION: Salidroside inhibited H2O2 induced HLEC injury by decreasing the intracellular MDA content levels and increasing SOD, GSH-Px content levels, which conclude that salidroside may have a certain role in the treatment of HLEC damage.

Aim: Chondrosarcoma is difficult to treat because of resistance to conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy. This study evaluated the effects of ethanol in combination with doxorubicin in chondrosarcoma cells.Materials& Methods: JJ012, was treated with doxorubicin alone or in combination with ethanol. Effects on cellular proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis, and the cell cycle were evaluated.Results: Treatment of JJ012 cells with 100 mM ethanol and doxorubicin resulted in reduced cell growth, invasion, and migration. In addition, doxorubicin uptake into the nucleus was enhanced and p53 mRNA expression was upregulated in JJ012 cells.Conclusion: Ethanol combined with doxorubicin increased doxorubicin uptake in the nucleus and enhanced the effects of doxorubicin in JJ012 cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The success of targeted therapies, including inhibitors of the vascular endothelial growth factor pathway or the mammalian target of rapamycin, in the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma led to interest in testing their efficacy in the adjuvant setting. Results from the first trials are now available, with other studies due to report imminently. This review provides an overview of adjuvant targeted therapy in renal cell carcinoma, including interpretation of currently available conflicting data and future direction of research. We discuss the key differences between the completed targeted therapy adjuvant trials, and highlight the importance of accurately identifying patients who are likely to benefit from adjuvant treatment. We also consider reasons why blinded independent radiology review and treatment dose may prove critical for adjuvant treatment success. The implications of using disease-free survival as a surrogate end point for overall survival from the patient perspective and measurement of health benefit have recently been brought into focus and are discussed. Finally, we discuss how the ongoing adjuvant trials with targeted therapies and checkpoint inhibitors may improve our understanding and ability to prevent tumor recurrence after nephrectomy in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Jurídica de Castilla y León is the property of Junta de Castilla y Leon, Direccion de Servicios Juridicos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Church practice before Easter Pass under the shroud of Christ has two names and two explanations in Bulgarian culture. The people call this practice Pass under the table. For the Bulgarian Orthodox Church this ritual honours the work of Jesus Christ and his death. According to the people, the custom is done for health, luck and forgiveness of sins. The reasons for difference in the explanation of the ritualized action are sought in the traditional worldview and centuries-old practices of the Bulgarian people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Characteristics of intrapopulation organization of heterosexual plant species under the influence of different environmental factors is presented. It was established that is sexual differentiation, functional features, ability recruitment and survival most important criteria of populations. Among basic factors which influence the intrapopulation structure are natural (ecological, coenotic) and antrogenci factors. It was found that sex ratio of individuals in populations is an individual index and characterizes their different reaction on changing terms and capacity at reproduction. Accordingly, mechanism of realization of their adaptation potential variously affects the ability of populations to survival in changing conditions of environment. Changes taking place in populations of heterosexual plant species are direct by dependent on their intensity. On the basis of conducted study, the purpose of protection of biodiversity of populations of heterosexual plant species is grounded. Application of differentiated mode of protection and conduction of regular monitoring studies for forecasting their dynamic tendencies and possible consequences of changes is necessery.

Background: One of the challenges in healthcare organizations is protect of health data. Blockchain describes a technological concept which stores data in a central database distributed among network of computer and is excellent technology for protecting confidential data within the system. Objective: The aim of this study was to review and assessment applications of blockchain in healthcare industry. Material and Methods: This was a Systematic Review. Four electronic databases; Web of Science, PubMed, Sciencedirect and Scopus, were searched in September 2022 using search terms for Blockchain, mHealth, healthcare organization. Search was limited to English-written articles. The screening process of articles was conducted by two-reviewer respectively. The PRISMA protocol was used to select articles. Results: In total 13 articles were found our criteria. Major Applications of blockchain in healthcare consist of keeping safe and secure sensitive information Patient medical data and empowering patients to control their own health data. Sharing pertinent information quickly and safely and also as a mechanism to secure Electronic Health Record (EHR) is another application of blockchain in healthcare. Increasing transparency, Patient medical data management, encryption, enabling consumers to authenticate the identities of organizations, contracts, tract transactional details and Enabling faster data transfer between hospitals and medical insurance providers, and healthcare organizations are another application of Blockchain in health industry. Conclusion: Blockchain networks provide an easily-authenticated, secure platform for integrating data. The results showed that Blockchain technology has the potential to transform health care and can improve the performance, security, and transparency of sharing medical data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Being in constant development, both human rights and business, have increased the state's efforts to act against human rights abuses. Businesses should be aware of new regulations in force on protecting, respecting and promoting human rights and apply them in order to exist a good cohabitation between business enterprises and human rights. The involvement of state is by sowing the enterprises how to respect human rights through corporate social responsibility and sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We describe here the social science-environmental health collaboration in PROTECT, the Puerto Rico Testsite for Exploring Contamination Threats, which is one of eighteen Superfund Research Program centers funded by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. This collaboration has multiple facets: (1) create a holistic, unified research program that addresses the complexity of environmental contamination, (2) offer research participants an engaged and respectful interaction with the research team, (3) provide cross-training, in which the team's social scientists learn environmental health and the environmental health scientists learn social science, and (4) provide training for graduate students and post-docs in multiple disciplines in this burgeoning form of collaboration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Circulating insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and their binding proteins (IGFBPs) are associated with prostate cancer. Using genetic variants as instruments for IGF peptides, we investigated whether these associations are likely to be causal. We identified from the literature 56 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the IGF axis previously associated with biomarker levels (8 from a genome-wide association study [GWAS] and 48 in reported candidate genes). In ∼700 men without prostate cancer and two replication cohorts ( N ∼ 900 and ∼9,000), we examined the properties of these SNPS as instrumental variables (IVs) for IGF-I, IGF-II, IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-3. Those confirmed as strong IVs were tested for association with prostate cancer risk, low (< 7) vs. high (≥ 7) Gleason grade, localised vs. advanced stage, and mortality, in 22,936 controls and 22,992 cases. IV analysis was used in an attempt to estimate the causal effect of circulating IGF peptides on prostate cancer. Published SNPs in the IGFBP1/IGFBP3 gene region, particularly rs11977526, were strong instruments for IGF-II and IGFBP-3, less so for IGF-I. Rs11977526 was associated with high ( vs. low) Gleason grade (OR per IGF-II/IGFBP-3 level-raising allele 1.05; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.10). Using rs11977526 as an IV we estimated the causal effect of a one SD increase in IGF-II (∼265 ng/mL) on risk of high vs. low grade disease as 1.14 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.31). Because of the potential for pleiotropy of the genetic instruments, these findings can only causally implicate the IGF pathway in general, not any one specific biomarker. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kernel logs are very important source of information for administrators to reconstruct security events. Once a sophisticated attacker intrudes a computer system, he (or she) may manipulate the kernel log to clear up the intrusion evidence. Previous solutions suffer from limitations in that: 1) Some methods do not provide adequate protection; 2) Some methods are not compatible with the existing systems or hardware; 3) Some methods incur considerable performance overhead. In this paper, we present SEKEL, a secure and efficient kernel log transfer mechanism based on virtualization technology. The basic idea of our approach is to decouple the kernel log collection and transfer procedures into two concurrent components. On one hand, the log collection component protected by the SIM framework is deployed in the target VM. On the other hand, the log transfer component is placed into a trusted execution environment for performance isolation. To deal with the synchronization problem introduced by our concurrent components, we extend Lamport's ring buffer algorithm. The evaluation shows that SEKEL can protect kernel logs effectively with little performance degradation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]