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The self-aggregation of inherently chiral, (L)-proline functionalised Cu and Zn porphyrin derivatives has been investigated in different aqueous organic solvent media. The results indicate that the title species form self-assembled structures expressing supramolecular chirality by the amplification of the stereochemical information stored on the L-prolinate functionality. A substantial difference of the aggregation modes, and the chiroptical features of the final supramolecular species for the two investigated complexes, is clearly imputable to the metal ions, having a different coordination ability toward solvent molecules. Detailed kinetic investigation performed by combining different spectroscopy techniques allowed the definition of the reaction mechanisms involved in these processes. The results described are of importance, for example, for the achievement of stereoselective devices and sensors.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) can be defined as the administration of photosensitizer either systemically, locally, or topically to a patient bearing a lesion (frequently but not always cancer), followed after some time by the illumination of the lesion with visible light (usually long wavelength red light). In the presence of molecular oxygen it leads to the generation of cytotoxic species and consequently to cell death and tissue destruction. The singlet oxygen have high reactivity and short half-life. Due to this, PDT directly affects only those biological substrates that are close to the region where these species are generated, usually within a 20 nanometers radius. Therefore, photosensitizers localization is a primary factor in drug release studies to target tissues because it selectivity promotes localized sensitization. In this study, the photosensitive compounds (G0, G1, G2) based on the rings porphyrin were synthesized and characterized (SEM, ATR-IR, NMR, thermal analysis). These molecules were also incorporated into chitosan films. The two step synthesis towards novel macrocycles were elaborated: alkylation reactions and macrocyclization reactions. The photostability of the obtained photosensitizers using high pressure mercury vapour lamp was examined. In the absorption spectra two characteristic bands for the obtained compound are observed: the Soret band located in the range of 300-400 nm and the Q band within 600-800 nm. The amount of produced singlet oxygen at ambient temperature in aerobic conditions was also determined. The lowest value of singlet oxygen quantum yield revealed G0 and the highest revealed G1. The aggregation study was also performed. This phenomenon is well-known especially for phthalocyanines and porphyrin derivatives. The results of the obtained compounds were compared with the results of the commercially available porphyrins. Bibliography: [1] D.P. Ferreiraa, D.S. Conceiçãoa, R.C. Calhelhac, T. Sousaa, Radu Socoteanub, I.C.F.R. Ferreirac, L.F. Vieira Ferreira, Carbohydrate Polymers 2016, 151, 160-171. [2] G.M. Fioramonti Calixto, J. Bernegossi, L. Marise de Freitas, C. R. Fontana, M. Chorilli, Molecules 2016, 21, 342-360. The project was supported by research grant: National Science Centre 2015/19/N/NZ7/02934

BF2- and PO2-smaragdyrins containing one five membered heterocycle such as pyrrole, thiophene and furan at one of the meso-position of corresponding 25-oxasmaragdyrins were synthesized by treating the appropriate mono meso-heterocycle substituted 25-oxasmaragdyrin with BF3.OEt2 and POCl3 respectively in CH2Cl2 under mild reaction conditions. All macrocycles were thoroughly characterized by HR-MS and 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. The presence of a five membered heterocycle in place of a six membered aryl group significantly alters the electronic properties of the smaragdyrin macrocycle as reflected in their spectral and electrochemical properties. The meso-pyrrole BF2-smaragdyrin was subjected to a Vilsmeier-Haack reaction to prepare meso-(alpha-formyl pyrrolyl) BF2-smaragdyrin which was subsequently used to prepare meso-(alpha-dipyrromethanyl pyrrolyl) BF2-smaragdyrin. The further use of meso-heterocycle substituted BF2- and PO2-oxasmaragdyrins was demonstrated by treating meso-pyrroly1 BF2-smaragdyrin with pentafluorobenzaldehyde in CHCl3 under mild acid catalysed conditions to afford an unusual dipyrromethanyl bridged BF2-smaragdyrin dyad which exhibits excellent photo physical properties. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Recently, third‐order nonlinear properties of porphyrins and porphyrin polymers and coordination compounds have been extensively studied in relation to their use in photomedicine and molecular photonics. A new functionalized porphyrin dye containing electron‐rich alkynes was synthesized and further modified by formal [2+2] click reactions with click reagents tetracyanoethylene (TCNE) and 7, 7, 8, 8‐tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ). The photophysical properties of these porphyrin dyes, as well as the click reaction, were studied by UV/Vis spectroscopy. In particular, third‐order nonlinear optical properties of the dyes, which showed typical d‐π‐A structures, were characterized by Z‐scan techniques. In addition, the self‐assembly properties were investigated through the phase‐exchange method, and highly organized morphologies were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effects of the click post‐functionalization on the properties of the porphyrins were studied, and these functionalized porphyrin dyes represent an interesting set of candidates for optoelectronic device components.

Porphyrins and related macrocycles have been intensively exploited as sensing materials in chemical sensors, since in these devices they mimic most of their biological functions, such as reversible binding, catalytic activation, and optical changes. Such a magnificent bouquet of properties allows applying porphyrin derivatives to different transducers, ranging from nanogravimetric to optical devices, also enabling the realization of multifunctional chemical sensors, in which multiple transduction mechanisms are applied to the same sensing layer. Potential applications are further expanded through sensor arrays, where cross-selective sensing layers can be applied for the analysis of complex chemical matrices. The possibility of finely tuning the macrocycle properties by synthetic modification of the different components of the porphyrin ring, such as peripheral substituents, molecular skeleton, coordinated metal, allows creating a vast library of porphyrinoid-based sensing layers. From among these, one can select optimal arrays for a particular application. This feature is particularly suitable for sensor array applications, where cross-selective receptors are required. This Review briefly describes chemical sensor principles. The main part of the Review is divided into two sections, describing the porphyrin-based devices devoted to the detection of gaseous or liquid samples, according to the corresponding transduction mechanism. Although most devices are based on porphyrin derivatives, seminal examples of the application of corroles or other porphyrin analogues are evidenced in dedicated sections.

Objective: The aim of this study was to test the action of Porphyrin compounds, Tetraphenylporphine sulfonate (TPPS), 5,10,15,20-Tetrakis (4-sulfonatophenyl) porphyrinato Iron(III) Chloride (FeTPPS) and 5,10,15,20-Tetrakis (4-sulfonatophenyl) porphyrinato Iron(III) nitrosyl Chloride (FeNOTPPS), on Na+, K+ -ATPase of cell membrane of erythrocytes. Methods: Enzymatic assays, measuring the amount of inorganic phosphate produced, were used to estimate the activity of Na+, K+-ATPase. Results: The results show that Porphyrin compounds exert an insulin-like effect on Na+, K+-ATPase. They act by increasing the activity of the membrane-bound enzyme. Conclusion: All the three Porphyrin compounds increased the activity of erythrocyte Na+, K+-ATPase. The exact mechanism of action of these compounds is not clear.

The cure for Alzheimer's disease (AD) is still unknown. According to Cholinergic hypothesis, Alzheimer's disease is caused by the reduced synthesis of the neurotransmitter, Acetylcholine. Regional cerebral blood flow can be increased in patients with Alzheimer's disease by Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors. In this regard, Tetraphenylporphinesulfonate (TPPS), 5,10,15,20- Tetrakis (4-sulfonatophenyl) porphyrinato Iron(III) Chloride (FeTPPS) and 5,10,15,20-Tetrakis (4-sulfonatophenyl) porphyrinatoIron(III) nitrosyl Chloride (FeNOTPPS) were investigated as candidate compounds for inhibition of Acteylcholinesterase of Drosophila melanogaster (DmAChE) by use of Molecular Docking. The results show that FeNOTPPS forms the most stable complex with DmAChE.

The use of Porphyrin derivatives as photosensitizers in Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) was investigated by means of a molecular docking study. These molecules can bind to intracellular targets such as P-type CaCa(2+) ATPase of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SERCA1a). CAChe software was successfully employed for conducting the docking of Tetraphenylporphinesulfonate(TPPS), 5,10,15,20- Tetrakis (4-sulfonatophenyl) porphyrinato Iron(III) Chloride (FeTPPS) and 5,10,15,20-Tetrakis (4-sulfonatophenyl) porphyrinato Iron(III) nitrosyl Chloride (FeNOTPPS) with CaCa(2+) ATPase from sarcoplasmic reticulum of rabbit. The results show that FeNOTPPS forms the most stable complex with CaCa(2+) ATPase.

5,10,15,20-Tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin reacts with primary alkylamines and heterocyclic amines, at 50°C and under high pressure (450 MPa), to produce the [Formula: see text]-substituted tetraamino derivatives in high yields. Under similar conditions, the reaction with the bulky dibutylamine and dipentylamine affords the corresponding mono-substituted dialkylaminoporphyrins in 10% yield. This new protocol arises as a considerable improvement of the methods already known, which usually require high temperatures and are not effective when using secondary amines having long alkyl groups.

Dye sensitizers can significantly affect power conversion efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Porphyrin-based dyes are promising sensitizers due to their performances in DSSCs. Here, based upon a N-fused carbazole-zinc porphyrin-free-base porphyrin triad containing an ethynyl-linkage (coded as DTBC), the novel porphyrin dyes named DTBC-MP and DTBC-TP were designed by varying the porphyrin-free-base units in the π conjugation of DTBC in order to study the effect of porphyrin-free-base in the modification of electronic structures and related properties. The calculated results indicate that, the extension of the conjugate bridge with the porphyrin-free-base unit results in elevation of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energies, decrease of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energies, reduction of the HOMO-LUMO gap, red-shift of the absorption bands, and enhancement of the absorbance. The free energy changes demonstrate that introducing more porphyrin-free-base units in the conjugate bridge induces a faster rate of electron injection. The transition properties and molecular orbital characters suggest that the different transition properties might lead to a different electron injection mechanism. In terms of electronic structure, absorption spectra, light harvesting capability, and free energy changes, the designed DTBC-TP is a promising candidate dye sensitizer for DSSCs.

Detailed herein is the use of 2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-octatosylaminophthalocyanine as a chromogenic chemosensor for anions. The host:guest complexes formed during the sensing event can be regenerated by acid treatment without loss of the sensing ability. This allows the phthalocyanine chemosensor to be reused. This system also responds in a colorimetric manner when exposed to the neutral solvent molecules, dimethyl sulfoxide and methanol. A single-crystal X-ray structure of the Pc 1:2 MeOH complex was obtained. It illustrates the main interactions between the host:guest species in the solid state. Fits of the binding curves are consistent with this stoichiometry predominating in the solution state. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-24T19:37:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ariana Rodrigues.pdf: 4102019 bytes, checksum: 823cb458ebe2eea53b3ba0d11aed9880 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-06 Fundação Araucária de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico do Paraná The increasing pathogenic bacteria resistance to antibiotics has led to the development of new alternatives to replace them. The Photodynamic Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (PACT) is one of the alternatives recently researched. Several associations between photosensitizer (PS) and light sources are used to inactivate different micro-organisms. The porphyrin derivatives have interesting features and are amongst the most investigated compounds in PACT, showing promising results. The light-emitting diode (LED) source presents advantages, since this device has been shown efficient against bacteria and is economically feasible. The present study investigated the photodynamic activity of different porphyrin derivatives/LED systems for application in PACT. The following porphyrin derivatives were used: 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(2,6-difluor-5-sulfonatophenyl) sodium porphyrinate, Na4[H2(TDFSPP)], 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(2,6-difluor-5-sulfonatophenyl) zinc (II) sodium porphyrinate, Na4[Zn(TDFSPP)]) and 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl) manganese (III) sodium porphyrinate, Na4[Mn(TSPP)]. LED systems were used in different emission bands: orange, red, green and blue. The photodynamic activity of PS/LED systems were analyzed through the photobleaching test, photoxidation of bovine serum albumin (BSA) protein, uric acid and microbiological assay with ATCC and hospital Staphylococcus aureus strains. The results showed no significant photobleaching of porphyrin derivatives using LED as a light source. The PS/LED systems led to oxidation of the BSA protein and uric acid, except for the derivative Na4[Mn(TSPP)]. The photoxidation constant rate for Na4[H2(TDFSPP)]/green and blue LED, Na4[Zn(TDFSPP)]/green and blue LED systems, were close to the constant rate for drugs with application in photodynamic therapy (PDT). The uric acid test result indicated that compounds are capable of generating singlet oxygen. The Na4[H2(TDFSPP)]/blue LED system had a higher photodynamic activity against ATCC and hospital S. aureus strains. The results demonstrated that the systems under study present potential to be used in PDT and PACT. A crescente resistência de bactérias patogênicas a antibióticos levou ao desenvolvimento de novas alternativas que possam substituí-los. Uma das alternativas investigadas atualmente é a quimioterapia fotodinâmica antimicrobiana (PACT). Várias associações entre fotossensibilizadores (FS) e fontes de luz são utilizadas para inativar diferentes micro-organismos, comprovando a eficiência dessa terapia. Os derivados porfirínicos apresentam características interessantes para aplicação em PACT e estão entre os compostos mais investigados, apresentando resultados promissores. O uso de LED como fonte de luz apresenta vantagens, uma vez que esse dispositivo tem mostrado bons resultados na eliminação de bactérias e é economicamente mais viável. Assim, no presente estudo, investigou-se a atividade fotodinâmica de diferentes sistemas derivados porfirínicos/LEDs para possível aplicação em PACT. Para isso, utilizou-se os seguintes derivados porfirínicos: 5,10,15,20-tetrakis (2,6-difluoro-5-sulfonatofenil) porfirinato de sódio, Na4[H2(TDFSPP)], 5,10,15,20-tetrakis (2,6-difluoro-5-sulfonatofenil) zinco (II) porfirinato de sódio, Na4[Zn(TDFSPP)], e 5,10,15,20-tetrakis (4-sulfonatofenil) manganês (III) porfirinato de sódio, Na4[Mn(TSPP)]. A irradiação dos compostos foi feita utilizando-se sistemas de LED com diferentes faixas de emissão: alaranjado, vermelho, verde e azul. A atividade fotodinâmica dos sistemas FS/LED foi avaliada por meio dos testes de fotobranqueamento, foto-oxidação da proteína BSA, ácido úrico e de ensaio microbiológico, utilizando-se a bactéria Staphylococcus aureus de origem ATCC e hospitalar. Os resultados mostraram que os derivados porfirínicos não sofreram fotobranqueamento quando associados aos diferentes LEDs. Os sistemas FS/LED levaram à oxidação da proteína BSA e à degradação da molécula de ácido úrico, exceto para o derivado Na4[Mn(TSPP)]. As constantes de foto-oxidação obtidas para os sistemas Na4[H2(TDFSPP)]/LED verde e azul; Na4[Zn(TDFSPP)]/LED verde e azul, ficaram próximas aos valores obtidos para fármacos com aplicação em Terapia Fotodinâmica (TFD). Os resultados do teste do ácido úrico para esses mesmos sistemas indicaram que eles são capazes de gerar oxigênio singlete. O sistema Na4[H2(TDFSPP)]/LED azul apresentou maior atividade fotodinâmica sobre as cepas de S. aureus ATCC e hospitalar. Assim, os resultados demonstram que os sistemas investigados apresentam potencial para aplicação em TFD e PACT.

Chemical synthesis of two C60 fullerene derivatives: with porphyrin (C60-H2P) and of the iodide salt of Zn porphyrin (C60-ZnP)+I− is described. Both compounds are soluble in several organic solvents, with a larger solubility observed for C60-H2P. Thin films obtained by solution drawing or by spinning techniques from C60-H2P solution in organic solvents or dissolved in a polymer matrix show a peculiar granular structure with regular submicron size particles. Their size of is a little smaller in polymer matrix. The solution UV–Vis absorption spectra exhibit typical bands which can be attributed to porphyrin and to the fullerene. A solvatochromic effect is observed in C60-H2P which shows a nonzero first hyperpolarizability β, most likely due to the charge transfer between fullerene and porphyrin.

Two new beta-substituted arylethynyl meso-tetraphenylporphyrins, 2-[(4'-formyl)phenyl]ethynyl-5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin (system A) and 2-[(4'-methyl)phenyl]ethynyl-5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin (system B) and their zinc derivatives were synthesized by palladium catalysis, using a synthetic approach that affords high yields of the target systems. Comparative ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis), NMR, and cyclic voltammetry studies of such macrocycles reveal the presence of an extensive conjugation between the tetrapyrrolic ring and the linker, through pi-pi orbital interaction. This interaction was observed in the form of a "push-pull" effect that moves the electronic charge between the porphyrin and the aldehyde group of system A. System B, bearing a methyl group instead of the formyl group, was synthesized in order to evaluate the effect of the substitution on the charge delocalization, which is necessary to corroborate the push-pull mechanism hypothesis. The new porphyrin, system A, was also used as a starting material for the synthesis of new porphyrin-fullerene dyads in which the [60]fullerene is directly linked to the tetrapyrrolic rings by ethynylenephenylene subunits. Fluorescence and transient absorption measurements of the new dyads reveal that ultrafast energy and electron transfer occur, respectively, in nonpolar and polar solvents, with high values of the rate constant. The UV-vis, NMR, and cyclic voltammetry results show that it is possible for both energy and electron transfer between porphyrin and fullerene to take place through the pi-bond interaction. Such results evidence that the coupling between the donor and acceptor moieties is strong enough for possible photovoltaic applications.

Supramolecular chemistry od functional porphyrin derivatives is presented.