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L’intreccio tra la prospettiva di genere e l’emergere della storia globale ha profondamente, e proficuamente, segnato il panorama storiografico degli ultimi anni. Tale prospettiva si è rivelata feconda anche per gli studi sulla storia dell’associazionismo femminile a cavallo tra Ottocento e Novecento, laddove ha soprattutto messo in luce la centralità della dimensione transnazionale nella circolazione di idee e progetti, nella costruzione di una “rete articolata di circoli e associazioni” tra l’Italia, l’Europa e, specialmente, nello spazio transatlantico. Analogamente, l’intersezione tra sguardo di genere e prospettiva globale ha contribuito ad allargare finalmente, anche nella storia nazionale, lo spazio occupato da soggetti come le donne migranti, che solo pochi anni fa potevano essere considerate, seppure criticamente, “ancora nascoste nelle pieghe della storia” . In questo quadro il saggio ricostruisce la vicenda del Segretariato permanente femminile per la tutela delle donne e dei fanciulli emigranti, istituito nel 1908, paradigmatica della dimensione articolata in cui si sono disegnate queste “geografie complesse” , e di come attraverso e intorno alle reti femminili si siano ridefinite le identità femminili, individuali e collettive, anche nell’Italia liberale.

Contains fulltext : 236682.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) A widespread concern in society is that adolescents experience an increased inability to concentrate and sustain attention because they are continuously distracted by social media. The current experience sampling method (ESM) study examined whether adolescents who use more social media than their peers experience more distraction (between-person association), whether social media use (SMU) and distraction co-fluctuate within adolescents (momentary within-person associations), and to what extent this within-person association differs from person to person (person-specific associations). With a sample of 383 adolescents (Mage = 14.11), who together completed 35,099 ESM surveys (73% compliance), we found both a positive between-person association (ß = .31) and a positive momentary within-person association (ß = .12) of SMU with distraction. The momentary within-person association differed from adolescent to adolescent: While SMU and distraction were positively associated among 82.5% of all adolescents, they were not associated among 15.7% of the adolescents, and negatively associated among 1.8% of the adolescents. Additional analyses on the direction of the effect showed that the within-person effect of SMU on subsequent levels of distraction was somewhat stronger (ß = .05) than the effect of distraction on subsequent levels of SMU (ß = .03). 24 p.

Contains fulltext : 282271.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) Humorous media entertainment frequently punctuates the everyday lives of adolescents. Theorists have suggested that this exposure may impact behavior, particularly real-life aggression. Specifically, exposure to prosocial (coping) humor in media entertainment is posited to decrease aggression, whereas the reverse has been argued for exposure to antisocial (disparaging and slapstick) humor. Despite these suppositions, little empirical evidence about this relationship exists. To fill this gap, this study employed a cohort-sequential design using latent growth curve models to estimate the (co-)development of adolescents’ preferences for television shows featuring disparaging, slapstick, and coping humor and aggression from age 10 to 17. Results showed that at the onset of adolescence, especially boys had a higher preference for shows with disparaging and slapstick humor than with coping humor. However, over the course of adolescence, boys' and girls' preferences for shows with coping humor increased, while especially girls' preferences for shows with disparaging and slapstick humor decreased. These preferences were unrelated to adolescents' aggression. Our findings provide an important addition to the ongoing media effects debate. Taken together, they offer room for optimism and point toward an increased focus on the potential positive rather than the negative sides of humor in the lives of young people. 17 p.

We investigated the expressions of happiness and sadness in adolescents’ direct messages (DMs) on Instagram. Using neural topic modelling (BERTopic), we analyzed 211,778 DMs belonging to 96 adolescents, who donated data from 110 Instagram accounts. Results showed that (1) expressions of happiness were more than four times more prevalent than expressions of sadness; (2) the number of DMs containing expressions of happiness and sadness were highly correlated; (3) there are temporal trends in the expression of happiness and sadness in adolescents’ DMs and there are individual differences in these trends, and (4) there is no significant between- or within-person relationship between the number of messages containing expressions of happiness and sadness and adolescents’ well-being.

OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of music versus speech on a listener's signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) preferences when listening in a noise background. SNR preferences were quantified using acceptable noise level (ANL) and preferred SNR metrics. The measurement paradigm for ANL allows the listener to adjust the level of background noise while listening to the target at their most comfortable loudness level. A higher ANL indicates less tolerance for noise and a lower ANL indicates high tolerance for noise. The preferred SNR is simply the SNR the listener prefers when attending to a target in a fixed-amount (level) of background noise. In contrast to the ANL, the listener does not have control over the noise. Rather, they are only able to manipulate the target level. The first aim of the study was to determine if listeners' tolerances for noise, quantified using the ANL, when listening to music is different from that when listening to speech. The second aim of the study was to determine if listeners' tolerances for noise, quantified using their preferred SNR, when listening to music is different from that when listening to speech. The third aim of the study was to quantify the relationship between ANL and preferred SNR. DESIGN Ninety-nine normal-hearing, native-English speakers participated in this study. The ANL and preferred SNR were measured for speech and music targets. Music targets included two variations (with lyrics and without lyrics) of the song "Rocky Top." Measurements were made in the sound field at 0° azimuth, 1.5 m from a loud speaker. For both ANL and preferred SNR, targets were presented in 12-talker babble noise. The level of the noise was adjusted by the listener during ANL measurement but was fixed in level during the preferred SNR measurement (75 dB A). Repeated-measures analysis of variance was performed to identify any significant effect of target on the ANL and preferred SNR. Correlation analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between ANL and preferred SNR. RESULTS Findings demonstrate a significant effect of target on ANL and preferred SNR. ANLs were highest for speech (mean = 7.2 dB), followed by music with lyrics (6.1 dB), and music without lyrics (2.5 dB). Preferred SNRs were highest for music with lyrics (mean = 2.3 dB), followed by speech (1.2 dB), and music without lyrics (-0.1 dB). A listener's ANL for a given target was strongly correlated with their ANL for a different target (the same was true for preferred SNR); however, ANL for a given target was not a statistically significant predictor of preferred SNR for the same target. CONCLUSIONS When listening in a background of noise, the listener's tolerance for noise depends on the target to which they are attending, whether music or speech. This dependence is especially evident for ANL measures, and less so for preferred SNR measures. Despite differences in ANL and preferred SNR across targets, a listener's ANL and preferred SNR for one target predicts their ANL and preferred SNR, respectively, for a different target. The lack of correlation between ANL and preferred SNR suggests different mechanisms underly these listener-preference metrics.