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В статье рассматриваются маньеристические черты фасада палаццо Вальмарана в Виченце Андреа Палладио., The article deals withthe mannerist features of palazzo’s Valmarana façade of Andrea Palladio.

Le prestige de l’architecture se mesure à l’aune d’une notion qui, à la différence du beau, de l’utile ou de la construction, est restée dans l’ombre des traités. C’est dans le berceau de l’architecture occidentale, à l’époque où l’art de bâtir était avant tout une offrande, que la dignité se fait jour, avec la colonnade sous fronton, visage du temple hellénique. La force de cette figure du portique laissera une marque si profonde dans les esprits que la production architecturale s’en inspirera au cours des siècles pour entretenir l’image de la dignité, au bénéfice du prince, de l’évêque ou de la collectivité.Percer le secret de cette longévité et de cette universalité conduit à retracer la généalogie des multiples motivations derrière l’acte d’édifier. La dignité, qui a survécu à son premier visage, dont les maîtres modernes ont renouvelé l’expression, est ce au nom de quoi les pouvoirs ont occupé la scène et décoré la ville, mais aussi ce dont le projet architectural s’est nourri pour noyauter les savoirs constructifs, ennoblir la fonction pratique des murs et vaincre la disparité des lignes du plan, de la coupe et de l’élévation par la volonté d’un tout ordonnateur. Elle peut mobiliser un plan souverain, à l’image du naos détaché et autonome, comme l’illustrent la Nouvelle galerie nationale de Berlin de Mies van der Rohe ou la bibliothèque Exeter de Kahn, ou une certaine manière de défier la gravité, que l’on peut observer aussi bien dans les palais des communes italiennes du Duecento que dans la modernité brésilienne — comme la Faculté d’architecture de São Paolo d’Artigas —, ou encore l’art de soulever, dont certains projets corbuséens — notamment la Cité radieuse — sont l’éclatante manifestation.Des premières cités occidentales à la ville postmoderne, cette notion éclaire d’un jour neuf les fonctions sociales du beau, mais aussi d’autres concepts majeurs tels que l’utilité, la gravité, l’échelle, la structure, l’ordre ou le décor. La dignité permet également d’interroger sous un angle inédit les conditions de l’invention, la quête de sens depuis le siècle dernier, la place des modèles dans l’imaginaire des architectes, notre rapport au luxe et à la grandeur et notre attachement aux places dont les bâtiments ont la garde.

I dettagli in laterizio rinvenuti alla fine degli anni Novanta all���interno della chiesa di San Giorgio Maggiore a Venezia e le cromie degli intonaci rilevati dai restauri all���interno e all���esterno di alcuni degli edifici realizzati dall���architetto costituiscono il punto d���avvio di un���analisi volta a interrogare il candore che la tradizione associa all���architettura palladiana. Oltre a enucleare le matrici e la specificit�� di tale componente cromatica, l���analisi mira a rintracciare le ragioni che favorirono la nascita e il cristallizzarsi di quell���immagine di un Palladio ���bianco��� che ha vincolato la considerazione della sua architettura, quando non addirittura orientato gli interventi effettuati sulla stessa., ABside, Vol 3 (2021)

Palladio?s heritage has aspects that are interrelated with the vernacular architectural heritage of the Mediterranean, and it entails a collective knowledge. The aim of this research is to analyse his work and its evolution over time, paying specific attention to three architectural design elements: the patio, the portico and the atrium in relation to their proportions and ratios. This work will highlight how geometry shapes the space and the form of these three elements, producing architecture for well-being. The main results may constitute a possible new frontier of research where these three design elements make a connection between interior and exterior spaces, strengthen a greater visibility of the geometry, create ?intermediate spaces? and enhance the idea of a ?Continuous Monument?. The paper will underline how mathematical factors such as proportions, ratios and constructive geometry, together with climatic reasons, are important in architecture for both its configuration and geometry and they are a constant in Palladio?s heritage and his Mediterranean cultural influence.

Meeting confidentiality requirements in software systems is vital for organizations. Considering confidentiality in early development phases such as the architectural design phase is beneficial compared to late phases such as the implementation because fixing design issues is more cost-efficient in early phases. This tutorial introduces an approach for modeling and statically analyzing confidentiality in software architectures within the Palladio tool suite. Besides foundational knowledge, the tutorial provides a practical hands-on session using the tool. The goal is to show that it is already possible to consider confidentiality in the early design process and that this consideration can be integrated into existing architectural design tools.

Статья посвящена результатам исследовательской работы студентов 14 группы 1 курса МАРХИ. Под руководством преподавателей учащиеся провели сравнительный анализ ордерных форм станций московского метро (1935–1954 гг.) и канонических ордеров Виньолы, а также ордеров ряда известных исторических зданий. Был выявлен ряд закономерностей и особенностей, проявившихся при трансформации ордеров., The article is devoted to the results of the research work of the 14th group of the 1st year students of the Moscow Architectural Institute. Under the guidance of teachers, the students conducted a comparative analysis of the order forms of the Moscow metro stations (1935-1954) and the canon orders of Vignola, as well as orders of a number of famous historical buildings. A number of patterns and peculiarities were revealed that appeared during the transformation of orders.

In this report, we present an approach for the quantification of correctness of service-oriented software systems by combining the modeling tool Palladio and the deductive verification approach KeY. Our approach uses Palladio for modeling the service-oriented architecture, the usage scenarios of the system (called services) in particular, and the distribution of values for the parameters provided by the users. The correctness of a service is modeled as a Boolean condition. We use Palladio to compute the probability of a service being called with critical parameters, i.e., in a way that its correctness condition is violated. The critical parameters are computed by KeY, a deductive verification tool for Java. The approach is not limited to KeY: Other techniques, such as bug finding (testing, bounded model checking) can be used, as well as other verification tools. We present two scenarios, which we use as examples to evaluate the feasibility of the approach. Finally, we close with remarks on the extension to security properties. Furthermore, we discuss a possible approach to guide developers to locations of the code that should be verified or secured.

Ein Ort, an dem Symmetrie auf großzügige Weite trifft, an dem Purismus sowie Schlichtheit, prunkvollen, farbenreichen Fresken gegenüberstehen und wo Linearität Geometrie begegnet. Die von Andrea Palladio entworfene Villa Emo bildet den Ausgangspunkt dieser Diplomarbeit. Eingebettet in die italienische Landschaft in Vanzolo di Vedelago (Treviso) gilt diese bereits seit 1996 als fester Bestandteil des UNESCO Weltkulturerbes. Die Villa Emo wird derzeit als Museum sowie als Eventlocation genutzt und steht im Besitz der italienischen Bank "Credito Trevignano".Ziel dieser Diplomarbeit ist es der Villa Emo und dem zugehörgen, parkartigen, knapp 87 Hektar großen Gelände durch die Entwicklung eines Hotels eine erweitete Nutzungsmöglichkeit anzubieten.Unabdingbar für diesen Entwurf ist es das Weltkulturerbe Villa Emo in seiner Perfektion, seinem Purismus und seiner Eleganz keinesfalls zu berühren.Durch das, aus der Analyse und Recherche hervorgehende klar strukturierte und unaufdringliche Konzept eines oder mehrerer weiterer Gebäude und deren Nutzung durch ein Hotel, soll für Palladios Villa Emo eine zusätzliche, außergewöhnliche Funktion angeboten werden, die sich für das Gesamtareal als touristische Wertschöpfung erschließt., A scene where symmetry meets generous wideness, where purism as well as simplicity, faces magnificent, colourful frescos and where linearity encounters geometry. Andrea Palladio ́s Villa Emo sets the origin point to this master thesis. Embedded into the Italian landscape of Fanzolo di Vedelago (Treviso), Villa Emo is presumed to be a permanent component of Unesco World Heritage. Nowadays Villa Emo is used as Museum as well as event location and is an acquired property of the Italian bank „Credito Trevignano“.Aim of this master thesis, is to offer Villa Emo and it ́s about 87 hectare park large area, a new possi-bilty of use, by developing a hotel. I ́ts indispensable for this project, to not touch the World Hertiage Villa Emo, in its perfection, purism, and elegance. The clear structured and low key concept, emerging out of analysis and research will contain one or more new buildings. Their utilization as a hotel should offer Palladios Villa Emo an additional and exceptional function, which opens up new uses for the overall area as touristic added value.

The Mediterranean world has been seen for centuries as a ‘hyperbaric chamber’ in which the production of idyllic images by Grand Tour travellers has led its actual architectural evolution to the abysses, as a result of compromises in space. This has involved the construction of a (counter-)Atlas within which the architectures have acted by transfers, thus redefining the notion of geography according to space. This work investigates this 'encroaching' through the theme of the bourgeois dwelling, seeking a logical principle between the Mediterranean and the architectures by Palladio, Rossi and Märkli, united by a system of invisible distances able to demonstrate the temporariness of the 'maps'. Therefore, if it is true that the construction of space is able to change the geographical maps, it is legitimate to ask in this sense where the Mediterranean ends, a question to which this work tries to find an answer by means of the architectural project and its compositional phenomena.

Под руководством преподавателей учащиеся 15 группы 1 курса МАРХИ провели сравнительный анализ египетских ордерных форм с каноническими ордерами Палладио и Виньолы, а также с ордерами некоторых известных исторических зданий России, Европы и США. Был выявлен ряд тенденций, закономерностей и особенностей, проявившихся при трансформации ордеров., Under the guidance of teachers, students of the 15th group of the 1st course of MARCHI conducted a comparative analysis of Egyptian order forms with the canonical orders of Palladio and Vignola, as well as with the orders of some famous historical buildings in Russia, Europe and the USA. A number of trends, patterns, and features were revealed that manifested themselves during the transformation of orders.

Dynamische, sich selbst rekonfigurierende Systeme nutzen Nachrichtenwarteschlangen als gängige Methode zum Erreichen von Entkopplung zwischen Sendern und Empfängern. Das Vorhersagen der Qualität von Systemen zur Entwurfszeit ist wesentlich, da Änderungen in späteren Phasen der Entwicklung sehr viel aufwändiger und teurer sind. Momentan gibt es keine Methode, Nachrichtenwarteschlangen auf architekturellem Level darzustellen und deren Qualitätseinfluss auf Systeme vorherzusagen. Existierende Ansätze modellieren Warteschlangen nicht explizit sondern abstrahieren sie. Warteschlangeneffekte sowie Details der Nachrichten-Infrastruktur wie zum Beispiel Flusskontrolle werden nicht beachtet. Diese Arbeit schlägt ein Meta-Modell vor, das eine solche Repräsentation ermöglicht, und eine Simulations-Schnittstelle zwischen einer Simulation einer komponentenbasierten Architekturbeschreibungssprache und einer Nachrichtenaustausch-Simulation. Das Meta-Modell wurde als Erweiterung des Palladio Komponentenmodells realisiert. Die Schnittstelle wurde implementiert für den Palladio-Simulator SimuLizar und eine von RabbitMQ inspirierte Simulation, die dem AMQP 0.9.1 Protokoll folgt. Dies ermöglicht architekturelle Repräsentation von Nachrichtenaustausch und das Vorhersagen von Qualitätsattributen von nachrichtengetriebenen, selbst-adaptiven Systemen. Die Evaluation anhand einer Fallstudie zeigt die Anwendbarkeit des Ansatzes und seine Vorhersagegenauigkeit für Punkt-zu-Punkt-Kommunikation. Außerdem konnten andere qualitätsbezogene Metriken, wie etwa Nachrichtenwarteschlangenlänge, Ein- und Ausgangsraten von Nachrichtenwarteschlangen, sowie Speicherverbrauch korrekt vorhergesagt werden. Das ermöglicht tiefere Einsichten in die Qualität eines Systems. Wir argumentieren weiterhin, dass der Ansatz in dieser Arbeit selbst-adaptive nachrichtengetriebene Systeme, die sich basierend auf verschiedenen Metriken rekonfigurieren, simulieren kann.

This thesis investigates the design of a new, private residential community on the undeveloped island, Thatch Cay, in the U.S. Virgin Islands. Architectural issues explored include the use of load bearing walls versus free standing columns for the primary structure of the individual buildings as a means of ordering space and a way to frame the context of the Caribbean. Architectural decisions involve how to make openings in the walls, how much of the walls remain, and how the remaining portions of the walls are articulated, as best suited for the specific building type, a prototype residence, in this particular setting in the tropics. Master of Architecture

Tide prediction machines, prosopography and digital humanities are the three main axes upon which my Master’s degree research project is constructed. This poster explains what these three most important components of my project are and how they link together, with a focus on the digital humanities tools used. I was awarded a travel scholarship to present this poster at the DARIAH Annual Event 2019 in Warsaw on 16 May 2019 as I won DARIAH's Digital Humanities tools and methods blog competition 2019.

In the eighteenth century, growing international building trends introduced Palladianism to Europe. Growing in Britain and Prussian circles, the symmetrical and simplistic classical style established itself as a part of the language of power and refinement. Sites like the Berlin State Opera, built in 1742, was commissioned by Frederick II of Prussia shortly after his accession to the throne, appears to be based on designs from Colen Campbell’s Vitruvius Britannicus. When the style was falling out of favor in Europe, it experienced a surge in North America at places like Drayton Hall in South Carolina, the Redwood Library in Newport, Rhode Island, and Monticello in Charlottesville, Virginia. Initially, Palladianism had a pure origin when introduced to England by Inigo Jones in the early seventeenth century. However, when the style lost popularity due to the English Civil war, the Baroque and other influences from the continent could fill the vacuum until the style reappeared in the early eighteenth century. The Burlington circle was fluent in Palladian vocabulary but had other aesthetic options to incorporate when designing new architectural features. Architects in Ireland applied Palladianism in a purer form than their precedents or contemporaries, adhering strictly to the rules of symmetry and decoration regarding plan and appearance. Edward Lovett Pearce and Richard Castle, the two leading architects in Ireland at the time, chose to ignore other design options, despite their education suggesting a potential for other influences. Irish patrons also did little in comparison to their English counterparts in landscaping due to the lusher environment. As a result, the Irish Palladian country house was closer to Palladio’s own creations in materials and construction, adherence to the rules laid out by Palladio, and their situation in a functional landscape.

This thesis presents an approach for the design time analysis of energy efficiency for static and self-adaptive software systems. The quality characteristics of a software system, such as performance and operating costs, strongly depend upon its architecture. Software architecture is a high-level view on software artifacts that reflects essential quality characteristics of a system under design. Design decisions made on an architectural level have a decisive impact on the quality of a system. Revising architectural design decisions late into development requires significant effort. Architectural analyses allow software architects to reason about the impact of design decisions on quality, based on an architectural description of the system. An essential quality goal is the reduction of cost while maintaining other quality goals. Power consumption accounts for a significant part of the Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) of data centers. In 2010, data centers contributed 1.3% of the world-wide power consumption. However, reasoning on the energy efficiency of software systems is excluded from the systematic analysis of software architectures at design time. Energy efficiency can only be evaluated once the system is deployed and operational. One approach to reduce power consumption or cost is the introduction of self-adaptivity to a software system. Self-adaptive software systems execute adaptations to provision costly resources dependent on user load. The execution of reconfigurations can increase energy efficiency and reduce cost. If performed improperly, however, the additional resources required to execute a reconfiguration may exceed their positive effect. Existing architecture-level energy analysis approaches offer limited accuracy or only consider a limited set of system features, e.g., the used communication style. Predictive approaches from the embedded systems and Cloud Computing domain operate on an abstraction that is not suited for architectural analysis. The execution of adaptations can consume additional resources. The additional consumption can reduce performance and energy efficiency. Design time quality analyses for self-adaptive software systems ignore this transient effect of adaptations. This thesis makes the following contributions to enable the systematic consideration of energy efficiency in the architectural design of self-adaptive software systems: First, it presents a modeling language that captures power consumption characteristics on an architectural abstraction level. Second, it introduces an energy efficiency analysis approach that uses instances of our power consumption modeling language in combination with existing performance analyses for architecture models. The developed analysis supports reasoning on energy efficiency for static and self-adaptive software systems. Third, to ease the specification of power consumption characteristics, we provide a method for extracting power models for server environments. The method encompasses an automated profiling of servers based on a set of restrictions defined by the user. A model training framework extracts a set of power models specified in our modeling language from the resulting profile. The method ranks the trained power models based on their predicted accuracy. Lastly, this thesis introduces a systematic modeling and analysis approach for considering transient effects in design time quality analyses. The approach explicitly models inter-dependencies between reconfigurations, performance and power consumption. We provide a formalization of the execution semantics of the model. Additionally, we discuss how our approach can be integrated with existing quality analyses of self-adaptive software systems. We validated the accuracy, applicability, and appropriateness of our approach in a variety of case studies. The first two case studies investigated the accuracy and appropriateness of our modeling and analysis approach. The first study evaluated the impact of design decisions on the energy efficiency of a media hosting application. The energy consumption predictions achieved an absolute error lower than 5.5% across different user loads. Our approach predicted the relative impact of the design decision on energy efficiency with an error of less than 18.94%. The second case study used two variants of the Spring-based community case study system PetClinic. The case study complements the accuracy and appropriateness evaluation of our modeling and analysis approach. We were able to predict the energy consumption of both variants with an absolute error of no more than 2.38%. In contrast to the first case study, we derived all models automatically, using our power model extraction framework, as well as an extraction framework for performance models. The third case study applied our model-based prediction to evaluate the effect of different self-adaptation algorithms on energy efficiency. It involved scientific workloads executed in a virtualized environment. Our approach predicted the energy consumption with an error below 7.1%, even though we used coarse grained measurement data of low accuracy to train the input models. The fourth case study evaluated the appropriateness and accuracy of the automated model extraction method using a set of Big Data and enterprise workloads. Our method produced power models with prediction errors below 5.9%. A secondary study evaluated the accuracy of extracted power models for different Virtual Machine (VM) migration scenarios. The results of the fifth case study showed that our approach for modeling transient effects improved the prediction accuracy for a horizontally scaling application. Leveraging the improved accuracy, we were able to identify design deficiencies of the application that otherwise would have remained unnoticed.