804 results on '"new construction"'
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52. Addendum to the Building America House Simulation Protocols
- Author
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Horowitz, S
- Published
- 2012
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- View/download PDF
53. Addendum to the Building America House Simulation Protocols
- Author
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Horowitz, S. [National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
54. ASPECTS OF FINANCING OF THE STATE CAPITAL INVESTMENTS
- Author
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S. B. Pestov
- Subjects
innovative development ,state capital investments ,state budget ,modernization ,reconstruction ,new construction ,Finance ,HG1-9999 - Abstract
One of the major tools and conditions of modernization and transition to investment development is carrying out effective investment policy by the state in the field of the state capital investments. In the conditions of limitation of financial resources of means of the state, according to the author, have to go first of all to such forms of capital construction as modernization and modernization of the existing research and production base.Meanwhile contradictions and shortcomings of the developed conceptual framework in financing of the state capital investments create considerable difficulties in the solution of a problem of ensuring rhythmical and effective financing from the budget of modernization and modernization. In the article the author considers concepts of modernization, new construction, reconstruction and modernization, expansion of production and their reflection in the current legislation and standard and legal documents, shows discrepancy of interpretation of these concepts in different legislative and normative legal acts that results in difficulties in practical activities on implementation of the state capital investments. The reasons of the developed situation are analyzed and offers on its correction are made.
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- 2017
55. Measure Guideline: Basement Insulation Basics
- Author
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Puttagunta, S
- Published
- 2012
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- View/download PDF
56. Measure Guideline. Basement Insulation Basics
- Author
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Puttagunta, S. [Consortium for Advanced Residential Buildings (CARB), Norwalk, CT (United States)]
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- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
57. Zukunft Bestand
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Berger, Laurenz and Weber, Barbara
- Subjects
Building within existing structures ,ÖFOS 2012 -- TECHNICAL SCIENCES (2) -- Construction Engineering (201) -- Construction Engineering not elsewhere classified (2019) -- Building within existing structures (201905) ,Housing ,ÖFOS 2012 -- TECHNICAL SCIENCES (2) -- Construction Engineering (201) -- Architecture (2012) -- Housing (201213) ,Sustainable building ,ÖFOS 2012 -- TECHNICAL SCIENCES (2) -- Construction Engineering (201) -- Civil Engineering (2011) -- Sustainable building (201128) ,Timber engineering ,ÖFOS 2012 -- TECHNICAL SCIENCES (2) -- Construction Engineering (201) -- Civil Engineering (2011) -- Timber engineering (201113) ,Architecture: residential and domestic buildings ,Thema Subject Codes -- The Arts (A) -- Architecture (AM) -- Architecture: residential and domestic buildings (AMK) ,Building redevelopment, retrofitting, refurbishment ,Thema Subject Codes -- Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes (T) -- Civil engineering, surveying and building (TN) -- Building construction and materials (TNK) -- Building redevelopment, retrofitting, refurbishment (TNKR) ,Austria ,Thema Subject Codes -- Place qualifiers (1) -- Europe (1D) -- Central Europe (1DF) -- Austria (1DFA) ,20th century, c 1900 to c 1999 ,Thema Subject Codes -- Time period qualifiers (3) -- c 1500 onwards to present day (3M) -- 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999 (3MP) ,Early 21st century c 2000 to c 2050 ,Thema Subject Codes -- Time period qualifiers (3) -- c 1500 onwards to present day (3M) -- 21st century, c 2000 to c 2100 (3MR) -- Early 21st century c 2000 to c 2050 (3MRB) ,existing buildings ,housing ,housing complex ,renovation ,eco-social ,transformation ,climate crisis ,climate resilience ,inclusion ,brick construction ,rpefabricated reinforced concrete construction ,Linz ,Vienna ,demolition ,new construction ,resources ,emissions ,CO2 ,timber construction ,architecture ,Bauen im Bestand ,ÖFOS 2012 -- TECHNISCHE WISSENSCHAFTEN (2) -- Bauwesen (201) -- Sonstiges Bauwesen (2019) -- Bauen im Bestand (201905) ,Wohnbau ,ÖFOS 2012 -- TECHNISCHE WISSENSCHAFTEN (2) -- Bauwesen (201) -- Architektur (2012) -- Wohnbau (201213) ,Nachhaltiges Bauen ,ÖFOS 2012 -- TECHNISCHE WISSENSCHAFTEN (2) -- Bauwesen (201) -- Bauingenieurwesen (2011) -- Nachhaltiges Bauen (201128) ,Holzbau ,ÖFOS 2012 -- TECHNISCHE WISSENSCHAFTEN (2) -- Bauwesen (201) -- Bauingenieurwesen (2011) -- Holzbau (201113) ,Architektur: Wohngebäude und Wohnungen ,Thema Klassifizierung -- Kunst (A) -- Architektur (AM) -- Architektur: Wohngebäude und Wohnungen (AMK) ,Gebäudesanierung, -nachrüstung, -renovierung ,Thema Klassifizierung -- Technologie, Ingenieurswissenschaft, Landwirtschaft, Industrieprozesse (T) -- Bauingenieur-, Vermessungs- und Bauwesen (TN) -- Hochbau und Baustoffe (TNK) -- Gebäudesanierung, -nachrüstung, -renovierung (TNKR) ,Österreich ,Thema Klassifizierung -- Geographische Qualifier (1) -- Europa (1D) -- Mitteleuropa (1DF) -- Österreich (1DFA) ,20. Jahrhundert (ca. 1900 bis ca. 1999) ,Thema Klassifizierung -- Zeitliche Qualifier (3) -- ca. 1500 bis zur Gegenwart (3M) -- 20. Jahrhundert (ca. 1900 bis ca. 1999) (3MP) ,Erste Hälfte 21. Jahrhundert (ca. 2000 bis ca. 2050) ,Thema Klassifizierung -- Zeitliche Qualifier (3) -- ca. 1500 bis zur Gegenwart (3M) -- 21. Jahrhundert (ca. 2000 bis ca. 2100) (3MR) -- Erste Hälfte 21. Jahrhundert (ca. 2000 bis ca. 2050) (3MRB) ,Bestand ,Wohnhausanlage ,Sanierung ,ökosozial ,Transformation ,Klimakrise ,Klimaresilienz ,Inklusion ,Ziegelbauweise ,Stahlbeton-Fertigteilbauweise ,Wien ,Abbruch ,Neubau ,Ressourcen ,Emissionen ,Architektur - Abstract
Zukunft Bestand is a holistic concept for the ecological and socially inclusive renovation of existing housing complexes. Using two case studies representative of typical building methods of the 20th century, the book shows how measures a) preserve and inclusively improve existing structures, b) carefully integrate anything new, c) save resources and use them sensibly. The eco-social transformation, presented in the scales of settlement, building and detail, is therefore applicable to a large number of housing complexes in Austria and beyond., Zukunft Bestand ist ein Gesamtkonzept für die ökologische und sozial inklusive Sanierung bestehender Wohnhausanlagen. Das Buch zeigt anhand von zwei Fallbeispielen, die repräsentativ für typische Bauweisen des 20. Jahrhunderts sind, wie Maßnahmen a) Bestehendes erhalten und inklusiv verbessern, b) Neues behutsam integrieren, c) Ressourcen schonen und sinnvoll einsetzen. Die in den Maßstäben Siedlung, Gebäude und Detail dargestellte ökosoziale Transformation ist somit auf eine Vielzahl von Wohnhausanlagen in Österreich und darüber hinaus anwendbar.
- Published
- 2024
58. Hawaii Clean Energy Initiative Existing Building Energy Efficiency Analysis: November 17, 2009 - June 30, 2010
- Author
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Potes, A
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
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59. Building America Research Benchmark Definition, Updated December 2009
- Author
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Engebrecht, Cheryn [National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
60. AWARENESS OF TRENCHLESS TECHNOLOGIES IN THE UAE.
- Author
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Zaneldin, Essam and Sivaloganathan, Sangarappillai
- Subjects
TRENCHLESS construction ,WATER supply ,TELECOMMUNICATION network management ,REHABILITATION - Abstract
The population of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) is growing and major cities are becoming increasingly crowded. Billions of dollars have been allocated to replace and maintain the existing infrastructure. This includes the installation, inspection, repair, and replacement of water supply, sewer, storm water, power, and telecommunication networks. Conventional open-trench methods to install new and rehabilitate existing utilities are expensive and lead to traffic disruption including road closures, traffic delays, detours resulting in noise and loss of access to homes and businesses, particularly in congested urban areas like Dubai and Abu Dhabi emirates. The UAE government is, therefore, looking at alternative methods for the installation, replacement, and maintenance of aging underground utilities. This paper will present the results of a questionnaire survey conducted among construction practitioners in the UAE representing municipalities, contractors, and design firms to elicit the current level of awareness of trenchless construction methods and their popularity as emerging technologies among construction practitioners across the country. Survey results provided an indication of the current and expected future trend in the application of trenchless technologies including the types currently employed. It also provided an idea on the percentage of projects that employed trenchless technologies or are willing to use these technologies in the future. A comparison of trenchless technology utilization now and in 2007 is also presented. The survey results revealed the current and potential future growth in utilizing trenchless methods and the expected average government expenditures for the construction of new utilities and the rehabilitation of existing ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
61. Ersatzneubau Hochwassersperrtor Ladenburg.
- Author
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Walter, Bernd, Englert, Rüdiger, and Piewak, Sebastian
- Subjects
- *
SHIPBUILDING , *CONSTRUCTION projects , *CONSTRUCTION - Abstract
Construction of the new flood barrage Ladenburg A new flood barrage construction will replace the old construction, put into use in 1931. For the protection of the industrial and residual areas nearby the artificial canal will be closed if a flooding situation with a return period of two years occurs. During planning and implementation of the new construction, it was important to ensure the operational readiness of the existing flood barrage and also to minimize the restrictions on shipping during the construction period. As the construction of the new barrage will take place mainly at nights and on weekends only some closures for ships will be necessary, therefore ensuring full operational capability. Furthermore, by constructing the replacement of the old flood barrage below its current state, the project is protected by the old construction and therefore largely flood‐safe. The design is a radial gate with two‐sided hydraulic drive. While implementing the measure the idea of standardization has to be taken into account. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
62. New Industrial and Transport Construction in Russia: Economic and Geographical Aspects.
- Author
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Klyuev, N. N.
- Abstract
The authors have conducted an inventory of investment projects implemented in post-Soviet Russia. The trends of the territorial organization of industry associated with new construction have been determined. An exceptionally high territorial differentiation of industrial construction, which is expressed in its concentration in a small number of industrial areas and its overconcentration in metropolitan regions, has been revealed. In the course of market reforms, the total fragmentation of a single national economic complex was replaced by an unstable trend of the spontaneous formation of complexes. When analyzing the structure of the new industrial construction, no signs of its greening have been identified—two-thirds of new facilities belong to environmentally aggressive industries. The newly constructed objects of transport infrastructure are aimed mainly at ensuring conditions for export, but not at strengthening the connectivity of the territory. This vector of Russia's territorial development is negative from both geopolitical and environmental standpoints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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63. Testing the greenhouse gas emissions reduction potential of alternative strategies for the english housing stock.
- Author
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Cabrera Serrenho, André, Drewniok, Michał, Dunant, Cyrille, and Allwood, Julian M.
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GREENHOUSE gas mitigation ,REDUCTION potential ,ARCHITECTURE ,ENERGY conservation in buildings ,ENGINEERING standards ,URBAN planning - Abstract
Abstract Buildings account for around a third of global energy and process emissions, but have been delivering much smaller emissions savings than other sectors. Although clear standards of new building construction and retrofitting options have been developed and are able to reduce building emissions, there is need for a clear prioritisation of policy options capable of delivering the greatest reduction in emissions at minimal costs. This requires an assessment of the trade-offs between new construction and retrofitting in terms of the pace of adoption of improved building standards and the emissions savings achieved to meet current climate targets. In this paper, a dynamic material flow analysis is used to explore the impact of combined mitigation strategies on both new and existing buildings capable of reducing embodied and operational emissions in the English domestic housing stock. The results show that progress in the use of low carbon materials in construction and the deployment of zero-carbon buildings at scale would not be enough to deliver a reduction of building emissions of the scale required nationally (–66% from current levels by 2050). Improvement in building standards for both new and pre-existing construction is essential to meet targets, but its costs are likely to be unreasonable without a reduction in the demand for floor area per capita by promoting flexible design of buildings, house sharing or telecommuting, which are likely to produce far-reaching implications in social organisation and urban planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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64. TO THE QUESTION OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF MUNICIPAL-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY IN RUSSIA
- Author
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M. M. Shabanova
- Subjects
municipal-private partnership ,public-private partnership ,concession agreements ,ppp - project ,investments ,new construction ,Technology - Abstract
The analysis of development of municipal and private partnership in regions of Russia is given, problems in development of municipal and private partnership in construction branch are revealed and the directions of increase of efficiency of municipal and private partnership in construction branch are defined.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
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65. The impact of the EU taxonomy on a construction contractor and an evaluation of taxonomy alignment in 13 sustainability-certified projects
- Author
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Arnesson, Alice and Gustafsson, Caroline
- Subjects
Arkitekturteknik ,hållbarhet ,BREEAM-SE ,EU Taxonomy ,nyproduktion ,byggentreprenör ,Architectural Engineering ,Taxonomiförordningen ,EU-taxonomi ,sustainability ,new construction ,construction contractor ,Miljöbyggnad - Abstract
För att skapa bättre förutsättningar att nå Parisavtalet och EU:s mål om klimatneutralitet har Europeiska kommissionen antagit Taxonomiförordningen, som kan beskrivas som ett klassificeringssystem för miljömässigt hållbara investeringar. Eftersom bygg- och fastighetssektorn bidrar till en stor andel av de globala koldioxidutsläppen finns ett kapitel i Taxonomiförordningens delegerande akt Climate Delegated Act med tekniska granskningskriterier som riktar sig särskilt mot bygg- och fastighetsverksamheter. I den delegerande akten fastställs tekniska granskningskriterier för sex miljömål. Från och med räkenskapsår 2022 ska bolag som omfattas av förordningen redovisa hur stor andel av bolagets ekonomiska aktiviteter som linjerar med EU-taxonomin. Det fanns få tidigare studier om implementering av EU:s taxonomi i bygg- och fastighetssektorn, men dessa pekar på att det råder en stor osäkerhet kring hur taxonomin ska implementeras och hur kriterierna ska tolkas. Syftet med examensarbetet var att bidra till ökad kunskap om vad införandet av EU-taxonomin innebär och hur den kan komma att påverka en byggentreprenörs verksamhet i Sverige. Utmaningar för en byggentreprenör identifierades på två olika nivåer: projekt- och företagsnivå. Därtill undersöktes hur EU-taxonomin kan förändra en byggentreprenörens hållbarhetsarbete i nyproduktionsprojekt, som idag främst sker genom miljöcertifiering. För att besvara forskningsfrågorna utfördes en litteraturstudie, en intervjustudie samt en projektutvärdering. Litteraturstudien resulterade i en introduktion till EU-taxonomin och dess uppbyggnad samt tolkningar, åsikter och kritik från tidigare forskning. Vidare genomfördes en genomlysning av hur BREEAM-SE v6.0 och Miljöbyggnad 4.0 implementerat EU-taxonomin. Utmaningar och påverkan på en byggentreprenörs hållbarhetsarbete undersöktes baserat på en projektutvärdering av 13 av NCC Building Swedens miljöcertifierade nybyggnadsprojekt samt en intervjustudie med två NCC-anställda med arbetsuppgifter som berör implementering av EU-taxonomin på företaget. Trots att EU-taxonomin syftar till att öka jämförbarheten mellan företags miljömässiga hållbarhetsarbete och klargöra definitionen av vad som kan anses miljömässigt hållbart visade resultaten att EU-taxonomins tekniska granskningskriterier i hög grad ger utrymme för tolkning vilket skapar utmaningar på både företags- och projektnivå. Utmaningarna rörde begreppsförvirring, omfattning samt av vem och i vilket skede ett kriterium bör hanteras för att linjera med EU-taxonomin. Resultaten indikerade också att en stor utmaning för byggentreprenören kommer att vara att hantera tekniska granskningskriterier som ligger utanför en byggentreprenörs rådighet. I ett nybyggnadsprojekt är flera aktörer delaktiga och byggentreprenören är ofta i beställarens händer vad gäller exempelvis val av produkter och utformning. Gällande vissa kriterier är byggentreprenören även i händerna på myndigheters arbete, främst det som sker i den kommunala planprocessen. Samverkan bedömdes därav vara en kritisk faktor för den byggentreprenör som avser att uppfylla EU-taxonomin i ett projekt. Aktörers beroende av varandra innebär svårigheter men kan reducera klimatpåverkan i det långa loppet. Samverkan inom byggentreprenörers är också viktigt då EU-taxonomin berör många avdelningar. Vidare indikerade studien att EU-taxonomin kommer att medföra en stor administrativ börda och att flera av EU-taxonomins kriterier är kostnadsdrivande. De tekniska granskningskriterier som, enligt examensarbetets resultat, kommer att vara mest utmanande för en byggentreprenör i nyproduktionsprojekt är de kriterier som berör klimatrisk- och sårbarhetsanalyser och implementering av anpassningslösningar; en byggnads flexibilitet, demonterbarhet, resurseffektivitet och anpassningsbarhet; samt kriteriet kopplat byggkomponenter- och material innehållande formaldehyd och cancerframkallande ämnen. Projektutvärderingen visade att de nybyggnadsprojekt som var miljöcertifierade med BREEAM-SE 2017 i högre grad linjerade med EU-taxonomin än projekt som miljöcertifierats enligt Miljöbyggnad 3. Det indikerar att personer och företag som tidigare arbetat med BREEAM-SE har bättre kunskapsmässiga förutsättningar att uppfylla EU-taxonomin än de som arbetat med Miljöbyggnad eller inte alls arbetat med miljöcertifiering. Studiens resultat pekar på två möjliga scenarier där EU-taxonomin antingen kommer att komplettera miljöcertifieringar som incitament till gröna fördelaktiga lån eller ersätta miljöcertifieringarna helt. I det senare fallet finns risk för ett mindre ambitiöst miljömässigt hållbarhetsarbete då både BREEAM-SE och Miljöbyggnad mäter miljöprestanda inom fler områden och ställer högre krav än EU-taxonomins tekniska granskningskriterier. Vidare har miljöcertifieringarna, till skillnad från EU-taxonomin, betygsnivåer som motiverar projektteamet att göra mer för ett högre betyg. Hur EU-taxonomin kommer att påverka en byggentreprenörs hållbarhetsarbete på projektnivå, som idag främst sker genom miljöcertifiering, beror på hur banker och investerare kommer att bedöma och värdesätta linjering, eller icke-linjering, med EU-taxonomin. To accomplish the goals of The Paris Agreement and The European Green Deal, the European Commission launched The Taxonomy Regulation, which can briefly be described as a classification system for environmentally sustainable economic activities. Since the construction and real estate industry annually contributes to a large proportion of global carbon dioxide emissions, one chapter in The Taxonomy Regulation’s delegated act Climate Delegated Act was assigned to industry. The Climate Delegated Act provides so-called technical screening criteria for six environmental objectives. As of the fiscal year 2022, all companies affected by the directive on "non-financial sustainability reporting" must report the percentage of the company’s EU taxonomy-aligned financial activities. There was limited previous research regarding the EU taxonomy, but the found literature indicated a vast uncertainty about how the taxonomy should be implemented and how the criteria should be interpreted. The purpose of this study, a Master’s Thesis paper, was to contribute to increased knowledge of establishing the EU taxonomy and how it will affect a Swedish construction company’s operations. Challenges a construction company may face because of the EU taxonomy were studied and identified at the project and organizational levels. This study also intended to investigate how the EU taxonomy relates to a construction company’s current work with environmental sustainability in new construction projects where sustainability assessment methods, such as BREEAM-SE or Miljöbyggnad, today play an essential role. The study is based on a literature study, an interview study and a project evaluation. A literature study, an interview study and a project evaluation were carried out to answer the research questions. The literature study resulted in an introduction to the EU taxonomy and its structure as well as presents interpretations, opinions and criticism from previous research. The literature study also investigated how BREEAM-SE v6.0 and Miljöbyggnad 4.0 have implemented the EU taxonomy. Challenges and the EU taxonomy’s impact on a construction company’s work with environmental sustainability were investigated based on a project evaluation of 13 NCC Sweden Building new construction projects which were certified with either BREEAM-SE 2017 or Miljöbyggnad 3. Lastly, two NCC employees were interviewed to add more knowledge about the organizational perspective of the EU taxonomy implementation. The EU taxonomy aims to clarify the definition of environmental sustainability and increase the ability to compare companies’ and countries’ work with sustainability, but this study concludes that construction companies who want to align with the EU taxonomy will face several challenges. Firstly, the EU taxonomy’s technical screening criteria include much room for interpretation, creating challenges at the project and organizational levels. There is confusion about the scope and regarding by whom and at what stage several of the criteria should be dealt with. A significant challenge for a construction company will be dealing with criteria that are considered beyond a construction company’s or the project team’s control. Several stakeholders are involved in a new construction project, and the construction company is often not a part of the early stages. Decisions affecting the construction company’s taxonomy alignment may be taken without their involvement. Therefore, cooperation and collaboration are critical factors for a construction company that intends to fulfill the EU taxonomy in a project. The dependence on each other implies a vast challenge, but at the same time, it will probably lead to broader and more open collaboration which will reduce the environmental impact in the long term. Collaboration will also be necessary within the construction company as the EU taxonomy affects several departments. Furthermore, the study indicated that the EU taxonomy will imply a large administrative burden and several criteria are costly. The most challenging technical screening criteria for a construction company in a new construction project in Sweden are the criteria that concern the climate risk and vulnerability assessment and implementation of adaption solutions; a building’s adaptation, flexibility, resource efficiency and dismantlability; as well as the criteria about building components and materials containing formaldehyde, carcinogenic volatile organic compounds and more. The project evaluation clearly showed that projects certified with BREEAM-SE aligned to a greater degree with the EU taxonomy. Therefore, employees and companies used to working with BREEAM will have prerequisites for taxonomy alignment compared to those used to working with Miljöbyggnad or no sustainability assessment method at all. Both BREEAM-SE and Miljöbyggnad evaluate a building’s environmental sustainability performance based on more aspects and have higher requirements than the EU taxonomy. It is still unclear whether the EU taxonomy will complement or replace the sustainability assessment methods as the incitement for green beneficial financing. If the EU taxonomy becomes the new and only incitement, there is most likely a risk of less ambitious work with environmental sustainability at the project level. Furthermore, BREEAM-SE and Miljöbyggnad have rating levels that motivate the project always to make an effort. The study showed that the EU taxonomy is not a successful tool yet, but there is a strong belief in its potential. The extent to which the EU taxonomy will affect a construction company’s work with sustainability depends on how banks and investors will value EU taxonomy alignment.
- Published
- 2023
66. Bostadsmarknadens dynamik
- Author
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Engerstam, Sviatlana
- Subjects
nybyggnation ,Svenska bostadsmarknaden ,institutionell miljö ,Economics ,House prices ,Huspriser ,institutional environments ,Swedish apartment market ,Nationalekonomi ,new construction - Abstract
The dynamics of housing markets constitute a complex phenomenon. The body of research is vast and includes thousands of studies done on the national and international level. Empirical evidence indicates that housing markets differ in local institutional arrangements and that these might affect the ways they develop over time. To analyze housing market dynamics in various institutional environments and to increase our understanding of them is the main objective of this thesis. The scope of research includes analysis of relevant theories and empirical models that might explain development of house prices over the long run. Given that prices affect housing construction, this thesis also aims to deepen understanding of the impact of the relationship between new construction and underlying fundamentals, together with various institutional arrangements that might differ between countries. In particular, they include bank lending policies, valuation methods for mortgage purposes, different regulatory measures like rent control, as well as land and building policies. The Swedish apartment market was chosen for empirical analysis. The analysis is carried out by a combination of qualitative and quantitative methodology and applies several research methods, such as systematic literature review, and panel data analysis with application of advanced econometric techniques like Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares, Fixed and Random Effects and Seemingly Unrelated Regressions. Four studies are carried out using these methodologies. The results indicate that the interest rate, disposable income and population growth seem to be major determinants of house prices according to studies found in the empirical literature (Paper 1). The study also classifies house price determinants in relation to the size of their elasticities. However, fundamental factors cannot always provide an explanation for the deviations in house price dynamics in different countries, whereas the institutional environment might do so (Paper 2). The analysis demonstrates that land prices and building policies, along with a number of market fundamentals, affect the average size of an apartment in new residential construction (Paper 3). In the presence of rent control, the rent or price level does not contribute by adding new units to the total housing stock. In addition, the displacement effect occurs primarily in the market’s rental sector and not in the tenant-owned apartments segment (Paper 4). This research contributes to a better understanding of housing markets dynamics and suggests policy implications that might reduce the risks for housing bubbles and improve the socio-economic development of the society over the long run. Bostadsmarknadens dynamik är ett komplext fenomen. Forskningen är enorm och omfattar tusentals studier gjorda på nationell och internationell nivå. Empiriska studier tyder på att bostadsmarknaderna skiljer sig åt i lokala institutionella arrangemang och det kan påverka hur de utvecklas över tiden. Att analysera bostadsmarknadens dynamik i olika institutionella miljöer och att öka vår förståelse om den är huvudsyftet med denna avhandling. Forskningsfokus ligger på analys av relevanta teorier och empiriska modeller som kan förklara utvecklingen av huspriser på lång sikt. Med tanke på att priserna påverkar bostadsbyggandet är fokus också på att förstå effekterna av sambandet mellan nybyggnation och underliggande fundamentala faktorer tillsammans med olika institutionella arrangemang som kan skilja sig åt mellan länder. De inkluderar banklånepolitik, värderingsmetoder, olika regleringar som hyresreglering, restriktioner av mark- och nybyggnation. Den svenska bostadsmarknaden valdes för tillämpad analys. Analysen utförs med kombinationen av kvalitativ och kvantitativ metodik och tillämpar flera forskningsmetoder som systematisk litteraturgenomgång och paneldataanalys med tillämpning av avancerade ekonometriska tekniker som Dynamisk Minsta Kvadratmetod (Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares), Fixa- och Slumpmässiga Effekter (Fixed and Random Effects) and Skenbart Orelaterade Regressioner (Seemingly Unrelated Regressions). Fyra studier genomförs med dessa metoder. Resultaten från empirisk litteratur tyder på att ränta, disponibel inkomst och befolkningstillväxt verkar vara avgörande faktorer för bostadsprisutveckling (Artikel 1). Studien klassificerar fundamentala faktorer i förhållande till storleken på deras elasticitet. De grundläggande faktorerna kan dock inte alltid ge en förklaring till avvikelserna i bostadsprisdynamiken i olika länder, men institutionell miljö kan göra det (Artikel 2). Analysen visar att restriktioner av markpriser och nybyggnation, tillsammans med ett antal grundläggande faktorer, påverkar den genomsnittliga storleken på lägenhet i nybyggnation (Artikel 3). Hyres och prisnivån på bostadsmarknaden med hyresregleringen bidrar inte till utvecklingen av det totala bostadsbeståndet. Undanträngningseffekten uppstår främst i marknadens hyressektor men inte i bostadsrättssegmentet (Artikel 4). Denna forskning bidrar till en bättre förståelse av bostadsmarknadernas dynamik och föreslår politiska åtgärder som kan minska riskerna för bostadsbubblor och förbättra den socioekonomiska utvecklingen på lång sikt. QC230522
- Published
- 2023
67. Sustainability Report: National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) 2003 -- 2004
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
68. IBACOS Builder System Performance Packages: January 2003-December 2003
- Author
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Norton, P. [National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)]
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
69. Dynamics of investment in fixed capital in the economy of the Northern regions
- Author
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Yusif Alimovich Gadzhiev, Valerii Ishkhanovich Akopov, and Viktor Nikolaevich Kanev
- Subjects
new construction ,modernization and reconstruction ,purchase of fixed assets ,Northern regions ,Sociology (General) ,HM401-1281 - Abstract
The article describes characteristics and trends of investment in fixed capital of the Northern regions. It singles out phases of rapid pre-crisis growth, crisis, post-crisis growth and stagnation. Stagnation and decline in recent years are caused by completed major investment projects, reduced own funds of enterprises, limited availability of investment resources and increased capital outflow. The article reveals that the growth of investment in fixed capital of the North in the post-crisis period is provided by the regions, carrying out major investment in oil and gas pipeline transport, oil extraction, production and distribution of electricity, gas and water. The changes in the sectoral structure of investment in fixed capital of the Northern regions are barely visible; the share of investment in the traded sector is still high, especially in mining, due to the Northern regions’ specialization in the extractive industries. The share of investment in the public sector and social services remains low. The specific structure of investment in fixed capital has changed: the share of investment in buildings (excluding housing) and structures has increased greatly; the share of investment in machinery, equipment, vehicles has decreased due to insufficient investment in mining enterprises and financial shortages in manufacturing. In most regions the structure of investment in fixed capital by directions is characterized by the increase in the share of investment in machinery, equipment, vehicles in new construction, investment in buildings and structures and the decline in the proportion of investment in machinery, equipment, vehicles modernization and reconstruction and acquisition of new fixed assets. The dynamics and the inefficient structure of investment in fixed assets and directions testify the shortage of investment in innovation in the Northern regions
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- 2015
- Full Text
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70. Оцінка взаємодії об'єкту нового будівництва при повному навантаженні та прилеглих будівель в умовах щільної забудови
- Subjects
enclosing structures ,параметри стійкості ,тісна забудова ,combined half-space ,комбінований півпростір ,dense building ,stability parameters ,stress-strain state ,огороджувальні конструкції ,new construction ,нове будівництво ,напружено-деформований стан - Abstract
The work is devoted to research the impact of a new building at full load after completion of its construction has been investigated through an assessment of the interaction with the building envelope, the ground mass of the base and the foundation of the existing five-story building, in comparison with the assessment of the impact of a deep excavation in the process of engineering preparation for this construction, based on the developed methodology for studying the interaction of new construction objects and nearby buildings in complex engineering and geological conditions and dense development conditions. For numerical studies of the stability of the combined space, the proposed methodology has been used, which is built on the initial relations of the variational equations of equilibrium and the equation of the load surface in the six-dimensional stress space, which is a development of the theory of the limit stress state of the soil half-space based on the introduction of an extended yield criterion for a plane problem of the nonlinear theory of elasticity and plasticity, which provides for the determination of the value of the second critical load, at which solid sections of the ultimate stress state appear in the soil half-space. From the analysis of the movements of the nodes located on the vertical face of the «wall in the soil» structure (retaining wall of the pit), it can be concluded that the transverse displacements of the retaining wall compared to the calculations according to the first option have changed to the opposite, which is associated with the formation of a sliding prism under the passive pressure on the retaining wall from the side of the pile foundation of the new building. This indicates a change in the stress-deformation state of the soil base of the existing building, from the influence of the deep excavation during the construction process, which was evaluated according to the first version of calculations, to the impact of the new building after the end of construction, which was analyzed according to the second version of calculations. In this way, the change in the stress-deformation state of the main urban building is determined, which is a criterion for determining the impact of adjacent construction in the urban area on the condition of the ground bases and foundations of adjacent buildings, their preservation and ensuring safe operation., У роботі досліджується вплив нової будівлі при повному навантаженні після закінчення будівництва, шляхом оцінки її взаємодії з огороджувальними конструкціями з ґрунтовою масою та основою і фундаментом існуючої п’ятиповерхової будівлі, у порівнянні з оцінкою впливу глибокого котловану в процесі інженерної підготовки будівництва, на основі розробленої методології дослідження взаємодії об'єктів нового будівництва та прилеглої забудови у складних інженерно-геологічних умовах і в умовах щільної забудови. Для чисельних досліджень стійкості комбінованого простору використовуються запропонована методологія, яка побудована на вихідних співвідношеннях варіаційних рівнянь рівноваги і рівняння поверхнінавантаження у шестивимірномупросторінапружень, що є розвиткомтеорії граничного напруженого стану ґрунтового півпростору на основі запровадження розширеного критерію текучості для плоскої задачі нелінійної теорії пружності і пластичності, яка передбачає визначення величини другого критичного навантаження, при якому у ґрунтовому півпросторі виникають суцільні ділянки граничного напруженого стану. З аналізу переміщень вузлів, які розташовані на вертикальній грані конструкції «стіни в ґрунті» (підпірної стінки котловану) зроблений висновок, що поперечні зміщення підпірної стіни, порівняно з розрахунками за першим варіантом, змінилися на протилежні, що пов'язано з утворенням призми ковзання за пасивним тиском на підпірну стінку з боку пальового фундаменту новобудови. Це свідчить про зміну напружено-деформованого стану ґрунтової основи існуючої забудови, від впливу глибокого котловану у процесі будівництва, який був оцінений за першим варіантом розрахунків, до впливу нової будівлі після закінчення будівництва, що було проаналізовано за другим варіантом розрахунків. Таким чином визначена зміна напружено-деформованого стану основ міської забудови, що є критерієм визначення впливу суміжного будівництва у міській зоні на стан основ і фундаментів суміжних будівель, їх збереження та забезпечення безпечної експлуатації.
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- 2022
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71. Seguimiento de obra de 20 viviendas unifamiliares adosadas en Bétera
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Micó Cerdán, Óscar
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New construction ,Viviendas unifamiliares ,CONSTRUCCIONES ARQUITECTONICAS ,Obra nova ,Viviendas adosadas ,La hípica ,Townhouses ,Habitatges unifamiliars ,Vivendes ,Obra nueva ,Bétera ,Betera ,Aralia Uno ,Housing ,Valencia ,Equestrian ,Grado en Arquitectura Técnica-Grau en Arquitectura Tècnica - Abstract
[ES] Seguimiento de obra mediante un convenio con empresa de la construcción de 20 viviendas unifamiliares adosadas en la Hípica, en Bétera, Valencia. Este trabajo se ha realizado mediante un convenio con un despacho de arquitectos técnicos en el que el trabajo ha sido una sinergia para realizar el seguimiento de obra y a su vez una correcta elaboración y seguimiento del procedimiento como debería realizarse por un arquitecto técnico., [CA ]Seguiment d'obra mitjançant un conveni amb empresa de la construcció de 20 vivendes unifamiliars adossades en l'hípica, a Bétera, València. Aquest treball s’ha realitzat mitjançant un conveni amb un despaig d’arquitectes tècnics, en el que el treball ha sigut una sinergia per a realizar el seguiment d’obra i a la vegada, una correcta elaboració i seguiment del procediment de com deuría realizarse per un arquitecte tècnic., [EN] Work monitoring through an agreement with a company for the construction of 20 semi-detached single-family homes in the Hípica, in Bétera, Valencia. This work has been carried out through an agreement with an-office of technical architects in which the work has been a synergy to carry out the follow-up of the work and, in turn, a correct elaboration and follow-up of the procedure as it should be done by a building engineer.
- Published
- 2022
72. ZEMCH International Research 2020.
- Author
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Kim, Jun-Tae, Altan, Haşim, Kim, Jun-Tae, and Noguchi, Masa
- Subjects
History of engineering & technology ,AHU (air handling unit) ,BESS (battery energy storage system) ,BIPVT (building-integrated photovoltaic/thermal) ,CFD (computational fluid dynamic) ,POE study ,PV/T system ,UAE ,United Arab Emirates ,air-type PVT collector ,apartment houses ,balcony photovoltaic system ,building energy audit ,building envelope thermal defects ,building height diversity ,confinement effects ,construction defects ,construction quality ,contaminant control ,customer integration ,demographics ,domestic environment ,double windows ,dual-fluid ,dynamic building simulation ,dynamic energy performance gap ,energy ,energy dissipation ,energy labeling program for windows ,energy performance gap ,environmental factors ,existing building ,fertility intention ,glass-to-glass ,housing ,housing expectation ,housing policy ,housing situation ,impacts ,mass customisation ,mass customization ,mock-up experiment ,model validation ,new construction ,newlyweds ,occupants' experiences ,operation modes ,optical sensing ,overall thermal transmittance of windows ,particulate matter ,post-occupancy ,practices ,qualitative analysis ,reinforced concrete column ,residential ,residential satisfaction ,simulation ,simulation model validation and calibration ,social housing ,socioeconomics ,spatial factors ,sustainability and livability of neighborhoods ,sustainable indoor environment ,sustainable solar shading ,sustainable urban environments ,theoretical relationship ,thermal and electrical efficiency ,thermal bridging ,thermal performance ,thermography ,triangular baffles ,zero-energy houses - Abstract
Summary: Globally, record weather temperatures and changing climatic patterns, attributed partly to energy use and related carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, indicate that the issue of global warming cannot be marginalized. In most countries buildings account for a significant share of the total final energy consumed and are responsible for associated CO2 emissions. In response to market needs and demands for social, economic, and environmental sustainability of housing in developed and developing countries, the Zero-Energy Mass Custom Home (ZEMCH), integrating lean design and sustainable construction concepts, was envisaged and discussed internationally. To deliver a marketable and reliable near-zero-energy/emission-conscious mass custom home, various key design, technological, production and marketing, and delivery and operational parameters need to be optimized harmoniously. This book compiles recent research articles of ZEMCH International Research 2020. A wide range of ZEMCH topics, including building envelope evaluations, occupant choice and experience, indoor environmental quality, automated control systems, mass customization, and integration of renewable energy, on both building and urban scales are covered. It aims to address current questions as well as present challenges and opportunities for continuous development of built environments for users with diverse socio-economic backgrounds and cultural differences in developed and developing countries.
73. SHEARING LAYERS CONCEPT AND LEED GREEN BUILDINGS IN BOTH RATING SCHEMES AND CERTIFIED PROJECTS.
- Author
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Pushkar, Svetlana and Verbitsky, Oleg
- Subjects
SUSTAINABLE buildings ,SHEAR (Mechanics) ,CONSTRUCTION projects ,LEADERSHIP in Energy & Environmental Design ,SERVICE life - Abstract
The Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) for New Construction and Major Renovations v3 (NC) and LEED for Existing Buildings: Operations and Maintenance v3 (EB) schemes were studied to examine the application of the shearing layer concept to green buildings. The manners in which (i) rating systems in their current configurations and (ii) certified projects in their practical applications treated the long life-expectances in buildings and short life-expectancies in systems were questioned. To maximally reduce nondemonic intrusion, we studied only those states in the United States in which statistically viable numbers of projects had been completed in 2016. A two-way mixed analysis of variance (ANOVA) model was used to evaluate the interaction between two types of buildings (i.e., NC vs EB) and two sets of sub-layers (i.e., Site, Structure, and Skin from the Building layer and Services, Space Plane, and Stuff from the Service layer). The discrepancy in the case of a new building and the similarity in the case of a renovated building between rating schemes and certified projects were revealed: (i) the NC rating scheme prefers to emphasize the Service layer (SL), whereas newly constructed projects prefer to emphasize the Building layer (BL) due to the high performance of the Site and Structure sub-layers; (ii) the EB rating scheme prefers to emphasize the Service layer, as do renovated building projects, due to the high performance of the Stuff sub-layer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
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74. Industrial and Transport Development of the Territory of Russia in the Post-Soviet Period.
- Author
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Klyuev, N. N.
- Subjects
INVESTMENTS ,BUILDING design & construction ,TRANSPORTATION - Abstract
The inventory of implemented investment projects was used as the basis for compiling a smallscale map to display the main features of industrial and transport development of the territory of post-Soviet Russia. An exceptional territorial differentiation of industrial construction is revealed, which implies primarily its overconcentration in Moscow oblast as well as in the north-west (St. Petersburg and Leningrad oblast). The northern and eastern regions of the country are characterized by focal industrial development and the dominance of mining enterprises. In Asian Russia, large-scale industrial construction is allocated to Kuzbass, and Yamalo-Nenets and Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrugs, but the “density” of development is small. In many areas, new enterprises are similar in their specialization to the economic profile of a given area. Signs of territorial-production integration of enterprises in the specific conditions of the Russian market are identified. The new economic conditions saw the emergence of new sectors and production facilities: development of oil and gas resources on the shelf of the Sea of Okhotsk and the Caspian, Baltic, Pechora and Black Seas; gas liquefaction plants, and automobile assembly enterprises. Only a quarter of the new industrial enterprises are located in regional capitals. The dispersion of industries within separate regions is determined by the high proportion of extractive enterprises, the formation of special economic zones outside the regional centers, and by the low cost of land and labor in small towns and villages. The new “village” industry has a broad spectrum of specialization and is not limited to processing agricultural raw materials. Analysis of the structure of the new industrial construction did not reveal any signs of its ecologization. Two thirds of the new facilities refer to basic, environmentally “aggressive” sectors. Most of the newly built transport infrastructure facilities are specialized in satisfying the export requirements of the country’s economy, rather than in enhancing connectivity of its territory. Intensive construction of ports and pipelines leads to the concentration of anthropogenic pressure on the water areas and the coasts, in particular the Baltic, Black and Azov Seas. The resulting map reveals new foci and areas of change in the natural environment and its large-scale transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
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75. Betweenness Centrality-Based seismic risk management for bridge transportation networks.
- Author
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Chen, Mengdie, Mangalathu, Sujith, and Jeon, Jong-Su
- Subjects
- *
TRANSPORTATION management , *NETWORK performance , *EMERGENCY management , *RETROFITTING , *BUDGET , *INFORMATION resources management , *BRIDGES , *CONTINUOUS bridges - Abstract
• Assess the seismic reliability analysis of a bridge network using BC approach. • Propose a new computationally efficient BC concept to rank importance order of bridges. • Suggest the seismic retrofit plan of a bridge network based on the BC importance of bridges. • Present a BC-based approach that improves the network performance using new constructions. Although bridges are integral parts of transportation networks, they are vulnerable to natural hazards. The damage incurred during these natural hazards events leads to network disruptions and hinders post-event recovery. Therefore, improving the seismic performance of transportation networks is critical. This paper proposes an origin–destination pair betweenness centrality (BC)-based methodology to rank bridges according to their importance in a complex bridge network. The proposed methodology is an easy-to-use approach that considers user equilibrium and topology and significantly shorten the computational time. In addition, this study proposes two strategies including the retrofit of bridges and construction of new bridges based on the BC importance of bridges to mitigate the seismic risk of bride networks. A well-studied bridge network in California was used to demonstrate the application and the effect of different strategies was compared in this study. Bridges located at the shortest path significantly affect the seismic performance of bridge networks, indicating there is no need to rehabilitate or replace all bridges under budget constraints. Also, constructing five new bridges based on BC importance improved seismic performance of the bridge network much more than retrofitting 21 bridges. Moreover, the proposed methodology presents a significant reduction in computational time (only 1/30 compared with an existing study) in resolving the importance of bridges in a network and can be applied to provide useful information for disaster management teams to mitigate the seismic risk of bridge networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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76. Arkitekturens betydelse för mänskligt välbefinnande : Fasadens estetik och det offentliga rummet ur Malmös fastighetsförmedlares perspektiv
- Author
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Marques de Pombal, Maria Isabel, Hellgren, Amanda, Marques de Pombal, Maria Isabel, and Hellgren, Amanda
- Abstract
The purpose of the thesis is to investigate what broker students and professional brokers in Malmö perceive as aesthetically pleasing. This means analyzing the effect that architecture has on human well-being. That raises the questions why today it is not built in accordance with what the people want to feel good about and What are the values and properties that make a particular form of building perceived as more aesthetically pleasing than another and how are those related to what is being built in Malmö today. The study is based on a hypothesis that many of the buildings that are being erected today do not correspond to the aesthetics that people want to see, so non-professionals were also asked to answer the questions in the survey to get a better overall picture. The discussion regarding the growth of cities has become more extensive and more tangible, especially when it comes to the debate about aesthetics, that means about how new buildings are designed and shaped. It is thus understood that the aesthetic values of architecture have an effect on people's experience, therefore it should be considered important to examine what Malmö City's residents want to see built and experienced. However, it is a difficult task to measure and satisfy the individual opinions of all Malmö residents. The architectural value of a building thus appears to be an important part of the social environment, whereupon it is interesting and relevant to study the impact its aesthetics have on future and active real estate agents. The assumption for the study was that many of the buildings being erected today do not match the aesthetics that people want to see and find appealing. In summary, the survey shows that the respondents have a reasonably unanimous view regarding what characterizes an aesthetically pleasing property, i.e. buildings whose facades have a richness of detail., Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka vad mäklarstudenter och professionella mäklare i Malmö upplever som estetisk tilltalande. Det innebär att analysera vilken effekt arkitekturen har för människors välbefinnande. Frågan blir då varför det idag inte byggs i enlighet med vad folket vill ha. Till grunden för studien ligger en hypotes att många av de byggnader som idag uppförs inte stämmer överens med den estetik som människor önskar se därför tillfrågades också icke- yrkesutövare personer att besvara frågorna i enkäten för att få en bättre helhetsbild. Diskussionen gällande städers tillväxt har blivit mer omfattande och mer påtaglig särskilt när det gäller debatten om det estetiska, speciellt om hur nybyggnationer utformas och gestaltas. Det är alltså underförstått att arkitekturens estetiska värden har en effekt på människors upplevelse därför bör det anses viktigt att undersöka vad Malmö stads invånare vill se byggas och upplevas. Det är dock en svår uppgift att mäta och tillgodose alla malmöbors enskilda åsikter. Byggnads arkitektoniska värden framstår således som en viktig del i den sociala miljön varpå det är intressant och aktuellt att studera vilken inverkan dess estetik har på blivande och verkande fastighetsmäklare. Antagandet för studien var att många av de byggnader som uppförs idag inte stämmer överens med den estetik som människor vill se och tycker är tilltalande. Undersökningen visar sammanfattningsvis att respondenterna har en någorlunda enad syn gällande vad som karakteriserar en estetiskt tilltalande fastighet, alltså byggnader vars fasader har detaljrikedom.
- Published
- 2022
77. Från idé till kölsträckning : En kartläggande studie om det arbete som ligger bakom en beställning av ett fartyg
- Author
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Rosengren Armata, Sebastian, Gundersvik, Philip, Rosengren Armata, Sebastian, and Gundersvik, Philip
- Abstract
Det finns många internationella krav som ställs på ett fartyg genom FN:s internationella organ IMO, i och med intågandet av en mer humanistisk syn på sjömannen samt samhällets gröna omställning regleras en styrd bransch ytterligare. I det moderna globala samhället där länder är direkt beroende utav varandra genom export och import av diverse varor så finns också en hög efterfrågan på kostnadseffektiv och välorganiserad transport – både på spotmarknad och linjefart liksom godstrafik och passagerartrafik. Att bygga ett fartyg idag är helt enkelt inte vad det var för snart ett sekel sedan, och för en amatör eller nykomling på marknaden kan det därför bli utmanande att följa processen i att ta fram och beställa ett fartyg, trots tydliga krav hos institutioner som Transportstyrelsen. Detta arbete är en kartläggning av processen och har framställts genom att bryta ned processen i delmoment med tillhörande frågeställningar. Genom att presentera dessa frågor för de etablerade jättarna i den svenska sjöfartsverksamheten och, för arbetet relaterade institutioner, har en generalisering gjorts för att tjäna som en enklare guide – målsättningar och skillnader mellan olika fartygstyper, organisationsformer och befraktningsformer har också uppdagats därtill. Rapporten resulterade i att processen för framtagandet av ett fartyg kunde presenteras stegvis – inklusive de skillnader som finns mellan en myndighet och ett privat bolag., There are many international demands made by the UN international organ IMO, and with the embracement of a more humanitarian view of the sailor and the environmental adjustment of the society, an already directed industry is further being regulated. In the modern-day global society where countries are directly dependent on each other through export and import of various wares, there is also a high demand for cost effective and well-organized transportation – both on the spot market and charter market in terms of freighting as well as transporting passengers. To construct a ship in modern times is not quite what it used to be nearly a century ago, and for an amateur or a rookie on the market it can therefore be a challenging task to produce and order a ship despite obvious requirements from institutions like the Swedish Transport Administration. This report is a survey which has been produced by breaking down the process into steps and questions associated with each individual step. A generalization has been made to serve as guidance by presenting these questions to the larger established companies within the Swedish shipping business, and institutions relevant to the process – the differential in targets depending on different types of ships, organizations and forms of chartering have also been considered. As a result, the report could present the process of producing a ship stepwise – including some of the deviations between an authority and a private company.
- Published
- 2022
78. Extended building life cycle cost assessment with the inclusion of monetary evaluation of climate risk and opportunities
- Author
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Nydahl, Helena, Andersson, Staffan, Åstrand, Anders P., Olofsson, Thomas, Nydahl, Helena, Andersson, Staffan, Åstrand, Anders P., and Olofsson, Thomas
- Abstract
The buildings and construction sector account for a significant part of the total energy use and related greenhouse gas emissions. However, climate change mitigation often becomes secondary or completely disregarded in building design assessment as the primary concern of building owners are economic tenability. Therefore, this study introduces an Extended Life Cycle Cost Assessment that include monetary evaluation of climate risk and opportunities in terms of Social Cost of Carbon (SCC). SCC could function as a tax to promote climate change mitigation within e.g. the construction industry. The purpose is to provide a more holistic assessment approach that is easy to relate to if economic tenability is of primary concern in decision making, which can be used to assess building design. Return on invested greenhouse gas emissions is used as an additional or standalone indicator for climate change mitigation. The introduced approach is exemplified by a case study where renovation and new construction are compared with keeping buildings in its original design. The case study show that with or without a flat greenhouse gas tax, renovation is the most climate and cost efficient alternative.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
79. Utvecklingen av boendemiljöns utformning : En kvalitativ studie ur två perspektiv – ett dåtida som innefattar utvecklingen från 1850 fram till idag och ett nutida som beaktar inverkan av Covid-19.
- Author
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Persson, Oskar, Hamnäs, Albin, Persson, Oskar, and Hamnäs, Albin
- Abstract
Housing is an important role in society as people spend large parts of their lives there. A home is a place that must contain all essential living functions but also be constantly adapted to new needs that arise. This has led to, that Sweden since industrialization in the 1850s, has gone through several different changes that have affected housing design. This has resulted in that residential architecture today is being categorized as different eras. In many cases, it is not an individual event that has driven this change, but rather a series of events that have gained great significance in interaction. With constant societal changes and changing lifestyles that, for example, the outbreak of Covid-19 has brought, demands are also placed on homes to follow societal developments and adapt to these new needs. The purpose of the study is to gain a deeper insight into the connection between housing design and human life needs to be able to understand how housing design can be adapted to major societal changes that create new needs. To achieve the purpose and answer the research questions, a literature study was conducted on the characteristic eras of housing design from 1850 until today. In addition to the literature study, four interviews were also conducted with different architects who have solid experience in housing design to create a deeper understanding of the connection between living needs and housing architecture. The study's more important conclusions are that human living needs have always been the driving force to create a change in the living environment. The changes that have taken place over the years have aimed to improve the housing situation for society as a whole and constantly improve something that has been shown to be deficient in previous housing design. However, the results have been variable as some parts of the living environment have improved while others have been poorly designed. It is based on the fact that too much focus has been on solvin
- Published
- 2022
80. Varför rivs byggnader idag, snarare än renoveras?
- Author
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Norén, Eliot, Westerberg, Francois, Norén, Eliot, and Westerberg, Francois
- Abstract
Målet med arbetet är att få större insikt kring vad som påverkar fastighetsägarnas beslut om att riva en byggnad. Vidare ska studien klargöra vilket det bästa alternativet mellan riva och renovera är samt se hur detta alternativ kan främjas. Rapporten fokuserar främst på ekonomisk och ekologisk hållbarhet. Arbetet utfördes med hjälp av enkät och fallstudie, som fokuserar på svenska byggherrar. Studierna gav information om hur byggherrar tänker när de väljer att riva en byggnad. Enligt studierna baseras de främsta skälen till att riva och bygga nytt på byggnadens skick, ytanvändning och standard samt att erhålla nya eller utökade byggrätter. Det bästa alternativet mellan renovera och riva för nyproduktion är inte självklart. I de flesta fallen, är renovera bättre utifrån ett miljöperspektiv. Men utifrån fastighetsägarnas perspektiv kan riva för att bygga nytt ofta bli det mer lukrativa valet. Lönsamheten beror mycket på omständigheterna kring byggnaden såsom marknadens styrka. Efterfrågan för de olika byggnadstyperna varierar vilket kan leda till mer rivning. Styrmedel där byggherrar premieras för att renovera kan vara ett sätt att uppmuntra detta alternativ. Ett annat hinder mot renovering är kunskapsbristen kring ämnet hos olika aktörer., The purpose of the study is to gain greater insight into what affects the decisions of property owners when they demolish a building. In addition, the study will try to clarify what the best alternative between demolition and renovation is. The report focuses on economic and ecological sustainability. To answer the purpose of the study, a survey as well as a case study were carried out and sent to Swedish property developers. The studies provided insight on how property owners think when they choose to demolish a building. According to the studies, the main reasons to demolish and build new are based on the building’s condition, surface use and standard, as well as obtaining new or extended building rights. The best alternative between renovating and tearing down for new construction is not obvious. In most cases, renovating is better from an environmental perspective. But from the property owner’s perspective, tearing down to build new can often be the more lucrative option. The profitability greatly depends on the circumstances surrounding the building such as the strength of the market. Demand based on building types varies, which can lead to more demolition. Another obstacle to renovation is the lack of knowledge regarding the subject. A way to encourage renovation among property owners is by rewarding those who renovate.
- Published
- 2022
81. Metoder för beräkning och redovisning av klimatpåverkan - en jämförelse mellan Boverkets klimatdeklaration, Lokal färdplan Malmö 2030 och NollCO2
- Author
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Samuelsson, Fredrica, Wiik, Malin, Samuelsson, Fredrica, and Wiik, Malin
- Abstract
Klimatförändringar orsakade av människan medför en betydande konsekvens. I Sverige har handlingsplaner och lagkrav införts för att uppnå ett hållbart samhälle. En av branscherna med stor klimatpåverkan i form av växthusgasutsläpp är bygg- och fastighetssektorn. En konkret åtgärd som införts för att främja en hållbar utveckling inom samhällsbyggnadssektorn är lagkravet om klimatdeklaration av byggnader. I denna rapport studeras tre metoder vilka kan användas för att beräkna och redovisa klimatpåverkan från en nyproducerad byggnad. De tre metoderna är klimatdeklaration enligt Boverket, Lokal färdplan Malmö 2030 och Sweden Green Building Councils certifieringssystem NollCO2. I denna rapport görs en jämförelse, utifrån ett livscykelperspektiv, mellan Boverkets klimatdeklaration, LFM30 och NollCO2. Syftet med jämförelsen av metoderna är att underlätta valet av metod inför arbetet med klimatredovisning. Mer specifikt avser jämförelsen metodernas utformning, innehåll, likheter, skillnader samt behandling och tillämpning av klimatkompensation. Informationen om respektive metod inhämtas via en litteraturstudie där den tillgängliga informationen främst inhämtats från respektive aktörs publicerade material. Baserat på denna information utförs därefter jämförelsen. Jämförelsen genomförs med avgränsningar i form av fokusområdena omfattning av metoden, byggnadstyper, byggdelar, klimatdata, beräkning, gränsvärden och klimatkompensation. De tre metoderna utgår från standarderna EN 15978 och EN 15804, vilka redogör för tillvägagångsätt vad gäller tillämpning av livscykelperspektiv på klimatberäkningar och redovisning av klimatpåverkan. Det kan konstateras att metoderna är framtagna av tre aktörer vars verksamhet är olika utformade och i grunden har skilda funktion, varför metodernas utformning och innehåll till viss del skiljer sig åt. Trots detta finns gemensamma faktorer, framför allt tack vare det gemensamma målet om att minska klimatpåverkan från samhällsbyggnadssektorn i Sverig, Climate change caused by humans entails significant consequences. In Sweden plans of actions and new laws has been introduced to achieve a sustainable society. One of the industries with a major climate impact in the form of greenhouse gas emissions is the construction sector. A tangible action made to promote sustainable development within the construction sector is the legal requirement for a climate declaration of new buildings. This report examines three methods that can be used to declare and calculate the climate impact from new constructions. The three methos are, climate declaration according to Boverket, Lokal färdplan Malmö 2030 and Sweden Green Building Council’s certification system NollCO2. The report is structured as a comparison between the structure and content of the methods, as well as similarities and differences. Furthermore, the comparison is carried out, followed by analysis and discussion, with delimitation around the focus areas scope, building types, building components, climate data, calculations, limit values and climate compensation. The methods are based on standards EN 15978 and EN 15804, which describes procedures regarding the application of life cycle perspectives to climate calculations and reporting of climate impact. It can be stated that the methods are developed by three different organizations whose operations are differently structured and have different functions, which is why the content and structure differ to some extent. Despite this, there are common factors, primarily thanks to the common goal of reducing the climate impact from the construction sector.
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- 2022
82. Statybinių įrenginių sandėlio su administracinėmis patalpomis Klaipėdoje, Vėjo g. 10, statybos projektas
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Rudgalvis, Marius and Beniušienė, Gražina
- Subjects
administracija ,santvara ,sandėlis ,warehouse ,truss ,new construction ,nauja statyba ,administration - Abstract
baigiamajame darbe suprojektuotas sandėliavimo paskirties pastatas su administracinėmis patalpomis. Apskaičiuoti patalpų sienų, stogo ir grindų šiluminės izoliacijos storiai atitinka keliamus reikalavimus A++ klasei. Apskaičiutos plieninę santvarą veikiančios apkrovos bei patikrinti saugos ir tinkamumo ribiniai būviai. Sudaryti architektūriniai konstrukciniai pastato brėžiniai. Parengta organizacinė dalis., In the final work, a storage building with administrative premises is designed. The calculated thermal insulation thicknesses of the walls, roof and floor of the premises meet the requirements for class A ++. The loads acting on the steel truss have been calculated and the safety and suitability limit states have been checked. Architectural structural drawings of the building have been made. The organizational part has been prepared.
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- 2022
83. Energy Renovation versus Demolition and Construction of a New Building—A Comparative Analysis of a Swedish Multi-Family Building
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Lina La Fleur, Patrik Rohdin, and Bahram Moshfegh
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renovation ,energy renovation ,demolition ,new construction ,energy use ,energy performance ,life cycle cost ,optimization ,OPERA-MILP ,multi-family buildings ,Technology - Abstract
This study addresses the life cycle costs (LCC) of energy renovation, and the demolition and construction of a new building. A comparison is made between LCC optimal energy renovations of four different building types with thermal performance, representing Swedish constructions from the 1940s, 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s, as well as the demolition of the building and construction of a new building that complies with the Swedish building code. A Swedish multi-family building from the 1960s is used as a reference building. LCC optimal energy renovations are identified with energy saving targets ranging between 10% and 70%, in addition to the lowest possible life cycle cost. The analyses show that an ambitious energy renovation is not cost-optimal in any of the studied buildings, if achieving the lowest LCC is the objective function. The cost of the demolition and construction of a new building is higher compared to energy renovation to the same energy performance. The higher rent in new buildings does not compensate for the higher cost of new construction. A more ambitious renovation is required in buildings that have a shape factor with a high internal volume to heated floor area ratio.
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- 2019
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84. Design of Structures with Seismic Isolation
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Mayes, Ronald L., Naeim, Farzad, and Naeim, Farzad, editor
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- 2001
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85. Energy and Environmental Performance of Multi-Story Apartment Buildings Built in Timber Construction Using Passive House Principles
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Maria Wall, Anna Jarnehammar, Anna Widheden, and Ivana Kildsgaard
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massive timber ,multi-story building ,energy use ,environmental performance ,prefabricated elements ,low energy building ,new construction ,Building construction ,TH1-9745 - Abstract
This paper presents energy and environmental performance analyses, a study of summer indoor temperatures and occupant behavior for an eight story apartment building, with the goal to combine high energy efficiency with low environmental impact, at a reasonable cost. Southern Portvakten building is built with prefabricated timber elements using passive house principles in the North European climate. Energy performance was analyzed through parametric studies, as well as monitored energy data, and complemented with analysis of occupant behavior during one year. Results show that airtight, low-energy apartment buildings can be successfully built with prefabricated timber elements in a cold climate. The monitored total energy use was 47.6 kWh/m2, excluding household electricity (revised to a normal year), which is considerably lower than of a standard building built today in Sweden—90 kWh/m2. However, the occupancy level was low during the analyzed year, which affects the energy use compared to if the building had been fully occupied. Environmental analysis shows that the future challenges lie in lowering the household and common electricity use, as well as in improving the choices of materials. More focus should also lie on improving occupant behavior and finding smart solar shading solutions for apartment buildings.
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- 2013
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86. Scientific substantiation of engineering preparation measures due to the influence of construction in the dense building conditions
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Dmytro Prusov
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Structure (mathematical logic) ,Computational model ,Nonlinear system ,Deformation (mechanics) ,Computer science ,Foundation (engineering) ,new construction ,scientific substantiation ,stress-strain state ,reinforcement structures ,engineering preparation ,Elasticity (physics) ,Reinforcement ,Civil engineering ,Domain (software engineering) - Abstract
The method of studying the stress-strain state of reinforcement structures of combined soil massifs has been proposed with the geometric and physical nonlinearity in the formulation of the problem based on the nonlinear theory of elasticity and plasticity of the soil. The study of the stress-deformed state of the computational domain from the standpoint of the mechanics of the deformed solid body had been carried out, using algorithms for solving the problems of the theory of elasticity and plasticity, with the construction of universal computational models of the combined half-space, that allows to determine more reasonably the magnitude of the stress-strain state of complex soil bases in interaction with the reinforcement structures, the surrounding buildings foundations and the whole complex of the surrounding buildings structures. The influence of new construction on the condition of soil bases and foundations of adjacent buildings had been evaluated by determining the change of pressure on the reinforcement structure and determining the stress-strain state change of this structure and the foundation of the existing house. The change in the deformation of the foundation of the existing building, ie the oscillation of the soil foundation and the maximum amplitude of uneven subsidence of the foundations of the existing building have been determined. Each formulation of the problem had to include its own reliability analysis and a specific approach that requires numerical modeling and development of appropriate measures to scientifically substantiate engineering preparation measures in dense building. Further design of protective reinforcement structures for new construction under the conditions of the building reconstruction has carried out considering the impact on the existing buildings and structures and the adjacent soil mass of different stages of construction, begining with the arrangement of protective reinforcement structures, the development of a excavation due to the effect of unloading the foundation, and the sequence of erection of engineering structures.
- Published
- 2020
87. Sustainability aspects of a monolithic exterior wall system in comparison with different thermal insulation composite systems
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Mayer, Johannes Maria
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environmental product declarations ,Kostenvergleich ,comparison of costs ,vertically perforated brick ,new construction ,climate impairment ,Neubau ,Primärenergie ,thermal conductivity ,Wärmeleitfähigkeit ,composite heat insulation system ,insulation ,Nachhaltigkeit ,Umweltfreundlichkeit ,Umweltproduktdeklarationen ,primary energy ,environmental friendliness ,Dämmstoffe ,Monolithische Außenwandsystem ,sustainability ,Einfamilienhaus ,Klimabeeinträchtigung ,Wärmedurchgangskoeffizient ,detached house ,heat transition coefficient ,Wärmedämmverbundsystem ,Wärmedämmung ,Hochlochziegel ,monolithic exterior wall system - Abstract
Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit dem Vergleich eines monolithischen Außenwandsystems und verschiedenen Wärmedämmverbundsystemen in Bezug auf unterschiedliche Nachhaltigkeitsindikatoren. Die Relevanz dieses Themas ist durch die derzeit vermehrt bevorzugte Anwendung von monolithischen Außenwandsystemen im Gegensatz zu Wärmedämmverbundsystemen begründet. Um die Gründe dieses Trends zu eruieren, werden im Zuge dieser Arbeit der gesamte Sachverhalt näher betrachtet und Vergleiche zwischen verschiedenen Dämmsystemen angestellt. Zunächst wird auf die Wirkungsweise eines Dämmstoffes eingegangen und im Zuge dessen erörtert, was einen Baustoff bzw. Bauteil zu einem Dämmstoff macht. Dementsprechend haben verschiedene Materialien unterschiedliche Eigenschaften in Bezug auf Wärmeleitfähigkeit, Dauerhaftigkeit, Tragfähigkeit und weitere bauphysikalische Aspekte. Speziell für Dämmstoffe ist der Faktor der Wärmeleitfähigkeit von großer Bedeutung. Um einen Vergleich zwischen den unterschiedlichen Varianten machen zu können, werden alle Wandaufbauten auf den Mindest-U-Wert lt. OIB 6 bezogen und somit die Wandstärken dementsprechend adaptiert. Daraus ergeben sich je Variante unterschiedliche Massen, was zum einen den Kostenfaktor und zum anderen die Auswirkungsintensität der unterschiedlichen Umweltindikatoren beeinflusst. Es werden Aspekte der Klimaerwärmung, des Ressourcenverbrauches der Erde, des Versauerungspotentiales und der Wirtschaftlichkeit betrachtet. Um die Resultate der Baustoffvergleiche objektiv bewerten und besser nachvollziehen zu können, werden die bau- und umwelttechnischen Hintergründe der Baustoffe näher betrachtet und erläutert. Abschließend werden die Ergebnisse der Arbeit analysiert und ausgewertet. Das monolithische Außenwandsystem hat seine Vorteile im Verarbeitungsprozess und bei den ökonomischen Aspekten. Jedoch konnten aus ökologischer Sicht keine schlagkräftigen Argumente zugunsten des monolithischen Außenwandsystems, im Gegensatz zu den meisten WDVSen gefunden werden. Der Vollständigkeit halber sei gesagt, dass das Ergebnis dieser Arbeit nur unter den gewählten Rahmenbedingungen Gültigkeit hat. This thesis deals with the comparison of a monolithic exterior wall system and different external thermal insulation composite systems with concerning to different sustainability indicators. The relevance of this topic is due to the current increased preference for the use of monolithic exterior wall systems as opposed to composite thermal insulation systems. This thesis will take a closer look at the whole issue to find reasons for this trend. Furthermore, it will make comparisons between different insulation systems. First of all, it will be discussing the mode of action of insulating material and in the course of this, what makes a building material or component an insulating material. Accordingly, different materials have different properties in terms of thermal conductivity, durability, load-bearing capacity, and aspects of building physics. Especially for insulation materials, the factor of thermal conductivity is of greater importance. By having the ability to make an equivalent comparison between the different variants, all wall constructions refer to the minimum U-value according to OIB 6, and therefore the wall thicknesses are adapted accordingly. That results in different masses for each variant, which influences the cost factor on the one hand and the impact intensity of the individual environmental indicators on the other. Aspects of global warming, resource consumption of the earth, acidification potential and economic efficiency are considered. Intending to objectively assess and better understand the results of the building material comparisons, the construction and environmental backgrounds of the building materials are examined and explained in more detail. Finally, the results of the work are analyzed and evaluated. The monolithic exterior wall system has its advantages in the processing procedure and at the economic aspects. However, from an ecological point of view, no meaningful arguments could be found in favor of the monolithic exterior wall system, in contrast to most thermal insulation systems. For the sake of completeness, it must be said that the result of this work is only valid under the chosen frame conditions. Abweichender Titel laut Übersetzung der Verfasserin/des Verfassers Masterarbeit Wien, FH Campus Wien 2022
- Published
- 2022
88. The importance of architecture for human well-being : The aesthetics of the facade and the public space from Malmö's real estate agent's perspective
- Author
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Marques de Pombal, Maria Isabel and Hellgren, Amanda
- Subjects
building facades ,Arkitektur ,Architecture ,aesthetics ,new construction ,architectural epochs ,Civil Engineering ,Samhällsbyggnadsteknik - Abstract
The purpose of the thesis is to investigate what broker students and professional brokers in Malmö perceive as aesthetically pleasing. This means analyzing the effect that architecture has on human well-being. That raises the questions why today it is not built in accordance with what the people want to feel good about and What are the values and properties that make a particular form of building perceived as more aesthetically pleasing than another and how are those related to what is being built in Malmö today. The study is based on a hypothesis that many of the buildings that are being erected today do not correspond to the aesthetics that people want to see, so non-professionals were also asked to answer the questions in the survey to get a better overall picture. The discussion regarding the growth of cities has become more extensive and more tangible, especially when it comes to the debate about aesthetics, that means about how new buildings are designed and shaped. It is thus understood that the aesthetic values of architecture have an effect on people's experience, therefore it should be considered important to examine what Malmö City's residents want to see built and experienced. However, it is a difficult task to measure and satisfy the individual opinions of all Malmö residents. The architectural value of a building thus appears to be an important part of the social environment, whereupon it is interesting and relevant to study the impact its aesthetics have on future and active real estate agents. The assumption for the study was that many of the buildings being erected today do not match the aesthetics that people want to see and find appealing. In summary, the survey shows that the respondents have a reasonably unanimous view regarding what characterizes an aesthetically pleasing property, i.e. buildings whose facades have a richness of detail. Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka vad mäklarstudenter och professionella mäklare i Malmö upplever som estetisk tilltalande. Det innebär att analysera vilken effekt arkitekturen har för människors välbefinnande. Frågan blir då varför det idag inte byggs i enlighet med vad folket vill ha. Till grunden för studien ligger en hypotes att många av de byggnader som idag uppförs inte stämmer överens med den estetik som människor önskar se därför tillfrågades också icke- yrkesutövare personer att besvara frågorna i enkäten för att få en bättre helhetsbild. Diskussionen gällande städers tillväxt har blivit mer omfattande och mer påtaglig särskilt när det gäller debatten om det estetiska, speciellt om hur nybyggnationer utformas och gestaltas. Det är alltså underförstått att arkitekturens estetiska värden har en effekt på människors upplevelse därför bör det anses viktigt att undersöka vad Malmö stads invånare vill se byggas och upplevas. Det är dock en svår uppgift att mäta och tillgodose alla malmöbors enskilda åsikter. Byggnads arkitektoniska värden framstår således som en viktig del i den sociala miljön varpå det är intressant och aktuellt att studera vilken inverkan dess estetik har på blivande och verkande fastighetsmäklare. Antagandet för studien var att många av de byggnader som uppförs idag inte stämmer överens med den estetik som människor vill se och tycker är tilltalande. Undersökningen visar sammanfattningsvis att respondenterna har en någorlunda enad syn gällande vad som karakteriserar en estetiskt tilltalande fastighet, alltså byggnader vars fasader har detaljrikedom.
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- 2022
89. From idea to laying of keel : A mapping study of the underlying work for ordering a ship
- Author
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Rosengren Armata, Sebastian and Gundersvik, Philip
- Subjects
nybyggnadsmöte ,nybyggnation ,marknadsanalys ,Marin teknik ,Ship construction ,market analysis ,new construction ,pre-construction meeting ,Fartygsbyggnation ,Marine Engineering - Abstract
Det finns många internationella krav som ställs på ett fartyg genom FN:s internationella organ IMO, i och med intågandet av en mer humanistisk syn på sjömannen samt samhällets gröna omställning regleras en styrd bransch ytterligare. I det moderna globala samhället där länder är direkt beroende utav varandra genom export och import av diverse varor så finns också en hög efterfrågan på kostnadseffektiv och välorganiserad transport – både på spotmarknad och linjefart liksom godstrafik och passagerartrafik. Att bygga ett fartyg idag är helt enkelt inte vad det var för snart ett sekel sedan, och för en amatör eller nykomling på marknaden kan det därför bli utmanande att följa processen i att ta fram och beställa ett fartyg, trots tydliga krav hos institutioner som Transportstyrelsen. Detta arbete är en kartläggning av processen och har framställts genom att bryta ned processen i delmoment med tillhörande frågeställningar. Genom att presentera dessa frågor för de etablerade jättarna i den svenska sjöfartsverksamheten och, för arbetet relaterade institutioner, har en generalisering gjorts för att tjäna som en enklare guide – målsättningar och skillnader mellan olika fartygstyper, organisationsformer och befraktningsformer har också uppdagats därtill. Rapporten resulterade i att processen för framtagandet av ett fartyg kunde presenteras stegvis – inklusive de skillnader som finns mellan en myndighet och ett privat bolag. There are many international demands made by the UN international organ IMO, and with the embracement of a more humanitarian view of the sailor and the environmental adjustment of the society, an already directed industry is further being regulated. In the modern-day global society where countries are directly dependent on each other through export and import of various wares, there is also a high demand for cost effective and well-organized transportation – both on the spot market and charter market in terms of freighting as well as transporting passengers. To construct a ship in modern times is not quite what it used to be nearly a century ago, and for an amateur or a rookie on the market it can therefore be a challenging task to produce and order a ship despite obvious requirements from institutions like the Swedish Transport Administration. This report is a survey which has been produced by breaking down the process into steps and questions associated with each individual step. A generalization has been made to serve as guidance by presenting these questions to the larger established companies within the Swedish shipping business, and institutions relevant to the process – the differential in targets depending on different types of ships, organizations and forms of chartering have also been considered. As a result, the report could present the process of producing a ship stepwise – including some of the deviations between an authority and a private company.
- Published
- 2022
90. Overview and future challenges of nearly zero-energy building (nZEB) design in Eastern Europe
- Author
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Shady Attia, Jarek Kurnitski, Piotr Kosiński, Anatolijs Borodiņecs, Zsofia Deme Belafi, Kistelegdi István, Hrvoje Krstić, Macedon Moldovan, Ion Visa, Nicolay Mihailov, Boris Evstatiev, Karolis Banionis, Miroslav Čekon, Silvia Vilčeková, Karel Struhala, Roman Brzoň, and Oriane Laurent
- Subjects
New construction ,Buildings ,Energy efficiency ,EPBD ,Construction quality ,Cost-optimality ,Mechanical Engineering ,Building and Construction ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Civil and Structural Engineering - Abstract
The European Unions' ambition for the construction sector is to be carbon neutral by 2030 for new construction. Since 2021, all new buildings in the EU should have been constructed as nearly zero- energy buildings (nZEB). However, Eastern European countries struggle to implement the 2018 Energy Performance of Building Directive recast requirements. Next to the economic challenges, equally essential factors hinder renovating the existing residential building stock and adding newly constructed high-performance buildings sourced primarily from renewable energy sources. Therefore, this study provides a cross-study to identify the barriers to nZEB implementation in ten Eastern European countries, including Bulgaria, Croatia, Czechia, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, and Slovakia. The study was conducted between 2019 and 2021 and provides an overview of prospects for nZEB in Eastern Europe. The study examines the challenges of nZEB plans faced in those countries and provides constructive recommendations. The regulations and definitions regarding nZEB energy performance, cooling and heating energy demand, thermal comfort, onsite renewables, and construction quality were analyzed. Results show that most Eastern European countries are unprepared to comply with the EPBD guidelines and cost-optimality approach. The paper ranks each country and recommends specific measures to refine the nZEB definitions. The paper provides a thorough comparative assessment and benchmarking of select EU geography that can help shift the identified gaps into opportunities for the future development of climate-neutral high-performance buildings.
- Published
- 2022
91. Time-Dependent Behavior of Reinforced Polymer Concrete Columns under Eccentric Axial Loading
- Author
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Valentino Paolo Berardi and Geminiano Mancusi
- Subjects
reinforced polymer concretes ,new construction ,long-term behavior ,numerical analysis ,reliability ,Technology ,Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering ,TK1-9971 ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 ,Microscopy ,QH201-278.5 ,Descriptive and experimental mechanics ,QC120-168.85 - Abstract
Polymer concretes (PCs) represent a promising alternative to traditional cementitious materials in the field of new construction. In fact, PCs exhibit high compressive strength and ultimate compressive strain values, as well as good chemical resistance. Within the context of these benefits, this paper presents a study on the time-dependent behavior of polymer concrete columns reinforced with different bar types using a mechanical model recently developed by the authors. Balanced internal reinforcements are considered (i.e., two bars at both the top and bottom of the cross-section). The investigation highlights relevant stress and strain variations over time and, consequently, the emergence of a significant decrease in concrete’s stiffness and strength over time. Therefore, the results indicate that deferred effects due to viscous flow may significantly affect the reliability of reinforced polymer concrete elements over time.
- Published
- 2012
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- View/download PDF
92. Decision Making Process for Constructing Low-Energy Buildings in the Public Housing Sector in Sweden.
- Author
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Wahlström, Åsa, Berggren, Björn, Florell, Josefin, Nygren, Rickard, and Sundén, Thomas
- Abstract
The built environment accounts for a significant share of energy consumption and energy efficiency in this sector is important for the Swedish environmental objectives. Only a limited share of the total new construction of multifamily houses are constructed as low-energy buildings. Current building regulations lay down requirements for energy efficiency for new construction, and these will be tightened further in the future. Public housing companies often aim to be at the forefront, and the public housing sector has now built half of Sweden’s low-energy blocks of flats. Many public housing companies have tried, but it is uncertain if they will, or have, the possibilities to construct low-energy buildings on a large scale. Twenty public housing companies around Sweden have been interviewed with the aim of identifying obstacles and possibilities to be forerunners and build better than required by the building regulations. The study shows that the public housing companies build better than the law demands and intend to continue doing so. Low-energy buildings are particularly suitable in central locations where land is attractive and the required returns lower. The driving motivation is to be at the forefront and to build green. The new pressure to increase house building can lead to a risk of energy and quality issues being passed over. For the increase in the construction of low-energy buildings to continue, extended, shared and comparable decision making support for the public housing companies is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
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93. The search for the meaning of 'compatibility' between new construction and heritage in historic areas: an exploratory study.
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Khalaf, Roha W.
- Subjects
- *
HISTORIC sites , *MODERN society - Abstract
A review of the literature shows that new construction should be compatible with heritage in historic areas. International standard-setting instruments, national/local conservation policies and other publications are available to guide applicants and evaluators who, respectively, submit and assess proposals for new construction. Many place emphasis on visual and/or tangible design indicators such as form, materials and scale, but overlook evolving human perceptions, needs and values that shape society's understanding of compatibility. This understanding is important as it can reduce the tension between conservation and development to manage change in historic areas more effectively. For this reason, the purpose of this article is to explore what compatibility means to contemporary society. The case study is Kuwait City. The research method is a survey with a sample of the Kuwaiti population. As a result of data analysis and interpretation, key indicators are identified. These indicators elucidate the meaning of compatibility beyond the preservation of visual integrity and tangible heritage. They may also form the basis of new design and assessment tools to inform policy and practice in Kuwait City. The lessons learned from this case are useful to other cases and contribute to broader topics of international interest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
94. 文学伦理学批评与国际学术话语的新建构--“第五届文学伦理学批评国际学术研讨会”综述
- Author
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黄 晖 and 张连桥
- Abstract
Copyright of Foreign Literature Studies is the property of Foreign Literature Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2015
95. Technology Solutions Case Study: High-Performance Walls in Hot-Dry Climates
- Published
- 2015
96. Building America Case Study: High Performance Walls in Hot-Dry Climates; Technology Solutions for New and Existing Homes, Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy (EERE)
- Published
- 2015
97. New Whole-House Solutions Case Study: Meeting DOE Challenge Home Program Certification - Chicago, IL; Denver, CO; Devens, MA
- Published
- 2015
98. Building America Case Study: Meeting DOE Challenge Home Program Certification, Chicago, Illinois; Denver, Colorado; Devens, Massachusetts (Fact Sheet)
- Published
- 2014
99. Influence of Role Models and Hospital Design on the Hand Hygiene of Health-Care Workers
- Author
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Mary G. Lankford, Teresa R. Zembower, William E. Trick, Donna M. Hacek, Gary A. Noskin, and Lance R. Peterson
- Subjects
Handwashing ,hand hygiene ,sink access ,new construction ,role model ,infection control ,Medicine ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
We assessed the effect of medical staff role models and the number of health-care worker sinks on hand-hygiene compliance before and after construction of a new hospital designed for increased access to handwashing sinks. We observed health-care worker hand hygiene in four nursing units that provided similar patient care in both the old and new hospitals: medical and surgical intensive care, hematology/oncology, and solid organ transplant units. Of 721 hand-hygiene opportunities, 304 (42%) were observed in the old hospital and 417 (58%) in the new hospital. Hand-hygiene compliance was significantly better in the old hospital (161/304; 53%) compared to the new hospital (97/417; 23.3%) (p
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
100. A PERSPECTIVE ON THE FUTURE SCHOOLS
- Author
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Metin Elkatmiş
- Subjects
Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 ,school ,Perspective (graphical) ,Social Sciences ,Engineering ethics ,Sociology ,new construction ,alternative school - Abstract
From past to the present, the reason for existence of the school which has a special place in the life of societies is to raise a good human being. But democracy, active citizenship, globalization, human rights and freedoms is loaded with knowledge and technology innovation, these all brings into reconsideration and question the mission of schools. Humanity is experiencing rapid change and transformation process, and all the elements that are involved in education with the first-degree are forced to change too. In this direction, the educational reforms in Turkey in 2005 identified the direction of change only as educational programs. However, for a permanent and effective change, makes it necessary to take its part of change in all the elements related to education. Schools that are the center for learning and teaching process should be open to change, self-renew structure. In this context, all structural components like physical, social, cultural, economic and administrative should have been re-considered. The purpose of this study is to determine the future characteristics of schools as basis features. In this line with relevant national and international resources, document analysis technique will be used and there will make an inference with the data obtained. The literature reflects
- Published
- 2019
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