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Abstract Background The process of bone healing is complex and involves the participation of osteogenic stem cells, extracellular matrix, and angiogenesis. The advancement of bone regeneration materials provides a promising opportunity to tackle bone defects. This study introduces a composite hydrogel that can be injected and cured using UV light. Results Hydrogels comprise bioactive glass (BG) and PCL@GelMA coaxial nanofibers. The addition of BG and PCL@GelMA coaxial nanofibers improves the hydrogel’s mechanical capabilities (353.22 ± 36.13 kPa) and stability while decreasing its swelling (258.78 ± 17.56%) and hydration (72.07 ± 1.44%) characteristics. This hydrogel composite demonstrates exceptional biocompatibility and angiogenesis, enhances osteogenic development in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), and dramatically increases the expression of critical osteogenic markers such as ALP, RUNX2, and OPN. The composite hydrogel significantly improves bone regeneration (25.08 ± 1.08%) in non-healing calvaria defects and promotes the increased expression of both osteogenic marker (OPN) and angiogenic marker (CD31) in vivo. The expression of OPN and CD31 in the composite hydrogel was up to 5 and 1.87 times higher than that of the control group at 12 weeks. Conclusion We successfully prepared a novel injectable composite hydrogel, and the design of the composite hydrogels shows significant potential for enhancing biocompatibility, angiogenesis, and improving osteogenic and angiogenic marker expression, and has a beneficial effect on producing an optimal microenvironment that promotes bone repair.

Abstract Severe cutaneous injuries may not heal spontaneously and may necessitate the use of supplementary therapeutic methods. Electrospun nanofibers possess high porosity and specific surface area, which provide the necessary microenvironment for wound healing. Here in, the nanofibers of Soluplus-soy protein isolate (Sol-SPI) containing mupirocin (Mp) were fabricated via electrospinning for wound treatment. The fabricated nanofibers exhibited water absorption capacities of about 300.83 ± 29.72% and water vapor permeability values of about 821.8 ± 49.12 g/m2 day. The Sol/SPI/Mp nanofibers showed an in vitro degradability of 33.73 ± 3.55% after 5 days. The ultimate tensile strength, elastic modulus, and elongation of the Sol/SPI/Mp nanofibers were measured as 3.61 ± 0.29 MPa, 39.15 ± 5.08 MPa, and 59.11 ± 1.94%, respectively. Additionally, 85.90 ± 6.02% of Mp loaded in the nanofibers was released in 5 days in vitro, and by applying the Mp-loaded nanofibers, 93.06 ± 5.40% and 90.40 ± 5.66% of S. aureus and E. coli bacteria were killed, respectively. Human keratinocyte cells (HaCat) demonstrated notable biocompatibility with the prepared nanofibers. Furthermore, compare to other groups, Sol-SPI-Mp nanofibers caused the fastest re-epithelialization and wound healing in a rat model. The findings of this study present a novel nanofiber-based wound dressing that accelerates the healing of severe skin wounds with the risk of infection.

In the current era of rapid scientific and technological development, flexible electronics and wearable devices have emerged as a trend, leading the way in fashion. These devices require flexible batteries to power them. The mechanical flexibility of electrodes is crucial in determining whether flexible batteries can withstand repeated folding or bending. Electrospinning is a simple and effective method for preparing flexible electrodes for lithium-ion batteries. In this context, a flexible Sb2Se3/TiO2/C nanofiber membrane was synthesized using electrospinning technology, with titanium isopropoxide (TTIP) serving as a coupling agent to enhance its mechanical flexibility. The synthesized flexible Sb2Se3/TiO2/C nanofiber membrane can withstand 180° bending and folding; it has been folded 50 times at 180° without any signs of breakage. To assess the electrochemical performance of the flexible Sb2Se3/TiO2/C nanofiber, we employed it as a freestanding anode. The electrochemical performance of the Sb2Se3/TiO2/C nanofiber membrane anode was thoroughly investigated in both Li half-cells and Li full-cells. Performance testing of the half-cell demonstrated the superior rate capability and cycling performance of the Sb2Se3/TiO2/C nanofiber membrane. At a current density of 50 mA·g−1, the membrane achieved an initial reversible capacity of 470.1 mA·h·g−1, with a capacity retention rate of 86.1% after 100 cycles. The electrochemical performance of the Sb2Se3/TiO2/C nanofiber membrane far surpassed that of the commercial bulk Sb2Se3 anode. Rate capabilities were investigated at current densities of 50, 100, 200, 400, 600, 800, and 1000 mA·g−1, within a test voltage range from 0.01 to 2.5 V. Cycling performance testing was conducted at 50 mA·g−1 with a test potential range of 0.01–2.5 V. The high Li+ transport capability of the Sb2Se3/TiO2/C nanofiber membrane contributed to its excellent electrochemical performance. Additionally, the electrochemical performance of a full battery assembled with a freestanding Sb2Se3/TiO2/C nanofiber anode and LiNi0.88Co0.06Mn0.06O2 cathode was tested at a current density of 50 mA·g−1, with a voltage range of 1.0–4.3 V. Full cell tests confirmed the excellent electrochemical properties of the flexible Sb2Se3/TiO2/C nanofiber membrane, demonstrating its potential for practical applications. The combination of its impressive mechanical flexibility and unique nanofiber conductive network contributed significantly to its outstanding electrochemical performance. Through various experimental characterizations, we demonstrated that the robust mechanical flexibility and distinctive nanofiber conductive network of the flexible Sb2Se3/TiO2/C nanofiber membrane collectively enhanced its electrochemical capabilities.

Objective: This study aimed to compare the microhardness and surface roughness (Ra) of a resin composite, which was recently introduced to be the first flowable composite with the nano-sized fiber filler, with the particle filled composite resins with different properties, used in Class V cavities. Methods: Totally 100 disc-shaped samples (diameter: 4 mm, height: 2 mm) were prepared and divided into five groups in accordance to the different types of composites (n=20): 1) Flowable composite with nano-fiber filler (Group N: NovaPro Flow, Nanova, USA); 2) Flowable bulk-fill composite [Group Estelite Bulk Fill Flow (EBF): Tokuyama, Japan]; 3) Flowable composite [Group G-aenial Universal Flo (GUF): GC Corp, Japan]; 4) Highly-filled flowable composite [Group G-aenial Universal Injectable (GUI): GC Corp, Japan]; 5) Micro-hybrid composite (Group Z250: Filtek Z250, 3M ESPE, USA). They were polished with aluminum oxide polishing discs. Ra measurements (µm) were made using contact profilometer (MarSurf M 300 C; Mahr GmbH, Germany) (n=10). Vickers microhardness evaluations were made using HMV microhardness tester (Shimadzu, Japan) (n=10). Three dimensional (3D) optic profilometer was used to evaluate the surface topography. One-way ANOVA, Shapiro-Wilk and Tukey tests were used for statistical analysis (p

More than 500,000 bone grafting procedures are performed annually in the USA. Considering the significant limitations of available bone grafts, we previously invented a phase-separation technology to generate nanofibrous poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) scaffolds that mimic the bone matrix collagen in nanofiber geometry and enhance bone regeneration. Here we report the development of nanofibrous scaffolds with covalently attached synthetic peptides that mimic native collagen peptides to activate the two main collagen receptors in bone cells, discoidin domain receptor 2 (DDR2) and β1 integrins. We synthesized a PLLA-based graft-copolymer to enable covalent peptide conjugation via a click reaction. Using PLLA and the graft-copolymer, we developed 3D scaffolds with interconnected pores and peptides-containing nanofibers to activate DDR2 and β1 integrins of osteogenic cells. The degradation rate and mechanical properties of the scaffolds are tunable. The peptides-decorated nanofibrous scaffolds demonstrated 7.8 times more mineralized bone regeneration over the control scaffolds without the peptides in a critical-sized bone defect regeneration model after 8 weeks of implantation, showing a synergistic effect of the two peptides. This study demonstrates the power of scaffolds to mimic ECM at both nanometer and molecular levels, activating cell surface receptors to liberate the innate regenerative potential of host stem/progenitor cells.

Although traditional dental-implant approaches have served as primary solutions, they are limited by infection risks, complications, and prolonged failures. Hybrid electrospun nanofiber matrices based on biomaterials have emerged as compelling alternatives for dental-tissue regeneration, offering direct cell-matrix contact and facile modification to incorporate anti-inflammatory, angiogenic, antimicrobial, and osteogenic properties. In this review, we discuss the advancements in hybrid nanofiber matrix-based approaches in dental-tissue engineering over the past five years (2019–2023). Beginning with an exploration of dental tissues and tooth structures, we discuss the innovative strategies in each study, including fabrication methods, physicochemical and biological properties, and osteogenic potential. We anticipate that ongoing research will enable the widespread application of innovative biomaterials and nanofiber matrices in future dental therapies.

[Display omitted] • Fe-Ni 2 P-SO 4 2−/carbon was synthesized via sulfate salt assistant strategy. • This strategy can incorporate SO 4 2− into phosphide nanofibers. • The incorporation of SO 4 2− can optimize the adsorption strength of intermediates. • The electrocatalyst requires a low overpotential of 357 mV at 1000 mA cm−2. The incorporation of oxyanion groups offers a greater potential for enhancing the activity of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts compared to traditional metal cations doping, owing to their unique configurations and high electronegativity. However, the incorporation of oxyanion groups that differ from those derived from the oxidation of anions in transition metal monoxides poses significant challenges, thereby limiting further applications of oxyanion group modification approach. Herein, we present a novel sulfate salt assistant approach to fabricate Fe-doped Ni 2 P modified with SO 4 2−/carbon (Fe-Ni 2 P-S/C) nanofibers as highly efficient OER electrocatalyst. The optimized Fe-Ni 2 P-S/C nanofibers display superb OER activity, requiring low overpotentials of 266, 323, and 357 mV at 100, 500, and 1000 mA cm−2, respectively. Theoretical calculations reveal that the co-adsorption of PO 4 3− and SO 4 2− on the surface of reconstructed electrocatalyst can reduce the energy barrier of rate-determining step, thereby resulting in enhanced OER activity. The present study emphasizes the crucial role played by anion groups in OER activity as well as proposes a novel approach for incorporating anion groups into electrocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multifunctional CDs doping enhances the properties of CDs/ZIS/PAN nanofiber membrane: increased the hydrophilicity, promoted the light absorption, facilitated the transfer of photogenerated electrons. [Display omitted] Recent progress in the co-spinning of nanofibers and semiconductor particles offers a promising strategy for the development of photocatalytic devices, solving aggregation and catalyst recovery challenges. However, composite photocatalysts based on nanofiber membranes often suffer from poor conductivity, low hydrophilicity, and easy recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs in the semiconductor components. Here, to tackle the aforementioned issues of ZnIn 2 S 4 /polyacrylonitrile (ZIS/PAN) nanofiber-based catalysts, we prepared a composite carbon dots/ZnIn 2 S 4 /polyacrylonitrile (CZP) nanofiber membrane by blending carbon dots (CDs) with ZIS/PAN using the electrospinning process. The hydrogen evolution performance of the CZP photocatalyst was significantly improved by CDs, which enhanced the hydrophilicity, increased the light absorption, facilitated the transfer of photogenerated electrons, and reduced the recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. Notably, the optimal CZP photocatalyst achieved a hydrogen evolution rate of 2250 μmol g-1h−1, which is about 23 % higher than that of the nanofiber membrane without CDs and 4.55 times higher than that of ZIS particles. The present work successfully improved the CZP nanofiber membrane of photocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance, and the membrane may benefit further device development by eliminating the need for stirring and simplifying the recovery process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A strategy for MOF-composite nanofiber with synergistic architecture is proposed. • PU@PAN/UiO-66 core/shell nanofiber is prepared by coaxial electrospinning. • 3D proton-conduction networks are constructed in proton exchange membrane. • Sulfamic acid is successfully introduced on nanofiber. • The maximum power density of Nafion/S@NF-50 exhibits 182.6 mW cm−2. Proton exchange membranes (PEMs) play an important role in fuel cells. For realizing a nanofiber (NF) structure design in PEMs, the material should have tunable pores and a high specific area. In this study, we attempt to design a novel NF with synergistic architecture doped MOF for constructing three-dimensional (3D) proton conduction networks in PEMs. In this framework, UiO-66-COOH serves as a platform for proton sites to synergistically promote proton conductivity via polyvinylpyrrolidone dissolution, hydrolyzation of polyacrylonitrile, and sulfamic acid functionalization of the shell-layer NF. Benefiting from enriched proton-transfer sites in NFs, the obtained composite membrane overcomes the trade-off among proton conductivity, methanol permeability, and mechanical stability. The composite membrane with 50 % fiber (Nafion/S@NF-50) exhibited a high proton conductivity of 0.212 S cm−1 at 80 °C and 100 % relative humidity, suppressed methanol permeability of 0.66 × 10−7 cm2 s−1, and the maximum power density of direct methanol fuel cell is 182.6 mW cm−2. Density functional theory was used to verify the important role of sulfamic acid in proton transfer, and the activation energy barriers under anhydrous and hydrous conditions are only 0.337 and 0.081 kcal, respectively. This study opens up new pathways for synthesizing NF composite PEMs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional methods for the separation of oil and water exhibit numerous flaws, including limited decontamination capacity, incomplete separation, complex operation, and environmental pollution. Although some film materials are widely used in the process of separating oil and water, they also present challenges such as susceptibility to contamination and high expenses. Here, three types of films are fabricated using waste glass as the raw material by incorporating diverse additives for achieving distinct microstructures. Different micromorphologies resulted in different film properties, with the superhydrophilic and underwater superoleophobic films prepared with KOH as an additive showing exceptional performance compared to the others, with separation efficiencies is 99.97%. Meanwhile, the preparation method of this film is characterized by low cost, simple operation and green environment. As a result, this has the potential for practical applications in the separation of oil and water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Nanofibers show promise for wound healing by facilitating active agent delivery, moisture retention, and tissue regeneration. However, selecting suitable dressings for diverse wound types and managing varying exudate levels remains challenging. This study synthesized carbon quantum dots (CQDs) from citrate salt and thiourea using a hydrothermal method. The CQDs displayed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. A nanoscaffold comprising gelatin, chitosan, and polycaprolactone (GCP) was synthesized and enhanced with silver nanoparticle-coated CQDs (Ag-CQDs) to form GCP-Q, while citrate addition yielded GCP-QC. Multiple analytical techniques, including electron microscopy, FT-IR spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, UV–Vis, photoluminescence, X-ray diffraction, porosity, degradability, contact angle, and histopathology assessments characterized the CQDs and nanofibers. Integration of CQDs and citrate into the GCP nanofibers increased porosity, hydrophilicity, and degradability—properties favorable for wound healing. Hematoxylin and eosin staining showed accelerated wound closure with GCP-Q and GCP-QC compared to GCP alone. Overall, GCP-Q and GCP-QC nanofibers exhibit significant potential for skin tissue engineering applications.

Thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPU) have attracted increasing attention due to their excellent flexibility, chemical stability, processability and greenness. The traditional processes generally limit them to civil and industrial applications, but electrospun TPU nanofibers with high porosity, high specific surface area and superior mechanical properties are promising in emerging fields. TPU nanofibers’ properties are affected by various electrospinning parameters, such as solution concentration, applied voltage, flow rate and rotational speed. Thus, 29 sets of experiments were designed here by the efficient and low-cost response surface methodology (RSM). The analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the model agrees well with experimental results, and solution concentration is the most crucial parameter affecting nanofibers’ morphology and diameter. Based on it, the impacts of solution concentration and orientation on the mechanical properties of the TPU nanofiber membrane were investigated. Benefiting from the stress transfer and network deformation, the TPU nanofiber membranes parallel to the collection direction possessed the highest stress strength (23.71 MPa), while the nanofiber membranes vertical showed the widest strain range (485%). This study provides useful guidance for the preparation of high-performance TPU nanofibers, contributing to expanding its applicability in emerging fields such as biomedical, filtration and separation, and flexible sensing.

The effect of an electrospun (ES) film on the reduction of micro-drilling cutting force required for SUS304 plate was investigated. ES films were fabricated using the electrospinning method with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) as raw materials. The results of ATR-FTIR spectroscopy showed that there was no difference in the composition of the raw polymers and the fabricated ES films, and that the polymers were not altered. The diameters of the PVA and PMMA nanofibers were approximately 0.069–0.30 and 7.2 μm, respectively. The drill thrust force and run-out when using the nanofiber ES films were lower than those on an uncoated JIS SUS304 plate during the drilling. High-speed camera images showed that PMMA nanofibers pulverized by the cutting process adhered to the drilling tool surface and were guided into the drilling hole. This suggests that ES films made of organic polymer compounds, such as PMMA, are promising candidates for stable drilling, as they suppress drill run-out and act as an excellent lubricant during cutting.

Guojuan Pu,1,2 Zhen Liang,1,2 Jieran Shi,2 Yuan Tao,1,2 Ping Lu,1,2 Huiling Qing,1,2 Junjie Zhang1,2 1Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Eye Institute, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, People’s Republic of China; 2People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Junjie Zhang, Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Eye Institute, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, and People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Number 7 Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou, 450003, People’s Republic of China, Email zhangjunjie@zzu.edu.cnBackground: Corneal neovascularization (CNV) is a common eye disease that leads to blindness. New treatment strategies are urgently needed due to the limitations of current treatment methods.Methods: We report the synthesis of peptide Nap-FFEEPCAIWF (Comp.3) via chemical conjugation of Nap-FFEE (Comp.2) to antiangiogenic peptide PCAIWF (Comp.1). Comp.3 self-assembled into a hydrogel (gel of 3) composed of nanofibers, which enhanced the antiangiogenic function of the epitope.Results: We developed a novel peptide with an amphiphilic framework, Comp.3, which could self-assemble into a supramolecular hydrogel with a well-ordered nanofiber structure. The nanofibers exhibited good biocompatibility with corneal epithelial cells, presenting a promising strategy to enhance the efficacy of free peptide–based drugs in the treatment of ocular vascular diseases, such as CNV and other angiogenesis-related diseases.Conclusion: Nap-FFEEPCAIWF nanofibers provide an alternative approach to enhancing the therapeutic efficiency of free peptide–based drugs against ocular vascular diseases. Keywords: antiangiogenic peptide, self-assembled, hydrogel, nanofiber, corneal neovascularization

Starch was used as raw material and anthocyanins were used as functional substances. Intelligent indicator films of starch nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning method, and their structure and properties were studied. The results showed that the fiber diameter and the water contact Angle of the indicator films increased with the increase of anthocyanin loading. The crystal state of the indicated film determined its mechanical properties. When the anthocyanin was added to more than 10%, the fracture stress of the indicated film was higher, reaching 12.0MPa, but the elongation at break reduced to 5.8%. When anthocyanins were added, the thermal stability of the indicator film was improved. The molecular structure of starch and anthocyanin did not changed in the process of electrospinning. The indicator function of the indicator film was mainly realized through the color change caused by the change of ionizing state of phenolic hydroxyl group in anthocyanin. The antioxidant function was due to the reducibility provided by phenolic hydroxyl group. These results proved that the intelligent indicator film of amyloanthocyanin had the good indicator property and could be used to monitor food quality change.

Seaweed from macroalgae and cellulose from nonwood materials have gained attention in various fields. This study explores how seaweed and cellulose nanofibers (CNF) interact to form 3D networks in composite bioaerogels. The ratio of CNF and seaweed was varied to see how it affects the aerogel’s inside and its properties. The observations show that the biocomposite aerogel is more rigid and shrinks less than using a single biopolymer. The CNF aerogel has a fine, thin network structure, and the seaweed aerogel has a thin sheet structure. The biocomposite aerogel combines both a fine network and a thin sheet structure. The composite aerogel’s mechanical properties are significantly influenced by seaweed composition. The introduction of CNF increases elasticity, while seaweed enhances firmness. Generated computer modelling revealed that the abundant hydroxyl groups in CNF facilitated the formation of intermolecular bonds with seaweed. The bonding led to increased adhesion and entanglement between biopolymers, consequently enhancing elasticity and establishing a stable intermolecular interaction. The 3D X-ray imaging model shows that the skeletal framework primarily consists of seaweed biopolymer, with CNF serving to reinforce this structure thus enhancing the mechanical properties and robustness of the composite bioaerogels.

Abstract This study examined the impact of acid hydrolysis, tempo oxidation, and mechanical grinding on the physical, thermal, and structural properties of α-chitin nanocrystals and nanofibers. The manufacturing methods could influence the diameter, functional groups, and crystal patterns of the resulting nanoparticles. Analysis of the DLS results revealed that the size of acidic nanocrystals were smaller and showed improved dispersibility. The XRD patterns indicated that the chemical and mechanical treatments did not alter the crystalline arrangement of the α-chitin. FT-IR spectra analysis revealed that the chemical and mechanical methods did not affect the functional groups of the nanoparticles. DSC results showed that the nanoparticles had good thermal stability up to 400 °C, and it was found that the nanofibers had better thermal resistance due to their longer length. In the FE-SEM images, the nanoparticles were observed as fiber mats with a length of more than 100 nm. It was also found that the diameter of the nanoparticles was less than 100 nm.

Rosa Bellavita,1,* Marialuisa Piccolo,1,* Linda Leone,2 Maria Grazia Ferraro,1,3 Principia Dardano,4 Luca De Stefano,4 Flavia Nastri,2 Carlo Irace,1 Annarita Falanga,5 Stefania Galdiero1,* 1Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, Napoli, Italy; 2Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli “Federico II”, Naples, Italy; 3School of Infection and Immunity, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; 4Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples, Italy; 5Department of Agricultural Science, University of Naples “Federico II”, Portici, Italy*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Stefania Galdiero, Email stefania.galdiero@unina.itIntroduction: The design of delivery tools that efficiently transport drugs into cells remains a major challenge in drug development for most pathological conditions. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a very aggressive subtype of breast cancer with poor prognosis and limited effective therapeutic options.Purpose: In TNBC treatment, chemotherapy remains the milestone, and doxorubicin (Dox) represents the first-line systemic treatment; however, its non-selective distribution causes a cascade of side effects. To address these problems, we developed a delivery platform based on the self-assembly of amphiphilic peptides carrying several moieties on their surfaces, aimed at targeting, enhancing penetration, and therapy.Methods: Through a single-step self-assembly process, we used amphiphilic peptides to obtain nanofibers decorated on their surfaces with the selected moieties. The surface of the nanofiber was decorated with a cell-penetrating peptide (gH625), an EGFR-targeting peptide (P22), and Dox bound to the cleavage sequence selectively recognized and cleaved by MMP-9 to obtain on-demand drug release. Detailed physicochemical and cellular analyses were performed.Results: The obtained nanofiber (NF-Dox) had a length of 250 nm and a diameter of 10 nm, and it was stable under dilution, ionic strength, and different pH environments. The biological results showed that the presence of gH625 favored the complete internalization of NF-Dox after 1h in MDA-MB 231 cells, mainly through a translocation mechanism. Interestingly, we observed the absence of toxicity of the carrier (NF) on both healthy cells such as HaCaT and TNBC cancer lines, while a similar antiproliferative effect was observed on TNBC cells after the treatment with the free-Dox at 50 μM and NF-Dox carrying 7.5 μM of Dox.Discussion: We envision that this platform is extremely versatile and can be used to efficiently carry and deliver diverse moieties. The knowledge acquired from this study will provide important guidelines for applications in basic research and biomedicine. Keywords: self-assembling peptides, triple negative breast cancer, nanofiber, on-demand strategy, doxorubicin

Nanofiber materials are not only gained extensive utilization in fields such as medicine, energy, and electronics but also demonstrated significant potential for diverse applications in the realm of food-related domains. Among the various methods for nanofiber material preparation, solution blow spinning technology is gradually emerged as a research hotspot due to its inherent advantages in terms of safety, cost-effectiveness, and high production rates. This paper aims to delve into the working principles and classifications of solution blow spinning technology, as well as the selection of spinning process parameters that wield substantial influence over fiber structure. With a particular emphasis on summarizing the research progress and application advantages of solution blow spinning in multiple food-related fields, including food packaging, controlled-release systems, filtration materials, and enzyme immobilization, the objective is to provide a reference for optimizing, expanding application domains, and commercializing solution blow spinning technology.

Shubham Kanaujiya,1,* Dilip Kumar Arya,1,* Prashant Pandey,1 Sneha Singh,2 Giriraj Pandey,1 Shabnam Anjum,3 Md Meraj Anjum,1 Daoud Ali,4 Saud Alarifi,4 Vijayakumar MR,1 Sri Sivakumar,2 Saurabh Srivastava,5 PS Rajinikanth1 1Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, India; 2Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Kanpur, Kanpur, India; 3Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 5Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: PS Rajinikanth, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, India, Email psrajinikanth222@gmail.comBackground: The healing of burn wounds is a complicated physiological process that involves several stages, including haemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodelling to rebuild the skin and subcutaneous tissue integrity. Recent advancements in nanomaterials, especially nanofibers, have opened a new way for efficient healing of wounds due to burning or other injuries.Methods: This study aims to develop and characterize collagen-decorated, bilayered electrospun nanofibrous mats composed of PVP and PVA loaded with Resveratrol (RSV) and Ampicillin (AMP) to accelerate burn wound healing and tissue repair.Results: Nanofibers with smooth surfaces and web-like structures with diameters ranging from 200 to 400 nm were successfully produced by electrospinning. These fibres exhibited excellent in vitro properties, including the ability to absorb wound exudates and undergo biodegradation over a two-week period. Additionally, these nanofibers demonstrated sustained and controlled release of encapsulated Resveratrol (RSV) and Ampicillin (AMP) through in vitro release studies. The zone of inhibition (ZOI) of PVP-PVA-RSV-AMP nanofibers against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) was found 31± 0.09 mm and 12± 0.03, respectively, which was significantly higher as compared to positive control. Similarly, the biofilm study confirmed the significant reduction in the formation of biofilms in nanofiber-treated group against both S. aureus and E. coli. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis proved the encapsulation of RSV and AMP successfully into nanofibers and their compatibility. Haemolysis assay (%) showed no significant haemolysis (less than 5%) in nanofiber-treated groups, confirmed their cytocompatibility with red blood cells (RBCs). Cell viability assay and cell adhesion on HaCaT cells showed increased cell proliferation, indicating its biocompatibility as well as non-toxic properties. Results of the in-vivo experiments on a burn wound model demonstrated potential burn wound healing in rats confirmed by H&E-stained images and also improved the collagen synthesis in nanofibers-treated groups evidenced by Masson-trichrome staining. The ELISA assay clearly indicated the efficient downregulation of TNF-alpha and IL-6 inflammatory biomarkers after treatment with nanofibers on day 10.Conclusion: The RSV and AMP-loaded nanofiber mats, developed in this study, expedite burn wound healing through their multifaceted approach. Keywords: electrospinning, nanofiber, resveratrol, ampicillin, burn wound healing, collagen

Collagen, a naturally occurring fibrous protein, is a potential resource of biological materials for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine because it is structurally biocompatible, has low immunogenicity, is biodegradable, and is biomimetic. Numerous studies have documented in the literature how Collagen nanofibers exhibit limited cell adhesion, poor viscosity, and no interior fibril structure. The biomedical industry is using Poly Glycerol Sebacate prepolymer(PGSp), a biodegradable and biocompatible polyester with high adhesion and very viscous appearance, more often. Here, unique electrospun Collagen/PGSp/ZnO/NPs blend nanofibers for skin tissue application were developed and described with varied PGSp percent. Additionally, when ternary blends of Collagen, PGSp, and Zink Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are used, the antibacterial properties of the scaffolds are improved. The bead-free electrospun nanofibers were produced by raising the PGSp concentration to 30%w/w. SEM, EDS, tensile, MTT, FTIR, SDS-page, swelling test, contact-angle, antimicrobial, biodegradation, XRD, and cell attachment procedures were used to characterize the crosslinked nanofibers. The ternary blend nanofibers with a weight ratio of Collagen/PGSp 30%/ZnONPs 1% had higher stress/strain strength (0.25 mm/mm), porosity (563), cell survival, and degradation time. Moreover, after applying for wound healing in diabetic rats, Collagen/PGSp 30%/could be show improving wound healing significantly compared to other groups.

The augmented demand for sustainable nanocomposites has paved the way to explore naturally derived materials. Nanocellulose, with its bountiful sources and inherent properties, ranks top in the list of biofillers with a perspective of reducing the carbon footprint. A systematic study is required to understand the reinforcing effect of various types of nanocellulose. In the present work, we selected three types of nanocellulose, i.e., cellulose nanocrystal (CNC), cellulose nanofiber (CNF) and microfibrillated cellulose (MFC), to investigate the effect of geometrical structure on the properties of unvulcanized natural rubber (NR). Incorporating these fillers improved the tensile strength and modulus of natural rubber films significantly through reinforcement via filler network structure. The reinforcing effect of CNF was found to be higher compared to CNC and MFC, where an increase of 3.85 MPa in tensile strength from the neat sample was obtained. More uniform dispersion was evident through transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and Raman imaging for CNF in the rubber matrix. The structural properties were determined using Raman spectra and X-ray diffraction. The rheological studies revealed a good interaction between filler and NR. The work presented comprehensively compares different types of nanocellulose as reinforcing filler in NR matrix, which will help the researchers select an ideal type for their specific application and, thus, the proper usage of renewable resources, leading to sustainability and a circular economy.

Polymer electrolyte membranes with superior lithium‐ion (Li+) conductivity and sufficient electrochemical stability are desired for all‐solid‐state lithium‐ion batteries (ASS‐LIBs). This paper reports novel polymer composite membranes consisting of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers (Nfs) containing lithium salts. It is first revealed that the lithium salt addition increases polar surface groups on the PAN nanofibers. Subsequently, the lithium salts‐containing PAN nanofiber (PAN/Li Nf) composite membrane affects the matrix poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)/lithium bis(trifluoromethyl sulfonylimide) (LiTFSI) electrolyte to increase the numbers of Li+ with high mobility. Consequently, the PAN/Li Nf composite membrane shows relatively good ion conductivity (σ = 9.0 × 10−5 S cm−1) and a considerably large Li+ transference number (tLi+ = 0.41) at 60 °C, compared to the PEO/LiTFSI membrane without nanofibers. The 6Li solid‐state NMR study supports that the PAN/Li Nf bearing abundant polar nitrile groups at their surface enhances Li+ diffusion in the PEO‐based electrolyte membranes. The galvanostatic constant current cycling tests reveal that the PAN/Li Nf composite membrane possesses good electrochemical and mechanical stabilities. The ASS‐LIB consisting of the PAN/Li Nf composite membrane shows significantly improved charge and discharge cycling performances, promising future all‐solid‐state batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of eco-friendly electroactive nanomaterials has attracted great attention in recent years. Here, a biogenic piezoelectric and fluorescent nanocomposite was designed and fabricated. Cellulose nanorods (CNRs) were first modified with polyethylenimine (PEI)-functionalized carbon dots (CDs) with dual-band green/yellow photoluminescence (PL). The CD-modified CNRs were incorporated into an electrospun poly-(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanofiber with a piezo-phase alignment. CDs with an amino-rich polymeric chain not only enhanced the crystallinity of the CNRs but also mediated flexible linking between the CNRs and PVA matrix, which facilitated a large-scale preferential alignment of the CNRs in the nanofibers. The piezoelectric output voltage of the composite was improved two times through introduction of the CDs. Furthermore, the inhomogeneous distribution of the dual-emissive CDs in the nanofiber endowed the composite film with a unique thickness-dependent fluorescent chromic behavior. An information encryption was also realized owing to the structural-sensitive fluorescence of the composite film, which showed the high potential of the multifunctional nanocomposite in various applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanofibers show promise for wound healing by facilitating active agent delivery, moisture retention, and tissue regeneration. However, selecting suitable dressings for diverse wound types and managing varying exudate levels remains challenging. This study synthesized carbon quantum dots (CQDs) from citrate salt and thiourea using a hydrothermal method. The CQDs displayed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. A nanoscaffold comprising gelatin, chitosan, and polycaprolactone (GCP) was synthesized and enhanced with silver nanoparticle-coated CQDs (Ag-CQDs) to form GCP-Q, while citrate addition yielded GCP-QC. Multiple analytical techniques, including electron microscopy, FT-IR spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, UV–Vis, photoluminescence, X-ray diffraction, porosity, degradability, contact angle, and histopathology assessments characterized the CQDs and nanofibers. Integration of CQDs and citrate into the GCP nanofibers increased porosity, hydrophilicity, and degradability—properties favorable for wound healing. Hematoxylin and eosin staining showed accelerated wound closure with GCP-Q and GCP-QC compared to GCP alone. Overall, GCP-Q and GCP-QC nanofibers exhibit significant potential for skin tissue engineering applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) incorporated Polyamide 66 (PA66) nanofiber mat as a photocatalyst which was prepared using electrospinning technique for degradation of methyl orange (MO). Considering the lack of reported studies on the influence of the ultrasonication on the size and stability of AgNPs, the purpose of the study was to produce a small size of AgNPs and compare it with the continuous stirring method. It is reasonable to report that the advantage of ultrasonication is to generate relatively smaller AgNPs (u-AgNPs) compared to fabrication by continuous stirring method (s-AgNPs). Helichrysum arenarium (HA) extract was used as a reducing agent as well as a capping agent in green synthesis of AgNPs. AgNPs were characterized by UV–visible spectrophotometry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscope (TEM). PA66/u-AgNs nanofibers were then successfully electrospun and characterized by using scanning electron microscope (SEM), FT-IR, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and water contact angle measurement (WCA). Fabricated PA66-based nanofiber mat with smooth surface and uniform diameters (330–340 nm) was used as a catalyst in MO degradation. PA66/u-AgNP nanofibers were also evaluated for antibacterial performance and showed significant inhibition against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria. According to these findings, it is expected that the fabricated novel PA66/u-AgNP nanofibers can be announced as a promising potent and applied to the wastewater applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanofiber (NF) membrane systems that can provide cascade catalytic reaction and ferroptosis induction were developed for oral cancer therapy. Glucose oxidase (GOx) and aminoferrocene (AF) were introduced into the NF system for glucose deprivation/H2O2 generation and OH radical generation, respectively. GOx offers starvation therapy and AF (including iron) provides chemodynamic therapy/ferroptosis for combating oral cancer. GOx (water-soluble) and AF (poorly water-soluble) molecules were successfully entrapped in the NF membrane via an electrospinning process. GOx and AF were incorporated into the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based NF, resulting in PVA/GOx/AF NF with fast disintegration and immediate drug-release properties. In oral squamous cell carcinoma (YD-9 cells), the PVA/GOx/AF NF group exhibited higher cytotoxicity, antiproliferation potential, cellular ROS level, apoptosis induction, lipid ROS level, and malondialdehyde level compared to the other NF groups. The electrospun PVA/GOx/AF NF can be directly applied to oral cancer without causing pain, offering starvation/chemodynamic therapy and ferroptosis induction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrospinning has become a facile, novel, and sophisticated method for fabricating 1D objects using repulsive force. This technique has garnered much attention as it can produce nanofibers with a larger surface area and maximum porosity, which makes their surface morphology more desirable for biomedical and bioengineering approaches. This cutting-edge allows for greater versatility and adaptability in nanofibre fabrication, which opens up new possibilities for use in fields like medication delivery and tissue engineering. The electrospinning technique of nanofiber is discussed in detail, along with its current and future applications and possibilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immense research efforts on graphene or graphene oxide have led to the formation of unique nanocarbon derived nanomaterials. Graphene and graphene oxide have been reinforced in polymeric matrices to form high performance nanocomposites. Significant applications of polymer nanocomposites with graphene or graphene oxide were experiential for nanofiber formation and ensuing membranes. This overview highlights design, essential features, and potential of graphene or graphene oxide derived nanocomposite nanofibrous membranes for water remediation permeation towards contaminates, salts, toxins, microbials, and other separation purposes. Here, polymer filled graphene or graphene oxide nanocomposites have been processed into nanofibers using appropriate techniques such as electrospinning, wet spinning, template method, etc. Afterwards, polymer/graphene and polymer/graphene oxide nanofiber nanocomposites were applied to form the nanocomposite membranes using appropriate techniques like solution processing, casting methods, infiltration, etc. Consequently, high performance membranes have been researched for technological purposes, especially water management competence. Future research on polymer/graphene nanofibrous membranes may lead to highly efficient systems for commercial and industrial level uses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights Starch‐based biocomposites exhibit great potential as an alternative to fossil‐based materials. This work focused on investigating the properties of the starch‐based biocomposite reinforced by cellulose nanofibers derived from sugarcane bagasse (SCB). The sodium hydroxide (NaOH) concentration was varied from 4%, 8%, and 12% wt/vol for the SCB extraction process. The obtained nanofibers, respectively called SCBNF4, SCBNF8, and SCBNF12, were characterized by various techniques prior to being incorporated into modified starch (MS). The effects of the type and amount of SCBNF on the mechanical properties, thermal behavior, optical transparency, and moisture absorption of the biocomposite films were examined. All SCBNF samples had a cellulose type I structure with a diameter on the nanometer scale, regardless of the NaOH concentration. The SCBNF's diameter decreased, whereas the crystallinity index increased with increasing NaOH concentration. When incorporated into MS, the higher SCBNF loading resulted in enhancements of mechanical properties and resistance to moisture absorption with the sacrifice of optical transparency. The biocomposite filled with SCBNF12 exhibited better overall performance at a certain filler loading due to the greater filler‐polymer interaction. The benefits of greater strength, light weight, and eco‐friendliness of the developed biocomposites make them suitable for many applications, including packaging. Diameter and crystallinity index of SCBNF were governed by NaOH concentration. Adding SCBNF to MS greatly improved the biocomposite's mechanical properties. SCBNF12 showed the highest biocomposite's overall performance. The maximum strength was achieved at 1 phr of SCBNFs. The addition of SCBNFs reduced water and moisture absorption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, the number of patients with cancer is expanding consistently because of a low quality of life. For this reason, the therapies used to treat cancer have received a lot of consideration from specialists. Numerous anticancer medications have been utilized to treat patients with cancer. However, the immediate utilization of anticancer medicines leads to unpleasant side effects for patients and there are many restrictions to applying these treatments. A number of polymers like cellulose, chitosan, Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA), Polyacrylonitrile (PAN), peptides and Poly (hydroxy alkanoate) have good properties for the treatment of cancer, but the nanofibers-based target and controlled drug delivery system produced by the co-axial electrospinning technique have extraordinary properties like favorable mechanical characteristics, an excellent release profile, a high surface area, and a high sponginess and are harmless, bio-renewable, biofriendly, highly degradable, and can be produced very conveniently on an industrial scale. Thus, nanofibers produced through coaxial electrospinning can be designed to target specific cancer cells or tissues. By modifying the composition and properties of the nanofibers, researchers can control the release kinetics of the therapeutic agent and enhance its accumulation at the tumor site while minimizing systemic toxicity. The core–shell structure of coaxial electrospun nanofibers allows for a controlled and sustained release of therapeutic agents over time. This controlled release profile can improve the efficacy of cancer treatment by maintaining therapeutic drug concentrations within the tumor microenvironment for an extended period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The protein from black soldier fly larvae was used as a functional ingredient of a novel green nanofiber. Larvae protein powder (LP) was blended with biodegradable poly(e-caprolactone) (PCL) and processed in an electrospinning machine using a coaxial feeding/mixing method to produce nanofibers approximately 100-350 nm in diameter. To improve the dispersion and interface bonding of various PCL/LP nanofiber components, a homemade compatibilizer, maleic anhydridegrafted poly(e-caprolactone) (MPCL), was added to form MPCL/LP nanofibers. The structure, morphology, mechanical properties, water absorption, cytocompatibility, wound healing, and biodegradability of PCL/LP and MPCL/LP nanofiber mats were investigated. The results showed enhanced adhesion in the MPCL/LP nanofiber mats compared to PCL/LP nanofiber mats; additionally, the MPCL/LP nanofibers exhibited increases of approximately 0.7-2.2 MPa in breaking strength and 9.0-22.8 MPa in Young's modulus. Decomposition tests using a simulated body fluid revealed that the addition of LP enhanced the decomposition rate of both PCL/LP and MPCL/LP nanofiber mats and in vitro protein release. Cell proliferation and migration analysis indicated that PCL, MPCL, and their composites were biocompatible for fibroblast (FB) growth. Biodegradability was tested in a 30 day soil test. When the LP content was 20 wt%, the degradation rate exceeded 50%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to discuss the research progress of MOFs-based polymer nanofibers assembled by electrospinning technology, four preparation methods of MOFs-based polymer nanofibers were reviewed, including blending method, in-situ growth method, post-modification method and electrospining-electrospray method. And the characteristics of each preparation methods were summarized and analyzed. The applications of MOFs-based polymer nanofibers in biomedicine, energy conversion and storage, gas storage and separation, and water treatment were introduced. It is considered that the introduction of MOFs widens the field of application of nanofibers, and the preparation method of electrospinning and electrospray will have great advantages in the actual production of flexible MOFs-based polymer nanofiber membrane materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This report is on magneto-electric (ME) interactions in bulk composites with coaxial fibers of nickel–zinc ferrite and PZT. The core–shell fibers of PZT and Ni1−xZnxFe2O4 (NZFO) with x = 0–0.5 were made by electrospinning. Both kinds of fibers, either with ferrite or PZT core and with diameters in the range of 1–3 μm were made. Electron and scanning probe microscopy images indicated well-formed fibers with uniform core and shell structures and defect-free interface. X-ray diffraction data for the fibers annealed at 700–900 °C did not show any impurity phases. Magnetization, magnetostriction, ferromagnetic resonance, and polarization P versus electric field E measurements confirmed the ferroic nature of the fibers. For ME measurements, the fibers were pressed into disks and rectangular platelets and then annealed at 900–1000 °C for densification. The strengths of strain-mediated ME coupling were measured by the H-induced changes in remnant polarization Pr and by low-frequency ME voltage coefficient (MEVC). The fractional change in Pr under H increased in magnitude, from +3% for disks of NFO–PZT to −82% for NZFO (x = 0.3)-PZT, and a further increase in x resulted in a decrease to a value of −3% for x = 0.5. The low-frequency MEVC measured in disks of the core–shell fibers ranged from 6 mV/cm Oe to 37 mV/cm Oe. The fractional changes in Pr and the MEVC values were an order of magnitude higher than for bulk samples containing mixed fibers with a random distribution of NZFO and PZT. The bulk composites with coaxial fibers have the potential for use as magnetic field sensors and in energy-harvesting applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanofibrous proton exchange membranes (PEMs) play an important role in improving the performance of the fuel cells. In this paper, two kinds of Nafion nanofibrous PEMs, Nafion-E/W and Nafion-DMF, were fabricated respectively by using ethanol/water (E/W) and N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) as the solvent and their properties, such as the morphologies, water uptake, area swelling, ion exchange capabilities, conductivities, and mechanical properties were examined. Nafion-E/W nanofibers showed a thick diameter of 6,089 nm and Nafion-DMF nanofibers a thin diameter of 410 nm. Then the two Nafion nanofibers were annealed to provide the PEMs. Compared with Nafion 117 membranes and Nafion-DMF PEMs, Nafion-E/W PEMs showed the greatest water uptake and area swelling of respectively 59.75 % and 30.31 % and the conductivity increased to 0.1405 S/cm, more than twice as much as Nafion 117 membranes, but the broken stress decreased to 5.49 MPa, nearly half of Nafion 117 membranes. Nafion-DMF PEMs showed the lowest water uptake, area swelling, and conductivity of 22.67 %, 10.75 %, and 0.0410 S/cm, and the broken stress reached 14.20 MPa, greater than 11.0 MPa of Nafion 117 membranes. The obtained experimental results are instructive to improve the properties of Nafion PEMs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) nanofibers embedded with borate glasses of 45B5 composition doped with Co2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+(46.1 B₂O₃26.9‐X CaO24.4 Na₂O2.6 P₂O₅, X CoO/CuO/ZnO mol % (X = 0–5)) were produced by electrospinning for wound healing applications. Prior to their addition, the glasses exhibited two broad halos typical of a vitreous borate network, which were mainly composed of ring‐type metaborate structural units. The particle distribution in the PHBV nanofibers embedded with 45B5 borate bioactive glasses is present in isolated and agglomerated states, being partially coated by a polymeric layer—except for the cobalt‐doped glass, which resulted in a successful encapsulation with 100% embedding efficiency. The incorporation of the glasses reduced the PHBV crystallinity degree and its decomposition temperature, as well as its mechanical properties, including Young's modulus, tensile strength, and elongation at break. The neat PHBV fibers and those containing the cobalt‐doped glasses demonstrated great cytocompatibility with human keratinocytes (HaCat), as suggested by the high cell viability after 7 days of exposure. Further studies are needed to fully understand the wound healing potential of these fibers, but our results significantly contribute to the area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current work focuses on preparing the eudragit-based nanofiber loaded with eugenol, a potential anti-inflammatory drug. The avenue of the study is to unravel the applicability of drug-loaded polymer nanofiber for periodontal intra-pocket drug delivery. Incorporation of about 1–3% of eugenol in to the eudragit matrix certainly enhanced its properties. As revealed by FE-SEM, nanofibrous mat had well-branched and porous structure with a diameter range of 261 nm–412 nm. The presence of functional groups and interaction of the drug with the polymer through hydrogen bonding was confirmed by the shift of the absorption band to lower wavenumbers in the FTIR spectrum. Contact angle measurement and swelling behavior assessment showed that mat with 3% drug had better surface wettability (359.17 ± 9.21) and lower hydrophobicity (119.80º) in comparison with eudragit matrix. Non-toxic behavior of the developed nanofiber is established by both in vitro cell viability (greater than 80%) and in vivo Drosophila melanogaster model (greater than 78% survival rate). Polymer/drug composite also revealed satisfactory anti-inflammatory activity of about 97% at 12.5 µg/ml concentrations. Further, the cumulative drug release of eugenol from nanofiber mat was found to be 83.60 ± 2.01% for 3% eugenol-loaded sample in the in vitro model with R2 (0.9681) fitting to Korsmeyer–Peppas model indicating diffusion mechanism for prolonged release in dose-dependent manner (n = 0.25, k = 10. 81 min−1). These findings indicated that the fabricated eudragit/eugenol composite mat is a promising system for intra-pocket drug delivery in periodontitis therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aimed to create a UV sensor using photochromic pigment in nonwoven form and analyse its fatigue resistance under continuous ultraviolet (UV) light. The photochromic polymeric matrices consist of a photochromic pigment, a polymer, and a photo stabilizer, which enhance the stability of the photochromic systems under light exposure. As a base matrix, we used polyvinyl butyral. Then, we added different amounts of the photochromic pigment 5-chloro-1,3,3-trimethylspiro [indoline-2,3′-(3H) naphtho (2,1-b) (1,4)-oxazine]. We produce photochromic nonwovens by electrospinning a polymeric matrix solution with varying pigment concentrations. The study aimed to create a UV sensor with photochromic nanofibers that are very sensitive to light. It also tested how well it can degrade under continuous UV radiation by looking at its photo fatigue resistance under constant UV irradiation for its final use as a UV sensor material. Using FTIR, CRM, SEM, and XRD techniques, this study investigates the physiochemical properties and photodegradation behaviour of photochromic nonwovens and writes a report on it. The photo-light stability of photochromic materials is a major problem concerning its external stimuli in different substrate forms. It also looks at how well they resist photo-chemically towards the UV light. The fatigue resistance measurements were carried out using a FOTOCHROM3 spectrophotometer under continuous UV irradiance using two different modes. This study evaluated and reported their photodegradation behaviour in cyclic and continuous UV irradiance modes. The tests showed that the prepared photochromic system works well with photostability and can go through more than 20 exposure cycles, each with 100 min of UV light and intensity equal to 1/3 of the sun's rays on a clear day. Given the PVB applications in our daily lives, it can serve as a UV sensor in numerous industrial applications. Photochromic nanofibers possessing excellent photosensitivity hold immense promise as optical rewritable devices and colourimetric-based UV sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polyamide-6 (PA) is a popular textile polymer having desirable mechanical and thermal properties, chemical stability, and biocompatibility. However, PA nanofibers are prone to bacterial growth and user discomfort. ε-Poly-L-lysine (PL) is non-toxic, antimicrobial, and hydrophilic but lacks spinnability due to its low molecular weight. Given its similar backbone structure to PA, with an additional amino side chain, PL was integrated with PA to develop multifunctional nanofibers. This study explores a simple, scalable method by which to obtain PL nanofibers by utilizing the structurally similar PA as the base. The goal was to enhance the functionality of PA by addressing its drawbacks. The study demonstrates spinnability of varying concentrations of PL with base PA while exploring compositions with higher PL concentrations than previously reported. Electrospinning parameters were studied to optimize the nanofiber properties. The effects of PL addition on morphology, hydrophilicity, thermal stability, mechanical performance, and long-term antimicrobial activity of nanofibers were evaluated. The maximum spinnable concentration of PL in PA-based nanofibers resulted in super hydrophilicity (0° static water contact angle within 10 s), increased tensile strength (1.02 MPa from 0.36 MPa of control), and efficient antimicrobial properties with long-term stability. These enhanced characteristics hold promise for the composite nanofiber's application in medical and protective textiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wound dressings play a crucial role in promoting wound healing by providing a protective barrier against infections and facilitating tissue regeneration. Electrospun nanofibers have emerged as promising materials for wound dressing applications due to their high surface area, porosity, and resemblance to the extracellular matrix. In this study, chitosan, a biocompatible and biodegradable polymer, was electrospun into nanofibers for potential use in wound dressing. The chitosan nanofibers were characterized by using various analytical techniques to assess their morphology and biocompatibility. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed the formation of uniform and bead-free nanofibers with diameters ranging from tens to hundreds of nanometers. Structural analysis, including Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD), elucidated the chemical composition and crystalline structure of the nanofibers. Furthermore, in vitro studies evaluated the cytocompatibility of the chitosan nanofibers with human dermal fibroblasts, demonstrating cell viability and proliferation on the nanofibers. Additionally, antibacterial properties were assessed to evaluate the potential of chitosan nanofibers in preventing wound infections. Overall, the characterization results highlight the promising attributes of electrospun chitosan nanofibers as wound dressings, paving the way for further investigation and development in the field of advanced wound care. This study has been carried out for the first time in our region and has assessed the antibacterial properties of electrospun chitosan nanofiber material. The created mat has shown efficaciousness against bacteria that are both gram-positive and gram-negative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Interface engineering and nano-effects were employed to enhance the ORR activity. • PBSC/CPO heterostructure nanofibers were constructed by in situ self-assembly combined with electrostatic spinning. • PBSC/CPO heterostructure nanofibers facilitate the charge transfer and oxygen ion transport. • PBSC/CPO heterostructure nanofibers exhibits an impressive MPD of 1363 mW cm−2 at 750 °C. The engineering and exploration of cathode materials to achieve superior oxygen reduction catalytic activity and resistance to CO 2 are crucial for enhancing the performance of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). Herein, a novel heterostructure composite nanofiber cathode comprised of PrBa 0.5 Sr 0.5 Co 2 O 5+δ and Ce 0.8 Pr 0.2 O 1.9 (PBSC-CPO-ES) was prepared for the first time through a synergistic approach involving in-situ self-assembly and electrostatic spinning techniques. PBSC-CPO-ES exhibits exceptionally high oxygen reduction catalytic activity and CO 2 resistance, which is attributed to its unique nanofiber microstructure and abundant presence of heterointerfaces, significantly accelerating the charge transfer process, surface exchange and bulk diffusion of oxygen. The introduction of CPO not only effectively reduces the thermal expansion of PBSC but also changes the characteristics of oxygen ion transport anisotropy in layered perovskite materials, forming three-dimensional oxygen ion transport pathways. At 750 °C, the single cell employing the PBSC-CPO-ES heterostructure nanofiber attains an impressive peak power density of 1363 mW cm−2. This represents a notable 60.7 % improvement in comparison to the single-phase PBSC powder. Moreover, PBSC-CPO-ES exhibits excellent CO 2 tolerance and performance recovery after CO 2 exposure. This work provides new perspectives to the design and advancement of future high-performance and high-stability SOFC cathode materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To discuss the effect of temperature-controlled shrinkage polytrimethylene carbonate (PTMC) /polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) nanofiber membrane on the biological behavior of mouse fibroblasts and the repairment effect on full-thickness skin defects in the rats, and to clarify the potential mechanism. Methods: The murine L929 fibroblast cells were used in the in vitro experiments and were divided into control group and experimental group (treated with PTMC/PVP nanofiber membranes). The proliferation activities of the cells in two groups were detected by CCK-8 assay; the numbers of live/dead cells in two groups were observed by live/dead cell staining; the morphology of the cells was observed by cytoskeletal staining. A total of 12 six-week-old male SD rats were selected in the in vivo experiment, and were randomly divided into control group and experimental group, and there were six rats in each group. The full-thickness skin defect model was established, and the rats in experimental group were treated with PTMC/PVP nanofiber membranes. The photographs were taken after operation, and the wound healing rates of the cells in two groups were calculated on the 0，3rd，6th, and 12th days. On the 6th and 12th days after operation, the skin samples around the wound of the rats in two groups were taken, and the histopathology of the would skin and adjacent tissue was detected by HE staining; the collagen deposition in wound skin tissue of the rats in two groups was observed by Masson trichrome staining; the numbers of angiogenesis in wound skin tissue of the rats were detected by CD31 immunohistochemical staining. Results: The CCK-8 assay results showed that the proliferation activity of the cells in experimental group showed an increasing trend on the 1st, 3st, and 5st days, and there was no significant difference in the proliferation activities of the cells bewteen experimental group and control group (P>0.05). The live/dead cell staining experiment results showed that compared with control group, the cell density and number of the cells in experimental group had no significant changes, and were predominantly live cells. The cytoskeletal staining results showed that the cells in experimental and control groups appeared spindle-shaped and well-spread. In the in vivo experiments, on the 3rd, 6th, and 12th days, compared with control group, the wound healing rates of the cells in experimental group were increased (P<0.01), and the wound healing rate of the cells was 95.45% on the 12th day, indicating nearly complete healing of the wound. The HE staining showed that on the 12th day, the wound skin structure of the cells in experimental group was more similar to the normal skin, and there was abundant granulation tissue, regular epidermal structure, and new blood vessel formation. The Masson trichrome staining results showed that compared with control group, the collagen deposition in wound tissue of the rats in experimental group was increased. The immunohistochemical staining results showed that the expression of CD31 in wound tissue of the rats in experimental group was increased, indicating the increasing of the number of angiogenesis. Conclusion: The PTMC/PVP thermoresponsive nanofiber membranes exhibit good biocompatibility and can promote the repairment of full-thickness skin defects in the rats; its mechanism may be related to the enhancement of proliferation activity of the basal cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Intravenous albumin administration increases blood circulation and enhances wound healing. Topical application of albumin can inhibit the growth of certain bacteria on topical wounds. Topical caffeine can induce vascularization and the formation of blood vessels on the skin. The purpose of this work is to explore for the first time the effect of topical albumin and caffeine on wound healing rate in rat models. Methods: This work aimed to develop albumin and caffeine-loaded nanofibers by the electrospinning method and to evaluate their topical effect on wound healing. Nanofiber formation was assessed by SEM and considered using FT-IR spectroscopy. The therapeutic activity of topical albumin and caffeine was investigated on a full-thickness excision skin model. Results: Albumin alone or in combination with caffeine effectively reduced the exposed wound area. Wound contraction at the end of week 2 was higher in albumin and caffeine loaded nanofiber group (96%) relative to the control group (79%). Conclusion: Data show that daily albumin-loaded wound dressing displayed good healing properties and enhanced wound closure rate. These findings may indicate the successful application of the sauce as a promising tool in wound healing therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetic Foot Ulcers (DFUs) are open ulcers or sores on the foot with a bony prominence. They are a frequent manifestation of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus and often increase the risk of infection. DFUs typically take longer to heal, sometimes resulting in severe complications such as amputation. Our study aimed to develop a drug delivery system that could help to manage DFUs. We developed polymer-based fibers that were loaded with ciprofloxacin HCl via centrifugal spinning setup. The optimized polymeric fiber batch demonstrated over 90% drug entrapment, controlled drug release for 72 h, an average fiber diameter of 4.88 pm and porosity above 70%. The drug-loaded fibers showed antibacterial action against gram-negative (E. coli) and gram-positive (S. aureus) pathogens that are often prevalent in DFUs. Additionally, the fibers showed excellent hemocompatibility. Our study's findings show great potential in managing DFUs, and future studies will explore the potential application of this drug delivery system in treating and managing diabetic foot ulcers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrospun nanofiber scaffolds mimic the structure of the natural extracellular matrix, making them promising for application in tissue engineering. Based on this, the biopolymers poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and gelatin, with good mechanical and biological properties, respectively, were electrospun with acetic acid as the only solvent, without the crosslinking process in order to reduce the cytotoxic effects of commonly used solvents. This study evaluated the influence of scaffold thicknesses on the physicochemical properties. Scaffolds with 4 different thicknesses were produced by increasing the electrospinning time (A = 1 h, B = 1.5 h, C = 2 h and D = 3 h). Thicker scaffolds (B, C and D, 0.142 ± 0.029 to 0.306 ± 0.053 nm) were manipulated easily, presented higher mechanical strength (from 156.21 to 178.53%) and smaller diameter fibers (approximately 300.0 nm). On the other hand, the longer the processing time, the less uniform the fibers and more melting regions between fibers, which may hinder the use of the scaffold and should be considered. Only the thickest scaffold (D) showed higher wettability (contact angle 31.1° ± 3°). Intermediate thickness scaffolds showed less beads and fiber irregularities. Cell adhesion was good due to gelatin, though cell proliferation remained constant for the thicker scaffold indicating that longer processing time may not be advantageous for cell application. Results showed that intermediate thickness scaffolds of PCL/gelatin (0.142 ± 0.029 to 0.195 ± 0.034 nm) assure good physicochemical properties to be applied for different cell types. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a nanofiber surface loaded with apheresis platelet concentrate (APC) was produced for the first time to develop a bioactive wound dressing design. Nanofiber surface (n=5) consisting of polyurethane polymer outer layer, polyvinyl alcohol polymer middle layer, and polycaprolactone polymer matrix inner layer were produced via the electrospinning method. The surface morphologies of the produced nanofiber surfaces were examined by scanning electron microscopy. Quantitative analyzes of growth factors released from the APC-loaded composite nanofiber surfaces into phosphate-buffered saline at certain time intervals were performed with the ELISA. When the release amounts between bFGF, EGF, and PDGF-AA groups were compared, a significant difference was found in all periods (p<0.05). When the time-dependent release changes of each group were examined, there was no statistically significant difference in the bFGF group (p>0.05), but there was a significant difference between the EGF and PDGF-AA growth factors (p<0.05). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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