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This paper compares state Islamic orthodoxy in Indonesia and Malaysia by using Islamic education curriculum for senior high schools as my case study. I argue that Malaysian Islamic Development Agency (Jabatan Kemajuan Islam Malaysia, JAKIM) in Malaysia has been more successful in exerting its orthodox values in the Islamic education curriculum than its counterpart Indonesian Council of Ulama (Majelis Ulama Indonesia, MUI) due to three factors: clear institutional objective; ideological cohesion among state institutions overseeing Islamic education; and patterns of Islamisation in the society that provide a conducive milieu for such orthodox ideals to thrive. In this paper I limit the scope of time and space to state Islamic orthodoxy in Indonesia and Malaysia from the late 1970s to present. I then choose three common topics found in Islamic education curriculum for senior high schools in Indonesia and Malaysia - pluralism/freedom of religion, marriage, and civic responsibility/governance - as examples of JAKIM's ideological dominance in Malaysia and the multifaceted nature found in Indonesian state Islamic orthodoxy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction and hypothesis: Midurethral sling (MUS) surgeries are minimally invasive procedures; however, they are not free of postoperative complications. The aim of the study was to assess the occurrence of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) (urgency, nocturia, frequency, splitting/spraying, hesitancy, terminal dribbling, and subjective feeling of postvoid residual) in patients suffering from stress (SUI) or mixed (MUI) urinary incontinence with a predominant SUI component before and after transobturator MUS placement. Methods: The study group consisted of 88 women with SUI and 18 with MUI who underwent transobturator MUS. All participants were questioned with a self-developed questionnaire before and after surgery regarding the presence of LUTS. Results: Seven days after surgery, 62 patients (58.5%) noted voiding and postmicturition symptoms, whereas 67 (63.2%) reported problems in storage. The more commonly reported LUTS at week 1 after surgery were urgency (52.8%), splitting/spraying (41.5%), and feeling of incomplete bladder emptying (34.0%). Patients perceived that splitting/spraying was the most bothersome. After 6 months, the most common LUTS reported were hesitancy (14.1%), terminal dribbling (10.4%), and splitting/spraying (9.4%). We noticed a decrease in the number of urgency episodes >2.7 times ( p < 0.001) compared with baseline. After 6 months, 97 (91.5%) patients reported the lack of incontinence episodes. Conclusions: A vast majority of patients after MUS suffer from LUTS in the early postoperative period; however, the majority of undesired symptoms resolve spontaneously within the first 6 months postsurgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Impulse-radio ultra-wideband (IR-UWB) technology has gained popularity in wireless personal area networks (WPANs) because of its promising aspect in providing extremely high data rates at low cost. However, multi-user interference (MUI) adversely affects the IR-UWB communication technique, especially in WPANs concurrent transmission scenarios. In this paper, we solve this problem via proposing a new correlation technique, namely, multi-point impulse correlation (MPIC), based on a new mask equation design. The proposed MPIC technique outperforms the traditional technique in TR receivers in terms of the obtained symbol error rate (SER) value (by 4.5 db) as confirmed by the simulation results. Multiple scenarios were conducted which confirm that the proposed MPIC technique offers better SER performance in comparison with TR. According to the obtained results, MPIC is highly successful in reducing MUI, especially in concurrent schemes and with a large number of users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This paper compares state Islamic orthodoxy in Indonesia and Malaysia by using Islamic education curriculum for senior high schools as my case study. I argue that Malaysian Islamic Development Agency (Jabatan Kemajuan Islam Malaysia, JAKIM) in Malaysia has been more successful in exerting its orthodox values in the Islamic education curriculum than its counterpart Indonesian Council of Ulama (Majelis Ulama Indonesia, MUI) due to three factors: clear institutional objective; ideological cohesion among state institutions overseeing Islamic education; and patterns of Islamisation in the society that provide a conducive milieu for such orthodox ideals to thrive. In this paper I limit the scope of time and space to state Islamic orthodoxy in Indonesia and Malaysia from the late 1970s to present. I then choose three common topics found in Islamic education curriculum for senior high schools in Indonesia and Malaysia - pluralism/freedom of religion, marriage, and civic responsibility/governance - as examples of JAKIM's ideological dominance in Malaysia and the multifaceted nature found in Indonesian state Islamic orthodoxy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Historically, the Multimedia community research has focused on output modalities, through studies on timing and multimedia processing. The Multimodal Interaction community, on the other hand, has focused on user-generated modalities, through studies on Multimodal User Interfaces (MUI). In this paper, aiming to assist the development of multimedia applications with MUIs, we propose the integration of concepts from those two communities in a unique high-level programming framework. The framework integrates user modalities -both user-generated (e.g., speech, gestures) and user-consumed (e.g., audiovisual, haptic)- in declarative programming languages for the specification of interactive multimedia applications. To illustrate our approach, we instantiate the framework in the NCL (Nested Context Language) multimedia language. NCL is the declarative language for developing interactive applications for Brazilian Digital TV and an ITU-T Recommendation for IPTV services. To help evaluate our approach, we discuss a usage scenario and implement it as an NCL application extended with the proposed multimodal features. Also, we compare the expressiveness of the multimodal NCL against existing multimedia and multimodal languages, for both input and output modalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Integrated sensing and communication system is emerging technology where sensing and communication functions coexist. • Reconfigurable intelligent surface is introduced to mitigate multi-user interference in integrated sensing and communication system. • Design sensing waveform and RIS reflection coefficient jointly based on the Alternating Gradient-descent on Riemannian Manifold method. • Sensing SINR and communication achievable rates are simultaneously improved based on the proposed method. The joint design of the transmit waveform and passive beamforming is the key issue in the reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) assisted integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) systems. The existing methods are the joint waveform design without RIS or the sensing-first joint waveform design with RIS. Different from these methods, the fair sensing-communication joint waveform design with RIS is studied in this paper. For this purpose, we simultaneously optimize the waveform and RIS phase shifts to maximize the sensing Signal-to-Interference-and-Noise-Ratio (SINR) and minimize the communication Multiple User Interference (MUI). Due to the constant modulus (CM) constraint and the fractional programming form of the SINR expression, the resulted optimization problem is hard to solve. To address these issues, an Alternating Gradient-descent on Riemannian Manifold (AGRM) method is proposed. First, a dinkelbatch-GRM algorithm is derived to maximize SINR, by fixing the RIS phase shifts. Then, a GRM algorithm is given to mitigate MUI, while fixing the waveform. Finally, the overall AGRM algorithm is presented to solve the original problem. Simulation results show that the communication achievable rate and the sensing SINR of the proposed method are 2.33 bits/s/Hz and 5.6 dB higher than [17] and [30,31]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The intent of this paper is to study the performance of spectral-amplitude coding optical code-division multiple-access (OCDMA) systems using Vector Combinatorial (VC) code under various optical parameters. This code can be constructed by an algebraic way based on Euclidian vectors for any positive integer number. One of the important properties of this code is that the maximum cross-correlation is always one which means that multi-user interference (MUI) and phase induced intensity noise are reduced. Transmitter and receiver structures based on unchirped fiber Bragg grating (FBGs) using VC code and taking into account effects of the intensity, shot and thermal noise sources is demonstrated. The impact of the fiber distance effects on bit error rate (BER) is reported using a commercial optical systems simulator, virtual photonic instrument, VPITM. The VC code is compared mathematically with reported codes which use similar techniques. We analyzed and characterized the fiber link, received power, BER and channel spacing. The performance and optimization of VC code in SAC-OCDMA system is reported. By comparing the theoretical and simulation results taken from VPITM, we have demonstrated that, for a high number of users, even if data rate is higher, the effective power source is adequate when the VC is used. Also it is found that as the channel spacing width goes from very narrow to wider, the BER decreases, best performance occurs at a spacing bandwidth between 0.8 and 1 nm. We have shown that the SAC system utilizing VC code significantly improves the performance compared with the reported codes.

Awal mula berdirinya Majelis Ulama’ Indonesia (MUI) bukanlah kehendak umat Islam sepenuhnya dan bukan pula kehendak dari para ulama’ Islam, tetapi berdirinya MUI adalah kehendak dari pemerintah Indonesia pada saat itu (Orde Baru) dalam rangka menguatkan kedudukan pemerintahan di saat itu. Namun demikian setelah berdirinya MUI, terdapat kekurangan dan kelebihan dalam menfatwakan berbagai macam permasalahan yang terjadi pada kehidupan masyarakat Indonesia karena di Indonesia terdapat berbagai aliran keagamaan, bahkan dalam Islam itu sendiri terdapat beberapa madzhab yang berbeda

An improved optimal weights based on parallel interference cancellation algorithm has been proposed to cancel for interference induced by multi-user access satellite to ground uplink system. Due to differences in elevation relative motion between the user and the satellite, as well as access between users, resulting in multi-user access interference (Multi-user Access Interference, MUI), which significantly degrade system performance when multi-user access. By steepest gradient method, it obtained based on the MMSE criterion, parallel interference cancellation adjust optimal weights to obtain the maximum SINR. Compared to traditional parallel interference cancellation (Parallel Interference Cancellation, PIC) algorithm or serial interference cancellation (Successive interference Cancellation, SIC), the accuracy of which is not high and too many complex iterations, we establish the multi-user access to the satellite to ground up link system to demonstrate that the improved WPIC algorithm could be provided with high accuracy and relatively low number of iterations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To implement high-order multiuser multiple input and multiple output (MU-MIMO) for massive MIMO systems, there must be a feedback scheme that can warrant its performance with a limited signaling overhead. The interference-to-noise ratio can be a basis for a novel form of Codebook (CB)-based MU-MIMO feedback scheme. The objective of this paper is to verify such a scheme's performance under a practical system configuration with a 3D channel model in various radio environments. We evaluate the performance of various CB-based feedback schemes with different types of overhead reduction approaches, providing an experimental ground with which to optimize a CB-based MU-MIMO feedback scheme while identifying the design constraints for a massive MIMO system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Television, music videos, films, and pop bands are all part of global popular culture and thought to be the product of "the west". These media are therefore often seen as a threat to the identities of nationalities, local cultures, and religious groups. In contrast, in the context of Indonesian Muslims, the Indonesian Ulama Council's (Majelis Ulama Indonesia, MUI) showed support for Fatin Shidqia Lubis to the singing contest of Indonesian X Factor, 2013. This paper intends to study the presence of Fatin Sidqiah as the winner of Indonesian X Factor and the response of Indonesian muslims regarding Islamic popular culture in Indonesia. This paper argues that the presence of Islamic popular culture in Indonesia through books, novels, films, as well as fashion, show that Indonesian Islam and muslims are compatible not only with democracy but also with global popular culture. In addition, the presence of Fatin is a symbol of young Indonesian muslims who already connect globally. Whatever they consume in terms of popular culture is intrinsic to the creation of their hybrid identities, as both Indonesian muslims and global citizens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a new code structure with ideal in-phase cross-correlation for the Spectral-Amplitude-Coding Optical Code-Division Multiple-Access (SAC-CDMA) system called Vectors Combinatorial (VC) code is proposed. VC code is constructed using Euclidian vectors and a simple algebraic way for any positive integer number based on the relationship between the number of users N and the weight W. We have also studied the performance of OCDMA systems using a newly proposed Direct Recovery Scheme (DRS) under various link parameters. The impact of the detection techniques and data rate effects on the Multi-User Interference (MUI) is reported using a commercial optical systems simulator, Virtual Instrument Photonic (VPI™). The VC code is compared mathematically with other codes which use similar techniques. We analyzed and optimized the data rate, fiber length, and channel spacing in order to reduce the BER effect. A comparison between complementary and DRS techniques for theoretical and simulation results taken from VP I™ is demonstrated. It is verified that, for a high data rate (higher than 2.5 Gb/s), even if dispersion compensated devices are not deployed, the BER can be significantly improved when the VC code with desired parameters are selected using DRS technique. Also, it is found that as the channel spacing width goes from very narrow to wide, the BER decreases and best performance occurs at a spacing bandwidth between 0.8 and 1nm. In addition, we have shown that the proposed new DRS technique utilizing VC code significantly improves the performance compared with the conventional SAC Complementary subtraction technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel receiver structure for TH-UWB wireless communication system was proposed. The improved receiver, combining the antenna diversity with Rake receiver, could enhance the ability to suppress the multi-user interference and multipath fading. Theoretic analysis and simulation results show that the proposed receiver can achieve better performance than the conventional Rake receiver.

This paper investigates the performance of vector combinatorial (VC) code for spectral amplitude coding optical code-division multiple-access (SAC-OCDMA) system using a newly proposed subtract exclusive OR detection (SED) technique. VC code is constructed using Euclidean vector and algebraic ways. One of the important properties of this code is that the maximum cross correlation is one, which means that multi-user interference (MUI) and phase induced intensity noise (PIIN) are reduced. The weight for the VC code can be any positive integer number. The system performance was evaluated by comparing the theoretical studies using related equations and simulation results taken from the commercial optical systems, “VPI™ TransmissionMaker 7.1”. Significant improvement in system performances has been observed when the proposed SED technique employing VC code was applied compared to other codes that utilize conventional balance detection techniques for spectral amplitude coding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction and hypothesis: The aims of this study are to study the surgical outcomes in patients with stress-predominant mixed urinary incontinence (MUI) treated with tension-free vaginal tape, and to evaluate the effect of concomitant anterior colpoplasty . Methods: A total of 134 women with MUI clinical and urodynamic were assessed at 6 months and annually (maximum 9 years) after surgery. Results: As a whole, a complete healing of 49-51% at 3 years is observed, which hence could result in a tax drop of 36.8% at 5-9 years. Nevertheless, the rate of healing or improvement (subjective) is 73.7% at long term (5-9 years). There were no significant differences between the two techniques used: TVT vs TVT-Obturator. On the other hand, we have found significant differences between association of anterior colpoplasty and not (complete healing rate 34.6% vs 64.6%, p = 0.014), at 2 years of monitoring. Conclusions: MUI with cystocele presents better surgical results for two components of incontinence, with its physiopathogenic implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We address joint estimation of frequency offsets and channel responses in OFDMA uplink. A cyclically equal-spaced, equal-energy interleaved pilot preamble is proposed by which two iterative estimators are developed. In the first estimator, we develop a modified SAGE (space alternating generalized expectation-maximization) method by incorporating multiuser interference cancellation in both time and frequency domains into the SAGE method. The proposed modified SAGE method yields a faster convergence rate, a better estimation performance, and a lower complexity than the existing conventional SAGE method from [10]. In the second method, we propose a very low complexity ad hoc method to replace the high complexity frequency offset estimator of the first method. The proposed ad hoc method is developed based on the time-domain characteristics of the pilot preamble and the frequency-domain power concentration property of OFDMA systems. It achieves almost the same estimation performance as the first proposed method but requires significantly lower complexity. Both proposed methods are not only better in estimation performance, convergence rate, and complexity, but also more robust to the number of active uplink users than the existing method while requiring only one OFDM training symbol and no restriction of the data subcarrier assignment scheme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study pulse-based ultra wideband (UWB) communications over multipath channels using asynchronous spread spectrum (SS) multiple access (MA) based on time-hopping (TH) and pulse position modulated (PPM) signals. More specifically, we analyze the signal-to-interference (SIR) degradation in the presence of additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN), multi-user interference (MUI), and dense multipath effects (DME) with line-of-sight (LOS) and non-line-of-sight (NLOS). In particular, we define a degradation margin factor for the combined MUI and multipath effects and also find an expression for the maximum number of simultaneous radio links Nu in terms of the operating SIR, the SS processing gain, and the bit transmission rate Rb. We consider both cases with perfect and imperfect power control. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

We propose a statistical multiplexing-based hybrid frequency-hopping orthogonal frequency-division multiple-access (HFH-OFDMA) system to increase the downlink user capacity of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM)-based ultra-wideband (UWB) indoor radio access networks (RANs). The downlink user capacity is here defined as the maximum allowable number of users served with a given data rate in a piconet. Statistical multiplexing, as noted by Walrand and Varaiya in 2000, is a method in which multiple users with intermittent transmissions efficiently share a link. The adoption of a statistical multiplexing concept enables the HFH-OFDMA system to accommodate many more users than the conventional FH-OFDMA system can. In OFDM-based UWB indoor RANs, the downlink user capacity of the HFH-OFDMA system is limited by either the total number of available subcarriers in a piconet (resource-limited) or the FCC UWB emission limit (power-limited). We analyze the downlink user capacity of the proposed HFH-OFDMA system in both single-piconet and multipiconet environments. In the single-piconet environment, the proposed HFH-OFDMA system which operates in 3.168-3.696-GHz band accommodates 256 users with a data rate of 532.5 kb/s in an OFDM-based UWB indoor RAN, while the proposed HFH-OFDMA system in the multipiconet environment, under the same conditions of the single-piconet environment, accommodates 110 users with a data rate of 532.5 kb/s. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper discusses design, simulation, and experimental investigations of optical-code-division multiple-access (O-CDMA) networking using a spectral phase-encoded time spreading (SPECTS) method. O-CDMA technologies can potentially provide flexible access of optical bandwidths in excess of 1Tb/s without relying on wavelength- or time-division-multiplexing modules, provided that they overcome the interference caused by other users broadcasting over the same channel, called multiuser interference (MUI). This paper pursues theoretical and experimental methods to mitigate the MUI. Analysis shows that nonuniform phase coding can increase the orthogonality of the code set, thereby reducing the impact of the MUI. The experiment conducted in a SPECTS O-CDMA testbed incorporating a highly nonlinear thresholder demonstrated error-free operation for four users at 1.25-Gb/s/user and for two users at 10-Gb/s/user. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Recently the passive optical network (PON) has attracted a lot of attention because it is an excellent solution for broad-band first mile services. Combining Ethernet frame with PON (EPON) and using synchronous optical code-division multiple-access (SOCDMA) technology are very promising for this application. In this paper, we analyze the jitter performance of SOCDMA-based EPON communication systems using perfect difference codes (PDC). We propose the joint jitter estimator and canceller (JJEC) to reduce the impact of jitter and multiple-user interference (MUI). The bit error rate (BER) of the system with JJEC is formulated analytically based on the correlator and the simple sampler receiver structures. The numerical results show that the proposed scheme can significantly suppress the MUI and improve the system performance. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In this paper, we introduce the perfect difference sets and propose a synchronous fiber-optic code-division multiple-access system (CDMA) using these sets to generate the signature codes. Two interesting properties of these codes are discussed: (1) any two different codes are cyclic-shifted with each other; and (2) the cross correlation between any two different codes is exactly one. Thus, we may treat these codes as quasi-orthogonal codes. Using the first property of these codes, we can simplify design of the transmitter. In the receiver, we can use the second property to effectively eliminate the multiple-user interference (MUI) without reducing the number of usable codes. Based on the proposed transmitter and receiver, the system performance is derived. The numerical examples reveal that the proposed system can provide reliable communication even under heavy load. We believe that the proposed system using perfect difference codes outperforms any other synchronous fiber-optic CDMA systems [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Summary: Recent technology developments have produced small and smart biomedical sensors, which can be worn or implanted in the human body. These biosensors create closed wireless networks named Wireless Body Area Networks (WBAN). The WBAN will continuously observe the physiological state of patients for both diagnosis and prevention. Those include on‐body measurements such as the Electrocardiogram (ECG), Electroencephalogram (EEG), temperature, and blood pressure. Ultra‐Wide‐Band (UWB) is a technology that has received a lot of attention due to several unique features such as secure transmission, low noise, and low energy consumption. Given the fact that the patients' well‐being might be dependent on the accurate realization of such networks, a high level of design and implementation accuracy are maintained throughout the system. In this paper, we proposed an Impulse‐Radio Ultra‐Wideband system, which is composed of static biomedical nodes mounted on a patient's body to collect vital data and send it wirelessly to a central node or subsequent analysis by healthcare professionals. The performance of this network, such as the effect of node location, the number of transmitted symbols, multiuser interference, and intersymbol interference, is evaluated. We also study the physical layer and quality of service of this proposed architecture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This letter introduces a versatile multi-code multidimensional super-orthogonal wideband code division multiple access (MC-MD-SO- WCDMA) multi-layered-modulation (MLM) scheme, employing families of root-of-unity filtered (RUF) generalized-chirp-like (GCL) constant-envelope complex spreading sequences (GCL-CE-CSS), including recently derived families of super-orthogonal (SO) GCL-CE-CSS with zero cross-correlation (ZCC) properties. The latter sequences facilitate multi-user-interference (MUI) free demodulation and detection. It is shown that the resulting MC-MD-SO-WCDMA signal simultaneously exhibits a spectrally efficient minimum (Nyquist) bandwidth output power spectral density (PSD) and a near constant instantaneous power output signal, yielding significant spectral and power efficiency advantages over existing single and multi-carrier multi-level quadrature-amplitude-modulated (M-QAM) WCDMA and OFDM modulation standards [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This study discusses one issue, namely the interpretation of the gurus of Majlis Ulama' Indonesia on the verses of religious moderation from the aspect of faith in the Qur'an. This study is a qualitative study. The data of this study is obtained through two sources. First, primary data from in-depth interview techniques to the master teachers who are members of the West Lombok Indonesian Ulema Council community. Second, secondary data obtained through documentation, namely data collection in the form of scientific books and scientific journals. The analysis approach used is content analysis. In this case, researchers analyzed the results of interviews and available documents, resulting in themes. This study found that the verses that show moderation in the Qur'an from the perspective of creed can be categorised into four: first, faith and disbelief as a private matter; second, guidance and hidayah only belong to Allah SWT; third, differences and diversity of beliefs as the will (irādah) of Allah; and fourth, the Prophet was sent as a bearer of good news. The informants emphasised their interpretations from an Islamic da'wah perspective. This study contributes to promoting a moderate understanding of Islamic teachings, maintaining interfaith harmony, and building a harmonious and tolerant society.