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Across research, policy, and practice, the experiences, knowledge, and collective experiences of Families of Color have been routinely erased, disregarded, and ignored, despite their potential for engaging and motivating students, creating inclusive classrooms, and addressing educational inequities. In this metasynthesis, we explicitly focus on what can be learned from Scholars of Color who have strong affinities to research communities and study the language and literacy practices of families. We attend to research findings that are relevant to children and families. We focus on four particularly salient sets of findings related to: 1. Family strengths and resources; 2. In‐betweenness, 3. Past, present, future and intergenerational connections; and 4. Advocacy and agency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiences of women in low and middle-income countries following perinatal death remains difficult and challenging, thereby increasing their susceptibility to negative psychological impact particularly with insufficient bereavement care and support. Perinatal death invariably brings intense grief which significantly impacts women, and requires adequate bereavement care to limit negative outcomes in the short and long-term. To develop deeper understanding of women's experience of care and support following perinatal death in high burden settings. Six electronic databases were searched with relevant terms established using the SPIDER tool, supplemented by hand search of reference lists. Studies were independently screened for inclusion by all authors. Meta-ethnography (Noblit and Hare,1988) was used to synthesise existing qualitative studies. Eight studies conducted in Sub-Saharan African and South Asian countries namely South Africa, Uganda, Ghana, Kenya, India and Malawi were included, and three main themes were identified; mothers' reaction to their baby's death, care and support after perinatal death, and coping strategies in the absence of care and support. Perinatal death was not appropriately acknowledged therefore care and support was inadequate and, in some cases, non-existent. Consequently, mothers resorted to adopting coping strategies as they were unable to express their grief. There is insufficient care and support for women following perinatal death in high burden settings. Further research is required into the care and support being given by healthcare professionals and families in high burden settings, thereby ultimately aiding the development of guidance on perinatal bereavement care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The purpose of this study is to develop an entrepreneurship education framework in schools, which can be used as a basis for planning the country's education managers. Methods: this research is practical and data collection and analysis has been done based on meta-synthesis approach Results: In this research, according to the meta-synthesis approach, 759 valid published articles were investigated between 1956 and 2021. After refining and controlling the quality of texts, 77 articles were used for coding and analysis. Conclusion: the extracted codes were synthesized and it led to 51 concepts and eight topics. These topics include: volunteers’ participation in entrepreneurship education, methods of entrepreneurship education, supporting entrepreneurship education, entrepreneurship education in other subjects, the acquired skills, the acquired attitudes, the acquired knowledge, and the method of evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The circular economy as a new non-linear and circular view in the fields of production and consumption has been able to create many benefits for its supporters and has attracted the attention of many researchers, companies, countries and business decision makers.This research has tried to develop this concept with the aim of comprehensively identifying the dimensions and effective factors in the circular economy at the macro, miso and micro levels.The present study is applied in terms of purpose and meta-synthesis qualitative method has been used to screen the characteristics. Published articles related to the circular economy ranged from 2015 to February 2020(search date).A total of 346 English language articles were obtained, of which 113 articles were related to the Web of Science database and 233 articles were related to the Scopus scientific database and after going through the meta-synthesis steps, 104 articles were finally studied. According to the three levels of circular economy, analysis of extracted topics, in the form of goal, strategy, components, requirements, enablers, tools, evaluation indicators, key success factors and classification facilitators dimensions and were presented in the conceptual model. In order to evaluate the agreement between the research codings, SPSS software and kappa test were used and the value of kappa coefficient was 0.847, which indicates the agreement between codings. Among the suggestions of the research, we can mention the education and awareness of the society, the formulation of support standards, the legal and ownership ambiguity of the industrial partnership, and retargeting based on the interests of the environment and society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The rate of infertility is increasing day by day. According to studies conducted worldwide, 30 million men are diagnosed with infertility. Cases of infertility are often associated with a failure to become male in society. Procreation and gender roles are often closely linked so that infertile men are often considered the second sex. Sometimes, this condition makes men question their masculinity. Methods: We performed a systematic review and metasynthesis with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guideline procedure on qualitative studies on ten databases exploring the experience of infertile men and their association with masculinity. Results: Twenty-four studies matched our question, and there are two major themes with eight subthemes that were obtained from the results of the metasynthesis of these studies. The impact of this gender issue is huge on men’s health and their social interactions. As a result, gender issues provide a space for debate and a burden on men. Sometimes, men develop mental health problems. The topic of masculinity and infertility is at odds with feminism and is susceptible to the societal stigma that results from the hegemonic conception of masculinity. Interestingly, the men must accept reality and follow the treatment process for infertility, although it affects their psychological well-being. Conclusions: These findings provide insight for physicians, as treating infertility requires a multidisciplinary team that does not only address procreation issues. Social issues related to gender roles often bring patients into harmful and dangerous conditions. To address the gender issue in men globally in several dimensions, however, a large study in various populations is still required.

Meta-analyses and metasyntheses perform a crucial role in advancing a field of study by highlighting themes and patterns that emerge from a large body of research, yet they remain utilized research methods in the psychology of men and masculinities. Therefore, in this special issue on research syntheses in the psychology of men and masculinities, we showcase three metasynthetic studies and four meta-analytic studies that address men's victimization experiences with sexual violence, experience of breast cancer, and male friendships; the links between paternal and child anxiety and depression symptoms; and the connections between masculinities and violence, sexism, and muscularity concerns. We provide guidance on best practices in conducting research syntheses, summarize key findings from the studies in this special issue, and identify future directions for meta-analytic and metasynthetic research in the psychology of men and masculinities. Public Significance Statement: Meta-analyses and metasyntheses are useful research methods for summarizing themes and patterns in the psychology of men and masculinities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The rate of infertility is increasing day by day. According to studies conducted worldwide, 30 million men are diagnosed with infertility. Cases of infertility are often associated with a failure to become male in society. Procreation and gender roles are often closely linked so that infertile men are often considered the second sex. Sometimes, this condition makes men question their masculinity. Methods: We performed a systematic review and metasynthesis with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guideline procedure on qualitative studies on ten databases exploring the experience of infertile men and their association with masculinity. Results: Twenty-four studies matched our question, and there are two major themes with eight subthemes that were obtained from the results of the metasynthesis of these studies. The impact of this gender issue is huge on men’s health and their social interactions. As a result, gender issues provide a space for debate and a burden on men. Sometimes, men develop mental health problems. The topic of masculinity and infertility is at odds with feminism and is susceptible to the societal stigma that results from the hegemonic conception of masculinity. Interestingly, the men must accept reality and follow the treatment process for infertility, although it affects their psychological well-being. Conclusions: These findings provide insight for physicians, as treating infertility requires a multidisciplinary team that does not only address procreation issues. Social issues related to gender roles often bring patients into harmful and dangerous conditions. To address the gender issue in men globally in several dimensions, however, a large study in various populations is still required.

Background: Amid all public health measures to contain COVID-19, the most challenging has been how to break the transmission chain. This has been even more challenging in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). A public health emergency warrants a public health perspective, which comes down to prevention. Rapid mass testing has been advocated throughout the pandemic as a way to promptly deal with asymptomatic infections, but its usefulness in LMICs is yet to be fully understood. Objective: The study objectives of this paper are to (1) investigate the impact of the different rapid mass testing options for SARS-CoV-2 that have been delivered at point of care in LMICs and (2) evaluate the diagnostic safety (accuracy) of rapid mass testing for SARS-CoV-2 in LMICs. Methods: This review will systematically search records in PubMed, EBSCOhost, Cochrane library, Global Index Medicus COVID-19 Register, and Scopus. Records will be managed using Mendeley reference manager and SWIFT-Review. Risk of bias for randomized controlled trials will be assessed using the RoB 2 assessment tool, while nonrandomized interventions will be assessed using the tool developed by the Evidence Project. A narrative approach will be used to synthesize data under the first objective, and either a meta-analysis or synthesis without meta-analysis for the second objective. Tables, figures, and textual descriptions will be used to present findings. The overall body of evidence for the first objective will be assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation-Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative research (GRADE-CERQual) approach, and for the second objective using GRADE. Results: The screening of records has been finalized. We hope to finalize the synthesis by the end of February 2023 and to prepare the manuscript for publication by April 2023. The study will be reported in accordance with standard guidelines for the reporting of systematic reviews. Review results will be disseminated through conferences and their peer-reviewed publication in a relevant journal. Conclusions: This review highlights the role of a preventive approach in infection control using rapid mass testing. It also flags the overriding need to involve users and providers in the evaluation of such tests in the settings for which they are intended. This will be the first review to the best of our knowledge to generate both qualitative and quantitative evidence regarding rapid mass testing specific to LMICs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

since the middle of the 19th century until now, there are have been many discussions around the principles of modern design, and many design history books have explained and developed these principles. But there are two problems in those works: first, there is no comprehensive consensus about these principles and the second problem is that the historiography and stylistics of modern design, influenced by the forms of creationism based on genius, illustrate an apparently coherent narrative of the principles of modern design which is completely authorcentered (by Author we mean all creators like artists and designers) and relies on the genius, author's intention, and the final meaning of the work. However, this form is rejected by various schools, nowadays. Considering these two issues, the question of the current research is "What are the modern design principles?" and " under the influence of what contextual factors these principles were formed?". To find the answer, the principles of the modern design have been categorized into seven items, using the metasynthesis method. In the next step, this research has dealt with the genealogy of the extracted principles (focal categories) by leaving aside the modern paradigm of creativity and modern theoretical horizons, relying on new findings of creativity. The genealogy of principles shows that modern principles and meta-narrations have not been created based on the author's intention but in a bilateral interaction between the formal language and the transformations and inconsistencies that occurred in the social and cultural field of the design. This formation is historical and has happened over a long period of time. These principles are not only related to the overall sociocultural context of design, but each of them somehow behaves like a context and a peripheral force for other principles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Islamic finance, developed on the basis of Sharia principles, can benefit from the FinTech technologies. FinTech has been a beneficial innovation for the financial services industry, especially by reaching diverse groups of customers leading to the improvement of the level of financial participations. Islamic FinTech has paved the way for the development of innovative products in accordance with Sharia, thus benefitting the Islamic consumers and creating more competitive advantage for the Islamic financial sector. The purpose of this research is to identify the challenges and opportunities of Islamic financial technology. For this purpose, a systematic evaluation and analysis of 270previously found cases have been done through qualitative research and metasynthesis including the 7 steps of Sandelowski and Barroso. At the end, the opinions of 10 experts and professors were collected by a questionnaire in 2022 and the quantitative entropy method was used to determine the coefficient effect of identified challenges and opportunities. Finally, the challenges and opportunities that have the greatest impact on "Islamic financial technology" have been the use of ethically oriented skilled people for specialized matters, the increase of automatic interaction with customers in order to improve services, the integration of the systems and the connection between customers and all banking operations, and absence of any time limit for performing banking services in the field of Islamic finance.

Introduction The tourism industry is recognized as an asset for economic growth and poverty reduction in developing countries. World Tourism Organization reports show that the tourism industry is a leader in job creation. Many natural, cultural, and historical assets in developing countries create a comparative advantage in the tourism industry, hence a potential source of income for emerging economies. Sustainable tourism development is not possible without economic or social activities. The tourism industry is considered not only as the most extensive service industry at the global level but also as an essential job-creating industry. The concept of ecosystem captures the actors that are interdependent and make up the industry. The tourism ecosystem is a powerful tool for understanding the relationship between nature, society, and business. It can create competition and economically stimulate the development of the tourism industry. The tourism ecosystem achieves sustainable development by upgrading existing markets and creating new ones. Therefore, the tourism ecosystem can help achieve the objective of fostering economic and social development of a given geographical area. Attending to the sustainable tourism ecosystem can also bring about the satisfaction of tourists and residents in tourist areas. The development of the tourism industry can lead to economic development and improvement of infrastructure. In this respect, the sustainable tourism ecosystem can play an essential role, paving the way for new opportunities in less developed areas. Materials and Methods As a developmental–applied, descriptive, and exploratory research, the present study used a mixed methods research design incorporating both qualitative and quantitative data. Concerning the qualitative aspect, the meta-synthesis approach was used. Then, in the quantitative stage, the Shannon entropy method was employed to determine the coefficients of the identified factors. Hypertext is a method used here to review, synthesize, and evaluate past studies. In other words, the meta-synthesis approach examines the results obtained from other studies, leading to more new results. The data of the present study included the previous researches on the factors affecting sustainable tourism ecosystems. Having applied the purposeful sampling method, the research selected 39 studies as the final set of data. Then, the seven-step method proposed by Sandelowski and Barroso was used for conducting the meta-synthesis. Results and Discussion All the factors extracted from the previous studies were coded. Then, the similar items were grouped around one concept. The analysis of the studies finally resulted in 3 code axes, 7 categories, and 37 concepts related to the sustainable tourism ecosystem. Conclusion The sustainable tourism ecosystem not only contributes to the economic growth but also strengthens the culture of communities. The tourism ecosystem ensures that future generations have sustainable access to resources and fair opportunities. This study aimed to present a model of the sustainable tourism ecosystem by relying on the meta-synthesis approach. The meta-synthesis of the previous studies resulted in 37 concepts categorized under seven categories, which were grouped into three general categories: business-related factors, external industry-related factors, and industry-related micro-factors. The identified factors, in order of importance, included human capital training, culture, personal characteristics, networking and markets, investment and financing, legislation and policies, and infrastructure. Highlighting the interaction with markets, networking was found to be an essential factor in the sustainable tourism ecosystem. It is thus necessary to pay attention to the needs of stakeholders and involve them in processes. Moreover, the transformation of the traditional economy into a sharing economy has led to value creation and networking. However, it faces wide-ranging challenges, which can be tackled through culture-building and a transparent and cohesive legal framework between relevant institutions. Investing in tourism requires the development of economic infrastructure, the appropriate social conditions, and the improvement of political relations with other countries. To eliminate the barriers necessitates appropriate strategies, such as cooperation with foreign investors and allocation of funds for tourism development. Relying on the meta-synthesis approach and the Shannon entropy method, this research provided an integrated model of the sustainable tourism ecosystem, which is particularly relevant for the subject under study and the concepts extracted.

The purpose of the present study is to develop a model of posttraumatic growth according to positive psychology in cancer survivors. The research purpose was applied and was a qualitative and meta-synthesis. The statistical population was both foreign and domestic research articles published about the title of the research between 2005 and 2021. Science Direct, Springer, Google Scholar, Taylor & Francis, Noormags, Magiran, SID, and Civilica databases were used to access these studies. By reviewing 10,000 articles, 10 related studies that met the criteria were selected. In synthesizing the research findings, 6 main components were finally identified: psychological capital, self-compassion, meaning in life, spirituality, gratitude, and love. To evaluate the validity of the data research, the four assessment criteria proposed by Lincoln and Guba were credibility, transferability, reliability and confirmability, as well as Cohen's kappa coefficient.These extracted concepts are introduced in positive psychology and especially in character strength. In fact, these concepts are a set of thoughts, actions, and strengths that cancer survivors have used with regard to posttraumatic growth. The results of this study may provide appropriate insights in the context of positive psychology for medical and mental health professionals dealing with cancer patients and may be effective in developing intervention packages according to the needs of this group.

Background: Men are believed to be underrepresented in eating disorder services; there are many reasons presented to account for this such as a lack of recognition and detection. Due to the physical and psychological complexity of an eating disorder it is important to understand this underrepresentation. This qualitative evidence synthesis aimed to explore the literature relating to men's experiences of an eating disorder, in order to synthesise the findings and offer a more coherent understanding. Method: A systematic search of the literature was undertaken. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to the findings resulting in 14 papers deemed suitable for inclusion. A Meta-Ethnographic approach to synthesising the data of the 89 participants was undertaken. Results: Four themes were identified: 'Societal Construction of the Perfect Male'; 'Striving to Maintain a Masculine Identity'; 'The Interconnectedness of Control and Self-Worth', and 'The Hidden Man'. There appeared to be an underlying concept relating to the conflict of being a man, with what is perceived to be a 'woman's illness' and how this challenged the men's experiences of masculinity. Conclusions: Being a man with an eating disorder conflicted with societal norms, exacerbating their experience of having an eating disorder.. To resolve this, gendered norms need to shift, at societal level as well as considering how best to improve understanding and recognition of men with an eating disorder at the first point of help seeking. Plain English Summary: Men are underrepresented in eating disorder (ED) services; are less likely to notice symptoms of an ED, and have this identified by professionals. To date, there has been limited research into the male experience of ED's and this appears to be related to a difficulty with getting men involved in studies, as well as the lack of men in services. This review synthesised the existing literature, and four themes were generated: 'Societal Construction of the Perfect Male'; 'Striving to Maintain a Masculine Identity'; 'The Interconnectedness of Control and Self-Worth', and 'The Hidden Man'. The results highlighted that the male experience is complex and influenced by societal assumptions and gender norms. EDs are predominately seen as a 'women's illness', which affected the male experience in many ways but most importantly it prevented help seeking and recognition of eating disorders in men, arguably impacting their access to treatment. It is important to change the expectations we place upon men; enabling them to ask for help when needed in ways we allow women. Addressing societal pressures, combined with targeted training to improve understanding at the first point of seeking help, ensuring appropriate recognition of an ED and timely intervention for men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ObjectivesWe aimed to identify, appraise, and synthesise the qualitative literature to develop theory on heroism and paramedic practice.Hypothesis/research questionWhat does published literature tell us about heroism and paramedic practice?SettingParamedics and other healthcare workers (HCWs) faced an outpouring of public support for them early in the COVID-19 pandemic which brought into focus the relationship between them and society, where they are portrayed as heroes.ParticipantsWe conducted a metasynthesis using Evolved Grounded Theory and procedural guidelines of Noblit and Hare to guide analysis. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) guidelines were also applied.Results151 papers were retrieved and eleven included in the final sample. Studies were moderate to very low quality, involving a wide range of methodologies and settings; none specifically explored heroism and paramedic practice. The following interrelated themes were constructed on heroism and paramedic practice: (a) Myth, Folk law, and storytelling in heroism and paramedic practice (b) The epic journey of heroism and paramedic practice (c) Heroes and Zeroes: The fluctuating Societal Value in heroism and paramedic practice (d) Politicisation, and objectification in Heroism and Paramedic practice.ConclusionParamedics have long been characterised as heroes, but this may not reflect their everyday experiences. Heroism in paramedic practice can provide scripts for prosocial action, inspiring others, and leading to more social heroic actions. Paramedics may however be ambivalent to such heroism narratives, due to politicisation, and objectification in the media and society. This metasynthesis is only one of many possible constructions of heroism and paramedic practice and is the first point in making sense of and developing theory on heroism and paramedic practice.Study registrationPROSPERO: CRD42021234851.

Objective Government data contains a large amount of valuable data that can be exploited in various fields if opened. Utilizing open government data, in addition to providing the opportunity to monitor government performance and to create transparency and justice, has another very important function. It helps with developing innovation and the issue has recently been considered by many researchers. However, past research has inconsistently examined the intra-organizational factors influencing open government data to achieve innovation. The present study seeks to identify the intra-organizational factors affecting open government data to achieve innovation in government services through applying the systematic metacombination method. Methods In this research, to identify the intra-organizational factors affecting open government data, the systematic meta-synthesis method was used. For this purpose, 888 related articles based on title, abstract and content were filtered and 51 final articles were obtained. Results Based on the results obtained from the theme analysis method, four main categories including technological, managerial, human, and governance dimensions were distinguished. Also, 13 sub-categories including infrastructure, application systems, data, structural, process, strategic, economic, individual, organizational communication, organizational culture, policy, legal, and governance data were extracted which includes 101 concepts and 479 final codes. Conclusion The results of this study, contrary to the initial expectations, proved hard technological factors as the least important and other factors, including data, structural and legal factors, respectively as the most important. Thus, in data policies, first, it’s necessary to access data and consider the data quality. In structural policies, it is necessary to pay attention to how to mobilize resources and facilities. In strategic policies, how to interact with stakeholders is vital to be explained. Based on the findings of this research, the internal organizational factors affecting the formation of innovation based on open government data were classified into four main categories for better policy-making. In the category of technology, it is necessary to consider the technical and technological principles of open data from the aspect of required infrastructure, application systems, and data sources. In the management category, it is necessary to pay attention to structural and process requirements along with strategic and economic aspects. In the human category that examines the soft aspects, it is necessary to pay attention to the issue of open data from individual perspectives, communication, and organizational culture. In the category of governance, policy aspects, organizational rules, and factors related to data governance need to be considered with the aim of achieving innovation from open government data. Therefore, the present study initially tried to provide a comprehensive framework for policy-making in government institutions by interpreting and presenting a new category of internal factors. Secondly, it sought to smooth the path of future research to expand and spread innovation based on open data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has a critical role in stress response including neuropsychiatric disorders that are precipitated by stress, such as major depressive disorder (MDD). BDNF acts through its full length BDNF receptor, tyrosine kinase B (TrkB), to trigger a pro-plasticity effect. In contrast, the truncated isoform of the BDNF receptor (TrkB.t1) triggers an anti-plasticity effect. In stress outcomes, BDNF acting in the hippocampus has a stress resilient effect, whereas BDNF in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) promotes stress susceptibility. It is unknown if BDNF-TrkB acts on a specific NAc projection subtype or medium spiny neuron (MSN) subtype, in stress outcomes. To determine this, we performed chronic social or a vicarious witness defeat stress (CSDS or CWDS) in mice expressing TrkB.t1 in dopamine receptor 1 or 2 containing MSNs (D1- or D2-MSNs). Our results showed that TrkB.t1 overexpression in NAc D2-MSNs prevented the CSDS-induced social avoidance or other stress susceptible behaviors in male and female mice. Further, we showed that this overexpression in D2-MSNs blocked stress susceptible behavior induced by intra-NAc BDNF infusion. In contrast, our results demonstrate that overexpression of TrkB.t1 on NAc D1-MSNs facilitates the SDS susceptible behaviors. Our study provides enhanced understanding of NAc cell subtype roles of BDNF-TrkB signaling in stress outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Les violences sexuelles sont un problème majeur de santé publique. Leur révélation à un professionnel de santé pourrait permettre de réduire leur impact dans la vie des victimes. L'objectif de cette métasynthèse, associant revue systématique et analyse des études qualitatives, était d'explorer la littérature qualitative concernant l'expérience de révélation des violences sexuelles subies dans l'enfance par les victimes auprès d'un professionnel de santé. Quatre bases de données et deux journaux ont été utilisées (Medline, PsycINFO, EMBASE, SSCI, Journal of Sexual Abuse et Child Abuse and Neglect) afin d'identifier les études portant sur la révélation de violences sexuelles aux professionnels de santé du point de vue des victimes et des professionnels de santé. La qualité méthodologique des articles a été évaluée par la « Critical Appraisal Skills Programme ». Une analyse thématique des données extraites a ensuite été réalisée. Vingt-six articles ont été inclus, couvrant les données de 673 participants (333 victimes adultes au moment de l'étude, 122 victimes mineures au moment de l'étude et 218 professionnels de santé). L'analyse thématique a produit trois thèmes : (1) révéler ou ne pas révéler à un professionnel de santé, (2) le récit de la révélation par les participants et (3) aspect positif et négatif de la révélation. Nos résultats montrent que les professionnels de santé et les victimes mineures ont un vécu plutôt négatif de l'expérience de révélation qui pourrait se potentialiser et entraver le processus de révélation, alors que certaines victimes adultes reconnaissent rétrospectivement l'importance et l'impact positif que la révélation a eu pour eux. Cette étude permet de dégager des perspectives de recherches dans le champ pédopsychiatrique ainsi que de formuler des propositions cliniques concrètes, en particulier l'implication de victimes adultes dans la sensibilisation et la formation des professionnels de santé concernés. Child sexual abuse is a major public health issue, and disclosure of such abuse to a healthcare professional could mitigate its impact on the survivor's life. Qualitative studies are relevant in this context, focusing as they do on the lived experience of the stakeholders, victims and professionals. We aimed to conduct a metasynthesis, i.e. a systematic review and analysis of qualitative studies, exploring the qualitative literature about the lived experience of child's sexual abuse disclosure. Four databases and two journals were screened (Medline, PsycINFO, EMBASE, SSCI, Journal of Sexual Abuse and Child Abuse and Neglect) so as to identify studies concerning the lived experience of child sexual abuse disclosure from the point of view of survivors or healthcare professionals or both. We used the "Critical Appraisal Skills Program" to assess the methodological quality of each article and performed a thematic analysis of the data extracted to identify key themes and synthesize them. Twenty-six articles were included, covering data from 673 participants (333 survivors, adult at the time of the study; 122 survivors still minor at the time of the study and 218 health professionals). Data analysis produced three themes: (1) to reveal or not to reveal, (2) the narrative of the disclosure by the participants, (3) positive and negative outcomes of the disclosure. Our results show that, on the one hand, health professionals and minor survivors both have a negative experience of disclosure that could impede the process. On the other hand, some adult survivors underlined the importance and the positive impact of such disclosure to a healthcare professional. We identified a gap in the literature regarding disclosure of such abuse within child and adolescent psychiatry services and drew research perspectives. Concrete clinical implications can also be drawn from our results, especially the involvement of adult survivors within the training of concerned healthcare professionals so as to raise awareness among them and help them better cope with the disclosure process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maturity models assess the prevailing capability level and proffer the necessary capabilities for effective adoption in a systematic roadmap. This is considered essential to achieve diffusion of the emerging technologies. The paper provides a guide to maturity model development in the digitisation era. This study adopted scientometrics and meta-synthesis to critically review and provide guidance on maturity model development. Firstly, bibliographic data was collected from the Scopus database and analysed using Scientometrics. Secondly, developed BIM maturity models were critically reviewed. The study identified areas of maturity model deployment and the industries of deployment. It also identified the present areas of deployment of maturity models. The second aspect critically reviewed selected BIM maturity models through stated parameters and outlined the necessary criteria for maturity model development. Maturity model is widely adopted to achieve optimisation and proper assessment in various industries. The study identified the industries where it is deployed and identified the areas of maturity model deployment in the digitisation era. In addition, it was observed that some existing BIM maturity models do not conform to the various requirements expected of a maturity model. The study is unique in the methods adopted to achieve its results. Also, it identified the areas of maturity model deployment. The study is helpful as it provides the criteria for maturity model development hereafter, while also helping BIM users choose among the existing BIM maturity models. The study is crucial for proper maturity model development in the digitisation era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ObjectiveSexual abuse is a major public health problem. Its disclosure to a health professional could help to reduce its impact on survivors’ lives. The objective of this metasynthesis, combining a systematic review and an analysis of the qualitative studies, was to explore the qualitative literature concerning the experience of a survivor disclosing sexual violence experienced in childhood to a health professional, from the perspective of both.Methods and Data SourcesWe used four databases and two journals (Medline, PsycINFO, EMBASE, and SSCI, and the Journal of Sexual Abuse and Child Abuse and Neglect) to identify studies concerning this disclosure of sexual abuse to healthcare professionals from the point of view of the survivors and the health professionals. After assessing the methodological quality of the articles with the “Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP),” we conducted a thematic analysis of the data extracted during the review.ResultsThis review includes 20 articles, covering the data of 612 participants: 291 who were adults at the time of the study but abused in childhood, 152 minors, 14 parents of adolescents, and 155 healthcare professionals. Two themes emerged from the analysis: (1) the disclosure as experienced by the professionals, and (2) the disclosure as experienced by the survivors.ConclusionOur results show that survivors had a diachronic approach to the experience of disclosure. They suggest a change over time in how survivors experience disclosure: relief and release were seen only among the adult participants, at a distance from — long after — the disclosure. This study made it possible to identify new perspectives for research in the field of child psychiatry and to formulate concrete clinical proposals, in particular, by applying the principle of patient experts to involve now-adult survivors in training and increase the awareness of the healthcare professionals concerned.

Purpose: It is impossible to increase the use of information resources in libraries and provide user-centered information services without understanding how users select and search for information resources. selecting information sources involves identifying a subset of available information sources that best meet the information needs of users. Selecting the right source of information has a significant effect on whether the source is read or not. On the other hand, acquisition, organizing resources, and arranging them in libraries, as well as designing an efficient and user-friendly user interface that supports book selection, requires sufficient knowledge of resource selection behaviors by users; This is what not sufficiently known in Iran. Thus, this study aimed to identify the components and dimensions of the selection behavior of information resources of public library users and to design the relevant conceptual model. Method: The present research is a meta-synthesis study that was conducted with a qualitative approach, using the seven-step Sandelowski and Barroso method. The research population consists of articles and dissertations published in seven Persian databases and eight international databases between 2000 and 2020 (1379 to 1399 SH). Out of 7560 identified sources, 35 sources were approved under the Vital Skills Assessment Program. The codes were extracted from the articles and the reliability of the coding was assessed using the kappa coefficient. Findings: A total of 176 codes including 26 concepts were extracted and categorized under five categories as follows: user-related factors (including source selection objectives, tasks, and needs, personality traits and user life, demographic characteristics, interest and emotion, previous user experiences, reasons for interaction or relationship with books, selection strategies and costs); book-related factors (including appearance features, bibliographic elements, content elements, content quality, storybook content, book style, language and relevance, popularity, and distinction); library-related factors (facilities, shelves, and arrangement of books and ancillary programs); barriers and restrictions (including individual, library and community barriers and restrictions); and recommendations and theatrical productions of works (including direct and indirect recommendations and theatrical productions of works). According to the findings, a user, depending on his situation, spends time and money under the influence of the library environment and its facilities, and examines and selects a source in terms of various appearance and content features, and communicates with that source (book) and reads it for reasons such as the overall perceived attractiveness of a book, being engaged with the story in the book, the atmosphere of the book, the personal experience narrated by the characters, and so on. Influenced by the recommendations and theatrical productions of works, he may face obstacles in choosing the source that have been created by himself, library or the community. Originality/value: The model of information resource selection behavior of public library members is indicative of the complexity and effectiveness of this behavior from a wide range of factors, including individual differences, physical and content characteristics of the book, and environmental factors. The designed model can be used as a basis for a broad survey of users’ information resource selection behavior in physical and virtual environments, as well as as a guide to collection building, space designing, and service designing in libraries, compilation of resources, and designing the appearance and structure of books by authors and publishers.

Abstract Background There has been a considerable increase in the number of traditional and complementary medicine (T&CM) practitioners over the past 20 years and in some jurisdictions are estimated to outnumber general practitioners. Despite this globally significant role, it is apparent that worldwide not all T&CM professions operate under adequate accountability and regulatory oversight for maintaining public protection. To date there has been no published systematic examination of stakeholder opinions regarding regulated and unregulated T&CM occupations. In response, this review aims to investigate, describe, and analyse attitudes held by a range of stakeholder groups towards the regulation of T&CM professions. Methods A database search of AMED, CINAHL, Embase, Ovid MEDLINE, ProQuest, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar was conducted for original research published between 2000 and 2020 on stakeholder opinions regarding the regulation of T&CM professions. Results Sixty studies across 15 countries reported on the views of six health care stakeholder groups: consumers, T&CM practitioners, conventional medicine practitioners, professional associations, education providers, and policy-makers. Across all stakeholder groups there was between 15% and 95% (median 61%) support for, and 1% to 57% (median 14%) opposition to the regulation of various T&CM professions. The main reasons for supporting regulation included providing greater public protection, raising training and practice standards, establishing title protection, and gaining acceptance from conventional medicine providers. Concerns regarding regulation included potential restrictions to practice, misappropriation of practice, and medical oversight of T&CM practitioners. Few studies canvassed the views of professional associations (n = 6), education providers (n = 2), and policy-makers (n = 2). Conclusions There appears to be broad support for the regulation of T&CM professions, although there was wide variation in attitudes as to how this should be applied. Further research, with a particular focus on policy-makers, education providers, and professional associations, is critical to inform appropriate health policy and practice recommendations relating to T&CM professional regulation across jurisdictions. Systematic review registration: the a priori protocol for this systematic review was registered in PROSPERO and is available at: www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.asp?ID=CRD42020198767 .

Issues In substance use disorder, connection to social communities plays a significant role in the recovery process. The aim here has been to identify and synthesise the qualitative research examining the process of social recovery from a first‐person perspective and how social communities assist in this process. Approach: Metasynthesis using the following databases: CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Scopus, SocIndex and Web of Science. The search returned 6913 original articles, of which 18 met the following criteria: examining the experience of social recovery from a first‐person perspective and how social communities support this process, age of 18+, recovery of at least 12 months, in an English‐language peer‐reviewed journal. Review protocol registration: PROSPERO (CRD42020190159). Key Findings: The persons in recovery emphasised communities that they perceived as being safe and non‐stigmatising. These are qualities that contributed to positive self‐change, and these communities were perceived as suitable arenas in which to confront responsibility and trust. Additionally, participants found that their relationship skills were improving due to the new social bonds forged in these communities. A sense of citizenship was gained along with a regaining of social dignity through voluntary work and giving back to society. Implications: The pivotal role of the social community identified in this review underscores the importance of recognising and supporting persons in recovery's needs when connecting with such communities Conclusion: We propose a four‐stage model to guide research into social recovery from a first‐person perspective and how social communities support this process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although forced displacement may lead to many adverse psychological problems, this experience may also result in positive psychological consequences. Given the increasing disturbance in countries, many people are forcibly displaced, a comprehensive understanding of the posttraumatic growth (PTG) experiences of refugees is warranted. In this study, we examined 12 primary studies exploring PTG among refugees using the qualitative metasynthesis method. Our analysis of the primary studies consisting of 319 adults revealed four themes: (a) improved psychologic functioning; (b) enhanced interpersonal relationships; (c) reconstruction of the meaning of life; and (d) positive future direction. These findings indicate that no matter how traumatic experiences are painful, people can hold on to life, build a new life, and grow from adversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There has been a considerable increase in the number of traditional and complementary medicine (T&CM) practitioners over the past 20 years and in some jurisdictions are estimated to outnumber general practitioners. Despite this globally significant role, it is apparent that worldwide not all T&CM professions operate under adequate accountability and regulatory oversight for maintaining public protection. To date there has been no published systematic examination of stakeholder opinions regarding regulated and unregulated T&CM occupations. In response, this review aims to investigate, describe, and analyse attitudes held by a range of stakeholder groups towards the regulation of T&CM professions. Methods: A database search of AMED, CINAHL, Embase, Ovid MEDLINE, ProQuest, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar was conducted for original research published between 2000 and 2020 on stakeholder opinions regarding the regulation of T&CM professions. Results: Sixty studies across 15 countries reported on the views of six health care stakeholder groups: consumers, T&CM practitioners, conventional medicine practitioners, professional associations, education providers, and policy-makers. Across all stakeholder groups there was between 15% and 95% (median 61%) support for, and 1% to 57% (median 14%) opposition to the regulation of various T&CM professions. The main reasons for supporting regulation included providing greater public protection, raising training and practice standards, establishing title protection, and gaining acceptance from conventional medicine providers. Concerns regarding regulation included potential restrictions to practice, misappropriation of practice, and medical oversight of T&CM practitioners. Few studies canvassed the views of professional associations (n = 6), education providers (n = 2), and policy-makers (n = 2). Conclusions: There appears to be broad support for the regulation of T&CM professions, although there was wide variation in attitudes as to how this should be applied. Further research, with a particular focus on policy-makers, education providers, and professional associations, is critical to inform appropriate health policy and practice recommendations relating to T&CM professional regulation across jurisdictions. Systematic review registration: the a priori protocol for this systematic review was registered in PROSPERO and is available at: www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.asp?ID=CRD42020198767. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim of the Study: There is currently no meta-synthesis focused on the lived experiences of health-care providers during COVID-19. This meta-synthesis adds to evidence-based literature with an in-depth exploration of how health-care providers responded to the COVID-19 crisis. Materials and Methods: The meta-synthesis approach was used for the extraction and synthesis of data. Results: Fifteen qualitative research articles were identified and analyzed; the majority of which were done in China 7 (48%) and Iran 6 (40%). The total sample size was 383, and the majority of the samples were nurses 282 (74%). Three overarching themes identified were "It is my duty," "I am exhausted and about to fall," and "I have overcome it." The subthemes were professional responsibility, challenges faced, the unexpected burden at work, self-coping and reflection, hospital support, government support, and social support. Conclusion: The recommendations for the policy-makers, put forward by the current study are; designing and engineering effective personal protective equipment (lightweight protective suit with long-lasting durable diapers and face masks with a portal for drinking juice or water), rostering minimal working hours, live-in care facilities, exclusion of pregnant and sick health care providers during an epidemic assignment and frequent outbreak training sessions for all department staff. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Midwifery Units (MUs) are associated with optimal perinatal outcomes, improved service users' and professionals' satisfaction as well as being the most cost-effective option. However, they still do not represent the mainstream option of maternity care in many countries. Understanding effective strategies to integrate this model of care into maternity services could support and inform the MU implementation process that many countries and regions still need to approach.Methods: A systematic search and screening of qualitative and quantitative research about implementation of new MUs was conducted (Prospero protocol reference: CRD42019141443) using PRISMA guidelines. Included articles were appraised using the CASP checklist. A meta-synthesis approach to analysis was used. No exclusion criteria for time or context were applied to ensure inclusion of different implementation attempts even under different historical and social circumstances. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to reflect the major contribution of higher quality studies.Results: From 1037 initial citations, twelve studies were identified for inclusion in this review after a screening process. The synthesis highlighted two broad categories: implementation readiness and strategies used. The first included aspects related to cultural, organisational and professional levels of the local context whilst the latter synthesised the main actions and key points identified in the included studies when implementing MUs. A logic model was created to synthesise and visually present the findings.Conclusions: The studies selected were from a range of settings and time periods and used varying strategies. Nonetheless, consistencies were found across different implementation processes. These findings can be used in the systematic scaling up of MUs and can help in addressing barriers at system, service and individual levels. All three levels need to be addressed when implementing this model of care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This metasynthesis reviews and synthesizes the existing qualitative research on adolescent well-being, with explicit attention to how context shapes girls' well-being. Well-being can be understood as a product of transactions between the individual and their context. Using qualitative research, this metasynthesis shows that girls face several threats to their well-being, often related to gender interwoven with the context in which girls operate. Methods: A Qualitative Metasynthesis was used. It included 10 qualitative studies. Results: Findings of this metasynthesis explain that context plays a relevant role in girls' access to resources and opportunities within families and communities. They show that context defines expectations on how girls should behave and spend their time, which often become stressors for girls. Girls examine their context and use it to set up ideals and compare themselves to others. These comparisons impact girls' self-image and structure aspects of their social life. Conclusions: Context and gender affect girls' well-being at different levels. Therefore, interventions and public policies should study the key factors girls identified as influencing their well-being, and address them using a multilevel rationale. Qualitative research can offer complex and illustrative insights on girls' well-being, exploring their perspectives and experiences, and shedding light on how interlocking systems of oppression affect their well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background The aim of this metasynthesis was to explore adult anorexia nervosa (AN) treatment experiences, including facilitators and barriers to treatment engagement and ways that questions of identity and personal agency were negotiated in treatment contexts. Methods From 14 qualitative studies that met the search criteria, this thematic synthesis analyzed the sensitized concept of identity in the participants’ experiences of AN treatments, including their sense of personal agency, and implications for their recovery. The study was registered with Prospero (ID: CRD42018089259) and is reported according to PRISMA guidelines. Results Three meta-themes were generated with the following key findings: grappling with identity, where collaborative and tailored interventions were positively experienced; the quality of the therapeutic relationship, which existed in a recursive relationship; and, rebuilding identity that included therapists standing with the person in recovering a sense of identity outside the anorexic identity. Importantly, interventions that failed to be negotiated with the person were experienced as disempowering however, where a two-way trust existed in the therapeutic relationship, it critically empowered and shaped participants’ sense of identity, and broadened the perception that they were valuable as a person. Conclusions There was consensus across the range of treatment contexts that individuals with a lived AN experience preferred treatments where they experienced (1) a sense of personal agency through tailored interventions; and (2) therapists who treated them as a person who, in the face of their struggles, had skills and capacities in the processes of recovering and rebuilding sustainable and preferred identities outside the AN identity.

Abstract Background The purpose of this systematic review (PROSPERO Ref: CRD42017053264) was to describe and interpret the qualitative research on parent’s decision-making and informed choice about their pregnancy and birth care. Given the growing evidence on the benefits of different models of maternity care and the prominence of informed choice in health policy, the review aimed to shed light on the research to date and what the findings indicate. Methods a systematic search and screening of qualitative research concerning parents’ decision-making and informed choice experiences about pregnancy and birth care was conducted using PRISMA guidelines. A meta-synthesis approach was taken for the extraction and analysis of data and generation of the findings. Studies from 1990s onwards were included to reflect an era of policies promoting choice in maternity care in high-income countries. Results Thirty-seven original studies were included in the review. A multi-dimensional conceptual framework was developed, consisting of three analytical themes (‘Uncertainty’, ‘Bodily autonomy and integrity’ and ‘Performing good motherhood’) and three inter-linking actions (‘Information gathering,’ ‘Aligning with a birth philosophy,’ and ‘Balancing aspects of a choice’). Conclusions Despite the increasing research on decision-making, informed choice is not often a primary research aim, and its development in literature published since the 1990s was difficult to ascertain. The meta-synthesis suggests that decision-making is a dynamic and temporal process, in that it is made within a defined period and invokes both the past, whether this is personal, familial, social or historical, and the future. Our findings also highlighted the importance of embodiment in maternal health experiences, particularly when it comes to decision-making about care. Policymakers and practitioners alike should examine critically current choice frameworks to ascertain whether they truly allow for flexibility in decision-making. Health systems should embrace more fluid, personalised models of care to augment service users’ decision-making agency.

Purpose: Invisible symptoms have a negative impact on people living with Multiple Sclerosis (MS), related to the very notion that they are "unseen." It is important to understand the notion of "invisibility" in MS, as invisible symptoms are particularly distressing, and there is a paucity of research focussing on their invisible nature and its specific impact. We aimed to systematically identify, appraise and synthesise qualitative research regarding the notion of "invisibility" in relation to people's lived experience of symptoms of MS. Methods and materials: Articles meeting inclusion criteria were critically appraised and synthesised using a meta-ethnographic approach. Results: 17 articles were identified from six electronic databases. Three third-order themes were presented as a line of argument. "Invisibility" was conceptualised by people with MS as a discrepancy between the internal experience of symptoms and what is observed externally. "Invisibility" of MS symptoms was found to have numerous impacts, including not feeling understood or validated by others, issues around the perceived legitimacy of the illness, and living with needs which are hidden. We found that "invisibility" by its nature offers people a choice of strategies they use to navigate it. This choice introduces a dilemma: disclose the diagnosis to be "seen," or remain "invisible." Conclusions: This review revealed the manner in which people with MS are affected by the invisibility of their symptoms and the various adaptations used to navigate these lived experiences. We highlight the need to improve clinician and public understanding, and to better respond to these experiences. Future research focusing on the exploration of people's experiences of "invisibility" in MS, including the ways in which "invisibility" is managed on a day-to-day basis could raise clinical and public awareness of the impact of "invisibility" and how to provide support for this, thus easing the dilemmas faced by those with MS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To systematically review and synthesise the qualitative literature on experiences that challenge self-identity following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Method: Four electronic databases were searched systematically for qualitative research published between 1965 and August 2017, investigating subjective experiences of identity change following TBI. Papers which met the inclusion criteria were evaluated using the Critical Skills Appraisal Programme (CASP) tool and synthesised using guidelines by Thomas and Harden (2008). Results: Of the 1965 papers retrieved, 36 met inclusion and quality criteria. Synthesis resulted in six themes: (1) awareness of change in physical, cognitive, emotional and social functioning; (2) autobiographical memory loss; (3) responses of other people that highlight change; (4) loss of autonomy; (5) comparing old me and new me-loss of valued roles and activities; (6) social rejection and stigma. Conclusions: An in-depth understanding of the experiences that challenge self-identity after TBI can inform rehabilitation to support individuals to negotiate these processes with less distress and more successfully. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background the perceptions and experiences of care home residents and their families are important for understanding and improving the quality of emergency care. Methods we conducted a systematic review and metasynthesis to understand the perceptions and experiences of care home residents and their family members who experienced medical emergencies in a care home setting. The review protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020167018). We searched five electronic databases, MEDLINE, CINAHL, PubMed, Cochrane Library and PsycINFO, supplemented with internet searches and forward and backward citation tracking from included studies and review articles. Data were synthesised thematically following the Thomas and Harden approach. The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme qualitative checklist was used to assess the quality of studies included in this review. Results of the 6,140 references retrieved, 10 studies from four countries (Australia, Canada, UK and USA) were included in the review and metasynthesis. All the included studies were assessed as being of good quality. Through an iterative approach, we developed six analytical themes: (i) infrastructure and process requirements in care homes to prevent and address emergencies; (ii) the decision to transfer to hospital; (iii) experiences of transfer and hospitalisation for older patients; (iv) good communication is vital for desirable outcomes; (v) legal, regulatory and ethical concerns and (vi) trusting relationships enabled residents to feel safe. Conclusions the emergency care experience for care home residents can be enhanced by ensuring resources, staff capacity and processes for high quality care and trusting relationships between staff, patients and relatives, underpinned by good communication and attention to ethical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We developed and applied metasynthesis methods to expand previously reported thematic descriptions of parents' internal definition of "being a good parent to my seriously ill child" as part of a larger study to examine parenting of children with serious illness. Our systematic approach included: literature search, purposeful selection of grounded theories regarding parenting a seriously ill child, study summaries, mapping evidence of good parent themes onto structural elements of grounded theory, cross-study comparisons, and theoretical memoing to summarize analytic insights. Twenty-five grounded theory studies from 32 reviewed reports reflected multiple conditions (n=5), countries (n=10) and family members (n=386 families). We report a worked example of the processes used to extend the original good parent themes and detail our processes through one good parent theme. The methods we describe are a promising approach to extend thematic analysis findings and advance thematic expansions toward development of more formal theoretical syntheses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although negative symptoms of psychosis are frequently researched, the subjective experience of these symptoms is not often studied in detail. This paper addresses this shortcoming by reviewing qualitative research about first-person perspectives on negative symptoms. A systematic literature search using Web of Science, Scopus, PsychArticles, PubMed, CiNAHL and Embase revealed 12 relevant studies. Our review yields a model with five clusters: failing social interactions; experiences of disconnection; overwhelming psychotic experiences; an eroded self-image; and detrimental side effects of psychotropic medication. In the discussion, the authors conclude that disturbances underlying negative symptoms should be studied in greater detail, starting explicitly from theoretical frameworks like phenomenology or psychoanalysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reform movement in statistics education has led to a revitalization of the undergraduate introductory statistics course. However, many students satisfy their degree requirements by taking statistics courses in “client departments” such as business, the social sciences, and the lab sciences, typically taught by non-statisticians. This article presents the findings of a metasynthesis of the existing literature on teaching statistics in these client disciplines to learn (1) what is currently being taught and how, and (2) the most important challenges for statistics teachers in other departments. Articles were reviewed using qualitative axial coding and quantitative text analysis to identify common research themes and ideas in the literature for each discipline. Research themes, attitudes toward statistics instruction, and pedagogical techniques were found to vary from discipline to discipline. Collaboration with instructors in other disciplines may be a welcome step toward improving statistics instruction across the university.

Introduction: Health literacy has been attended by UNESCO and all human societies from years ago. Due to the importance of this kind of literacy in individual and society health status, many studies have been conducted on the development of this type of literacy in various fields of health and medicine. Self-efficacy can help the people to promote their health literacy, and on the other hand, is related to the ability of individuals to maintain their own, family, and community health. This study reviewed the self-efficacy of health literacy and affecting factors in previous studies. Methods: The present study used a far-reaching approach to analyze the findings of qualitative studies on health literacy. After identifying the keywords and searching the internal and external databases including Magiran, Scientific Information Database (SID), and PubMed, 649 articles were found. By reviewing articles and applying language, years, and study type filters 25 papers were selected, and the categories were extracted using Shannon's table and Cohen's Kappa coefficient. Results: Codes were classified into three categories and eight concepts. The category of psychological factors included three concepts of self-management, individual skills, and social skills, the category of communication components included two concepts of communication and health information exchange, and the category of educational factors included three concepts of educational content and resources, educational barriers and constraints, and educational effectiveness. Codes such as self-efficacy, self-management, awareness of disease symptoms, and awareness of preventive measures had the most prevalence among various categories. Conclusion: In this study, factors affecting the self-efficacy of health literacy were identified, that could be used to plan effective health literacy training programs to promote health status.

Maturity models assess the prevailing capability level and proffer the necessary capabilities for effective adoption in a systematic roadmap. This is considered essential to achieve diffusion of the emerging technologies. The paper provides a guide to maturity model development in the digitisation era. This study adopted scientometrics and meta-synthesis to critically review and provide guidance on maturity model development. Firstly, bibliographic data was collected from the Scopus database and analysed using Scientometrics. Secondly, developed BIM maturity models were critically reviewed. The study identified areas of maturity model deployment and the industries of deployment. It also identified the present areas of deployment of maturity models. The second aspect critically reviewed selected BIM maturity models through stated parameters and outlined the necessary criteria for maturity model development. Maturity model is widely adopted to achieve optimisation and proper assessment in various industries. The study identified the industries where it is deployed and identified the areas of maturity model deployment in the digitisation era. In addition, it was observed that some existing BIM maturity models do not conform to the various requirements expected of a maturity model. The study is unique in the methods adopted to achieve its results. Also, it identified the areas of maturity model deployment. The study is helpful as it provides the criteria for maturity model development hereafter, while also helping BIM users choose among the existing BIM maturity models. The study is crucial for proper maturity model development in the digitisation era.