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For a better understanding of living tissues and materials, it is essential to study the intricate spatial relationship between cells and their surrounding tissue on the nanoscale, with a need for 3D, high‐resolution imaging techniques. In the case of bone, focused ion beam‐scanning electron microscopy (FIB‐SEM) operated in the backscattered electron (BSE) mode proves to be a suitable method to image mineralized areas with a nominal resolution of 5 nm. However, as clinically relevant samples are often resin‐embedded, the lack of atomic number (Z) contrast makes it difficult to distinguish the embedding material from unmineralized parts of the tissue, such as osteoid, in BSE images. Staining embedded samples with iodine vapor has been shown to be effective in revealing osteoid microstructure by 2D BSE imaging. Based on this idea, an iodine (Z = 53) staining protocol is developed for 3D imaging with FIB‐SEM, investigating how the amount of iodine and exposure time influences the imaging outcome. Bone samples stained with this protocol also remain compatible with confocal laser scanning microscopy to visualize the lacunocanalicular network. The proposed protocol can be applied for 3D imaging of tissues exhibiting mineralized and nonmineralized regions to study physiological and pathological biomineralization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we report the synthesis of a series of new 4H‐1,3,5‐oxadiazine derivatives. The method of their production is based on the dehydrosulfurization reaction of N‐(2,2,2‐trichloro‐1‐(3‐R‐thioureido)ethyl)carboxamides under the action of a mixture of iodine and triethylamine in DMF. A possible reaction mechanism has been proposed. The target products have been obtained in 58%–75% yield. The structure of the obtained compounds has been confirmed by 1H, 13C NMR, IR spectroscopy data, and x‐ray diffraction analysis carried out for 6‐(tert‐butyl)‐N‐phenyl‐4‐(trichloromethyl)‐4H‐1,3,5‐oxadiazin‐2‐amine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modular synthesis can combine different functional modules to flexibly regulate comprehensive properties and study the diversity of compounds. This study established a modular bicyclic synthesis strategy of combining polynitro energetic module with iodine‐containing biocidal module. Compounds 1–6 with high iodine content (48.72–69.56 %) and high thermal stability (Td: 172–304 °C) were synthesized and exhaustively identified. By modular synthesis, the detonation properties and gas‐production of 3–6 improved greatly expanding their biocidal efficacy and maintained the iodine atomic utilization of iodine‐containing module. Notably, 4,5‐diiodo‐3,4',5'‐trinitro‐1,3'‐bipyrazole (5) and 3,5‐diiodo‐4,4',5'‐trinitro‐1,3'‐bipyrazole (6) exhibit high detonation velocities (D: 5903 m s−1, 5769 m s−1, respectively) and highest gas production of 212.85 L mol−1 and 217.66 L mol−1 after decomposition. This study diversifies polyiodio‐nitro compounds, and also inspire the implementation of similar synthesis strategies to provide family‐level synthetic solutions to energetic biocidal materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The post‐assembly modification (PAM) of metallosupramolecular assemblies plays an important role in obtaining diverse architectures and expanding new functions. In this work, the trinuclear organometallic assemblies [Ag3(L)2](PF6)3 (L = 1a–c) were generated from the corresponding internal olefin‐bridged trisimidazolium, trisbenzoimidazolium, and trisimidazo[1,5‐ɑ]pyridinium salts H3‐L(PF6)3 (L = 1a–c) with Ag2O through coordination‐driven self‐assembly. Subsequently, complexes [Ag3(L)2](PF6)3 (L = 1a, 1b) were converted into corresponding gold(I) complexes [AuI3(L)2](PF6)3 (L = 1a, 1b) by transmetalation reaction. The oxidation addition of the gold(I) complexes [AuI3(L)2](PF6)3 (L = 1a, 1b) were carried out using iodine as an oxidant to give gold(III) complexes [AuIII3(L)2I6](PF6)3 (L = 1a, 1b). Irradiation of complexes [Ag3(L)2](PF6)3 (L = 1a, 1b) in solution leaded to structural transform into the corresponding cyclobutane‐bridged complexes [Ag3(L′)](PF6)3 (L′ = 2a, 2b) with quantitative yields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study aims to develop a new adsorbent material using oak crown and explore its effectiveness in removing I2 ions through a series of batch experiments. ACOW was characterised by zero charge (pHpzc) and FTIR spectroscopy. The impact of the initial I2 concentration (20-100 mg/L), temperature (25-55 °C), pH (2-14), adsorbent dosage (2-10 g/L), Stirring speed (100-900 rpm), particle size (100-2000μm) and contact time (0-30 min) on I2 adsorption was examined. The adsorption kinetic obeys the pseudo-second order model with a determination coefficient (R2) equal to 0.999. Adsorption follows the Langmuir equation well, with the best fit to the experimental data at equilibrium. A qmax value (= 103.606 mg/g) at 25°C and 120.773 mg/g at 55°C were eliminated under the optimised conditions, indicating homogeneous adsorption on the surface of the adsorbent. The thermodynamic parameters gave a negative free energy ΔGo (-3.445 to -5.629 kJ/mol), a positive enthalpy ΔHo (18.406 kJ/mol) and an activation energy Ea (= 22.599 kJ/mol), thus confirming the spontaneous and endothermic nature of adsorption of iodine on ACOW. The positive entropy ΔSo (0.0733 kJ/mol K) show increased randomness of the solid-liquid interface during the adsorption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although almost a third of the world's population is exposed to iodine deficiency (ID), and supplementation programs such as enriching table salt have been carried out or are being carried out at the global and national level, in many regions of the world, people are facing an increase in iodine intake, which is mainly due to the presence of large amounts of iodine in water, soil, agricultural products, or high consumption of seafood. Published articles were indexed in the Scopus database (from 2000 to 1 April 2023) were reviewed and analyzed by VOSviewer software. The results showed the growing interest of researchers over the last 20 years in environmental iodine intake. The results of this study can have a significant impact on the planning and policy-making of relevant officials and communities to supply the needed iodine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract—An original technique for modifying graphene oxide with iodine has been developed. It is shown that, when graphene oxide is treated with iodine, oxygen-containing groups are removed from the surface of graphene planes, which improves the electrically conductive properties of the material. The change in the structure and electrical conductivity of the modified graphene oxide, depending on the concentration of iodine, has been studied. According to Raman spectroscopy data, it can be seen that the composition of the modified materials includes molecular complexes of iodine and . Changes in the structure of the crystal lattice of iodine-modified graphene oxide films were studied using X-ray diffraction analysis. According to IR spectroscopy, the effect of iodination on the change in the qualitative composition of functional groups in the material was analyzed. The specific electrical conductivity of graphene oxide as a result of modification increases from 9.6 × 10–10 S/cm for the original material to 3.3 × 10–7 S/cm for the material treated with an isopropanol solution containing 1 wt % I2 relative to dry graphene oxide. The additionally modified films were heat treated at 80°C for 2 h. The resulting changes in the structure of the material are analyzed and an increase in electrical conductivity by one or two orders of magnitude is shown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silver-containing silica gel is a commonly used iodine waste adsorption material in post-treatment plants, and can be formed by adsorbing iodine with silver-containing silica gel, which provides a feasible method for treatment of radioactive iodine. The accurate determination of iodine content in iodine-containing silica gel samples can verify the adsorption efficiency of iodine and provide data support for the post-processing process. Silver ions and iodide ions in the iodine-containing silica gel samples form insoluble silver iodide during the dissolution process, it is difficult to quantitatively convert the iodide ions in silver iodide into soluble iodide ions, iodine elements or iodate ions. Therefore it is difficult to measures the iodine content in iodine containing silica gel samples. During the experiment, the effects of masking silver ions on iodide ions were considered. By checking the solubility product constant of the silver compound, the method of adding sulfide ions was used to generate a silver sulfide precipitate that was more difficult to dissolve than silver iodide, thus eliminating the interference of silver ion. The displaced iodide ions existed stably in alkaline solutions, and because of the high iodine content, inductively coupled plasma spectrometry (ICP-OES) was used to measure IS content. During the experiment, the effects of sodium sulfide add-on, ammonia concentration, ultrasound time, etc. on the results were investigated, and the ICP-OES method was used to measure the iodine content in the sample. Experimental results showed that the amount of sodium sulfide added was related to the silver content, excessive sulfide ions needed to be added to precipitate silver ions. Different ammonia concentrations affected the sensitivity of iodine, while the somication time had little effect on the results. The detection limit of the method was 0.52 mg/g after optimizing the experimental conditions, and two silica gel samples containing iodine and silver were measured 6 times, with an average value of 34.8 mg/g and 59.3 mg/g. The relative standard deviations were 2.7% and 2.0%, and the recovery of the spiked was 95. 0%--103%, which could meet the determination of iodine in iodine containing silica gel samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Excessive intake of iodine will do harm to human health. In recent years, high iodine groundwater has become a global concern after high arsenic and high fluorine groundwater. A deep understanding of the environmental factors affecting iodine accumulation in groundwater and the mechanism of migration and transformation is the scientific prerequisite for effective prevention and control of iodine pollution in groundwater. The paper comprehensively investigated the relevant literature on iodine pollution of groundwater and summarized the present spatial distribution and hydrochemical characteristics of iodine-enriched groundwater. Environmental factors and hydrogeological conditions affecting iodine enrichment in aquifers are systematically summarized. An in-depth analysis of the hydrologic geochemistry, physical chemistry, biogeochemistry and human impacts of iodine transport and transformation in the surface environment was conducted, the results and conclusions in the field of high iodine groundwater research are summarized comprehensively and systematically. Stable isotope can be used as a powerful tool to track the sources of hydrochemical components, biogeochemistry processes, recharge sources and flow paths of groundwater in hydrogeological systems, to provide effective research methods and means for the study of high iodine groundwater system, and deepen the understanding of the formation mechanism of high iodine groundwater, the application of isotopic technique in high iodine groundwater is also systematically summarized, which enriches the method and theory of high iodine groundwater research. This paper provides more scientific basis for the prevention and control of groundwater iodine pollution and the management of groundwater resources in water-scarce areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim Methods Results Conclusions This cross‐sectional study aims to explore the nutritional composition, cost, country of origin and fortification status of plant‐based milk products available for purchase in Illawarra supermarkets and make various comparisons between types of plant‐based milks and cow's milk.Plant‐based milk information was collected from nutrition information panels on packaging and manufacturer websites. Product ingredient lists, including fortifiers, were analysed to estimate the nutrient composition of the identified plant‐based milks, including nutrients beyond those listed by manufacturers. Descriptive statistics were used to summarise the characteristics of the plant‐based milks identified in the audit. For non‐normally distributed data, a Kruskal–Wallis H test with pairwise multiple comparisons and a Bonferroni adjustment were undertaken to explore the differences between various types of plant‐based milk and cow's milk.One hundred twenty‐nine plant‐based milk products were identified in the audit, primarily almond, oat and soy‐based beverages. Of these, 80.6% were fortified with calcium; however, fortification with other micronutrients was less common, ranging from 27.1% being fortified with vitamin B12 and 3.1% being fortified with iodine. The median plant‐based milk cost was AU$3.5/L (Q1–Q3: AU$2.8–4.5/L) and 87.6% of products were Australian made. Overall, particularly due to low fortification rates, plant‐based milks identified in the audit had significantly lower levels of protein, sugar, iodine, phosphorus, zinc and vitamins A, B2 and B12 compared to cow's milk. However, there was no significant difference in protein content between soy milk and cow's milk.The nutritional content of plant‐based milks identified in this audit varied, and in most instances, Australian plant‐based milks were found to be nutritionally different to cow's milk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nuclear energy makes large contributions toward meeting global energy needs, but societal concerns remain high given the impacts of the intended release of radioactive materials including 129I and 131I. In this paper we explore the use of a homologous series of acyclic CB[n] type hosts (H1–H4) as adsorbents of iodine from the vapor phase. We find that H2–H4, but not H1 – perform well in this application with uptake capacities of 2.2 g g−1, 1.5 g g−1, and 1.9 g g−1, respectively. The chemisorptive uptake process involves partial oxidation of catechol walled H2 to quinone walled host and capture of I3− and I5−. Solid H2 can be regenerated by treatment with Na2S2O4 and reused at least five times. The x‐ray crystal structure of H2 is also reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The core skeleton syntheses of 3′H-spiro[cyclohexane-1,1′-isobenzofuran]-2,5-dien-4-one, and their derivatives (3a–3w) of spirobisnaphthalene urnucratins, plecmillins, and lignan kadsulignan, were explored using Suzuki–Miyaura coupling product biphenols as the precursors and intramolecular oxidative dearomatization with high-valence iodine reagent PIFA as the key step in 46–91% yields. A wide range of functional groups were tolerated. Then, using this strategy in combination with the Diels–Alder reaction, two skeleton molecules (5ah and 6d) of the natural products urnucratins and plecmillins were successfully constructed in 78% and 39% overall yields, which provides a potential methodology for the total synthesis of Type D spirobisnaphthalene urnucratins and other natural products with similar structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of soft materials, including gels, in different material and biological chemistry domains has gained momentum in the past few years. Environmental remediation, drug resistance, and delivery are significant concerns that are being investigated widely nowadays. In this work, we report the multifunctionality of a gelator molecule A2 (5,5′-((6-(phenylamino)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diyl)-bis-(azanediyl))-diisophthalic acid) in the gel state. The gelator molecule A2 was used to fabricate organogel and two metallogels using copper perchlorate and a Ru-based anticancer drug molecule, respectively. The organogel and Cu-metallogel show efficient adsorption capabilities of iodine in the vapor and solution phases. These iodine-loaded gel composites were utilized as efficient antibacterial agents against Escherichia coli and Helicobacter pylori (I10) bacterial strains. Additionally, owing to the pH-responsive nature of the gel material, the Ru-based anticancer drug-loaded metallogel, Ru-A2, was fabricated, and its activity in pH-responsive drug delivery to the cancerous cells was also investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8) is a trans‐membrane transporter, which mediates the cellular delivery of thyroid hormones, L‐thyroxine (T4) and 3,5,3′‐triiodo‐L‐thyronine (T3). In humans, the MCT8 protein is encoded by the SLC16A2 gene and mutations in the transporter cause a genetic neurological disorder known as Allan‐Herndon‐Dudley Syndrome (AHDS). MCT8 deficiency leads to impaired transport of thyroid hormones in the brain. Radiolabelled T4 and T3 or LC/MS‐MS methods have been used to monitor the thyroid hormone uptake through MCT8. Herein, we developed a fluorescent based assay to monitor the thyroid hormone uptake through MCT8. A dansyl‐based fluorescent probe having L‐thyroxine moiety is found to be highly selective towards MCT8 in living cells. The high selectivity of the probe towards MCT8 can be attributed to the halogen bond‐mediated recognition by the transporter protein. The presence of a free carboxylic acid group is essential for the specificity of the probe towards MCT8. Additionally, the selectivity of the probe for MCT8 is abolished upon esterification of the carboxylic group. Similarly, MCT8 does not recognize the probe when it contains a free amine group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Efficient and environmentally benign regioselective halogenation protocols have been achieved through the mediation of oxone‐halide, with or without the assistance of aryl iodine. The key to the success of the regioselectivity process is the controlled generation of the active [X]+ or halogen‐substituted hypervalent iodine (III) by manipulating the components of the oxone‐halide‐aryl iodine system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Museum specimens are an increasingly important tool for studying global biodiversity. With the advent of diffusible iodine‐based contrast‐enhanced computed tomography (diceCT), researchers can now visualize an organism's internal soft tissue anatomy without the need for physical dissection or other highly destructive sampling methods. However, there are many considerations when deciding which method of staining to use for diceCT to produce the best gray‐scale contrast for facilitating downstream anatomical analyses. The general lack of direct comparisons among staining methodologies can make it difficult for researchers to determine which approaches are most appropriate for their study. Here, we compare the performance of ethylic‐Lugol's iodine solution with aqueous‐Lugol's staining solution across several vertebrate orders to assess differential imaging outcomes. We found that ethylic‐Lugol's is better for visualizing muscle attachment to bone but provides overall lower contrast between soft tissue types. Comparatively, aqueous‐based Lugol's provides high‐contrast imaging among soft tissue types, although bone is more difficult to discern. We conclude that the choice of staining methodology largely depends on the type of anatomical data the researcher wishes to collect, and we provide a decision‐based framework for assessing which staining methodology (ethylic or aqueous) is most appropriate for desired imaging results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a molecular‐scale investigation of the axial coordination effect of atomic iodine on Fe‐N4 sites in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) by electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy (ECSTM). A well‐defined model catalytic system with explicit and uniform iodine‐coordinated Fe‐N4 sites was constructed facilely by the self‐assembly of iron(II) phthalocyanine (FePc) on an I‐modified Au(111) surface. The electrocatalytic activity of FePc for the ORR shows notable enhancement with axial iodine ligands. The modulation of the electronic structure of Fe sites to evoke a higher spin configuration by axial iodine was evidenced. The interaction strength between oxygen‐containing species and active centers becomes weaker due to the presence of iodine ligands, and the reaction is thermodynamically preferable. Furthermore, the reaction dynamics of FePc on I/Au(111) were explicitly determined via in situ ECSTM potential pulse experiments. In contrast, axial atomic iodine was found inefficacious for improving the activity of Co‐N4 sites, and electron rearrangement was found to be marginal, demonstrating that adequate interactions between axial ligands and metal sites for optimizing electronic structures and catalytic behaviors are prerequisites for the impactful role of axial ligands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With triethylamine as a synthon, an alternative method for the synthesis of 3‐formyl imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines has been accomplished from aldehydes, and 2‐aminopyridines. The reaction proceeded via iodine‐catalyzed C−N bond cleavage of triethylamine, generation of α,β‐unsaturated aldehyde in situ, and oxidative cyclization with air as the oxygen source. This protocol may facilitate the synthesis of imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridine derivatives and provide a reference for the usage of triethylamine as a synthon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous efforts to measure atmospheric iodine have focused on marine and coastal regions. We report the first ground‐based tropospheric iodine monoxide (IO) radical observations over the central continental United States. Throughout April 2022, IO columns above Storm Peak Laboratory, Colorado (3,220 m.a.s.l.) ranged from 0.7 ± 0.5 to 3.6 ± 0.5 × 1012 (average: 1.9 × 1012 molec cm−2). IO was consistently elevated in air masses transported from over the Pacific Ocean. The observed IO columns were up to three times higher and the range was larger than predicted by a global model, which warrants further investigation into iodine sources, sinks, ozone loss, and particle formation. IO mixing ratios increased with altitude. At the observed levels, iodine may be competitive with bromine as an oxidant of elemental mercury at cold temperatures typical of the free troposphere. Iodine‐induced mercury oxidation is missing in atmospheric models, understudied, and helps explain model underestimation of oxidized mercury measurements. Plain Language Summary: Halogens such as chlorine, bromine, and iodine are highly reactive gases that participate in atmospheric chemistry, including ozone destruction, particle formation, modification of greenhouse gas lifetime (i.e., methane, dimethylsulfide), and the oxidation of elemental mercury. Iodine mainly enters the atmosphere from oceans; therefore, past measurements of atmospheric iodine have focused on marine and polar regions. This study describes the first lower atmospheric measurements of iodine monoxide (IO) radicals at a remote mountaintop site in the central continental United States. These measurements indicate that the concentration of IO radicals showed a large range over the course of 1 month and reached levels up to three times higher than predicted by a global atmospheric chemistry model. These observations suggest that our understanding of the iodine sources and sinks to the free troposphere may be incomplete. Moreover, we suggest that iodine's contribution to ozone destruction and mercury chemistry may be underestimated; in particular, iodine may be competitive with bromine in the oxidation of elemental mercury in the free troposphere. Key Points: Measurements of iodine monoxide radicals at Storm Peak Laboratory are up to three times higher than predicted by GEOS‐ChemIO tropospheric column variability is significant and highlights a need to better understand sources and sinks of tropospheric iodineIodine may rival bromine as a tropospheric mercury oxidant; iodine‐mercury chemistry is understudied and missing in atmospheric models [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global warming has accelerated the iodine cycle in the Arctic Ocean, amplifying its significance in the global iodine cycle. However, some intricacies of the iodine cycle in the Arctic marine environment remain unclear. In this study, we present concentrations of stable- and radio-iodine (127I and 129I) in total iodine, iodide (I–), and iodate (IO 3 –) in seawater from the Beaufort, Chukchi, and Bering Seas. Results show a wide range of 129I/127I ratios of total iodine (3.2 × 10–12–9.3 × 10–9), indicating that the total 129I/127I ratio is a valuable fingerprint for identifying water masses and comprehending mixing processes. Iodine loss in surface seawater was quantitatively assessed using 129I, revealing that Arctic rivers substantially contribute to the emission of iodine into the atmosphere from the Arctic and subarctic seas. Our redox simulation in the Arctic intermediate layer shows the concentrations and 129I/127I ratios of I– and IO 3 – during its migration and provides the first evidence of an IO 3 – reduction process masked by the I– oxidation in the intermediate Arctic Ocean. Oxidation and reduction processes in the intermediate Arctic Ocean were characterized by extremely slow rates, at 0.95–2.41 and 0.26 ± 0.13 nM/year, respectively. Our findings demonstrate the effectiveness of anthropogenic 129I in tracking iodine cycling in the Arctic marine environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aims to analyze the relationship between papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and various factors. Methods: The study involved two groups—PTC patients and non-PTC controls. We utilized binary logistic regression and Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (Lasso) regression for variable selection and risk factor analysis. Correlation analysis was performed using Spearman’s rank correlation. The diagnostic value of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels for PTC was assessed using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves. Results: PTC patients exhibited higher body mass index (BMI) (23.71 vs. 22.66, p<0.05) and TSH levels (3.38 vs. 1.59, p<0.05). Urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was an independent predictor of PTC (OR=1.005, p<0.05). The optimal TSH threshold for PTC diagnosis was 2.4 mIU/L [The Area Under the Curve (AUC)=67.3%, specificity=71.4%, sensitivity=70.1%]. TSH levels positively correlated with BMI (r=0.593, p<0.05) and UIC (r=0.737, p<0.05). Conclusions: UIC may be an independent predictor of PTC, and TSH levels have some diagnostic value for identifying PTC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kelp is a traditional healthy food due to its high nutritional content; however, its relatively high contents of iodine and arsenic have raised concerns about its edible safety. This study explored the effects of different cooking treatments on the contents of iodine and arsenic in kelp, evaluated the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of iodine and arsenic in kelp using in vitro digestion, and compared the differences in the transport characteristics of iodine in kelp and KIO3 using a Caco-2 monolayer cell transport model. The results show that the content of target elements that reached systemic circulation could be reduced by cooking and gastrointestinal digestion. The highest reductions in iodine and arsenic were 94.4% and 74.7%, respectively, which were achieved by boiling for 10 min. The bioaccessibility and bioavailability of iodine and arsenic were significantly improved by a cooking treatment. However, the contents of iodine and arsenic decreased significantly, with the bioaccessibility of iodine reducing from 3188.2 μg/L to 317.0 μg/L and that of arsenic reducing from 32.5 μg/L to 18.1 μg/L in the gastric phase after boiling. The findings also show that the efficiency of iodine transport in kelp and KIO3 was positively correlated with the transport time and negatively correlated with the concentration of iodine. With the increase in the iodine concentration, the rate of iodine transport in kelp decreased from 63.93% to 3.14%, but that of KIO3 was stable at around 35%, which indicates that the absorption efficiency of iodine from kelp was limited, even when too much kelp was ingested. In conclusion, the edible safety of kelp is significantly improved after cooking. The risk of excessive iodine and arsenic intake caused by consuming kelp is extremely low, and as an effective iodine supplement source, kelp has higher edible safety compared with KIO3. This study clarifies the safety of algae based on iodine and arsenic contents and also provides a basis for the formulation of food safety standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There has been a growing interest in developing catalysts to enable the reversible iodine conversion reaction for high‐performance aqueous zinc‐iodine batteries (AZIBs). While diatomic catalysts (DACs) have demonstrated superior performance in various catalytic reactions due to their ability to facilitate synergistic charge interactions, their application in AZIBs remains unexplored. Herein, we present, for the first time, a DAC comprising Mn−Zn dual atoms anchored on a nitrogen‐doped carbon matrix (MnZn−NC) for iodine loading, resulting in a high‐performance AZIB with a capacity of 224 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1 and remarkable cycling stability over 320,000 cycles. The electron hopping along the Mn−N−Zn bridge is stimulated via a spin exchange mechanism. This process broadens the Mn 3dxy band width and enhances the metallic character of the catalyst, thus facilitating charge transfer between the catalysts and reaction intermediates. Additionally, the increased electron occupancy within the d‐orbital of Zn elevates Zn's d‐band center, thereby enhancing chemical interactions between MnZn−NC and I‐based species. Furthermore, our mechanism demonstrates potential applicability to other Metal‐Zn−NC DACs with spin‐polarized atoms. Our work elucidates a clear mechanistic understanding of diatomic catalysts and provides new insights into catalyst design for AZIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spectral Photon Counting Computed Tomography (SPCCT), a ground-breaking development in CT technology, has immense potential to address the persistent problem of metal artefacts in CT images. This study aims to evaluate the potential of Mars photon-counting CT technology in reducing metal artefacts. It focuses on identifying and quantifying clinically significant materials in the presence of metal objects. A multi-material phantom was used, containing inserts of varying concentrations of hydroxyapatite (a mineral present in teeth, bones, and calcified plaque), iodine (used as a contrast agent), CT water (to mimic soft tissue), and adipose (as a fat substitute). Three sets of scans were acquired: with aluminium, with stainless steel, and without a metal insert as a reference dataset. Data acquisition was performed using a Mars SPCCT scanner (Microlab 5×120); operated at 118 kVp and 80 μA. The images were subsequently reconstructed into five energy bins: 7-40, 40-50, 50-60, 60-79, and 79-118 keV. Evaluation metrics including signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), linearity of attenuation profiles, root mean square error (RMSE), and area under the curve (AUC) were employed to assess the energy and material-density images with and without metal inserts. Results show decreased metal artefacts and a better signal-to-noise ratio (up to 25%) with increased energy bins as compared to reference data. The attenuation profile also demonstrated high linearity (R2 >0.95) and lower RMSE across all material concentrations, even in the presence of aluminium and steel. Material identification accuracy for iodine and hydroxyapatite (with and without metal inserts) remained consistent, minimally impacting AUC values. For demonstration purposes, the biological sample was also scanned with the stainless steel volar implant and cortical bone screw, and the images were objectively assessed to indicate the potential effectiveness of SPCCT in replicating real-world clinical scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of adsorbent materials for highly efficient iodine capture is in high demand from the perspective of ecological environment and human health. Herein, two covalent organic frameworks (COFs), JLNU-312 and JLNU-313, were successfully synthesized for iodine adsorption. The obtained JLNU-COFs possess high crystallinity and one-dimensional mesoporous channels. Iodine adsorption experiments demonstrated that both COF materials exhibit effective performance for iodine adsorption, with a maximum amount of up to 4.67 g g−1 for JLNU-312 and 2.47 g g−1 for JLNU-313. Moreover, both JLNU-COFs have good stability, reusability and iodine retention capacity. Theoretical calculations clearly show that the higher adsorption performance of JLNU-312 is also due to the strong interaction between the adsorbed iodine and the abundant triazine nitrogen-rich adsorption sites uniformly distributed in the pore. This work shows that effective iodine adsorbents can be achieved by introducing nitrogen-rich sites into the framework of COF materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The efficient capture and monitor of radioactive iodine are crucial for managing radioactive nuclear waste and protecting human health. Herein, three metal–organic coordination compound‐mediated supramolecular organic frameworks (MSOFs) are reported with distinct electron‐rich structures for efficient iodine capture with fluorescence response. The electron‐rich adsorption sites play crucial roles for electron‐deficient iodine capture via charge transfer interactions, where π donors contribute greater than nitrogen heteroatom. Among three MSOFs, MSOF‐3 with the maximum numbers of electron‐rich π donors exhibited the highest iodine uptake capacity (3.70 g mmol−1). Prominently, the charge transfer interactions between iodine and MSOFs result in distinct fluorescence response during iodine uptake, establishing a real‐time fluorescence monitoring system. To facilitate the personal health protection toward practical application, a mask with high iodine removal efficiency (99.1%) and real‐time fluorescence response is successfully developed. This study underscores the great promise of electron‐rich fluorescent MSOFs for capture and sensing of radioactive iodine, offering substantial prospects for the advance of protective equipment in the nuclear industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Controlled oxidation of methyl‐ketones to aryl glyoxals using Selenium dioxide and iodine is one of the useful transformation. Regardless the availability of many oxidation reagents, Iodine/DMSO system is very efficient and flexible. This system efficiently allows in situ formation of α‐halo ketones and subsequently transforming them directly to useful products. The Iodine/DMSO system allows the selective CI and CO bond formation, substantially useful for converting them to other bond forming reactions and heterocycles useful in the synthetic and medicinal chemistry. Iodine/DMSO system could be an important alternative strategy due to sustainability, metal‐free conditions, allowing multiple/linear domino reactions. This review will focus on heterocyclic systems smartly developed/manipulated by Wu group from methyl‐ketones. The scope and limitations of this method and selected examples of applications for the synthesis of interesting molecules are discussed herein. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aqueous zinc‐iodine (Zn─I2) battery is a promising energy storage system due to its inherent safety, high theoretical capacity, sustainability, and cost‐effectiveness. However, the shuttle effect of polyiodide severely affects the stable loading of active iodine and even accelerates the corrosion of the Zn anode, thus impeding its further advancement. Herein, a unique trimethylsulfonium cation (TMS+) with strong adsorption is proposed to stabilize both the iodine cathode and Zn anode. Benefiting from the robust interaction between TMS+ and polyiodide, the electrolyte can effectively immobilize large‐capacity iodine in the form of oily precipitate, thus avoiding the shuttle effect of polyiodide and the Zn corrosion. Additionally, TMS+ can be preferentially adsorbed on various Zn facets, inducing an electrostatic shielding effect to inhibit Zn dendrite growth. Consequently, Zn anode can be stably cycled over 3400 h at 5 mA cm−2/5 mAh cm−2, and a large areal capacity of 2.71 mAh cm−2 as well as long‐life stability over 6400 cycles is achieved for Zn─I2 battery. Furthermore, cation adsorption engineering is practically utilized in pouch cells, realizing superior fast‐charging stability over 790 cycles. This electrolyte modification with dual stabilizations is anticipated to be applied to other metal‐iodine batteries as a cost‐effective, facile, and safe strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report the utilisation of an iodine(III) reagent to access α,β-unsaturated carbonyls from the corresponding silyl enol ethers of ketones and aldehydes, and from enol phosphates of lactones and lactams. The transformation is rapid, scalable, and can be carried out in one pot, directly dehydrogenating saturated carbonyls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

K4[(IF5)6(HF2)4] was obtained from the reaction of K[HF2] with liquid IF5. The compound was analyzed by single crystal and powder X‐ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and quantum‐chemical calculations. It contains the largest molecular IF5/HF2− complex anion known so far. Surprisingly, the crystal structure of the A4B compound can be related to the Hg4Pt structure type. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study investigated the correlation between thyroid function and urinary iodine/creatinine ratio (UI/Cr) in pregnant women during different trimesters and explored potential influencing factors. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, serum levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), and UI/Cr were measured in 450 pregnant women. Correlations were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression. Subgroup analyses were performed based on age, body mass index (BMI), parity, gestational age, education, occupation, and family history of thyroid disorders. Results: UI/Cr was positively correlated with FT4 levels in the first and second trimesters, particularly in women with older age, higher BMI, multiparity, higher education, and employment. No significant correlations were found between UI/Cr and TSH or FT3 levels. Conclusion: UI/Cr is positively correlated with FT4 levels in early pregnancy, especially in women with certain risk factors. Regular monitoring of iodine status and thyroid function is recommended for pregnant women to ensure optimal maternal and fetal health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A hypervalent iodine(III)-mediated C(sp3)–C(sp3) bond functionalization reaction for the formation of C–C, C–P, and C–H bonds in dihydroquinazolines has been developed. This one-pot method involves successive oxidation of dihydroquinazoline substrates, mesolytic cleavage of a tert-butyl substituent, and bond formation to a variety of nucleophiles in moderate to high yields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

K4[(IF5)6(HF2)4] was obtained from the reaction of K[HF2] with liquid IF5. The compound was analyzed by single crystal and powder X‐ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and quantum‐chemical calculations. It contains the largest molecular IF5/HF2− complex anion known so far. Surprisingly, the crystal structure of the A4B compound can be related to the Hg4Pt structure type. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Iodine maps, derived from image‐processing of contrast‐enhanced dual‐energy computed tomography (DECT) scans, highlight the differences in tissue iodine intake. It finds multiple applications in radiology, including vascular imaging, pulmonary evaluation, kidney assessment, and cancer diagnosis. In radiation oncology, it can contribute to designing more accurate and personalized treatment plans. However, DECT scanners are not commonly available in radiation therapy centers. Additionally, the use of iodine contrast agents is not suitable for all patients, especially those allergic to iodine agents, posing further limitations to the accessibility of this technology. Purpose: The purpose of this work is to generate synthetic iodine map images from non‐contrast single‐energy CT (SECT) images using conditional denoising diffusion probabilistic model (DDPM). Methods: One‐hundered twenty‐six head‐and‐neck patients' images were retrospectively investigated in this work. Each patient underwent non‐contrast SECT and contrast DECT scans. Ground truth iodine maps were generated from contrast DECT scans using commercial software syngo.via installed in the clinic. A conditional DDPM was implemented in this work to synthesize iodine maps. Three‐fold cross‐validation was conducted, with each iteration selecting the data from 42 patients as the test dataset and the remainder as the training dataset. Pixel‐to‐pixel generative adversarial network (GAN) and CycleGAN served as reference methods for evaluating the proposed DDPM method. Results: The accuracy of the proposed DDPM was evaluated using three quantitative metrics: mean absolute error (MAE) (1.039 ± 0.345 mg/mL), structural similarity index measure (SSIM) (0.89 ± 0.10) and peak signal‐to‐noise ratio (PSNR) (25.4 ± 3.5 db) respectively. Compared to the reference methods, the proposed technique showcased superior performance across the evaluated metrics, further validated by the paired two‐tailed t‐tests. Conclusion: The proposed conditional DDPM framework has demonstrated the feasibility of generating synthetic iodine map images from non‐contrast SECT images. This method presents a potential clinical application, which is providing accurate iodine contrast map in instances where only non‐contrast SECT is accessible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Metal implants may affect the image quality, iodine concentration (IC), and CT Hounsfield unit (HU) quantification accuracy. Purpose: To investigate the quantitative accuracy of IC and HU from dual-layer spectral detector (DLCT) in the presence of metal artifacts. Material and Methods: An experimental cylindrical phantom containing eight iodine inserts and two metal inserts was designed. The phantom underwent scanning at three radiation dose levels and two tube voltage settings. A set of conventional images (CIs), virtual monoenergetic images (VMIs), and iodine concentration maps (ICMs) were generated and measured for all the eight iodine inserts. Quantitative indicators of mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), artifact index (AI), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and standard deviation (SD) on CIs and VMIs were calculated for IC and HU. Subjective score evaluation was also conducted. Results: The MAPEiodine values of all regions of interest across different scanning configurations were all <5%. Almost all APEiodine values were <5%, indicating that metal artifacts had little impact on IC measurements. When the tube voltage was fixed, the SD value of attenuation decreased with the increase of the tube current; this is also true when the tube current was fixed. The middle energy reconstructions seemed to give a good balance between reducing artifacts and improving contrast. Conclusion: VMIs from DLCT can reduce metal artifacts, the accuracy of IC quantification is not sensitive to imaging parameters. In summary, metal implants exhibit minimal impact on image quality and IC quantification accuracy in reconstructed images from DLCT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this report, we developed an efficient one-pot method for the synthesis of 3-phenyl-1-(phenylthio)imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine analogs starting from 2-aminomethylpyridines, benzaldehydes, and sodium benzenesulfinates, which constructed C-N and C-S bonds simultaneously. The method features mild reaction conditions, a wide range of substrates, high atom utilization, and convenient and easily accessible starting materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Exogenous iodine interferes with the uptake of radioactive iodine (131I) by the thyroid gland. This has potential implications for the treatment of cats with hyperthyroidism that have recently undergone computed tomography (CT) with IV administration of iodinated contrast medium (ICM). Hypothesis: To determine the time to normalize urinary iodine clearance after administration of ICM. We hypothesized that it would require 4 weeks for urinary iodine concentration (UIC) to decrease to baseline after IV administration of ICM. Animals: Ten healthy adult neutered male cats. Methods: All cats were sedated and received Iopamidol at a dose of 2 mL/kg (600 mg/kg). Urinary iodine and creatinine concentrations were measured before administration of Iopamidol and on days 1, 2, 3, 7, 10 and weeks 2 to 6 after administration. The urinary iodine‐to‐creatinine ratio (UICR) was calculated. Outcome variables were modeled using a linear mixed‐effects model. Results: Urinary iodine concentration increased 37‐ to 884‐fold on Day 1 after ICM injection and returned to baseline during Week 2. Compared with baseline, UIC was significantly increased for Days 1 to 7 (all P <.001); UC was significantly lower for Days 1 to 10 (all P <.03); and UICR was significantly increased from Days 1 to 10 (all P <.001, except Day 10 P =.05). Conclusions: Urinary clearance of iodine after IV administration of ICM requires 10 days to return to baseline in healthy cats. A 2‐week interval between the iodinated contrast study and 131I treatment could be appropriate but needs to be confirmed in hyperthyroid cats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Iodinated contrast is commonly used for radiological procedures, with one dose delivering several hundred-fold the daily requirements needed for normal thyroid hormone production. Risks of excess iodine include incident thyroid dysfunction, which is associated with adverse cardiac outcomes, yet there are no prospective studies investigating the changes in cardiac physiology following iodine contrast administration. This study was conducted to investigate the longitudinal relationships between the amount of iodinated contrast administration and changes in cardiac electrophysiology and structure. Methods: A longitudinal cohort study was conducted with prospectively enrolled participants who received iodine contrast for elective computed tomography or coronary angiography. Serum thyroid function tests, electrocardiograms (EKG), and transthoracic echocardiograms were obtained serially until 36 months. Trends of electrical and structural cardiac changes following iodine contrast administration were assessed using mixed effect models. Results: The cohort was composed of 129 patients (median age, 70 [interquartile range: 63, 75] years; 98% male). Larger amounts of iodine exposure were associated with increases in QRS and QTc durations and decreased ejection fraction (EF), and these associations were still observed for follow-up EF after additionally adjusting for baseline values (the high-iodine contrast group vs. the low-iodine contrast group, −4.23% [confidence interval, −7.66% to −0.79%]). Dose–response analyses also showed lower EF with larger amounts of iodine received; these trends were not significant for the EKG parameters studied. Conclusions: Over a period of up to 36 months, a larger amount of administered iodine contrast was associated with lower EF among participants. Further investigation is needed to elucidate the long-term trends of electrical and structural cardiac function after iodine contrast administration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A paramagnetic A3B-type Mn(III)-porphyrin was synthesized and characterized by physical–chemical methods (UV-Vis, FT-IR, 1H-NMR spectroscopy). The obtained compound was tested as a sensitive material for the spectrophotometric and potentiometric detection of iodine species. Using UV-Vis spectroscopy, the triiodide anions could be detected with high precision in the concentration interval of 1.02 × 10−5 to 2.3 × 10−5 M, with an LOD of 9.44 × 10−6 M. The PVC-based electrode using DOP as a plasticizer showed a sensitivity toward iodide in a wide concentration range of 1.0 × 10−5 to 1.0 × 10−1 M, with an LOD of 8.0 × 10−6 M. Both methods are simple, low-cost, and efficient for the detection of iodine species in synthetic samples and pharmaceuticals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple, environmentally benign and metal free one pot strategy has been used for the synthesis of 4-iodo-3-phenylbenzo[b][1,6]naphthyridine from O-alkynylquinolinyl aldehydes with tert-butyl amine and iodine through imine formation in good to excellent yield at room temperature in aerobic and mild conditions. The beauty of this reaction is the imine formation and cyclization in the same reaction pot. Due to presence of iodine in product, it can be useful for further reaction and can be valuable synthon for new organic compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key points: PVP‐I is a widely used antiseptic but only recently proposed for intranasal use.The extent of iodine absorption from available PVP‐I nasal products is unknown.Iodine absorption from use of Nasodine (0.5% PVP‐I nasal spray) is not clinically significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

L'iode est le constituant des hormones thyroïdiennes (T3 et T4) essentielles à la vie en stimulant les métabolismes, la croissance des os et du système nerveux. La synthèse des hormones thyroïdiennes est régulée par l'axe hypothalamo-hypophysaire. Les déficits en iode sont fréquents dans le monde. L'hypothyroïdie se caractérise par une diminution ou une absence de production des hormones thyroïdiennes ; elle est souvent d'origine iatrogène, parfois auto-immune (Hashimoto), alimentaire ou encore hypophysaire. L'hyperthyroïdie est tout aussi redoutable en produisant une grande variété de symptômes ; elle est plus fréquente chez les personnes âgées et les femmes. Ses causes sont tout aussi variées (maladie de Basedow, thyroïdite, traitement à l'amiodarone, nodules et cancers de la thyroïde). L'iode peut aussi être toxique et des aliments contenant de l'iode sont parfois source d'allergie. L'iode peut être dosée dans le sang et les urines par spectrométrie de masse en plasma induit ou torche à plasma. Iodine is constitutive of the thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) essential for life stimulating metabolism, bone and nervous system grow. The synthesis of thyroid hormones is regulated by hypothalamus-hypophysis axis. The default in iodine is frequent in the world. Hypothyroidism is characterized by a decrease or absence of the production of thyroid hormones. Hypothyroidism is often from iatrogenic origin, sometimes auto-immune (Hashimoto), from dietary origin or with hypophysis default. Hyperthyroidism is also severe with a great variety of symptoms, and more frequent in elderly people and females. The causes of hyperthyroidism are various with Grave's disease, thyroiditis, treatment with amiodarone, nodules and thyroid cancer. Iodine can be also toxic and some aliments containing iodine can be the cause of allergy. Iodine can be measured in both blood and urines by « Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry ». [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Soil Sciences & Agricultural Engineering is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Iodine is one of the essential trace elements in the human body, and excessive or insufficient intake will affect human health. To ensure the safety of drinking water resources, the spatial distribution of iodine content and migration enrichment factors in shallow underground salty water in Tianjin coastal area were studied. The results show that the iodine (as I−) content of shallow groundwater ranges from not detected (ND) to 1320 μg/L, and high iodine groundwater (100–300 μg/L) and super-high iodine groundwater (> 300 μg/L) account for 37.5% of the groundwater samples, distributed in the east, west, central and south of the study area; iodine-deficient groundwater (< 25 μg/L) accounts for 10% of the groundwater samples, and iodine-suitable groundwater (25–100 μg/L) accounts for 15% of the groundwater samples. From north to south and from northwest to southeast, the shallow groundwater in the study area changed from freshwater and brackish water to saline and salt water; the I− concentrations in freshwater, brackish water, and saltwater were significantly different, and the I− concentrations tended to increase with the increase of TDS concentration; the main hydrochemical types in this direction changed as HCO3-Ca·Na → Cl·SO4-Na·Mg → HCO3·Cl-Na·Ca → Cl·HCO3-Na → Cl-Na type shift; high iodine and super-high iodine groundwater chemistry types are mainly Cl-Na type, Cl·HCO3-Na type and HCO3-Ca·Na type. The main source of iodine in groundwater is inferred to be marine sediments. Sedimentary iodine is released during dissolution of marine sediments. I− concentrations increase along with the groundwater flow. In the eastern area, the poor permeability of the aquifer due to the main lithology of mucky clay slows down the groundwater flow, and strong evaporation and concentration on account of the shallow groundwater depth contributes significantly to iodine enrichment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Iodine at the ocean's surface impacts climate and health by removing ozone (O 3) from the troposphere both directly via ozone deposition to seawater and indirectly via the formation of iodine gases that are released into the atmosphere. Here we present a new box model of the ocean surface microlayer that couples oceanic O 3 dry deposition to inorganic chemistry to predict inorganic iodine emissions. This model builds on the previous work of , improving both chemical and physical processes. This new box model predicts iodide depletion in the top few micrometres of the ocean surface due to rapid chemical loss to ozone competing with replenishment from underlying water. From this box model, we produce parameterized equations for HOI and I 2 emissions, which are implemented into the global chemical transport model GEOS-Chem along with an updated sea surface iodide climatology. Compared to the previous model, inorganic iodine emissions from some tropical waters decrease by as much as half, while higher-latitude emissions increase by a factor of ≫10. With these large local changes, global total inorganic iodine emissions increased by ∼49 % (2.99 to 4.48 Tg) compared to the previous parameterization. This results in a negligible change in average tropospheric OH (<0.2 %) and tropospheric methane lifetime (<0.2 %). The annual mean tropospheric O 3 burden decreases (-1.5 % to 325 Tg); however, higher-latitude surface O 3 concentrations decrease by as much as 20 %. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water pollution by heavy metals or iodine is a serious environmental issue that poses a threat to human health and ecosystems. Therefore, there is a need for developing efficient and low-cost methods for removing heavy metals and iodine from water sources. Activated Opuntia ficus-indica (AOFI) has been used for various purposes such as food, medicine, cosmetics, biofuel, and soil stabilization. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using AOFI as an adsorbent for removing heavy metals; e.g. Cr(III), Pb(II), and Cu(II) and iodine from water. The leaves of AOFI that were collected from Al-Baha city, KSA, were carbonized and characterized using FTIR spectroscopy and TGA analysis. Then uptake experiments were performed to evaluate the effects of various parameters such as pH, contact time, initial concentration, and temperature on the removal uptake by AOFI. Also the thermodynamic and kinetic parameters of the adsorption process had been calculated. The adsorption capacity of AOFI and OFI against iodine, Cr(III), Pb(II), and Cu(II) had been calculated. The results showed that; AOFI has adsorption capacity 1.14, 1.14, and 1.16 times higher than OFI, for Cr(III), Pb(II), and Cu(II), respectively, and 1.05 times higher than OFI, for iodine uptake. The findings indicated that AOFI exhibited remarkable efficacy in the metal ions uptake, achieving uptake efficiency up to 70%. Additionally, AOFI demonstrated notable efficiency in iodine uptake, reaching up to 60%. These results underscore the high uptake efficiency of AOFI for both metal ions and iodine, emphasizing its potential as an effective adsorbent for water treatment applications. This study is novel because it is the first to report the adsorption of heavy metals; such as Cr(III), Pb(II), and Cu(II) and iodine by AOFI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Iodine and fluorine, as halogen elements, are often coexisting in water environments, with nearly 200 million people suffering from fluorosis globally, and, in 11 countries and territories, adolescents have iodine intakes higher than that required for the prevention of iodine deficiency disorders. It has been suggested that excess iodine and/or fluorine can affect thyroid health and intellectual development, especially in children, but their combined effect has been less studied in this population. This study investigated 399 school-age children in Tianjin, China, collected drinking water samples from areas where the school-age children lived, and grouped the respondents according to iodine and fluorine levels. Thyroid health was measured using thyroid hormone levels, thyroid volume, and the presence of thyroid nodules; intelligence quotient (IQ) was assessed using the Raven's Progressive Matrices (CRT) test; and monoamine neurotransmitter levels were used to explore the potential relationship between thyroid health and intelligence. Multiple linear regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) analyses showed that iodine and fluorine were positively correlated with thyroid volume and the incidence of thyroid nodules in school-age children, and negatively correlated with IQ; similar results were obtained in the secondary subgroups based on urinary iodine and urinary fluoride levels. Interaction analyses revealed a synergistic effect of iodine and fluorine. A pathway analysis showed that iodine and fluorine were negatively associated with the secretion of free triiodothyronine (FT3) and free tetraiodothyronine (FT4), which in turn were negatively associated with the secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Iodine and fluorine may affect IQ in school-aged children through the above pathways that affect thyroid hormone secretion; of these, FT3 and TSH were negatively correlated with IQ, whereas FT4 was positively correlated with IQ. The relationship between thyroid hormones and monoamine neurotransmitters may involve the hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis, with FT4 hormone concentrations positively correlating with dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE), and 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HT) concentrations, and FT3 hormone concentrations positively correlating with DA concentrations. Monoamine neurotransmitters may play a mediating role in the effects of iodine and fluoride on intelligence in schoolchildren. However, this study has some limitations, as the data were derived from a cross-sectional study in Tianjin, China, and no attention was paid to the reciprocal effects of iodine and fluorine at different doses on thyroid health and intelligence in schoolchildren in other regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Iodine is an essential element for the synthesis of thyroid hormones. Therefore, a reliable marker of iodine supply is important. Iodine is predominantly excreted via kidneys, but also via salivary glands. Our aim was to introduce a new and simple method for determination of salivary iodine concentration (SLIC). Self-prepared chemicals and standards for Sandell-Kolthoff reaction on microplate with ammonium peroxydisulfate (AP) in the range 0−400 µg/L were used. Suitability of water-based standards (WBS) and artificial saliva-based standards (ASS) for standard curve were tested. We followed standards for method validation, defined concentration of used AP and compared our results with Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). WBS gave more reliable results than ASS as an underestimation of iodine concentration was found for ASS. LoB was 6.5 µg/L, LoD 12.0 µg/L, therefore analytical range was 12−400 µg/L. Intra- and inter-assay imprecisions at iodine concentrations, namely 20, 100, 165, and 350 µg/L were 18.4, 5.1, 5.7, and 2.8%, respectively, and 20.7, 6.7, 5.1, and 4.3%, respectively. Suitable molarity of AP was 1.0 mol/L and showed no difference to 1.5 mol/L (P values for samples with concentration 40, 100, and 150 µg/L, were 0.761, 0.085, and 0.275, respectively), whereas there was a significant change using 0.5 mol/L (P<0.001). Saliva samples could be diluted up to 1:8. There was no interference of thiocyanate and caffeine up to 193.5 mg/L. Our original method was comparable to ICP-MS. Spaerman coefficient was 0.989 (95% CI: 0.984−0.993). The new method for SLIC determination is in excellent agreement with ICP-MS and easy-to-use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pregnant women are more susceptible to iodine deficiency. However, there are limitations in existing indicators for the evaluation of iodine nutrition in pregnant women. The study aimed to explore whether thyroglobulin (Tg) can be used as a more sensitive biomarker for pregnant women with mild and moderate iodine deficiency. A repeated-measure study was conducted among 1332 pregnant women in Zhejiang Province, China. Serum and urine specimens were collected at a mean of 10, 17, and 32 weeks of pregnancy, respectively; thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), Tg, and urinary iodine concentrations were measured. Linear mixed effects models were used to determine the associations between interaction of iodine concentrations and increasing gestation week and TSH and Tg, where participants were divided by urinary iodine concentration (UIC). The median Tg concentration was 11.56, 11.45, and 12.43 μg/L in the first, second, and third trimesters, respectively. After controlling the covariates, the interaction effects between the iodine status and gestation week were significant for both TSH and Tg (p = 0.038 and p = 0.007, respectively). TSH increased with the week of gestation in both iodine concentration groups. Tg increased with advancing pregnancy in the iodine-deficient group whereas it did not in the iodine-sufficient group. There was no significant variation in TSH at each trimester, and Tg was higher in the iodine-deficient group than in the iodine-sufficient group. Tg may be a more sensitive iodine status biomarker than TSH for pregnant women with mild-to-moderate iodine insufficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Inorganic Analytical Chemistry / Zhongguo Wuji Fenxi Huaxue is the property of Beijing Research Institute of Mining & Metallurgy Technology Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)