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Background and Study Aim. Musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) are incredibly common and are often related to work load. For any occupational or public health intervention, injury prevention is preferred to injury treatment. Occupational health and injury prevention research has the potential to help mitigate MSD in the workplace. The aim of this study was to determine how the work demands of ski instructors may affect the health of their musculoskeletal system. Material and Methods. A cross-sectional study involved the participation of 87 ski instructors (age = 34.61 ±10.67) in Bosnia and Herzegovina (ATUS in Bosnia and Herzegovina). Observed variables were the prevalence of MSD measured using a modified Nordic questionnaire about injuries during the previous ski season (neck, shoulders, elbows, wrist, upper back, lower back, one or both hips, one or both knees, and ankle). Means and standard deviations for each of the variables were calculated, and differences between genders were examined using an independent sample t-test. Results. Prevalence of MSDs in ski instructors was most common in neck (13.8%), shoulders (12.6%), elbows (4.6%), wrist (9.2%), upper back (10.3%), lower back (46.0%), one or both hips (9.2%), one or both knees (29.9%), and ankle (9.2%). The results showed statistically significant differences in MSD between genders in the neck (p=.034); shoulders (p=.017); upper back (p=.027); one or both knees (p=.003) and in the ankle joint (p=.011). Conclusions. MSD’s are common in ski instructors, especially in the low back and knees of female employees. Future research or injury prevention programs would benefit these populations.

Background/Aims: Around 200 million women have undergone some type of cut, change or removal of the outer part of their genitalia. Midwives play a central role in recognising and providing support to women who have suffered from female genital mutilation. The aim of this study was to understand midwives' role in supporting women with female genital mutilation by exploring their knowledge, education and training. Methods: A systematic review of both qualitative and quantitative research published between 2010 and 2020 was carried out. A total of nine articles were selected, following screening and quality assessment, for inclusion in the review. Results: Midwives' lack of knowledge and confidence regarding appropriate care for women with female genital mutilation highlights the urgent need for evidence-based research. Furthermore, midwives' knowledge and training needs to be improved to enhance care for women with female genital mutilation. Conclusions: Female genital mutilation affects a variety of countries, and, in recent times, has developed into a global public health concern. Midwives play a crucial role in recognising and providing support to women who have experienced female genital mutilation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Air pollution is considered the world's most important environmental and public health risk. The annual exposure for particulate matter (PM) in the northern Caribbean region of Colombia between 2011 and 2019 was determined using PM records from 25 monitoring stations located within the area. The impact of exposure to particulate matter was assessed through the updated Global Burden of Disease health risk functions using the AirQ+ model for mortality attributable to acute lower respiratory disease (in children ≤ 4 years); mortality in adults aged > 18 years old attributable to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, ischaemic heart disease, lung cancer, and stroke; and all-cause post-neonatal infant mortality. The proportions of the prevalence of bronchitis in children and the incidence of chronic bronchitis in adults attributable to PM exposure were also estimated for the population at risk. Weather Research and Forecasting-California PUFF (WRF-CALPUFF) modeling systems were used to estimate the spatiotemporal trends and calculate mortality relative risk due to prolonged PM2.5 exposure. Proportions of mortality attributable to long-term exposure to PM2.5 were estimated to be around 11.6% of ALRI deaths in children ≤ 4 years of age, 16.1% for COPD, and 26.6% for IHD in adults. For LC and stroke, annual proportions attributable to PM exposure were estimated to be 9.1% and 18.9%, respectively. An estimated 738 deaths per year are directly attributed to particulate matter pollution. The highest number of deaths per year is recorded in the adult population over 18 years old with a mean of 401 events. The mean risk in terms of the prevalence of bronchitis attributable to air pollution in children was determined to be 109 per 100,000 inhabitants per year. The maximum RR values for mortality (up 1.95%) from long-term PM2.5 exposure were predicted to correspond to regions downwind to the industrial zone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Everyone's health is highly important. Dealing with health issues is just as important as dealing with financial ones. Any country's economic survival is totally based on its own economic strategy. The primary purpose of research on the relationship between exercise and fitness, as well as its influence on economic survival, is to help us understand the value and importance of exercise and physical fitness in our lives. It is hard to refute the benefits of exercise and physical activity on one's health. The study of differences in physical fitness and activity between men and women. The independent factors in this study include exercise and physical fitness, while the dependent variable is economic survival. The data was analysed using AMOS 26v. Because there were three hypothesis statements in this research, the findings showed that the variables had a positive and significant link. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is well established that experiencing human trafficking is associated with adverse consequences that are oftentimes substantial and enduring, including mental, physical, and social harms. Although health complications are recognized as being an important consideration in the response to victims, little is known about how these effects might vary depending on when victims were exploited or how they compare to individuals who have not experienced trafficking. Using a national sample of 986 young, non-college educated women, the current study seeks to fill this gap by examining the physical, mental, and social health issues of sex trafficking victims by stage of exploitation (i.e., minor only, adult only, both minor and adult) compared to non-sex trafficking victims. Results indicate significant associations between stage of exploitation and current social health issues, with limited significant associations between stage of exploitation and mental and physical health issues. Overall, these preliminary findings suggest that victims may experience different types of health issues based on when they were exploited, which could inform future response efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shift work disturbs the existing relationships between the body's inner clock and the surroundings. The basic difficulty with shift work is that you sometimes have to work when it's usual to be sleeping which can disturb your natural sleep time. A study was conducted on 30 female nurse respondents of age 20-60 years, in Hisar city to find out problems related to shift work faced by female nurses and see the impact of shift jobs in perspective of sleep, fatigue, domestic situation and job satisfaction on female nurses. 70% of the nurses were doing this profession as full time for more than 6 hours a day while the remaining 30% were engaged as part time only up to a maximum of 6 hours only. 33.3% of the spouse had a neutral attitude toward the night shift of the nurses. 30% of the spouses were reported to be extremely unsupportive for the night shift. Day shift was more desirable for both, nurse staff as well as spouses. 50% of the respondents preferred a single mass of night duty per year while on the other hand; no respondent was interested in permanent night shift. The majority of the respondents (86.6%) reported problems related to the quantity of sleep they normally get. There was an overall negative effect of the night shift on the various health-related issues of the respondents. It was concluded from the current study that shifts job has a major adverse impact on sleep and fatigue related issues in the nurse respondents. Night shift is not preferred by nurses and their spouses as well. Salary satisfaction was also not up to the mark according to most of the nurses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is continuously making concerted efforts to deliver environmentally sound farming practices through its dynamic extension staff. This research aims to gauge their awareness and knowledge levels regarding environmental laws. With a reasonable knowledge of environmental laws, they can evaluate farming practices and observe the extent of the implementation of the environmental laws by the farmers. All the extension workers (266) on the payroll of the Saudi government were included in the study. Data were collected by using the pre- tested questionnaire. In order to understand the findings of the study, data were analyzed for, arithmetic average and standard deviation in addition to the simple Pearson correlation coefficient. The results showed that high percentage of young and middle-aged respondents, accounting for about 74% of the total respondents. More than half of the study population (55.7%) were holding a bachelor's degree in agricultural sciences and about 70.2 percent of extension staff had professional experience from 1-13 years. However, they had a good grasp of the 5 most important environmental legislations. About 41.9 % of the respondents knew about the wrong practices that could cause environmental pollution. The study reveals that knowledge regarding the punishment/penalties significantly depends on the variable “knowledge of legislation”. A positive and significant correlation between "the number of years of experience in agricultural extension" and the extension workers' awareness levels of environmental protection legislation was realized. The study indicates that most of the respondents are relatively young and inexperienced having low levels of knowledge of environmental legislations. However, they have a greater inclination to learn and practice. Based on the findings of the study, it is recommended to organize extensive training courses for the extension staff on environmental legislations to make them well-conversant with environmentally friendly and sound agriculture so that while working with the farmers, they may transmit the principles and practices of pollution-free farming comfortably. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Groundwater is defined as water that exists underground in voids or gaps in sediments and is extracted for human consumption from aquifers. It is critical to our daily lives because it contributes to the sustainability of our natural ecosystem while also providing economic benefits. Heavy metals are metallic compounds with a relatively high atomic weight and density compared to water. In Malaysia, heavy metal contamination of groundwater has become a concern due to rapid population growth, economic development, and a lack of environmental awareness. Environmental factors or their behaviors, such as density, viscosity, or volume, affect the distribution and transportation of heavy metals. The article discusses the difficulties created by the presence of heavy metals in groundwater supplies and the resulting health problems. Additionally, remediation methods are discussed for managing contaminated water to preserve the ecological environment for current and future generations, as well as their advantages and disadvantages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This systematic literature review was conducted to provide insights into how online readers' comments have been studied in the context of health over a 10-year span. About 593 studies published between 2010 and 2020; of these, 34 met the research criteria for inclusion. Our findings reveal that 60% of the studies focused on the United States, and a qualitative method was used in 74.3% of these studies. About 23.5% of the studies explored vaccine-related issues. Our results reveal that among the selected studies, 76.5% and 20.6% had female and male first authors, respectively. Textual analysis of abstracts shows that the top five keywords were news, HPV, vaccine, themes, and vaccination. However, 58.8% of the identified studies did not use any theoretical framework. In addition, nine health topics emerged: vaccines; health policies; nutritional and dietary choices; women's health issues; quality of life and wellbeing; smoking; engagement with health-related news content; COVID-19; and suicide and mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cow's milk is considered a complete food, providing high-quality protein and essential micronutrients, including vitamins and minerals. For medical reasons or as a lifestyle choice, consumers are replacing cow's milk with plant-based milk alternatives (PBMA); some perceive them as healthier alternatives to cow's milk due to their low saturated fatty acid content and no cholesterol content. However, the nutritional composition of PBMA is quite variable between different types and even within, which makes a comparison with cow's milk a complex issue. Furthermore, the consumption of PBMA has been associated with the development of some diseases in infants and children. Meanwhile, the consumption of cow's milk in human health is a controversial issue since it has been associated with a favorable effect in some diseases (such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and Alzheimer's) and a negative effect in others (such as prostate cancer risk and Parkinson's disease); while in some diseases, there is no consensus in the cow's milk consumption effect. The aim of this review is to make a nutritional comparison of cow's milk with PBMA and to clarify the potential health issues related to their consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alzheimer's disease (AD), characterized by stages like Early and Late Mild Cognitive Impairment (EMCI and LMCI), is a growing global concern. Accurate diagnosis is crucial for delaying its onset. Biomarkers like medical imaging and deep learning technology have been developed to address low early AD diagnosis accuracy. Deep learning algorithms can revolutionize the medical system by creating automatic diagnosis models and promoting artificial intelligence. However, existing studies have limitations, such as not considering complementarity between multiple features and ignoring spatial topological properties in the brain structure. It introduces two novel AD classification methods: Depth Double Deep Learning Method of Linear Attention Network (D3LM-LAN) based on Resnet-50, which incorporates a bilinear residual network structure, dual-channel data input, and hybrid attention module for enhanced PET and MRI multimodal data classification; and a machine learning approach using a Multi-Core Support Vector Machine (MLM-MCSVM) that improves softmax classifiers, optimizing data features and kernel functions via Particle Swarm Optimization. These models aid in effective intervention and personalized treatment planning, while the MLM-MCSVM model optimizes early detection with advanced feature selection. Together, these models enhance understanding of AD's heterogeneity, supporting evidence-based clinical practices and patient care. The study uses MRI and PET data to conduct two- and four-class experiments, testing AD vs. Normal Control (NC), MCI vs. NC, AD vs. MCI, EMCI, and LMCI. D3LM-LAN achieved accuracies of 97.74%, 95.01%, 93.82% and 95.69 % in two-class experiments. MLM-MCSVM further improved classification performance, demonstrating enhanced early diagnosis capabilities with accuracies of 98.59%, 96.53%, 95.77%, and 96.32%. • Proposes a multi-core SVM model for precise four-class AD prediction. • Optimizing metric-constrained feature selection and Kernel function. • Select features and classify AD using multimodal neuroimaging data. • Boosting accuracy and interpretability fine-tuning hyperparameters and attention mechanisms. • Analyzes optimization methods, revealing PSO's efficiency in Alzheimer's disease solution selection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sewerage system plays an important role to keep the city clean. The outdated drainage intensive care scheme unsuccessful to recognize in the pitch of forewarning the community about the gas ignition, growth in the ground water level and the unlocked lid. These arrangement straight effects on well being problems of inhabitants and wage earner who cleans the subversive drainage. The anticipated system is less expensive, less preservation, prolonged life expectancy and system constructed genuine stretch system, which keep posted the civic brigadier by type script communication when in the least manhole Greek cross the dawn value. Thus, the projected arrangement forecasting the hazardous conditions in drainage system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cereals and cereal-based products are primary sources of nutrition across the world. However, contamination of these foods with aflatoxins (AFs), secondary metabolites produced by several fungal species, has raised serious concerns. AF generation in innate substrates is influenced by several parameters, including the substrate type, fungus species, moisture content, minerals, humidity, temperature, and physical injury to the kernels. Consumption of AF-contaminated cereals and cereal-based products can lead to both acute and chronic health issues related to physical and mental maturity, reproduction, and the nervous system. Therefore, the precise detection methods, detoxification, and management strategies of AFs in cereal and cereal-based products are crucial for food safety as well as consumer health. Hence, this review provides a brief overview of the occurrence, chemical characteristics, biosynthetic processes, health hazards, and detection techniques of AFs, along with a focus on detoxification and management strategies that could be implemented for food safety and security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Citrobacter freundii (C. freundii) is an emerging and opportunistic Gram-negative bacteria of the human gastrointestinal tract associated with nosocomial and severe respiratory tract infections. It has also been associated with pneumonia, bloodstream, and urinary tract infections. Intrinsic and adaptive virulence characteristics of C. freundii have become a significant source of diarrheal infections and food poisoning among immune-compromised patients and newborns. Impulsive usage of antibiotics and these adaptive virulence characteristics has modulated the C. freundii into multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. Conventional approaches are futile against MDR C. freundii. Materials and Methods: The current study exploits the modern computational-based vaccine design approach to treat infections related to MDR C. freundii. A whole proteome of C. freundii (strain: CWH001) was retrieved to screen pathogenic and nonhomologous proteins. Six proteins were shortlisted for the selection of putative epitopes for vaccine construct. Highly antigenic, nonallergen, and nontoxic eleven B-cell, HTL, and TCL epitopes were selected for mRNA- and peptide-based multi-epitope vaccine construct. Secondary and tertiary structures of the multi-epitope vaccine (MEVC) were designed, refined, and validated. Results: Evaluation of population coverage of MHC-I and MHC-II alleles were 72% and 90%, respectively. Docking MEVC with TLR-3 receptor with the binding affinity of 21.46 (kcal/mol) occurred through the mmGBSA process. Further validations include codon optimization with an enhanced CAI value of 0.95 and GC content of about 51%. Immune stimulation and molecular dynamic simulation ensure the antibody production upon antigen interaction with the host and stability of the MEVC construct, respectively. Conclusions: These interpretations propose a new strategy to combat MDR C. freundii. Further, in vivo and in vitro trials of this vaccine will be valuable in combating MDR pathogens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The loss of hearing and thus communication affects the well-being of millions of people worldwide. Digital tools for coping with everyday life are becoming increasingly important and can have a positive impact on health literacy, especially among young adults. This raises the question of which issues such apps should specifically address in order to meet the needs of young adults with hearing loss or deafness., Methods: The aim was to identify the health issues of young adults (aged 18-28 years) with hearing loss or deafness in order to derive specific recommendations for a conversational agent (chatbot). A multiple embedded case study design consisting of chat interviews (n = 8) and an online-based expert survey (n = 14) was used., Results: The central phenomenon focuses on "The sense of belonging and feeling well in spite of hearing loss", which is influenced by two main categories: a. the ability to be oneself despite one's vulnerability; b. the desire to be strong despite one's vulnerability. Important health issues include depression, drug use, diet, exercise, isolation due to COVID measures and HIV prophylaxis., Conclusion: Written information must be provided in simple and accessible language supported by images and symbols. Conversation agents developed to support people with hearing impairment should be easy to install and self-explanatory to use., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier GmbH.)

Background: The postpartum or puerperium period is the first 6 weeks after giving birth to an infant. The postpartum period can have negative implications, especially in first-time mothers. With their transition into motherhood, new mothers adopt new lifestyles, which can affect their physical wellbeing. Childbirth has physical, psychological, and emotional effects on women as they try to adapt to their new roles in order to get through this period with no or minimal health issues. Study Aim: The current study aims to explore primiparous adaptations with postpartum health issues in Jeddah City at Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Methods: The research design is quantitative cross-sectional. A structured questionnaire was developed to collect data in relation to depression and weight gain, which consider the most common postpartum health issues. The inclusion criteria of the participants are: primipara, 2 to 6 months postpartum, and living in Jeddah. Results: 140 participants were included in the study. Mothers gained approximately 9.2 kg within the fifth to ninth month after giving birth. Discussion: Postpartum weight retention is a primary challenge in the majority of primiparous mothers and results in reduced quality of life. Nurses were always available to answer questions related to the postpartum health issues and explained the expectations to the family members. Conclusions: Childbirth and the postpartum period for first-time mothers are crucial in their lives as they try to adapt to a new way of life. The postpartum period can have negative implications, especially in first-time mothers. With their transition into motherhood, new mothers adopt new lifestyles, which can affect their physical wellbeing. More research is needed to explore the impact of postpartum health issues in Saudi Arabia.

The article examines the effect of cooking food in kitchens on the health of women, as women and children are at a greater risk to indoor air pollution (IAP). It is important to study the cooking practices and prevalent behaviours among African women to understand the magnitude of the danger they face. The study suggests that a decline in the combustion of solid fuels and the use of clean energy can improve health among women and children, as well as sustainability goals. Proverbs 17:22 says, ‘A joyful heart is the health of the body, but a depressed spirit dries up the bones’. Bible verse Numbers 35:33–34 indicates, ‘You shall not pollute the land in which you live’. The cooking fuel analysis framework among rural women in Africa will guide forward the governments’ sustainability policies for communities to ensure healthy lives and promote well-being of women and children. Contribution: The article conducts a comprehensive analysis of the literature on African cooking practices. A combined search string is made with keywords. Thematic content analysis is conducted with NVivo (produced by QSR International). The article covers two themes, namely improved well-being and suggesting policies to combat climate change and its impacts. Policies and schemes at grassroots levels and better economic conditions in African countries can help to overcome challenges and change health-damaging cooking behaviours. The new advanced sustainability analysis framework has the potential to influence modern kitchen fuels and increase the adoption of new technologies in African villages.

Background: This study examines the relationship between energy usage, health issues, and pro-environmental behaviour (PEB) in Kyrgyzstan amidst the country’s commitment to transition from coal-based energy to renewable sources, in line with the Paris Agreement. The purpose is to investigate citizens’ attitudes towards PEB and their intentions to engage in environmentally friendly actions, focusing on gas, electricity, and coal. Methods: Drawing upon the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) framework, a survey was conducted among 1455 respondents to explore attitudes towards PEB and energy sources’ impact on health issues. Results: Decarbonization efforts in Kyrgyzstan and Central Asia are in their early stages, with coal remaining a primary energy source. The study emphasizes the importance of governmental policies and citizen action in achieving decarbonization goals. Rising electricity costs outweigh the increase in indirect energy costs for food, posing challenges for households adapting to changing energy dynamics. Conclusions: Targeted interventions and communication strategies are crucial to promote pro-environmental behaviour and facilitate the transition to sustainable energy sources. Understanding the relationships between health concerns, air pollution awareness, PEB, and energy source choices can inform policymakers and organizations to ensure a sustainable and healthy future for Kyrgyzstan and other Central Asian countries.

1915; 250: 1-39 93 Shields V.D.C., Broomell B.P., Salako J.O.B. Host selection and acceptability of selected tree species by gypsy moth larvae, Lymantria dispar (L.). J. Pest Sci. 2000; 73: 125-126 237 Zúbrik M., Hajek A., Pilarska D., Spilda I., Georgiev G., Hrasovec B., Hirka A., Goertz D., Hoch G., Barta M. The potential for Entomophaga maimaiga to regulate gypsy moth Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) in Europe. 1956; 21: 148-157 78 Gray D.R., Ravlin F.W., Régnière J., Logan J.A. Further advances toward a model of gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar (L.)) egg phenology: Respiration rates and thermal responsiveness during diapause, and age-dependent developmental rates in postdiapause. 1993 110 Miller J.C., Hanson P.E. Laboratory studies on development of gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), larvae on foliage of gymnosperms. 1984 288 Liebhold A.M., Elkinton J.S., Wallner W.E. Effect of burlap bands on between-tree movement of late-instar gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera:Lymantriidae). [Extracted from the article]

Due to the precautions exercised to control the corona virus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, various population groups have acclimated to diverse levels of screen usage which may have substantial effects on physical and mental health. Numerous studies have been done to identify the screen time across various population segments. Digital screen use which includes television, computers, mobile phones and smart devices has been linked to a variety of health problems. Some of these health problems include obesity, high blood pressure, diabetes, myopia, depression, sleep difficulties and a variety of other noncommunicable diseases. This increased disease implication is prominent among those who have an inactive lifestyle which is likely to worsen during quarantine or isolation owing to COVID-19. As a result, it is vital to analyze the long-term health repercussions of such behavior. A study was conducted on various school children for their screen time usage via social media and Google forms. The study leads to the conclusion that the virtual mode of learning has caused various health issues in school children and traditional learning environment should be used to fix the health issues caused by the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Firewood is a solid biofuel that is widely used for cooking in Mexico's residential sector. This study seeks to identify relevant factors in firewood consumption patterns, and their implications for climate change, gender, and health, and for energy poverty in Mexico, by climate region and socioeconomic level. For this purpose, a statistical analysis was conducted of recently published official information. We estimate that a total of 31.3 million Mexicans—26% of the total population—use firewood, and we have identified three main types of users: (i) exclusive firewood users (30%); (ii) mixed firewood users using firewood as their primary fuel (18%) and (iii) mixed firewood users using firewood as their secondary fuel source (52%). Total consumption of firewood was estimated at 116.6 PJ, while estimated greenhouse gas emissions were 8.1 million tCO2e. Out of all the households studied, 53% were in the tropical climate region; 59% were categorized as being in the "low" socioeconomic level; and 75% were in population centers comprising fewer than 2500 inhabitants. Some 68% of households do not pay for the acquisition of firewood, and for those households that do pay for the resource, estimated transactions total USD 286.9 million. Expenditures on firewood for energy represent up to 10% of household income. Finally, it was estimated that 15.7 million direct users of firewood are women who use the resource in three-stone fires, in which they expose themselves to health risks in doing so. In conclusion, main universal findings, the study's limitations, and future research are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our world view is guided by the physical world, our knowledge, experiences and our perceptions and beliefs. Media is one of the powerful elements while shaping our world view in the age of globalization, through its presentations. Body image is an important part of one’s life, as having a positive body image can lead to a happier and satisfied life while a negative body image can lead to a damaging behavior. Media’s effects on people particularly women have caused many problems such as on health, which has been a recent topic for many scholars. The discussion which is dominating is either it has positive effect such as obesity or its cause or its negative effect such as thin ideal bodies preferable for women. This further has created many social, emotional, psychological and health issues. The problem of health either physical or mental has increased with the rapid globalization change. New images for body increases pressure for girls and women which causes health issues. These issues not only affect the health of girls and women but also their families’ lives. This study is important in many ways especially in terms of disclosing those factors that influences women to adopt ideal body described in media. There are researches conducted in the topic however, there are very limited amount of researches conducted in Pakistan especially in Balochistan. This study is unique in its nature, because it reveals the health issues associated with negative body images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The educational and social life of adolescents has been transformed in the last one and a half years, due to the global pandemic COVID-19. In order, to control, the expansion of this virus during the second wave (Feb.-August 2021), as it is a severe acute respiratory syndrome with modified features, all the educational institutions had been closed and even board examinations of central as well as state boards were cancelled. Students were forced to stay at home and classes were organised through online mode. Now adolescents, spend most of their time with their smartphones for attending their online classes as well as during their leisure time for socialising with their peers. The specific objective of the study is to examine the leisure time activities of adolescents during the second wave. The study is a cross-cultural study of 460 adolescents in the age group of (16-18) years studying in senior secondary class (Grade XIIth) in South Asian countries; India, Maldives, and Bhutan. The study has used tools such as Leisure Interest Measure (LIM by Ragheb and Beard, 1992) and a structured key information schedule designed for studying smartphone usage patterns (SPUP) for collecting information. AMOS 23, NVivo 12 and other statistical packages have been used for analysing the data, to test the model designed for studying leisure time activities and their effects. The results of the study focus on digital leisure and the health problems associated with it. The findings of the study will be helpful in policy formulation related to adolescents' technology usage and the effective use of their leisure time The study concluded that excess use of technology either for educational or any other purpose has a bad impact on the psycho-physiological health of adolescents and it requires serious attention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) global public health emergency, has exposed the fragility of health systems. Access to healthcare became a scarce commodity as healthcare providers and resource-poor populations became victims of the novel corona virus. Therefore, this study focuses on Africa's readiness to integrate telemedicine into the weak health systems and its adoption may help alleviate poor healthcare and poverty after COVID-19. We conducted a narrative review through different search strategies in Scopus on January 20, 2021, to identify available literature reporting implementation of various telemedicine modes in Africa from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2020. We summarized 54 studies according to geographies, field, and implementation methods. The results show a willingness to adopt telemedicine in the resource-poor settings and hard-to-reach populations, which will bring relief to the inadequate healthcare systems and alleviate poverty of those who feel the burden of healthcare cost the most. With adequate government financing, telemedicine promises to enhance the treating of communicable and non-communicable diseases as well as support health infrastructure. It can also alleviate poverty among vulnerable groups and hard-to-reach communities in Africa with adequate government financing. However, given the lack of funding in Africa, the challenges in implementing telemedicine require global and national strategies before it can yield promising results. This is especially true in regards to alleviating the multidimensionality of poverty in post-COVID-19 Africa.

COVID-19 pandemic has brought a paradigm shift in education with a trend of online learning and even schooling. During complete lockdown period schools were shifted to smartphones and computers. This study aimed to explore the pattern of smartphone use before and after the COVID-19 pandemic and the health issues of school-going children in post-COVID-19 period. There was a significant rise in the timings of mobile phone use from 2 hours to 7 hours per day. A total of 90% of student’s mothers reported behavioral change where lack of socializing was the most commonly reported change. Irritation of eyes and dryness were the most commonly reported ocular disorders. The rise of mobile phones has brought several behavioral and ocular disorders due to long hours of use. There is a need to confirm health-related issues of smartphone use in large prospective studies and develop preventive strategies.

The ethnic kinship of communities living on the borders of Gabon and Congo and their socioeconomic needs are the main drivers of cross-border mobility between the two countries. While these proximity cross-border flows have been responsible for the spread of HIV/AIDS from the Congolese driving territory to the Gabonese periphery, Ebola outbreaks have not spread beyond their original foci on the borders of the two countries. After retrospectively examining the impact of the health crises that confronted the Gabonese border margins during the years 1990-2000, this paper analyzes how the experience gained from the management of these previous outbreaks helped to control the spread of the EVD-19 pandemic in Gabon. From a methodological point of view, this paper is based on scientific and journalistic publications, institutional documents, epidemiological data made available by the Steering Committee of the Plan for Surveillance and Control of the Coronavirus Pandemic in Gabon (COPIL), as well as on field observations. Based on these investigations, and after two years of viral activity, it appears that the response strategy to the COVID-19 pandemic implemented by the Gabonese authorities has led to mixed results.

Perkembangan teknologi digital yang sangat pesat mempermudah ibu-ibu generasi milenial untuk mendapatkan informasi seputar kesehatan anak dan keluarga secara online. Tren pencarian informasi ini hendaknya disertai dengan kemampuan literasi digital yang baik untuk menjamin ketepatan dalam memilah informasi yang beredar. Penelitian ini mencoba untuk mendeskripsikan tingkat literasi digital ibu milenial dalam mengakses informasi terkait kesehatan anak dan keluarga. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah digital etnografi dengan paradigma post-positivisme. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara semi terstruktur terhadap tujuh ibu milenial yang berdomisili di beberapa kota besar di Indonesia, seperti Jakarta, Surabaya, dan Banjarmasin. Hasil dari penelitian ini memperlihatkan bahwa secara keseluruhan, kecakapan literasi digital mayoritas ibu milenial berada di tingkat sedang. Tingkat ini dipengaruhi oleh minat terhadap isu kesehatan tertentu serta pengalaman dari masing-masing ibu. Tingkat kecakapan literasi digital seorang ibu dapat mempengaruhi perilaku mereka sehari-hari. Lebih lanjut, temuan elemen penyebaran informasi dalam praktik literasi digital para ibu menambah kekayaan konsep dari literasi itu sendiri. The rapid development of digital technology made it easier for milenial generation mothers to get information online about child and family’s health. This information-seeking trend should be accompanied by excellent digital literacy skills to ensure accuracy in sorting out information. This study tried to describe the digital literacy competency of milenial mothers in accessing information related to child and family’s health. The research method used is digital ethnography with a post-positivist paradigm. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with seven milenial mothers living in several major cities in Indonesia, including Jakarta, Surabaya, and Banjarmasin. The results of this study showed that the digital literacy skills of milenial mothers were at a moderate level. This level was influenced by their interest in specific health issues and their experiences. Their level of digital literacy skills could possibly affect their daily behavior. Furthermore, the finding about the element of information dissemination element in this digital literacy practice would add to the richness of the literacy concept itself.

Dairy sheep farming is a dynamic economic activity in the Mediterranean region, with a crucial environmental and social role. The sustainability of this productive sector is a challenge as its profitability is threatened by several different factors. Health management is one of the key technical levers to respond to these challenges, by reducing the impairment of animal performance, permitting improved feed efficiency and reduced level of veterinary and medicine inputs. The promotion of knowledge, the implementation of best practices and innovation exchange between stakeholders to enhance the willingness of sheep farmers to adopt technical solutions and practices are very important for improving the profitability of flocks. This study presents the outcomes of an extended online survey carried out with different stakeholders of the dairy sheep sector in France, Greece, Italy, and Spain. The main health and management issues for adult ewes and lambs among production systems, stakeholders' categories and countries, and the main sources of information used by stakeholders to cope with the previous mentioned challenges were included to the questionnaire. Mastitis of the adult ewes, neonatal diseases and sheep shed management were recognized as the most important issues by the participants. Furthermore, this work provides insights on how to improve the understanding between farmers, veterinarians, advisors, and researchers in the Mediterranean region. In addition, our findings highlight the gaps in knowledge and suggest new topics for research and cooperation. • Mastitis was recognized as the most important health issue of ewes from farmers & advisors. • Neonatal diseases were identified as the major health issue of lambs. • Sheep shed and outdoor welfare management, and flock health plan are the main challenges. • Advisors, and other farmers were considered as the main sources of farmers' information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main focus of the study was to explore the rewards and consequences of wastewater irrigation in vegetables in the central Punjab. Two highly populated districts of the Punjab (Lahore & Faisalabad) were purposively selected as the targeted research area. Data were collected from randomly selected 120 vegetable growers from each district who used to do vegetable farming using wastewater. Total sample size of the study was 240 vegetable growers. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected by conducting research survey. Interview schedule as well as interview guide was used as the research instruments. The data thus collected were analyzed using SPSS for interpretation. Findings revealed the most prominent reason behind wastewater irrigation was uncertainty about energy supply. In addition, majority of the respondents were aware about health associated hazards (Hepatitis, Nausea etc.) of wastewater produced vegetables. It was further concluded that there exists a difference between mean of perceived rewards/incentives received from (especially untreated) wastewater irrigation in vegetables and mean its consequences/disadvantages. Therefore, it is recommended that timely and effective campaigns must be launched in the extensive vegetable growing areas for reduced use of wastewater irrigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines social determinants impacting the health and wellbeing of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander men in Australia. Social determinants prevent many men from thriving in community environments which also impacts on their social, work and family lives. We examine the impact on men's health and identify how men who participate in Men's Sheds/groups engage in learning about health interventions. Our study extends the work of Percival et al. and their Indigenous health promotion model. A qualitative case study approach conducted 'gatherings' and 'yarning circles' (focus groups) with men from urban, regional and remote areas of the country. We argue that men's groups can serve as a central intervention to support men to build their confidence to learn about health and wellbeing and how to thrive through activities in community life. Findings support health interventions delivered through training and mentoring around various health and other services, healthy eating, sport and fathering programmes (to name a few) to enhance awareness and men's vitality for learning. There are implications for our healthcare system to better understand the conditions of Aboriginal men's health and support these vulnerable groups. Our study proposes men's groups as culturally safe environments to promote and deliver central health promotion interventions that support men to thrive in all facets of their lives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Azo dyes are commonly used in textile color processing for their wide array of vibrant colors. However, in recent years these dyes have become of concern in wastewater management given their toxicity to humans and the environment. In the present work, researchers remediated water contaminated with azo dyes using silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) intercalated within cotton fabric as a catalyst, for their enhanced durability and reusability, in a reductive degradation method. Three azo dyes—methyl orange (MO), Congo red (CR), and Chicago Sky Blue 6B (CSBB)—were investigated. The azo degradation was monitored by UV/vis spectroscopy, degradation capacity, and turnover frequency (TOF). The Ag NP–cotton catalyst exhibited excellent degradation capacity for the dyes, i.e., MO (96.4% in 30 min), CR (96.5% in 18.5 min), and CSBB (99.8% in 21 min), with TOFs of 0.046 min−1, 0.082 min−1, and 0.056 min−1, respectively, using a 400 mg loading of catalyst for 100 mL of 25 mg L−1 dye. To keep their high reusability while maintaining high catalytic efficiency of >95% degradation after 10 cycles, Ag NPs immobilized within cotton fabric have promising potential as eco-friendly bio-embedded catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Physical education is a part of general education. It is taught through physical activities. It helps the individual to grow and control his body. His program usually consists of organized physical activities, in addition to physical exercise and sports. The program often includes the principles of physical hygiene and public health and health issues. When designing a physical education program, the principles of organology, psychology, philosophy, and art, as well as modern research, are taken into account. And the evolution of military power takes place. It enhances the physical and mental skills of individuals, increases their interest in sports and recreational pursuits, and helps to improve and raise social and moral standards. Physical education existed in one form or another in ancient times, and it is believed that the ancient nations, in view of their survival and preparation for war, used to arrange training of their youth for military skills and to make their bodies strong and healthy so that they would be safe from external dangers. Therefore, for the first time in the time of Hazrat Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), the Department of Education was established regularly and keeping in view the principles of physical hygiene and public health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]