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In this article, the theoretical views on strengthening the social position of women in Uzbekistan and their socialretrospective aspects are studied. It has been determined that women's activities in the country's development and future development are related to spiritual and moral imperatives, welfare of social life, formation of spiritual outlook in the form of a modern female phenomenon. Raising the position of women in society is based on the development of individual thought, experience, and activity in women's introspective behavior in the process of action, turning into an extroceptive approach. CHanges in women's lives at the basis of the development of society, subjective factors such as the objective and negative identification of the individual oriented towards the positive determining rational-optimistic goal that determines the position, gender stereotypes, tendency to empathy are revealed. It is explained that increasing the social activity of women in society is related to such components as moral quintessence of civil society, medical and social service, healthy lifestyle, social communicative ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, the contemporary identity discourse is highlighted within a Christian perspective of reconciliation, and a Daoist perspective of harmony. Reconciliation is placed in the context of the Hebrew Bible, focusing on the concepts of liberation, covenance, sin and atonement, and on the ministry of Jesus. Daoist harmony is discussed within a cosmic system of interconnectedness, non-disruption and non-interference. Contributions of Christianity and Daoism to reconciliation and harmony are critically evaluated as to their relevance for the contemporary identity discourse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Colors are critical for understanding the emotional aspect of the human artistic mind, such as that found in painting a landscape, still life, or portrait. First, we report how single colors are memorized in the brain; second, how pairs of colors harmonize in the dissociated brain under the influence of the emotional brain; third, we see how colored paintings are appreciated as beautiful or ugly in the dissociated brain areas led by the intrinsic reward system in the human brain. The orbitofrontal brain is probably one of the vital brain areas that brings us a value-based reward system that makes a unique contribution to emotional neuroaesthetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Religion and culture play a central role in building harmonious relations between followers of different religions, both within the nuclear family and in the extended family. This study examines the revitalisation of religious moderation with a cultural approach in strengthening tolerance. Data was obtained qualitatively from in-depth interviews and observations of families of different religions, religious leaders, traditional leaders, and other relevant informants. The research findings show that the family institution is the most crucial place in carrying out moderate religious culturalisation through the local wisdom values of kasiuluran [kinship], tengko situru [togetherness], and karapasan [tenacity]. Institutionally, traditional leaders, religious leaders, and clans in Tongkonan encourage peace in society, both in traditional and religious activities. Meanwhile, religious celebrations, traditional ceremonies, and community activities are occasions to socialise and interact by placing a firm tolerance for religious differences. Contribution: This study contributes to the realisation of tolerance through the application of moderate religious values and local wisdom that the world needs today. Strengthening interreligious relations is very important because the position of religion is complex and sensitive. This contribution is crucial in the midst of the rampant issue of radicalism in Indonesia lately. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the second section of Foucault's last course at the Collège de France, taught around four months before his death, emerges, apparently in an abrupt manner, an analysis exclusively devoted to Cynicism. Because of the time proximity between such analysis and his death, Foucault's late interest in Cynic philosophy has been interpreted as a kind of philosophical well. Rather than drawing attention to biographical aspects, the present article will intend both to explain the theoretical framework in which the Foucauldian concern for Cynicism is revealed and to show evidence of a continuity between Foucault's study of this phenomenon and what he had been exploring, not only in The Courage of Truth, but also throughout his intellectual work during the eighties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Existing research has established a link between leader–member exchange (LMX) and employee voice. However, there is still a wide scope for exploring the mechanisms of this relationship. From the perspective of traditional Chinese values, we investigated the mediating role of Zhongyong thinking in the relationship between LMX and employee voice. We conducted a field survey with 252 employees of a state-owned organization in China. Results of structural equation modeling show there was a significant and positive relationship between LMX and employee voice. Additionally, Zhongyong thinking was an important mediating mechanism. This study indicates voice behavior can be fostered by establishing a high-quality LMX relationship and cultivating Zhongyong thinking among employees. Suggestions for future research are offered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a new symbolic corpus of musical themes from the complete Star Wars trilogies (Episodes I-IX) by John Williams. The corpus files are made available in multiple formats (.krn, .sib., and .musicxml) and include melodic, harmonic, and formal information. The Star Wars Thematic Corpus (SWTC) contains a total of 64 distinctive, recurring, and symbolically meaningful themes and motifs, commonly referred to as leitmotifs. Through this corpus we also introduce a new humdrum standard for non-functional harmony encodings, harte (Harte et al., 2005; Harte, 2010). This report details the motivation, describes the transcription and encoding processes, and provides some brief summary statistics. While relatively small in scale, the SWTC represents a unified collection from one of the most prolific and influential composers of the 20th and 21st centuries, and the under-studied subset of film and multimedia musical material in general. We hope the SWTC will provide insights into John Williams' compositional style, as well as prove useful in comparisons against other thematic corpora from film and beyond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study replicates and extends previous research investigating young adults' ability to conserve melody under different harmonic contexts by comparing Chinese listeners (N = 131) with U.S. listeners (Liu, 2018; N = 61). Using identical stimuli and procedures from the original study, participants listened to 34 pairs of melodic examples and identified whether the melody presented was the "same or different." Results indicated Chinese listeners had a well-developed ability to identify the sameness of a melody when it was presented (a) alone, then with harmony (Task I); (b) with harmony, then with different harmony (Task II); and (c) with harmony, then alone (Task III, a reversed task of Task I). Overall, Chinese participants performed significantly better than U.S. participants. Corroborating prior research, music reversibility was also observed among Chinese listeners, as demonstrated by successful responses in two reversed music tasks (Task I and Task III). The performance differences on Task II between listeners with low versus no level of mastering reversibility regardless of country of origin and between Chinese listeners only with a high and a low level of reversibility further support the concept of music reversibility and its role in musical thinking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to describe the socio-religious life in Kampung Laut, Cilacap, Central Java, which lives in harmony in the midst of the diversity of beliefs that exist in society. The development of the Kampung Laut community has socio-religious characteristics for the southern coastal community. The diversity of the religious population is not a cause that can cause conflict in the Kampung Laut community. Muslims and Christians live without interfering with the worship practices and rituals of followers of other religions. The focus of this study is to analyze the interaction between religious communities, especially between Christians and Muslims in Kampung Laut as the implementation of the teachings of the Bible and the Qur'an. The specification of this research is descriptive qualitative, which is stated by the respondents in writing or verbally as well as real behavior, which is studied and studied in its entirety. The data that has been obtained is processed using the Miles and Huberman model which includes data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions or verification. Research shows that Christians apply the values in the Bible and so do Muslims apply the teachings of the Qur'an in social life. Then, the values of harmony that they carry out in life are in the Holy Scriptures such as the Bible and the Qur'an which create harmony in social life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Creation of the Universe is a theme that inspired artists and musicians throughout the ages. However, it was not only the idea of creation that aroused the interest of these artists, but also the existence of Chaos, which is believed to have preceded the act of creation. In the France of Louis XIV, arts and music were profoundly influenced by Classical Antiquity, as proven by the artworks of this era. Artists and composers sought to depict the creation of the Universe, often resorting to the theory of elements - however, this was subordinated to the ideas of the Catholic doctrine. An interesting musical representation of Chaos and the creation of the Universe belongs to Jean-Féry Rebel (1666-1747), who played an important part in the evolution of the French Baroque. In the simfonie nouvelle for orchestra Les Élements (1737-1738), the composer evokes the state of chaos that preceded the act of creation, using certain harmonic, melodic, and rhythmic constructions. The entire work reflects the aesthetic ideal of the French Baroque, that approaches art as harmonious imitation of nature. In Rebel's work the primordial elements gradually become distinct, each receives a clear musical and rhythmic profile, allowing them to be easily identified throughout the work. Rebel also associates these elements to certain dances, as can be observed in the musical numbers that follow the Chaos, the fluidity and grace of the music reflecting the balanced and refined dance movements of the period. Rebel's musical evocation points to future representations of this theme, at the same time containing several features that prove the composer's visionary musical imagination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Each of us is challenged to develop solutions for communication with patients in our own field. What I would like to offer comes, on the one hand, from my own communication practice with subjects and, on the other hand, from a philosophy and technique of communication that proposes to behave strategically towards one's interlocutor: Neurolinguistic Programming (NLP). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is an analysis of Beethoven's song cycle An die ferne Geliebte (To the Distant Beloved), op. 98, formally, tonally and harmonically. After a brief introduction, the author takes the songs in order, describing them analytically, placing the interesting and idiosyncratic arrangements in the light of the lyrics. She draws dramaturgical parallels between the text and the musical arrangements. Finally, she illustrates her analysis with formal and tonal summary tables and graphs, thus helping to understand and summarise the songs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper makes the case for including critical harmony as a complement to justice within civic education. The concept of harmony is significant for civic education because it acknowledges the crucial role that relationships play in society—an important moral, ethical, and social ideal in many cultures around the world. Harmony must also incorporate a critical dimension, however, by embracing conflict and tension, valuing difference and diversity, and striving for balance among divergent voices. By using examples of public issues such as housing and gender identity to illustrate the relational dimension of public policy, this paper argues that the concept of critical harmony can contribute to a more comprehensive foundation for students' deliberation of civic issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

FluidHarmony is an algorithmic method for defining a hierarchical harmonic lexicon in equal temperaments. It utilizes an enharmonic weighted Fourier transform space to represent pitch class set (pcsets) relations. The method ranks pcsets based on user-defined constraints: the importance of interval classes (ICs) and a reference pcset. Evaluation of 5,184 Western musical pieces from the 16th to 20th centuries shows FluidHarmony captures 8% of the corpus's harmony in its top pcsets. This highlights the role of ICs and a reference pcset in regulating harmony in Western tonal music while enabling systematic approaches to define hierarchies and establish metrics beyond 12-TET. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

this paper is an analysis of the musical form and harmonic progressions on "Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band", first track of the album with same name, and its Reprise that occurs on track 12. In the formal analysis, concepts from the theory of formal functions developed by William Caplin for the classical repertoire and adapted for the analysis of Rock by Drew Nobile will be used. Both tracks will first be considered separately, but then analyzed as a unique song. In the harmonic analysis, concepts of triadic pentatonic patterns developed by Walter Everett and Nicole Biamonte will be used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

John Behr has noticed that Irenaeus uses the terms "harmony" and "symphony" to describe both God's action in salvation and the Church's action in right proclamation. However, Irenaeus does a great deal more with "harmony" than this. This paper argues that Irenaeus' discussion of harmony both corresponds to and christianizes the classical notion of harmonia along three lines: cosmological harmony, mythological harmony, and literary harmony. The paper begins by demonstrating the relationship between these three lines in classical thought, paying special attention to Plato and Quintillian. Then, it demonstrates the relationship between these three lines in Against Heresies. In a third section, it argues that Irenaeus' use of classical harmonia christianizes the notion along all three lines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to analyze communication management for the development of competitive moderation and religious harmony in Islamic boarding schools. This study uses a qualitative method with a case study analysis approach. This research was conducted on three targets Islamic Boarding School, namely the Bany Ali South Rengasdengklok Islamic Boarding School, Al Muslih Islamic Boarding School and Al-Fathimiyah Islamic Boarding School East Telukjambe Karawang Regency, playing the function of collaborating with the Religious Harmony Forum and the Karawang Regency Ministry of Religion to develop moderation and religious harmony. The researcher intends to carefully investigate a program, event, activity, group, or individual process using observation, interview, and documentation techniques. The types of data used in this study are primary data and secondary data. The research respondents were ten administrators from each Islamic Boarding School. The results showed that the communication management model in the South Bany Ali Rengasdengklok Islamic Boarding School, Al Muslih Islamic Boarding School, and East Telukjambe Islamic Boarding School in Karawang Regency in its role could change the structure, ideas, and thoughts in the formation of a pluralist society by first developing it in their environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyses the curricula of the school subject Harmony (The Science of Harmony) throughout the period of twelve decades (1899‒2020), i.e. since the foundation of the first music school in Serbia up to the present day. The necessary and frequently unavoidable changes of these curricula have passed through five stages, or five steps in the development of the educational system and the concept of the school subject Harmony taught in secondary music schools. The examination of the dynamics and range of changes applied in order to define the goals, content, structure and character of the school subject Harmony is based on the analysis and classification of the available resources and data. The aim of this research is twofold: to examine the level and type of changes occurring in the Harmony curricula and to analyze and interpret the impact of the study of Harmony on personality and character of musicians of multiple career profiles. Music school students are thus allowed to devise their own career path and apply the acquired knowledge in practice when either playing an instrument, or singing, playing in an orchestra, analyzing music literature or simply exhibiting their creativity and potentials in various ways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a close reading of 'Lines Written a Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey', my article examines the poem's musical quality that is central to our understanding of the theme of revisitation and memory. My article posits a significant coherence between readers' aural involvement with the poem's formal musicality and the poet-speaker's own hearing and re-hearing experience within the poem. Situating the performative nature of 'Tintern Abbey' in relation to the theory of musical meaning and emotion inaugurated by music psychologist and philosopher, Leonard B. Meyer, my article presents a novel perspective on how the associative process of Wordsworth's auditory memory shapes the poet's unique definition and representation of harmony. By reading the poet's associative auditory experience and the poem's musical expressiveness as manifestations of the constructive tension between Wordsworth's tragic consciousness and personal optimism, I argue that 'Tintern Abbey' does not create harmony by diminishing and dissipating dissonance, but by sounding and sustaining a range of possibilities and varieties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the advent of two foundational characteristics of the modern concept of harmony inaugurated by Rameau's Traité de l'harmonie (1722): first, that its principal objects are sonorities of three or more distinct pitch classes, that is, consonant and dissonant chords; and second, that these chords "move" from one to the next in ways determined by certain inherent relations among them, in a process in which dissonances, as well as consonances, play a significant if not crucial role. This article shows that the ancestors of these two fundamental properties of harmony, newly understood as a specifically polyphonic phenomenon, first emerged into theoretical discourse in polemical writings of the Northern Italian theorists Nicolò Burzio (1487), Giovanni Spataro (1491), and Franchino Gaffurio (1496, 1518), sparked by the inflammatory views of Bartolomeo Ramos de Pareia (1482). Moreover, while these ideas about harmony come to cohabit in Gioseffo Zarlino's Istitutioni harmoniche (1558), they were initially proposed not as complementary but as explicitly competing new conceptions of the nature of harmony, advanced to support their authors' polemical positions and attacks on each other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

WE USED IMPLICIT AND EXPLICIT TASKS TO MEASURE knowledge of Western harmony in musically trained and untrained Canadian children. Younger children were 6-7 years of age; older children were 10-11. On each trial, participants heard a sequence of five piano chords. The first four chords established a major-key context. The final chord was the standard, expected tonic of the context or one of two deviant endings: the highly unexpected flat supertonic or the moderately unexpected subdominant. In the implicit task, children identified the timbre of the final chord (guitar or piano) as quickly as possible. Response times were faster for the tonic ending than for either deviant ending, but the magnitude of the priming effect was similar for the two deviants, and the effect did not vary as a function of age or music training. In the explicit task, children rated how good each chord sequence sounded. Ratings were highest for sequences with the tonic ending, intermediate for the subdominant, and lowest for the flat supertonic. Moreover, the difference between the tonic and deviant sequences was larger for older children with music training. Thus, the explicit task provided a more nuanced picture of musical knowledge than did the implicit task. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Saul Bass and Bernard Herrmann provided the visuals and music, respectively, for the main title of Alfred Hitchcock's 1958 movie Vertigo. These artworks correspond with one another in three ways. First, when aligning two dimensions of visual and pitch brightness, a portion of each artwork moves through this two-dimensional space using a similar path. Second, when arranging some of the tonal materials onto a certain space, these materials transform into each other using transformations similar to those that animate some of the visual designs. Third, under partial enharmonic equivalence, these pitch spaces curl into a partly-closed and partly-open shape that closely resembles manipulated visual forms whose looped closure is partially obscured. The first and third ways shed significant light on the film's narrative, and the first way in particular parallels the film's central dramatic form. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

'Restorative justice' (RJ) has been a popular notion in Canada. A common belief has been that "western approaches' to RJ are compatible with that of Canada's Aboriginals. I hold a different position. I argue that the religious beliefs of Canada's Aboriginals are basic to their understanding of RJ. As such, their view of RJ is essentially incompatible with western approaches, which are secular. Any similarity between the two is only an apparent one produced by the indiscriminate uses of similar terms such as 'holistic', 'healing' or 'restoration'. I support my argument by providing an account of Canada's largest Aboriginal group's view of RJ: the Cree. I demonstrate that it is based on certain religious principles that are absent from western approaches to RJ. As such, it is fundamentally incompatible with secular western approaches to RJ in Canada. These religious principles, basically and broadly speaking, are shared by all Aboriginal groups in Canada. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Innovative and creative employees are crucial for increasing organizations' competitive advantage. This study examined the relationship between Zhongyong thinking and employee innovative behavior, along with the mediating role of leader–member exchange (LMX). Participants were 275 subordinates and 61 supervisors employed at a large enterprise in China. We tested the proposed hypotheses with structural equation modeling based on a time-lagged survey. The results show that, as predicted, both Zhongyong thinking and LMX were positively related to subordinates' innovative behavior. Furthermore, LMX partially mediated the relationship between Zhongyong thinking and subordinates' innovative behavior. These findings point to the importance of both Zhongyong thinking and LMX for innovative behavior in an organization. Implications are discussed for research and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relation between heaven and humanity is a central topic in Chinese philosophy. It is often examined through tianren heyi, a term considered the most significant to Chinese culture. In this article, I argue that tianren heyi is inappropriate and even misleading in our discussion of the relation between heaven and humanity. I investigate its absence from pre‐Qin texts, the ambiguity of its meaning, and the exaggeration of its significance in Chinese philosophy. Hence, I advance tong as an alternative. My argument consists of two parts. First, I demonstrate that, in contrast to tianren heyi, tong is widely used as an important term by various early philosophical streams. Second, I focus on Mohist shangtong, Confucian datong, and Taoist xuantong, presenting how different philosophical streams take tong as a central term to develop distinct theories of the ideal relation between heaven and humanity. Instead of tianren heyi, tong can provide a solid step to a full understanding of how heaven and humanity are united. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Cathedral of San Cristóbal de las Casas in Chiapas (16th century), is an iconic building for visitors and inhabitants of this city. Its current composition is the result of renovations and reconstructions carried out in different historical periods, which have contributed to shaping the visual appeal that it currently has. As a result of the Spanish construction traditions, some proportioning systems created in the Renaissance artistic movement are present in it, the analysis of which is essential to understand the characteristic features of the cathedral. This article presents a study of the cathedral’s facade, its composition and geometric layout, and determines its relationship with the sizing patterns used in other religious buildings of the same period in Mexico. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article argues that Robert Schumann and Johannes Brahms gave their music a blurry, Romantic quality by distorting well-known harmonic progressions. After identifying the basic progression that underpins the music, the analyses discuss the rhythmic dislocations that cause chords to overlap and merge together. The essay bridges a gap between an important aspect of the Romantic aesthetic and our theoretical understanding of Schumann's and Brahms's harmonic vocabulary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Music can brings us to light, when it is not dissonant, not dominated by an aggressive rhythm, by a congestion of timbres or by... consumerism that consumes everything - including our values and tranquility. Spiritual tranquility is a sign of spiritual health; it influences our inner thoughts and emotions, representing an essential aspect in cultivating one's spiritual life. This is the whisper of the mystical and transcendental Arietta in the last Beehovenian sonata for piano, her secret, variational message: the last part of the last sonata which seems open, unfinished, concluded however with an evanescent melody which searches its identity at unsuspected heights. The aim of the work is to evidence a first analysis of the postures of silence in musical art, and its structure highlights the stylistic characteristics of Beethoven's masterpiece in this sense. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The seven notes of the major scale have since long formed the basis for music theory and music analysis in a European and Anglo-American context. Diatonic music is divided into different keys based around a specific tonal centre – the tonic. This article highlights music that does not conform to the traditional harmonic movement within a key. Such music usually requires an unnecessarily complex theoretical explanation using established theoretical concepts when analysing tonal content. Some musicologists use traditional analysis to demonstrate how, for example, rock music differs from more traditional keycentred music. Other musicologists claim that certain music has established a practice and a tonal language of its own and should be analysed as such. So, how should harmony in music be defined, if not through the notion of traditional keys? In this article a new concept is proposed – harmonic shapes. These shapes are outlined over a pitch space, and can serve as a tool both for analysis and for creating music. Maybe a concept like this can help creators break free from a traditional framework, and still have a kind of dogma and direction for their creativity? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Only one allusion to the phrase "the faith once delivered to the saints" (Jude 3) survives from the early church, in Book 10 of Origen's Commentary on John. This article establishes that Origen is offering a close paraphrase of this saying, and suggests that it appears as a slogan, possibly reflecting use by other Christians, in favour of overriding the implications of the spiritual reading of John 2.20–22. It shows how Origen's interpretative procedures – distinguishing literal and spiritual senses, and invoking the key principle of Scripture's internal harmony – interact and combine to resist this deployment of Jude 3. Although this requires Origen to admit some kind of "change of good things once given to the saints", it constitutes an application and further elucidation of his careful exegetical method which, ultimately, "preserves the harmony of the narrative of the Scriptures". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Conclusion formed an influential presence in the same Andalusian poet in general, and among the poets of BaniAl- Ahmar (the study sample) in particular, specially figurative formation as an artistic feature because of its importance in the succession of its part and their interrelation. Then, the recipient can easily absorb the text and ease using this formation, and since the conclusion is the solid base on which the poets leans and the abstract which the poet must take care of more than the rest of the poem’s parts, and without it the poem loses its serenitly and its purpose indicative of its content and its being, and its steadfastness to the recipient in terms of ideas and contents and this formation of the conclusion achieved a presentation through its close connection with the other parts of the poem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We highlight the need for ecological justice and ecological ethics to go hand in hand with social justice in conservation science. We focus on the importance of ecocentric (non-anthropocentric) worldviews for advancing both social and ecological justice. While acknowledging the need to "decolonize" conservation, we question whether conservation as a whole may be justifiably termed "colonial"; noting that colonialism in the name of profit and political power has long been a main driver of both human rights abuses and biodiversity loss. Moreover, modern conservation science explicitly strives for social justice and equity while protecting biological diversity and thus ought not to be conflated with colonialism's long and unjust history. We suggest that efforts to portray modern conservation science as patriarchal, racist, and colonial are shortsighted, disregarding longstanding efforts by conservationists to reconcile social and ecological values. Such critiques may adopt a patronizing approach to Indigenous and local peoples, portraying them as idealized guardians. Such views may obscure the complex socio-economic conditions that leave indigenous and local communities vulnerable to resource exploitation; these factors must be understood if these groups are to fulfil their vital role as conservation allies. We conclude that the conservation community should shift focus toward targeting the main political actors and economic structures that oppress both humans and non-humans alike. A more nuanced appreciation of the shared history of colonialism and conservation may illuminate how social and ecological values converge in the mission of sustaining the ecological life support system on which every human and non-human being depends. • Imperialism, not conservation, is mainly responsible for social injustice. • Imperialistic colonialism should not be conflated with conservation. • Social and ecological justice must go hand in hand. • Ecocentrism is a key pathway to ecological and social justice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Harmonic analyses of popular music typically take the minor tonic to be Roman numeral "one." By nature, this "one-based" approach requires a new numbering scheme when songs shift between relative key centers. Recent scholarship has argued, however, that popular music often involves ambiguity between relative tonalities, as exemplified in the "Axis" progression, if not sometimes a tonal fusion of two relative keys. I thus argue for the utility of a "six-based" approach to the minor tonic, where the minor tonic is taken to be scale-degree 6. This six-based approach, common among practitioners of popular music as seen in the Nashville number system, avoids the forced choice of a single tonic, and it thus offers a consistent way to track chord function and behavior across shifts between relative key centers. After considering these shifts in a diatonic context on the levels of both phrase and song form, I posit that popular music involves three possible tonalities, together which form a "triple-tonic complex" akin to Stephenson's three harmonic palettes: a major system, a parallel-minor system, and a relative-minor system. I conclude by considering how chromatic chords common in a major key, such as II and VII, correspond to their counterparts in the relative minor, IV and II, thereby collapsing the landscape of diatonic modes into three modal complexes. Overall, the paper serves to reveal the logic of six-based minor --why it is useful, what issues it resolves, and what insights it can afford us about harmonic syntax in popular music. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zoltán Gárdonyi (1906-1986) composed his work entitled Három Nagyheti Kép (Three Holy Week Events) in 1966. At that time, he was a professor at the Liszt Ferenc Academy of Music, in Budapest. He composed the work for organ and a string ensemble (1st violin, 2nd violin, viola, cello, double bass). The work has three movements, as the title Három Nagyheti Kép (Three Holy Week Events) suggests.4 This paper analyses the work in question in detail, from a harmonic and formal point of view. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on Paul Ricoeur's "little ethics" and Chung-ying Cheng's work on Confucian and Kantian ethics, this essay reinforces the broad outlines of a cross- cultural framework for reconciling conflicts between the good and the right, teleology and deontology, and perfectionism and liberalism so that we can recognize dynamic concerns across the grand sweep of moral life. Ricoeur and Cheng describe roughly parallel sets of relations and highlight similar dynamics among three planes of ethical life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies on religious tolerance are very important to do, especially in the context of the pluralistic Indonesian nation. In the framework of multiculturalism, religion must transcend the boundaries of language, ethnicity and also particular cultures. Religion is no longer itself separate from worldly projects and other dimensions. Religion that has entered a multicultural society will experience an acculturation process so that religion can have many versions, especially in the aspect of implementation. Starting from the perspective of understanding to the importance of religion in accordance with the culture of each region or place. It is from this multicultural society that differences in expression are born in carrying out religious orders. The role becomes very important when religion has been embraced by human social groups, which are associated with meeting the complex needs of human life in society. In a sociological perspective, religion is seen as a belief system that is manifested in certain social behaviors. Religion deals with human experience, both as individuals and groups. Therefore, the behavior played by individuals or groups will be related to the belief system of their religious teachings. Individual and social behavior is driven by internal strength, which is based on internalized religious values and has become one of the important pillars in shaping a harmonious, just and prosperous society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Although many clinicians have attempted music training for the hearing-impaired children, no specific effects have yet been reported for individual music components. This paper seeks to discover specific music components that help in improving speech perception of children with cochlear implants (CI) and to identify the effective training periods and methods needed for each component. Method: While assessing 5 electronic databases, that is, ScienceDirect, Scopus, PubMed, CINAHL, and Web of Science, 1,638 articles were found initially. After the screening and eligibility assessment stage based on the Participants, Intervention, Comparisons, Outcome, and Study Design (PICOS) inclusion criteria, 18 of 1,449 articles were chosen. Results: A total of 18 studies and 14 studies (209 participants) were analyzed using a systematic review and meta-analysis, respectively. No publication bias was detected based on an Egger's regression result even though the funnel plot was asymmetrical. The results of the meta-analysis revealed that the largest improvement was seen for rhythm perception, followed by the perception of pitch and harmony and smallest for timbre perception after the music training. The duration of training affected the rhythm, pitch, and harmony perception but not the timbre. Interestingly, musical activities, such as singing, produced the biggest effect size, implying that children with CI obtained the greatest benefits of music training by singing, followed by playing an instrument and achieved the smallest effect by only listening to musical stimuli. Significant improvement in pitch perception helped with the enhancement of prosody perception. Conclusion: Music training can improve the music perception of children with CI and enhance their speech prosody. Long training duration was shown to provide the largest training effect of the children's perception improvement. The children with CI learned rhythm and pitch better than they did with harmony and timbre. These results support the finding of past studies that with music training, both rhythm and pitch perception can be improved, and it also helps in the development of prosody perception. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The majority of research in the field of music perception has been conducted with Western participants, and it has remained unclear which aspects of music perception are culture dependent, and which are universal. The current study compared how participants unfamiliar with Western music (people from the Khowar and Kalash tribes native to Northwest Pakistan with minimal exposure to Western music) perceive affect (positive versus negative) in musical chords compared with United Kingdom (UK) listeners, as well as the overall preference for these chords. The stimuli consisted of four distinct chord types (major, minor, augmented, and chromatic) and were played as both vertical blocks (pitches presented concurrently) and arpeggios (pitches presented successively). The results suggest that the Western listener major‐positive minor‐negative affective distinction is opposite for Northwest Pakistani listeners, arguably because of the reversed prevalence of these chords in the two music cultures. The aversion to the harsh dissonance of the chromatic cluster is present cross‐culturally, but the preference for the consonance of the major triad varies between UK and Northwest Pakistani listeners, depending on cultural familiarity. Our findings imply not only notable cultural variation but also commonalities in chord perception across Western and non‐Western listeners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What is the relation between love and justice? In God, love and justice are in perfect harmony. In humans, this harmony depreciates as a result of the sins committed by them. Christ restores harmony between love and justice by tying them to a common element: sacrifice. The Church continues Christ's work and, through all its Mysteries, especially Confession and Liturgy, it searches to raise man to a sacrificial statute, which leads to a harmonisation in love and justice. Apocatastasis and inquisition are the extremes people fell in by the exaggeration of love and justice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the global average age increases, the incidence of dementia is also rising. Given improvements in diagnosis and life expectancies, people now live longer with dementia. Thus, the wellbeing and quality of life among people living with dementia are increasingly important areas for research. Research with Western populations has recently begun to apply positive psychology concepts to understand wellbeing in people with dementia. Positive psychology focuses on positive emotions and traits that allow individuals to flourish and thrive—it highlights the possibility of positive subjective experiences in the face of loss and functional decline, and contrasts the traditional deficit-focused perception of dementia. Despite being a major driver in the global growth of dementia prevalence, there is a dearth of research using such positive concepts to understand people with dementia in non-Western communities. This review contains discussion of research on positive constructs in Chinese older adults, and parallels between traditional Chinese cultural values and positive psychology. On this basis, we propose the applicability of a positive psychology framework to Chinese people with dementia, and that 'harmony' is an important culturally specific concept to consider in this area of research. A positive psychology approach acknowledges that strengths and positive experiences can endure after dementia diagnosis. This not only adds to the under-researched area of lived experience of dementia in Chinese people, but highlights areas that could be the focus of interventions or measured as outcomes. By improving understanding, this approach also has potential to reduce carer burden and stigma around dementia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Minangkabau is one of the ethnic groups and also the name of their land in West Sumatra, Indonesia. To achieve harmonious life, Minangkabau people practice a negotiation tradition to solve problems and their interrelationship with other ethnic groups. Instead of a new invention, local elites have long-established this negotiation tradition since the declaration of adat basandi syarak, syarak basandi kitabullah (the custom-built upon Islamic law, Islamic law built upon the Quran) as the identity of Minangkabau people. This declaration of identity resulted from the negotiation between local elites and religious elites in the past when they made reconciliation to build harmony together. Thus, the philosophy of adat basandi syarak, syarak basandi kitabullah is a symbol rather than peace because it was formulated after the negotiation process between local and religious elites to end the conflict between them. This negotiation has brought the agreement that guarantees living side by side in harmony and building Minangkabau together. Eventually, the negotiation tradition becomes a daily practice for the Minangkabau community in making every decision and resolving problems in the community. If the decision-making or problem-solving is not carried out through negotiation, it often leads to disharmony in society. The negotiation tradition in the Minangkabau community is strengthened by joint meetings in determining and deciding various issues in which every party in the forum deliberate in creating a mutually acceptable agreement. Understandably, harmonious life can be achieved in a society when negotiation is widely practiced. In the Minangkabau community, the negotiation tradition does not come on its own, but local and religious elites have developed for a long time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the first volume of his systemic series, German theologian Jürgen Moltmann begins his systematics with a musical metaphor; "The eschatological is not one element of Christianity, but it is the medium of Christian faith as such, the key in which everything is set ..." Moltmann then goes on to propose that the eschaton is a temporal event, which breaks the logic of his initial metaphor of the key signature. This essay will explore the differences between understanding the eschaton explicated as the key that Christian hope is set as opposed to a temporal alternative, such as the time signature. Jeremy Begbie is brought into the conversation to explicate how "harmony" can guide our conversation of music theory, and Miguel De La Torre illuminates how Moltmann's claim, which while revolutionary in many aspects, continues to rely on Eurocentric understanding of salvation history, just as music theory tends towards Eurocentrism. We also examine what we lose out on when we leave this uninterrogated. To conclude, we explore how Moltmann's proposal about Christian hope becomes more coherent within the metaphor of key signature and right relationship instead of time signature and temporality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AMONG THE THREE PRIMARY TONAL FUNCTIONS described in modern theory textbooks, the predominant has the highest number of representative chords. We posit that one unifying feature of the predominant function is its attraction to V, and the experiment reported here investigates factors that may contribute to this perception. Participants were junior/senior music majors, freshman music majors, and people from the general population recruited on Prolific.co. In each trial, four Shepard-tone sounds in the key of C were presented: 1) the tonic note, 2) one of 31 different chords, 3) the dominant triad, and 4) the tonic note. Participants rated the strength of attraction between the second and third chords. Across all individuals, diatonic and chromatic pre-dominant chords were rated significantly higher than non-pre-dominant chords and bridge chords. Further, music theory training moderated this relationship, with individuals with more theory training rating pre-dominant chords as being more attracted to the dominant. A final data analysis modeled the role of empirical features of the chords preceding the Vchord, finding that chords with roots moving to V down by fifth, chords with less acoustical roughness, and chords with more semitones adjacent to V were all significant predictors of attraction ratings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with a new hybridization methodology of Grey integrated Harmony search algorithm (GR-HSA) for predictive modeling. Simultaneously, parametric optimization during drilling of Graphite reinforced epoxy composites using the TiAlN coated SiC drill. Three process constraints namely spindle speed (N), feed (F), and wt.% of Graphite (G%), varied at four discrete levels, and Taguchi-based L16 orthogonal array used for experimentation. Machining performance is considered as material removal rate (MRR), thrust force (Th), torque (T), and surface roughness (Ra). A statistical model was established between input and output functions. Multiple performances are aggregated into an objective function known as Grey relation grade (GRG). Non-linear regression analysis inveterates the fitness function to the implementation of the Harmony search algorithm. The outcome revealed that the GR-HSA module shows the higher application potential with an improvement of 3.55% over the traditional GRA-Taguchi method. Further, high resolution scanning analysis was made to evaluate the quality of the drilled hole. The results inferred that spindle speed in the case of GR-HSA (2500 rpm) increases the temperature between the machining interface, which softens the polymeric material of the machining zone. This, in turn, gives a lower value of thrust force with improved surface finishing. The results of the scanning test demonstrate the feasibility of the GR-HSA hybrid method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the role of cultural values in influencing counterproductive work behaviours (CWBs). In particular, it focuses on the cultural values of power distance, long-term orientation and collectivism (both horizontal and vertical collectivism) as well as the Confucian values of guanxi and harmony. In line with recent approaches in moral psychology and sociology, we consider how Confucian values become moral triggers or inhibitors for employees to engage in CWB. In addition, we consider the moderating effects of guanxi and harmony on the relationships between the cultural values of power distance, long-term orientation, collectivism and CWB. The results from a survey of 489 white-collar employees in China confirmed the importance of cultural values in influencing CWB. Specifically, our findings indicate that guanxi moderates the relationship between cultural values and CWB and acts as a moral trigger for an employee to engage in CWB. With the exception of horizontal collectivism, we also found that harmony moderates the relationship between cultural values and CWB. Specifically, harmony acts as a moral inhibitor for an employee to engage in CWB. Lastly, we discuss the implications of the findings for theory and practice in the context of managing an increasingly global workplace and business environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The computational approach of autocorrelation relies on recurrent patterns within a musical signal to identify and analyze the meter of musical passages. This paper suggests that the autocorrelation process can act as a computational proxy for the act of period extraction, a crucial aspect of the cognition of musical meter, by identifying periodicities with which similar events tend to occur within a musical signal. Three analytical vignettes highlight three aspects of the identified patterns: (1) that the similarities between manifestations of the same patterns are often inexact, (2) that these patterns have ambiguous boundaries, and (3) that many more patterns exist on the musical surface than contribute to the passage's notated/felt meter, each of which overlaps with observations from music theory and behavioral research. An Online Supplement at contains accompanying data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problematic in tonality and tonal composition are not tied to harmony or counterpoint, but are the result of their combination. In the more elaborate compositions, harmony and counterpoint have very well defined functions, thus resulting a set of clear basic principles in composition development. One of these principles consists in the idea that, harmonic progressions are the structure of the composition and the contrapuntal progressions and chords are the ones that enrich and create the flow of it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through investigation and analysis, we point out the main problems existing in the control of livestock and poultry breeding pollution in some places, and put forward four suggestions to do a good job in the treatment of livestock and poultry breeding pollution: first, it is necessary to have a fair and objective understanding of the environmental pollution caused by breeding; second, we should cherish resources, control breeding pollution according to local conditions, and stabilize the existing meat production capacity; third, it is necessary to breed scientifically, protect clear water and blue sky, and build a beautiful home together; fourth, it is necessary to breed and manage according to law, and make environmental protection and breeding promote each other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The subject of research in this paper is the specific manifestation of associative tonality and tonal-harmonic third relations in Strauss's opera Elektra. Originating from the analytical discourse of several authors, dedicated to opera and music drama, associative tonality is a dramatic-tonal concept within which a certain key is consistently associated with a specific dramatic element, such as character, collectivity, event, feeling and more. In addition to the strong presence of associative keys related to the dramatic characters, Elektra is distinctly characterized by a chromatic and doubly-chromatic third relation that occurs both between chords and between keys. It is important for the harmonic language of the opera that these two types of relations that are formed between keys, at certain moments become more important than the manifestation of one particular key. New achievements in the field of hermeneutic musical analysis represent the initial assumption in this paper, and within these achievements it is possible to talk about the interpretive analysis of harmony as an interpretation of an opera or music drama. The paper aims to examine the ways in which associative tonality, on the one hand, and two types of third relationships between keys and between chords, on the other hand, function as instances of interpre-tation, which would provide a deep or completely new understanding of the elements of dramatic structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]