Search

Introduction: Text Neck Syndrome occurs due to sustained Forward Head Posture (FHP) when smartphones are used constantly without any breaks for more than five hours and with improper posture. Long-term untreated text neck can cause inflammation of the neck’s ligaments, muscles, and nerves, leading to chronic arthritic changes. Literature provides studies evaluating the effects of physical or manual therapy, but there is a lack of studies investigating the effects of Instrument-assisted Soft Tissue Mobilisation (IASTM) treatment in individuals with text neck syndrome. Aim: To determine the added effect of IASTM on text neck syndrome. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted at Department of Physiotherapy, Dr. D.Y. Patil College of Physiotherapy, Pune, Maharashtra, India, from August 2022 to December 2022. A total of 22 subjects, with a mean age of 21.58±1.18 years, participated in the study. The subjects were then divided into two treatment groups (n=11 each). The experimental group (Group-A) received stretching, strengthening exercises with IASTM, while the control group (Group-B) received only conventional physical therapy (stretching and strengthening). The treatment was delivered for a twoweek period. The data were analysed using MedCalc statistical software version 20.210. Significance was set at a p-value less than 0.05. For within-group analysis, Wilcoxon’s signed-rank or paired t-test was used depending on the normality distribution, and for between-group comparisons, Mann-Whitney tests were used for skewed variables. Results: The pain severity (p-value=0.0063) and neck disability (p-value=0.0008) were significantly lower in the IASTM group than the control group. Additionally, the Craniovertebral Angle (CVA) (p-value=0.0001) significantly increased with IASTM (Group-A) compared to the control group. Conclusion: The study concluded that IASTM and conventional therapy are individually effective in improving pain, disability, and FHP in text neck syndrome. However, adding IASTM to routine physical therapy showed statistically more significant results compared to physical therapy alone in reducing neck pain, disability, and FHP.

Para atlet esports mempunyai kebiasaan saat latihan ataupun pertandingan mempunyai posisi duduk yang tidak ergonomis dalam durasi yang lama bisa mengakibatkan forward head posture. Forward head posture dapat menyebabkan stres yang berkelanjutan pada bagian otot cervical dan otot bagian shoulder yang bisa mempengaruhi terjadinya spasme pada otot dan dapat menimbulkan rasa nyeri pada otot upper trapezius. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan forward head posture dengan kejadian nyeri otot upper trapezius. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional dan pengambilan sampel dengan metode purposive sampling dengan jumlah sampel empat puluh tiga (n=43) yang merupakan atlet esports di kota Makassar. Data yang diperoleh berupa derajat forward head posture dan tingkat disabilitas pada neck pain. Penelitian ini memperoleh hasil nilai signifikansi (p) variabel FHP dengan neck pain sebesar 0,298 (p>0,05), berdasarkan uji korelasi diperoleh koefisien korelasi (r) sebesar -0,163. Tidak ada hubungan signifikan antara forward head posture dengan nyeri pada otot upper trapezius pada atlet esports di kota Makassar.

Currently, the market for wearable devices is expanding, with a growing trend towards the use of these devices for continuous-monitoring applications. Among these, real-time posture monitoring and assessment stands out as a crucial application given the rising prevalence of conditions like forward head posture (FHP). This paper proposes a wearable device that combines the acquisition of electromyographic signals from the cervical region with inertial data from inertial measurement units (IMUs) to assess the occurrence of FHP. To improve electronics integration and wearability, e-textiles are explored for the development of surface electrodes and conductive tracks that connect the different electronic modules. Tensile strength and abrasion tests of 22 samples consisting of textile electrodes and conductive tracks produced with three fiber types (two from Shieldex and one from Imbut) were conducted. Imbut’s Elitex fiber outperformed Shieldex’s fibers in both tests. The developed surface electromyography (sEMG) acquisition hardware and textile electrodes were also tested and benchmarked against an electromyography (EMG) gold standard in dynamic and isometric conditions, with results showing slightly better root mean square error (RMSE) values (for 4 × 2 textile electrodes (10.02%) in comparison to commercial Ag/AgCl electrodes (11.11%). The posture monitoring module was also validated in terms of joint angle estimation and presented an overall error of 4.77° for a controlled angular velocity of 40°/s as benchmarked against a UR10 robotic arm.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) on pain, range of motion (ROM), and postural alignment in temporomandibulder joint disorders (TMD) patients with forward head posture (FHP). METHODS: This single blinded, randomized control trial will be conducted at Physiotherapy Department, Punjab Social Security Health Management Company Hospital, Raiwind, Lahore, Pakistan. Study design will be parallel having 58 Sample size, allocation ratio 1:1. Group A (control) will follow routine physiotherapy (ultrasound/TENS and stretching/strengthening and ROM exercises for jaw and group B (intervention) will follow proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) program with routine physiotherapy. Both groups will follow 3 sessions per week for 4 weeks and home exercises for 2 weeks. Pain, ROM and Postural assessment will be conducted on baseline, 6th and 12th week. The PNF program will compose of a total of 8 therapeutic exercises.This exercise program will help clinician in future to treat TMD patient more effectively. Main outcome variables will be Pain , ROM and Postural assessment. Pain and ROM are primary outcome and postural assessment is secoundary outcome.pain intensity will be measured by visual analogue scale, ROM by vernier caliper and photogrammatory method will be used for postural assessment. DISCUSSION: This randomized controlled trial will be the first of its kind for TMD due to forward head posture. this trial will provide a well structured and well planned exercise plan.

Abstract Addressing the current complexities, costs, and adherence issues in the detection of forward head posture (FHP), our study conducted an exhaustive epidemiologic investigation, incorporating a comprehensive posture screening process for each participant in China. This research introduces an avant-garde, machine learning-based non-contact method for the accurate discernment of FHP. Our approach elevates detection accuracy by leveraging body landmarks identified from human images, followed by the application of a genetic algorithm for precise feature identification and posture estimation. Observational data corroborates the superior efficacy of the Extra Tree Classifier technique in FHP detection, attaining an accuracy of 82.4%, a specificity of 85.5%, and a positive predictive value of 90.2%. Our model affords a rapid, effective solution for FHP identification, spotlighting the transformative potential of the convergence of feature point recognition and genetic algorithms in non-contact posture detection. The expansive potential and paramount importance of these applications in this niche field are therefore underscored.

Abstract Background Forward head posture (FHP) is a common condition where the head appears to be positioned in front of the vertical midline of the body. FHP is associated with shortening of the neck extensors and pectoral muscles, and the deep neck flexors and shoulder retractors are weakened. FHP is also found to cause decreases in respiratory function. Few clinical trials have investigated the effects of combination treatments to alleviate these problems. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of combination of traditional Thai massage, scapular stabilization exercise, and chest mobilization on forward head angle (FHA), forced vital capacity (FVC), and cervical flexion in subjects with FHP. Methods Forty-eight subjects with FHP were randomly allocated to a treatment group receiving a Combination of Traditional Thai massage, Scapular stabilization exercise, and Chest mobilization (CTSC group) (n = 24) and a control group (relaxed by lying supine) (n = 24). FHA, FVC, and cervical flexion were measured before and after the four-week intervention (Week 4) and one month after the intervention period (Week 8). Results The CTSC group showed statistically significantly greater improvement in FHA and cervical flexion than the control group at Week 4 (FHA, mean difference − 6.05; 95% CI − 8.03, − 4.07; cervical flexion, mean difference 6.84; 95% CI 3.14, 10.55) and Week 8 (FHA, mean difference − 4.64; 95% CI ( − 6.71, − 2.58); cervical flexion, mean difference 5.21; 95% CI 0.84, 9.58). There were no significant between-group differences in FVC at week 4 (mean difference 0.09; 95% CI − 0.06, 0.23) and week 8 (mean difference 0.04; 95% CI − 0.11, 0.19). Conclusion This study showed that CTSC had a positive effect on FHA and cervical flexion in subjects with FHP. Trial registration: Thai Clinical Trials Registry (TCTR) (Identification number: TCTR20211119001), registered 19 November 2021; https://www.thaiclinicaltrials.org/show/TCTR20211119001 .

الملخص: أهداف البحث: كان الهدف هو تحديد مدى انتشار متلازمة التقاطع العلوي والعوامل المرتبطة بها في المراهقين الإسبان. طريقة البحث: استخدمت الدراسة تصميم طريقة مختلطة تفسيرية متسلسلة. تتألف المرحلة الكمية من دراسة مقطعية تم فيها قياس 45 طالبا باستخدام المسح التصويري وتقييمهم باستخدام استبانات ''كيدو-كندل'' و ''فيزا-تيين''. بعد ذلك ، تم إجراء العديد من الاجتماعات لمناقشة النتائج الكمية. النتائج: أظهرت النتائج انتشارا بنسبة 37.8٪ لمتلازمة التقاطع العلوي، وانتشار 48.9٪ لوضع الرأس الأمامي وانتشار وضع الكتف الأمامي بنسبة 80٪. تم أخذ وضع الكتف الأمامي في الاعتبار عندما كانت الزاوية التي يمثلها تقاطع الخط بين نقطة المنتصف لعظم العضد والعملية الشائكة لـ''سي 7'' أقل من 52 درجة. كان وضع الكتف الأمامي أعلى بشكل ملحوظ في الأولاد منه في الفتيات. عند الأولاد، كانت هناك ارتباطات معتدلة ملحوظة بين وضعية الكتف الأمامية ومؤشر كتلة الجسم وعادات النظافة، وبين وضعية الرأس الأمامية وأسوأ مع استخدام التكنولوجيا. أولئك الذين قدموا متلازمة التقاطع العلوي كان لديهم فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية فيما يتعلق بالأداء المدرسي. بعد تحليل النتائج النوعية، تم تحديد 33 رمزا و 5 فئات. الاستنتاجات: يمكن أن ترتبط متلازمة التقاطع العلوي بعوامل مثل مؤشر كتلة الجسم والأداء المدرسي واستخدام التكنولوجيا والنشاط البدني. يتم إعطاء أهمية كبيرة للتمارين البدنية والوضعية الصحية للجلوس والوقوف في بيئة المراهقين. Abstract: Objective: The study objectives were to identify the prevalence of upper crossed syndrome (UCS) and its associated factors in a population of Spanish adolescents, and to explore these associations through focus groups. Methods: The study used a sequential explanatory mixed method design. The quantitative phase consisted of a cross-sectional study in which 45 students underwent photogrammetry measurements and evaluations with the Kiddo-KINDL and VISA-TEEN questionnaires. Subsequently, several focus groups were conducted to discuss the quantitative results. Results: The results indicated a 37.8% prevalence of UCS, a 48.9% prevalence of forward head posture (FHP) and an 80% prevalence of forward shoulder posture (FSP). A positive FSP was indicated by an angle represented by the intersection of the line between the midpoint of the humerus and the spinous process of C7 of

Introduction: Forward head posture (FHP) is one of the most common positional deviations. Frequent users often exhibit incorrect posture because of the rising popularity of media devices, such as smartphones and computers. This posture leads to changes in muscle activity in cervical flexion and extension. It is defined by hyperextension of the upper cervical vertebrae and forward translation of the cervical vertebrae. This study evaluates the effect of dry needles as a new method in the upper trapezius muscle on the neck’s angles and range of motion (ROM) in individuals with FHP. Materials and Methods: In this quasi-experimental interventional study, 18 women with FHP underwent a dry needle session. The photogrammetry of the cranio-vertebral angle measured the degree of FHP. Visual analog scale (VAS), pain pressure threshold (PPT), cranio-vertebral angle (CVA) and cranio-horizontal angles (CHA), ROM, scapular index (SI), and forward shoulder translation (FST) were assessed before and after the intervention. Results: The results demonstrated that after the intervention, right and left PPT, flexion, and proper neck rotation, right and left SI, CVA, and CHA were significantly improved (P

Introduction: Text Neck Syndrome occurs due to sustained Forward Head Posture (FHP) when smartphones are used constantly without any breaks for more than five hours and with improper posture. Long-term untreated text neck can cause inflammation of the neck's ligaments, muscles, and nerves, leading to chronic arthritic changes. Literature provides studies evaluating the effects of physical or manual therapy, but there is a lack of studies investigating the effects of Instrument-assisted Soft Tissue Mobilisation (IASTM) treatment in individuals with text neck syndrome. Aim: To determine the added effect of IASTM on text neck syndrome. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted at Department of Physiotherapy, Dr. D.Y. Patil College of Physiotherapy, Pune, Maharashtra, India, from August 2022 to December 2022. A total of 22 subjects, with a mean age of 21.58±1.18 years, participated in the study. The subjects were then divided into two treatment groups (n=11 each). The experimental group (Group-A) received stretching, strengthening exercises with IASTM, while the control group (Group-B) received only conventional physical therapy (stretching and strengthening). The treatment was delivered for a twoweek period. The data were analysed using MedCalc statistical software version 20.210. Significance was set at a p-value less than 0.05. For within-group analysis, Wilcoxon's signed-rank or paired t-test was used depending on the normality distribution, and for between-group comparisons, Mann-Whitney tests were used for skewed variables. Results: The pain severity (p-value=0.0063) and neck disability (p-value=0.0008) were significantly lower in the IASTM group than the control group. Additionally, the Craniovertebral Angle (CVA) (p-value=0.0001) significantly increased with IASTM (Group-A) compared to the control group. Conclusion: The study concluded that IASTM and conventional therapy are individually effective in improving pain, disability, and FHP in text neck syndrome. However, adding IASTM to routine physical therapy showed statistically more significant results compared to physical therapy alone in reducing neck pain, disability, and FHP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. FHP people showed a reduced Semi-Spinalis Capitis muscle (SECM) size in maximal isometric voluntary contraction (MVIC). Also, other studies showed less thickness of this muscle at rest in individuals with pain. So, this muscle must be paramount in subjects with FHP-accompanied neck pain in contraction. Materials and methods. We carried out this observational study with the participation of fifty people with a forward head posture divided into two groups: those with neck pain and those who didn't have neck pain, with a cut-off point of 3 on the VAS. Ultrasonography was used to measure the thickness of the SECM at rest and during maximum isometric contraction in a neutral position. Rest and maximum isometric SECM thickness were normalized using the subject's body weight. For analysis, an independent t-test was used. Results. There was a significant difference in SECM muscle size in MVIC and thickness difference (muscle contraction thickness minus muscle rest thickness) between the two groups (p = 0.043; p = 0.024, respectively). However, there is no significant difference in the resting thickness of SECM between groups (p > 0.05). Conclusions. There is an alteration in SECM muscle size in maximum isometric contraction in FHP subjects with pain, while FHP people without pain didn't show this alteration. Both groups showed a similar alteration in the thickness of the SECM at rest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background: Forward head posture (FHP) is one of the most common cervical postural deviations and is characterized by head protrusion or forward head placement in relation to the shoulder in the sagittal plane. Patients with FHP often experience neck pain and disability. The aim of this study was to investigate whether treatment programs are effective in the management of neck pain in patients with FHP. (2) Methods: A MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase, Cochrane Library, and Scopus database search was conducted for English language articles on patients with chronic neck pain and FHP published until 12 April 2023. To identify potentially relevant articles, the following key search phrases were combined: 'forward head posture' and 'pain'. After searching, 2516 potentially relevant articles were identified. After reading the titles and abstracts and assessing their eligibility based on full-text articles, 16 articles were included in this review. (3) Results: Among the 16 studies that investigated the efficacy of treatment programs for managing chronic pain in patients with FHP, 11 investigated the effect of exercise programs, and 5 investigated the effect of manual therapy. Patients reported significant improvement in pain and disability after receiving treatment programs such as corrective postural exercises and special manual therapy techniques. (4) Conclusions: Various treatment programs, including postural corrective exercises and manual therapy, are beneficial for improving pain and disability in patients with FHP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Asia-Pacific Chiropractic Journal is the property of Asia-Pacific Chiropractic Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background and Objective: Forward head posture is the common habitual poor posture seen in young adults. This study correlates Trunk muscles strength and endurance with severity of forward head posture in young adults. Methods: A total of 70 individuals with Forward Head Posture and Craniovertebral Angle (CVA) less than 48º were enrolled in the study. The Trunk Muscle Strength was assessed using Hand Held Dynamometer. The Trunk flexor, extensor, side flexors and lower back extensors endurance was assessed using endurance tests. The trunk muscle strength and endurance were then correlated with severity of forward head posture. Results: There was no correlation found between the trunk flexor strength and severity of FHP. But there was statistically significant correlation between the trunk extensor strength and severity of FHP. Also, no correlation was found between the trunk muscles endurance and severity of FHP. Conclusions: Trunk Extensor muscles strength decreases with the decrease in CVA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Myofascial trigger points are hypersensitive nodules with distinct characteristics that cause pain at the location of trigger point and refer pain to the surrounding structures. Material & Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted on tailors in the factories of twin cities of Pakistan. 349 male and female with the age of 20 to 60 years having complaint of myofascial trapezius trigger points were selected by Non probability convenient sampling technique. All the participants were assessed by using the Trapezius trigger points assessment form meanwhile forward head posture was assessed by using plumb line method. Results: Out of 349 participants 229(66.5%) were males and 120(33.5%) were females. The mean age of the participants was 34.13 ± 9.8 years. The results revealed that the frequency of active trigger points in trapezius muscle was 166(47.5%), latent (Passive trigger point) was 155(44.4%) and 28(8.1%) having mix type of trigger points. Frequency of Forward head posture shows 40(11.4%) were normal, 80(22.9%) were mild, 180(51.6%) were moderate and 49(14.1%) sever. Association between forward head posture and trigger points are high as P. Value was

Abstract Background One of the most prevalent musculoskeletal issues in dentistry is forward head posture (FHP). Proprioception and core endurance are crucial for maintaining proper posture. Objective The aim of this study was to compare dental students with and without FHP in terms of their core endurance and shoulder proprioception. Methods Using kinovea software, a cross-sectional study was conducted on 30 dental students who had FHP with a craniovertebral angle less than 49 degrees. The control group consisted of 30 additional dental students without FHP. Trunk anterior flexor, posterior extensor, right and left flexors were tested using the McGill method to determine core endurance. The isokinetic Biodex system was used to measure shoulder proprioception. Results Independent t-test results revealed that core endurance was significantly lower in the group with forward head posture compared to the control group (p 0.05), while shoulder proprioception did not differ significantly between groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion In comparison to dental students without forward head posture, male dental students with FHP have normal shoulder joint proprioception and impaired core endurance holding time. This could be a risk factor for a variety of musculoskeletal issues in dentists.

Aim: Forward head posture (FHP) is a very common pathological neck posture among people who frequently use multimedia devices, and it could be related to some musculoskeletal disorders. However, its role in influencing lung function and its relationship with neck disability are still debated in the literature. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of FHP on respiratory function, and to explore a possible relationship between FHP and neck discomfort. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 83 subjects (35.7 ± 8.4 years aged), enrolled at the Ferrari corporate wellness program “Formula Benessere”. Craniovertebral angle (CVA) was measured with a digital goniometer to assess head posture: FHP was defined with a CVA < 50° in an upright position. Spirometry was conducted according to European Respiratory Society/American Thoracic Society (ERS/ATS) criteria. Finally, subjects enrolled were evaluated through a self-administered neck disability index (NDI) questionnaire. Results: Among the 60 participants with agreement about the CVA measurements, 45 had FHP (11 females and 34 males) with lower CVA values. No significant differences were found in spirometric parameters between subjects with FHP (n = 45) and subjects without FHP (n = 15). Furthermore, the two groups did not differ either in NDI scores (P = 0.148). Conclusions: There is no clear relationship between FHP and respiratory function indices. Moreover, no differences have been found in NDI values between subjects with FHP and subjects without FHP. Respiratory rehabilitation strategies should be focused on other parameters than FHP itself.

Abstract Background The association of cognition with hand grip and pinch strength has been well-recognized in older adults. The authors sought to explore: (1) associations among forward head posture (FHP), cognition, and hand grip and pinch strength in older adults; and (2) the mediator role of FHP in these pathways using structural equation modeling (SEM). Methods This cross-sectional study included 88 older adults (70.5% male; mean age = 68.75±3.87 years). Cognition was assessed by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), head posture by the Craniovertebral Angle (CVA) obtained from photographic analysis, hand grip strength by a handheld dynamometer, and pinch strength by a pinch meter. Using the two SEMs, a potential mediator role of the CVA was investigated. While the MMSE was addressed as an independent variable in both models, hand grip and pinch strength were addressed as dependent variables in model 1 and model 2, respectively. Results The correlations between the CVA and MMSE (r = 0.310), hand grip strength (r = 0.370), and pinch strength (r = 0.274 to 0.292) were statistically significant (p

Back pain in children and adolescents is one of the most frequent reasons for seeing a medical specialist worldwide. Many factors have been incriminated when it comes to influencing the appearance of non-specific back pain in children as well as in adults. For the younger population, some of the culprits seem to be sitting for long periods, us-ing harmful postural patterns, a forward head posture determined by incorrect positioning during prolonged studying hours, and carrying a too-heavy backpack, but do they really influence non-specific back pain in children? These ques-tions are valid for all generations and countries. This paper aimed to review the published literature to determine whether the factors mentioned above, sitting in mismatched school furniture, carrying heavy backpacks, and forward head posture, influence the incidence of non-specific back pain in children and whether there are any data or differences between the general population and Roma-nian students. For this purpose, we conducted database research using the keywords “non-specific back pain in chil-dren, sitting, school furniture, forward head posture, backpack carrying” and various combinations of these terms, which returned 37 eligible articles for this paper in PubMed - Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) and Sci-enceDirect. There was no time limit on the researched articles, and they had to refer to the pediatric population, be open-access and in extenso articles, and be written in English, French, or Spanish. After analyzing the results from these articles, the conclusion is that there is no evident or spe-cific connection between non-specific back pain in pediatric populations and harmful posture patterns while sitting or carrying a backpack. Also, more multicentered research using fewer variables and more objective measurement instruments is needed.

One of the very common negative effects experienced by operators and workers of sewing machines is neck pain. The use of sewing machines in a forward-leaning position over an extended period of time contributes to neck strain and promotes bad postures like the Forward Head Posture (FHP). The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of FHP and neck pain among sewing machine operators in tailors and garment factories of District Swabi, Pakistan. This cross-sectional study was carried out on a total of 223 users of sewing machines while seated (97 women and 126 men). The study was conducted in Swabi District from October 2022 to February 2023. The outcomes were evaluated using a numerical pain rating scale and the Neck Disability Index (NDI). According to the Numerical pain Rating Scale (NPRS) for neck pain, 24 participants (10.8%) reported mild discomfort, 79 participants (35.4%) reported moderate pain, and 120 participants (53.8%) reported severe pain. Only 13.9% (n=31) of the participants (n=192) had a normal head position. The majority of the participants were hunched forward. The NPRS had a mean of 3.43 (± SD 0.49), the NDI mean was 3.43 (± 0.68), and the cranial vertebral angle (CVA) mean was 1.13 (±SD 0.34). According to the findings of the current study, FHP and neck pain are quite common among individuals who use sewing machines, and a large percentage of these people also have FHP and neck discomfort.

Addressing the current complexities, costs, and adherence issues in the detection of forward head posture (FHP), our study conducted an exhaustive epidemiologic investigation, incorporating a comprehensive posture screening process for each participant in China. This research introduces an avant-garde, machine learning-based non-contact method for the accurate discernment of FHP. Our approach elevates detection accuracy by leveraging body landmarks identified from human images, followed by the application of a genetic algorithm for precise feature identification and posture estimation. Observational data corroborates the superior efficacy of the Extra Tree Classifier technique in FHP detection, attaining an accuracy of 82.4%, a specificity of 85.5%, and a positive predictive value of 90.2%. Our model affords a rapid, effective solution for FHP identification, spotlighting the transformative potential of the convergence of feature point recognition and genetic algorithms in non-contact posture detection. The expansive potential and paramount importance of these applications in this niche field are therefore underscored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Opium smoking has been a common practice in Iran for many years, with people often smoking for long hours. During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was an increase in opium smoking due to false beliefs about its protective effects against COVID-19 infection. In this study, we aimed to examine the association between the non-ergonomic positions associated with traditional opium smoking in Iran and the development of neck pain and disability, forward head posture (FHP), and hyperkyphosis (HK). In this cross-sectional, correlational study, a total of 120 individuals who smoked opium were selected based on the inclusion criteria. They were interviewed about their addiction profile using the Lite version of the Addiction Severity Index and the Leeds Dependence Questionnaire. The presence of neck pain and disability was also evaluated using the Visual Analog Scale and the Neck Disability Index. The participants were examined for FHP via side-view photography and for HK using a flexible ruler. Data were analyzed using correlation coefficient tests and stepwise linear regression analysis. Based on the results, homelessness, the lifetime duration of opium smoking (in months), the duration of daily opium smoking (in minutes), and the severity of drug dependence had significant relationships with the severity of neck pain, neck disability, FHP, and HK. Homelessness was the strongest predictor of neck pain and disability (R2 = 0.367, p < 0.001), FHP (R2 = 0.457, p < 0.001), and HK (R2 = 0.476, p < 0.001), followed by the lifetime duration of opium smoking and the duration of daily opium smoking, respectively, in which R2 increased to 0.505 (p = 0.011), 0.546 (p = 0.022), and 0.570 (p = 0.004) with the addition of two other variables. Overall, an increase in the duration of sitting in non-ergonomic positions could lead to neck pain and disability, FHP, and HK due to the non-neutral posture of opium smokers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Many studies have shown that non-ergonomic positioning of the spine is one of the main causes of postural deformity. In this regard, opium smoking requires sitting in non-ergonomic positions, which increases the possibility of posture disorders due to exposure for several hours a day and over many years. Objectives: This study aimed to compare neck pain and disability, forward head posture (FHP), and the curvature of the thoracic spine (thoracic hyperkyphosis [THK]) in opium users and non-drug users. Methods: In this comparative cross-sectional study, 80 opium smokers were compared with 74 non-drug users in terms of craniovertebral angle (FHP), THK, and neck pain (Visual Analog Scale [VAS]) and disability (neck disability index [NDI]). Data were analyzed by Kolmogorov-Smirnov and independent t-tests using SPSS version 23. Results: The difference between the 2 groups was significant in all variables, including VAS (P = 0.004), NDI (P < 0.001), craniovertebral angle (P = 0.003), and THK (P = 0.006). Conclusions: Forward head posture, THK, neck pain, and neck disability are more prevalent in opium smokers than non-drug users. This could be due to the long hours of the non-ergonomic position while smoking opium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background and Objectives: The forward head posture (FHP) is characterized by increased extensions of upper cervical vertebrae and flexion of the lower cervical vertebrae and upper thoracic regions, associated with muscle shortening. The compressive loading on the tissues in the cervical spine negatively impacts suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles and generates increased tension of the masticatory muscles. The tongue has relations with the suprahyoid and the infrahyoid muscles. The pattern of swallowing evolves gradually from birth to the age of four. If this developmental transition does not occur, the result is persistent infantile or atypical swallowing—an orofacial myofunctional disorder with the tongue in improper position during swallowing, causing strain and stress on the jaw, face, head and neck. In FHP, muscles crucial to swallowing are biomechanically misaligned. The lengthening of the suprahyoid muscles necessitates stronger contractions to achieve proper hyolaryngeal movement during swallowing. This study assesses the added benefits of physiotherapy to the traditional myofunctional swallowing rehabilitation for patients with FHP. The underlying hypothesis is that without addressing FHP, swallowing rehabilitation remains challenged and potentially incomplete. (2) Materials and Methods: A total of 61 participants (12–26 years) meeting the inclusion criteria (FHP and atypical swallowing) were divided into two similar groups. Group A attended one orofacial myofunctional therapy (OMT) and one physiotherapy session per week, group B only one OMT session per week, for 20 weeks. Exclusion criteria were as follows: ankyloglossia, neurological impairment affecting tongue and swallowing, cervical osteoarticular pathology, other previous or ongoing treatments for FHP and atypical swallowing. (3) Results: There is a significant improvement in terms of movement and use of the orofacial structures (tongue, lips, cheeks), as well as in breathing and swallowing in both groups. Group A achieved better outcomes as the CVA angle was directly addressed by manual therapy and GPR techniques. (4) Conclusions: The combined therapy proved to be more effective than single OMT therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Forward head posture (FHP) is a common condition where the head appears to be positioned in front of the vertical midline of the body. FHP is associated with shortening of the neck extensors and pectoral muscles, and the deep neck flexors and shoulder retractors are weakened. FHP is also found to cause decreases in respiratory function. Few clinical trials have investigated the effects of combination treatments to alleviate these problems. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of combination of traditional Thai massage, scapular stabilization exercise, and chest mobilization on forward head angle (FHA), forced vital capacity (FVC), and cervical flexion in subjects with FHP. Methods: Forty-eight subjects with FHP were randomly allocated to a treatment group receiving a Combination of Traditional Thai massage, Scapular stabilization exercise, and Chest mobilization (CTSC group) (n = 24) and a control group (relaxed by lying supine) (n = 24). FHA, FVC, and cervical flexion were measured before and after the four-week intervention (Week 4) and one month after the intervention period (Week 8). Results: The CTSC group showed statistically significantly greater improvement in FHA and cervical flexion than the control group at Week 4 (FHA, mean difference − 6.05; 95% CI − 8.03, − 4.07; cervical flexion, mean difference 6.84; 95% CI 3.14, 10.55) and Week 8 (FHA, mean difference − 4.64; 95% CI (− 6.71, − 2.58); cervical flexion, mean difference 5.21; 95% CI 0.84, 9.58). There were no significant between-group differences in FVC at week 4 (mean difference 0.09; 95% CI − 0.06, 0.23) and week 8 (mean difference 0.04; 95% CI − 0.11, 0.19). Conclusion: This study showed that CTSC had a positive effect on FHA and cervical flexion in subjects with FHP. Trial registration: Thai Clinical Trials Registry (TCTR) (Identification number: TCTR20211119001), registered 19 November 2021; https://www.thaiclinicaltrials.org/show/TCTR20211119001. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poor posture is traditionally associated with various musculoskeletal disorders. Consequently, educators in the musculoskeletal field have been teaching postural observation as part of the physical assessment. Forward head posture (FHP) is hypothesized to be associated with neck pain; however, evidence in this topic remains inconclusive. To investigate the association between FHP and neck pain intensity, disability, and cervical kinematics in individuals with neck pain compared to asymptomatic individuals. A secondary aim of this study was to explore the possible effect of a head-mounted display (HMD) used in a virtual reality (VR) assessment on FHP. The study was conducted with 43 volunteers (20 asymptomatic individuals, 23 individuals with neck pain) aged 19 to 62. FHP was assessed by measuring craniovertebral angle on profile photographs. Secondary outcome measures included pain intensity, the neck disability index (NDI) questionnaire, and neck kinematics using specialized VR software. There were no significant differences between individuals with neck pain and asymptomatic individuals in FHP (craniovertebral angle = 48.24°±7.29; 48.90°±5.89, respectively, p >.05). The neck pain group demonstrated a restricted range of motion and slower neck movements (p <.05). We found no significant correlation between FHP and visual analog scale, NDI, and most neck kinematic measures. Our findings cannot support a clinically applicable association between FHP and neck pain. Additionally, individuals with neck pain had a lower range of motion and slower neck movements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The study aims to assess the effect of spinal mobilization and postural correction exercises in patients suffering from cervicogenic headache. A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 72 patients. Patients were randomly allocated into three groups: spinal mobilization (n = 24), postural correction exercises (n = 24), and control group (n = 24). The primary outcome measure was headache impact test-6, and secondary outcomes were headache intensity, neck pain intensity, and neck pain-related disability measured at baseline, postintervention, and follow-up period. Comparison of baseline data (at 0 weeks) among groups showed a statistically nonsignificant difference. There was statistically significant improvement at postintervention (immediately after fourth week) in postural correction exercises group [headache disability: 14.95 ± 7.91 (p <.001); headache intensity: 2.58 ± 1.24 (p <.001); neck disability: 27.66 ± 18.71 (p <.001); neck pain: 1.91 ± 1.44 (p <.001)] and spinal mobilization group [headache disability: 13.83 ± 6.21 (p <.001); headache intensity: 2.29 ± 1.23 (p <.001); neck disability: 23.39 ± 19.51 (p <.001); neck pain: 1.72 ± 0.84 (p <.001)] as compared to the control group. The result of within-group analysis suggests that there was a statistically significant improvement in postintervention (immediately after fourth week) and follow-up (immediately after eighth week) scores as compared to baseline (at 0 weeks) scores for all outcomes in postural correction exercises [headache disability (p <.001), headache intensity (p <.001), neck disability (p <.001), neck pain (p < 0.001)] as well as in spinal mobilization group [headache disability (p <.001), headache intensity (p <.001), neck disability (p <.001), neck pain (p <.001 for pre versus post; p =.001 for pre versus follow-up)]. There was a statistically nonsignificant difference between postintervention and follow-up scores of all the outcomes in the postural correction exercise and spinal mobilization group, which indicates that improvement in these groups was maintained during the follow-up period. Spinal mobilization and postural correction exercises are effective in the management of cervicogenic headache. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Article highlights We investigated the influence of neck flexion on two time-sensitive tasks with differing prepotency. A flexed neck led to faster RT on a high prepotency task but not on a task with low prepotency. This study replicates previously seen effects of neck flexion on high prepotency RT with higher ecological validity.

Background and Aims Nowadays, the musculoskeletal disorders and postural problems due to inappropriate postural habits and uninterrupted repetitive movements are important issues in sports medicine. Recently, the National Academy of Sports Medicine (NASM)’s corrective exercise protocol has received attention from scholars. This study aims to evaluate the effect of a corrective exercise program based on NASM’s protocol on the forward head angle and cervical joint position sense.Methods This is a quasi-experimental study. Participants were 30 female college students, aged 18-25 years with a forward head angle > 46 degrees, who were randomly divided into two groups of control (N=15, age=20±2 years, height=1.59±3.03 m, weight=58.13±5.08 kg, BMI=22.71±1.41 kg/m2) and exercise (N=15, age= 20.53±1.55 years, height=1.60±0.02 m, weight=60.53±4.10 kg, BMI=23.61±1.20 kg/m2). The exercise group performed corrective exercises for eight weeks, three sessions per week, each for 30-70 minutes, while the control group did not receive any intervention. The lateral photography method was used for measuring forward head posture. The cervical joint position sense was assessed using the target angle repositioning error test before and after corrective exercises. Data were analyzed using paired t-test and analysis of covariance. The significance level was set at 0.001.Results Eight weeks of corrective exercises reduced the forward head angle and target angle repositioning error in the exercise group compared to the control group (P≤0.001).Conclusion Corrective exercises based on NASM’s protocol seem to reduce the forward head angle and improve the cervical joint position sense. Therefore, correctional treatment specialists and therapists are recommended to use the program to improve the forward head posture and cervical proprioception in women with this postural deformity.

Dowager's hump is described as excessive kyphotic curvature in the thoracic spine with a Cobb angle of more than 40 degrees. This case report presents a 61 years old female office clerk who experienced headaches and neck pain for 3 years that extended into her right shoulder and upper chest. She consulted her primary care physician two months before seeing the chiropractor when the neck pain worsened. A diagnosis of cervicalgia related to osteoarthritis was made based on cervical and thoracic X-ray findings. The patient received non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (celecoxib and etoricoxib) and stretching exercises at home. At the onset of chiropractic care, radiographs showed loss of cervical lordosis, narrowing at the C4-5, C5-C6, and C6-7 intervertebral disc space with marginal osteophytes. Based on these findings, a working diagnosis of cervicogenic headache was established. After treatment for 9 months, the patient showed improvement in symptoms and function from cervical curve radiographic change and dextro-convexity of the thoracic spine. Avoiding forward head flexion and maintaining correct posture in daily activities will be key mechanisms to prevent the reoccurrence of Dowager's hump. The improvement of symptoms following chiropractic therapy has been shown to correlate with radiographic markers of spinal realignment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Both the development of various countries and people's health were impacted by the unforeseen global COVID-19 outbreak. Many countries prefer to do their daily business online. Although it was incredibly useful at the time, it still had a problem that was not properly addressed, especially among the student population. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to examine the prevalence of upper extremity neural mobility among students who were using smart devices during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: 458 students who had previously taken home-based online classes during the COVID-19 pandemic and used a smart device for more than six hours were included in this study. The study was conducted in three phases. After being examined in the first two stages of the study, a total of 72 people were chosen for the final phase. Peripheral nerve mobility tests were performed on these 72 subjects. RESULTS: This study observed that 15.72% of smart device users have been affected by forward neck posture and impaired peripheral nerve mobility in the cervical spine. CONCLUSION: The study concludes that forward neck posture is associated with impaired peripheral nerve mobility among smart device users who were in home-based online classes during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. Hence, we suggest an appropriate treatment strategy focusing on preventing the forward neck posture through timely analysis and self-care therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current investigation used somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) to assess differences in sensorimotor integration and somatosensory processing variables between asymptomatic individuals with and without forward head posture (FHP). We assessed different neural regions of the somatosensory pathway, including the amplitudes of the peripheral N9, spinal N13, brainstem P14, peak-to-peak amplitudes of parietal N20 and P27, and frontal N30 potentials. Central conduction time (N13–N20) was measured as the difference in peak latencies of N13 and N20. We measured these variables in 60 participants with FHP defined as a craniovertebral angle (CVA) < 50° and 60 control participants matched for age, gender, and body mass index (BMI) with normal FHP defined as CVA > 55°. Differences in variable measures were examined using the parametric t-test. Pearson's correlation was used to evaluate the relationship between the CVA and sensorimotor integration and SEP measurements. A generalized linear model (GLM) was used to compare the SEP measures between groups, with adjustment for educational level, marital status, BMI, and working hours per week. There were statistically significant differences between the FHP group and control group for all sensorimotor integration and SEP processing variables, including the amplitudes of spinal N13 (p < 0.005), brainstem P14 (p < 0.005), peak-to-peak amplitudes of parietal N20 and P27 (p < 0.005), frontal N30 potentials (p < 0.005), and the conduction time N13–N20 (p = 0.004). The CVA significantly correlated with all measured neurophysiological variables indicating that as FHP increased, sensorimotor integration and SEP processing became less efficient. FHP group correlations were: N9 (r = −0.44, p < 0.001); N13 (r = −0.67, p < 0.001); P14 (r = −0.58, p < 0.001); N20 (r = −0.49, p = 0.001); P27 (r = −0.58, p < 0.001); N30 potentials (r = −0.64, p < 0.001); and N13–N20 (r = −0.61, p < 0.001). GLM identified that increased working hours adversely affected the SEP measures (p < 0.005), while each 1° increase in the CVA was associated with improved SEP amplitudes and more efficient central conduction time (N13–N20; p < 0.005). Less efficient sensorimotor integration and SEP processing may be related to previous scientific reports of altered sensorimotor control and athletic skill measures in populations with FHP. Future investigations should seek to replicate our findings in different spine disorders and symptomatic populations in an effort to understand how improving forward head posture might benefit functional outcomes of patient care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The association of cognition with hand grip and pinch strength has been well-recognized in older adults. The authors sought to explore: (1) associations among forward head posture (FHP), cognition, and hand grip and pinch strength in older adults; and (2) the mediator role of FHP in these pathways using structural equation modeling (SEM). Methods: This cross-sectional study included 88 older adults (70.5% male; mean age = 68.75±3.87 years). Cognition was assessed by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), head posture by the Craniovertebral Angle (CVA) obtained from photographic analysis, hand grip strength by a handheld dynamometer, and pinch strength by a pinch meter. Using the two SEMs, a potential mediator role of the CVA was investigated. While the MMSE was addressed as an independent variable in both models, hand grip and pinch strength were addressed as dependent variables in model 1 and model 2, respectively. Results: The correlations between the CVA and MMSE (r = 0.310), hand grip strength (r = 0.370), and pinch strength (r = 0.274 to 0.292) were statistically significant (p < 0.001). In addition, significant associations were found between the MMSE and hand grip and pinch strength, ranging from 0.307 to 0.380 (p < 0.001). The mediation analysis showed that the standardized total (β = 0.41, p < 0.001) and indirect (mediated) effects (β = 0.12, p = 0.008) of the MMSE on hand grip strength were significant in model (1) The results were similar for model (2) The standardized total (β = 0.39, p = 0.001) and indirect effects (β = 0.10, p = 0.026) of the MMSE on pinch strength were significant. As a partial mediator in both models, the CVA explained 29% and 26% of the total effect in models 1 and 2, respectively. Conclusions: The CVA was associated with the MMSE, hand grip strength, and pinch strength, and CVA partially mediates the association of the MMSE with grip and pinch strength in older adults, indicating that cognition had an effect on grip and pinch strength through an indirect path via head posture. This finding reveals that evaluating head posture and providing corrective therapeutic interventions as needed may be beneficial in reducing the negative impact of decreased cognition on motor functions in older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Forward head posture has become very common in our society. Pain in the cervical and its surrounding areas results from the protrusion of the neck, which is related to increased spinal flexions due to overworking and their work environment. Objective: To find the frequency of musculoskeletal pain and its association with forward head posture among architecture students in Lahore. Methodology: It was cross-sectional study. The data was collected from architecture students due to forward head posture in Lahore from February 2022 to July 2022. 199 participants from 2nd to 5th year who had both acute or chronic musculoskeletal pain but no systemic disease was selected. Students between the age of 18-25 with more than 5 working hours were included. Non-probability convenient sampling technique was used. Standardized Nordic Questionnaire, Visual Analog Scale and ruler measurement method was used for data collection. The Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS 20.0) was used to analyze the data. Results: Out of 199 students 168 with a prevalence of 84.4% were having musculoskeletal pain due to forward head posture. In which neck pain had the prevalence of 70.9%, shoulder 54.8%, upper back 52.8% and lower back 65.8%. The p-value (chi-square) was 0.000 < 0.05 showing that there is a significant association between forward head posture and musculoskeletal pain. Conclusion: There was a high prevalence and association of musculoskeletal pain due to forward head posture among architecture students due to the nature of their work in which they assume a forward head posture for many hours and still remain in that posture even when not working causing pain in the neck, shoulder, upper back and lower back. Keywords: Forward head posture, Cervical pain, Musculoskeletal Pain, Atlanto-Occipital Joint, Nordic Pain scale, Visual Analogue Scale.

The purpose of this randomized controlled trial was to evaluate the effectiveness of the Myofascial Release Technique (MRT) along with Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) on pain, craniovertebral angle (CVA), and neck disability in university students with chronic neck pain and forward head posture. A total of sixty-six eligible participants with chronic neck pain and forward head posture were randomized into the Myofascial Release Therapy (MRT) group (n = 33) and MRT and Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) group (n = 33). Clinical outcomes included neck pain measured using the numerical pain rating scale, neck disability measured through the neck disability index, and forward head posture measured through the cranial vertebral angle. The outcomes were assessed at baseline and the four and eight weeks after the intervention. Both groups showed significant improvement in pain intensity, CVA, and neck disability after the intervention. However, the CBT group demonstrated greater improvements than the MRT group. The difference in outcomes between the groups was statistically significant. Myofascial Release Therapy combined with CBT is an effective treatment method for patients with chronic neck pain and forward head posture.

Despite numerous attempts to correct forward head posture (FHP), definitive evidence-based screening and diagnostic methods remain elusive. This study proposes a preliminary diagnostic methodology for FHP, utilizing a noninvasive body angle measurement system as a screening test for FHP and incorporating radiological parameters for sagittal alignment. We enrolled 145 adolescents for FHP screening. The forward neck tilt angle (FNTA), defined as the angle between the vertical line and the line connecting the participant’s acromion and tragus, was measured using the POM-Checker (a noninvasive depth sensor-based body angle measurement system). A whole-spine standing lateral radiograph was obtained, and eight sagittal alignment parameters were measured. Statistical analyses of the association between the FNTA and eight sagittal alignment parameters were conducted. We used 70% of the participant data to establish a preliminary diagnostic model for FHP based on FNTA and each sagittal alignment parameter. The accuracy of the model was evaluated using the remaining 30% of the participant data. All radiological parameters of sagittal alignment showed weak statistical significance with respect to FNTA (best case: r = 0.16, p = 0.0500; cranial tilt). The proposed preliminary diagnostic model for FHP demonstrated 95.35% agreement. Notably, the model using FNTA without radiological parameters accurately identified (100%) participants who required radiographic scanning for FHP diagnosis. Owing to the weak statistical significance of the association between radiological parameters and external body angle, both factors must be considered for accurate FHP diagnosis. When a clear and severe angle variation is observed in an external body angle check, medical professionals should perform radiographic scanning for an accurate FHP diagnosis. In conclusion, FNTA assessment of FNTA through the proposed preliminary diagnostic model is a significant screening factor for selecting participants who must undergo radiographic scanning so that a diagnosis of FHP can be obtained.

Forward Head Posture (FHP) is when the head leans forward due to factors such as heavy backpacks or poor computer ergonomics. FHP can lead to neck strain and discomfort as well as potential long-term issues such as arthritis. Treatment options include specialized exercises, orthopedic devices, manual therapy, physical exercises, and visual feedback techniques, along with guidance from specialists in physical medicine and rehabilitation. In this study, a visual feedback-based approach was used to address FHP in female students. The study spanned ten days and included a visual feedback group and a control group. The results showed significant improvements in maximum head angle deviation in the visual feedback group compared to the control group; however, there was no significant change in the DFA number, indicating stability in policy control by the central nervous system. The study demonstrated that visual feedback sessions led to immediate benefits, with participants progressively acquiring skills involving the maintenance of proper head positioning. The test results indicated that the neck angle decreased to less than 15 degrees, indicating a return to a normal state. The versatility of the developed affordable and easy-to-use device and the potential for using smartphone motion sensors for similar visual feedback systems are discussed in this paper as well. The study suggests the promising potential of visual feedback in healthcare, including remote monitoring and smartphone-based solutions.

Objective: Impaired posture control, breathing problems, headaches of neck origin, increased pressure on ‎blood vessels, decreased vertebral blood flow to the brain and brain stem, and decreased ‎breathing capacity are some of the side effects of head forward malformation. Therefore, the ‎purpose of this study is to compare the effect and durability of 8 weeks of corrective exercises ‎based on the NASM approach and the Sahrman approach on forward head posture and neck pain ‎in mobile phone users in young men of Tabriz city‎. Methods: The present semi-experimental research is an intervention research; And the research design is ‎pre-test and post-test with control group. 36 people in the age range of 20 to 35 years were ‎selected in a targeted non-random way with a forward head angle above 46 degrees. The ‎craniovertebral angle or CVA was used to measure the forward head angle. To quantify the ‎intensity of pain in people with neck pain, the Visual Analysis Scale was used. Two-way ‎analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc tests were performed at a significance level of ‎p≥0.05‎. Results: The results of the research showed that both training programs had a positive effect on forward ‎head posture and neck pain of these people (p=0.001). Also, the results of the research showed ‎that after 3 months of the follow-up period, the effectiveness of the exercises was still ‎significant (p=0.001).‎ Conclusion: The results of the research showed that both training programs had a significant and long-‎lasting effect on forward head posture and neck pain. Therefore, the use of each of these ‎exercises is recommended to improve forward head posture and neck pain in people with ‎forward head posture abnormalities‎.

Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of muscle energy technique in craniovertebral angle and shoulder angle in subjects with forward head posture. Methods Overall, 60 participants of both genders (45 males and 15 females) with forward head posture (FHP) aged 18 - 23 years and Body Mass Index (BMI) range 18 -25 kg/m² were randomly assigned to 2 groups (A and B). Group A (n=30) received muscle energy technique in addition to conventional strengthening and stretching exercises and postural advices 3 times per week for 4-weeks. Group B (n=30) received conventional strengthening and stretching exercises and postural advices 3 times per week for 4-weeks. To assess craniovertebral angle (CVA) and Shoulder angle (SA), Photographic Posture Analysis was used. Pain intensity was evaluated with Visual analogue scale (VAS) scores, and A pressure pain algometer served to measure the pain pressure threshold (PPT). All subjects' outcomes were assessed before and after treatment. For statistical analysis, t-test was conducted to investigate the effect of treatment. Results A statistically significant effect (p < 0.0001) of treatment and time was revealed in both groups for all measured variables. Between-group analysis implied a higher improvement in post-intervention results in group A (p < 0.05). Conclusion This study indicated improvement in both groups, but adding Muscle energy technique to conventional therapy resulted in more improvement in all measured variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forward head posture (FHP) is a common postural displacement that is significantly associated with neck pain, with higher risks of having neck pain in female and older populations. This study investigated the effect of two different forward head posture (FHP) interventions in elderly participants with poor posture and non-specific neck pain. Sixty-six elderly participants with a craniovertebral angle (CVA) < 50° were randomized into either a Chiropractic Biophyics® (CBP®) or a standardized exercise based FHP correction group (Standard Group). Both groups were treated for 18 sessions over a 6-week period. A 3-month post-treatment follow-up was also assessed with no further interventions. The CBP group received a mirror image® exercise and a Denneroll™ cervical traction orthotic (DCTO); the standard group performed a protocol of commonly used stretching and strengthening exercises for the neck. Both groups received 30 min of their respective interventions per session. The primary outcome was the CVA, with secondary outcomes including pain intensity, Berg balance score (BBS), head repositioning accuracy (HRA), and cervical range of motion (CROM). After 18 sessions (6 weeks later), the CBP group had statistically significant improvement in the CVA (p < 0.001), whereas the standard group did not. In contrast, both groups showed improved functional measurements on the BBS and HRA as well as improved pain intensity. However, at the 3-month follow-up (with no further treatment), there were statistically significant differences favoring the CBP group for all outcomes (p < 0.001). The differences in the between group outcomes at the 3-month follow-up indicated that the improved outcomes were maintained in the CBP group, while the standard group experienced regression of the initially improved outcomes at 6 weeks. It is suggested that the improvement in the postural CVA (in the CBP group but not in the standard group) is the driver of superior and maintained pain and functional outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The forward head posture is terrible habitual posture of neck that is characterized by forward cervical vertebral translation and upper cervical vertebral hyperextension. Forward head posture for prolonged period of time puts extra strain on posterior aspects of cervical region including ligaments which alters scapular kinetics and kinematics. Objective: To evaluate and assess the efficiency of active correction exercises in forward head posture of young adults. Methodology: A Total 30 subjects with forward head posture were chosen using convenient sampling technique based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Patients were split into two groups (Intervention group-15, Conventional group-15). The Intervention group received active correction exercises for Thoracic Spine, Sternocleidomastoid, Upper Trapezius, Lower Trapezius, Deep Cervical Flexors. Conventional group were not given any intervention. As an outcome measure, the APECS posture evaluation and correction system was utilized to assess pre- and post-test measurements. Result: The mean value of pre-test was 25.720 and the post-test was 39.140 for conventional group and the mean value of pre-test was 22.187 and the post test was 25.533 for intervention group. Conclusion: As a result of this finding, it has been concluded that exercises on correcting forward head posture were more effective than conventional group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives. Hypertension is also known as Elevated Blood Pressure in which SBP is equal to 120-129 mm Hg while DBP is equal or less than to 80 mm Hg or if a person taking antihypertensive drugs at any stage of higher BP according to American college of Cardiology/American Heart Association 2017 guidelines The main objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of posture correction on Blood Pressure in persons with Forward Head Posture: A Randomized Control Trial. Materials and methods. 86 patients with a mean age of 56.83±11.40 who had Forward Head Posture and raised blood pressure were randomly assigned to 2 group (N= 43 in each group) Group 1 is experimental group who performed strengthening exercise (Cervical isometrics, Rhomboids and Longus Capitis) and stretching exercises (Trapezius, Scalene, Sternocleidomastoid and Pectoralis Major and minor) 6 repetitions of each exercise, twice per week for 4 weeks). Group 2 is a control which was on antihypertensive drugs for 4 weeks. The outcome measures used was BP using Sphygmomanometer. Patients were assessed at baseline, after 4 weeks of treatment. Outcomes. Of 86 patients, 43 patients who received stretching and strengthening exercise, received intervention twice per week for 4 weeks. There was significant within group effects (p=0.000) for Blood Pressure. The findings obtained by comparing both groups were, SBP & DBP reduced significantly after 4 weeks SBP (MD = 2.86; 95% CI 3.23 to 2.48; p= 0.000) DBP (MD = 2.48; 95% CI 2.82 to 2.15; p= 0.000) Conclusions. The efficacy of posture correction in persons with Forward Head Posture is an effective treatment and could considerably decrease the Blood Pressure in Hypertensive patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forward Neck and Rounded Shoulder is one of an incorrect posture. Craniovertebral angle, rounded shoulder posture measurement and posture screen mobile are the types of outcome measures to assess the conditions. To find the effect of the Muscle Energy Technique and Stabilization Exercise on the forward neck and rounded shoulder for elite swimmers. Study Design: Experimental study. Method: The study design was an experimental study, 30 male elite swimmers were selected from Pondicherry Swimming Pool Academy, They were allocated divided into two groups, Group A (n=15) Muscle Energy Technique and Stabilization Exercise Group B (n=15) Conventional treatment, 3 sessions in a week for 6week, The outcome measure (Craniovertebral angle, Rounded Shoulder Posture Measurement and posture screen mobile) were measured in pre and post-test for 6 week period. Results: Data analysis was done by unpaired 't' test and paired 't' test for the between group and within the group analysis respectively, The statistic analysis done with unpaired 't' test within the Group A and Group B analyses is shown significance (p<0.01). Which shows that Group A must be significant than Group B, it have been concluded that Group A shows improvement in rounded shoulder and forward neck posture in elite swimmer with the outcome measures than Group B. CONCLUSION: This study concludes that the Muscle Energy Technique and Stabilization Exercise (Group-A) shows more significant improvement in rounded shoulder and forward neck posture in elite swimmers when compared with conventional treatment (Group-B) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Migraine is the most common disorder that affects the population extensively and leads to significant disability in employment, domestic work, and social activities. Postural assessment is one of the important constituents of the clinical analysis of patients with musculoskeletal disorders. Incorrect posture can cause stress on the structures of neck and continuous stress that leads to FHP (forward head posture) and headache. The purpose of the study was to find out the relationship between forward head posture and headache related disability in migraine patients. Methods. The prospective correlational study was carried out to explore the relationship between forward head posture and headache related disability in migraine. 55 participants were recruited in this study examined by photographic method. The forward head posture was measured by craniovertebral angle. Various photographs were taken from the subjects and were uploaded on the Kinovea 08.15 software to measure the craniovertebral angle. Results. The results shows that negative correlation was found between forward head posture and headache related disability. Statistical analysis was done by using Pearson correlation test. Results also showed that lower the CVA (forward head posture), greater the headache related disability either sitting or standing position in migraine patient experienced more headache. Conclusion. FHP with headache related disability in migraine showed moderate to good negative correlation. This study concluded that subjects with migraine headache had more FHP. In migraine patients; CV angle was small as compared to normal subjects. So, CV angle showed negative correlation with migraine.

Background and Objectives: One of the major problems of today’s industrial life is the injuries and abnormalities caused by improper use of equipment in the neck muscles and spine. One of these injuries is forward head posture (FHP). The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of the presence of FHP and its severity on the students’ hearing thresholds. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 55 volunteer students participated. All subjects completed a questionnaire containing general questions and specialized questions in the field of hearing risk factors. Side-view pictures were taken of each person. After selecting three photos, the size of the craniovertebral angle was determined using the MB Ruler software. The mean of the three sizes obtained was used in statistical analysis. Audiometry and tympanometry were performed. Results: Out of 31 women and 24 men, 24 women (77.41%) and 21 men (87.5%) had FHP. In women, the number of severe FHP was twice that of men. No statistically significant difference was observed between men and women suffering from FHP alone and according to its classification. In this study, no statistically significant difference was observed between FHP and its classification with hearing thresholds. Conclusion: In this study, most students had FHP (81.8%). Considering that the volunteers are students and are faced with the factors affecting the occurrence of FHP, the existence of a large number of students with this condition is not surprising, and it can be concluded that this condition does not affect the young students’ hearing.

Purpose: The current investigation aimed to compare the sensorimotor integration, sensorimotor control, and cost of cognitive-motor dual task during walking, in persons with chronic WAD as compared to matched chronic idiopathic neck pain and normal healthy controls. Methods: A cross-sectional, case control design comparing 30 participants in each of two study groups (chronic WAD and chronic idiopathic neck pain) to a matched control group was conducted. Measurements included: (1) the cranio-vertebral angle (CVA), (2) left and right rotation head repositioning accuracy (HRA), (3) frontal N30 amplitudes to assess sensorimotor integration, (4) dual cognitive gait cost (DCGC). Results: A statistically significant difference for the CVA was found between groups: WAD 36.8° ± 3.4, chronic pain 44.5° ± 1.5, and controls 47.1° ± 4; p < 0.05. MANOVA revealed significant group differences for the N30 amplitude (p < 0.05), where the WAD group had the greatest amplitude. Statistically significant differences among the three groups were found for HRA left and right where the WAD group had the greatest error, (p < 0.05). Post hoc tests revealed that the WAD group had the highest dual-task cost during walking, (p < 0.05). Significant linear correlations between the CVA and N30 amplitude, HRA, and DCGC were identified in all 3 groups, (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Compared to both a matched control group and chronic neck pain group, whiplash-injured persons have greater forward head posture, greater error in sensorimotor control, and an altered ability to perform a motor task with a simultaneous cognitive task. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dizziness or vertigo can be caused by dysfunction of the vestibular or non-vestibular systems. The diagnosis, treatment, and mechanism of dizziness or vertigo caused by vestibular dysfunction have been described in detail. However, dizziness by the non-vestibular system, especially cervicogenic dizziness, is not well known. This paper explained the cervicogenic dizziness caused by abnormal sensory input with references to several studies. Among head and neck muscles, suboccipital muscles act as stabilizers and controllers of the head. Structural and functional changes of the suboccipital muscles can induce dizziness. Especially, myodural bridges and activation of trigger point stimulated by abnormal head posture may be associated with cervicogenic dizziness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Forward head posture (FHP) is a common postural deviation. An increasing number of studies have reported that people with FHP present with impaired postural control and gait; however, there is conflicting evidence. A systematic review focusing on these relationships has been unavailable to date.Research Question: Is there a relationship between FHP, postural control and gait?Methods: This systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement (PROSPERO ID: CRD42021231908). Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and CINAHL Plus (via EBSCO) were systematically searched, and a manual search was performed using the reference lists of included studies. Eligible studies included observational studies addressing the relationship between FHP, postural control and/or gait. Quality assessment was conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Cross-Sectional Studies.Results: Nineteen studies were selected for this review. Consistent evidence supported that people with FHP had significant alterations in limits of stability (n = 3), performance-based balance (n = 3), and cervical proprioception (n = 4). Controversial evidence existed for a relationship of FHP with static balance (n = 4) and postural stability control (n = 4). Limited evidence existed to support an alteration in gait and vestibular function. Three studies on induced FHP consistently identified no reduced postural control.Significance: Current evidence supports an association between FHP and a detrimental alteration in limits of stability, performance-based balance, and cervical proprioception. Instead of simply indicating impaired overall balance, the findings of this review indicate that a reduction in specific aspects of the postural control requires to be clarified in clinical evaluation for individuals with FHP, which would facilitate the planning and application of appropriate interventions to prevent dysfunctions and disability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]