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El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo evidenciar el impacto que ha tenido la pandemia (número de contagios) y algunas otras variables clave como: el Índice general y sectorial de EE.UU., el tipo de cambio y el precio del petróleo WTI en los niveles de capitalización bursátil de las empresas que componen el Índice de Precios y Cotizaciones de la Bolsa Mexicana de Valores. Para analizar dicho problema se emplean modelos de datos panel, uno general y seis sectoriales, a partir de las técnicas de: mínimos cuadrados ordinarios dinámicos (DOLS) y mínimos cuadrados ordinarios completamente modificados (FMOLS) para el período marzo 2020-marzo 2021. Los resultados señalan que existe un impacto negativo del Covid-19 y del tipo de cambio para la mayoría de las empresas. En cuanto a las variables índice general y sectorial estadounidense y precio del petróleo, para la mayoría de los sectores, se muestra un impacto estadísticamente significativo y de naturaleza positiva. Con base en lo esperado, los impactos para cada sector son diversos debido a la distinta naturaleza de cada uno de ellos.

Copyright of Akademik Hassasiyetler is the property of Huzeyfe Suleyman Arslan and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Exchange rate (EXR) stability is crucial for especially the developing economies. This study examines the macroeconomic variables which affect EXR in member countries of South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC). To do the analyses, data from 1981 to 2019 was relied upon. To estimate the long-run coefficients, Fully Modified Ordinary Least Square (FMOLS) is incorporated. The outcomes of FMOLS exhibit that the variables such as trade, inflation, GDP, total debt services, trade openness, and tariff rate are inversely related to EXR while broad money is found to affect the EXR in positive. As a policy prospect, The Central Bank (CB) is needed to follow tight monetary policy to curtail liquidity of money in economy. It is recommended that CB to discourage government project financing that is to cause increase in money supply but to initiate trendline to facilitate GDP growth, trade, and imposition of tariff to curtail rising EXR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the asymmetric impact of oil price (OP) on the ecological footprint (EF) in the major oil-producing African countries over the period 1988–2018. Results from the dynamic seemingly unrelated regression (DSUR) and the countrywise FMOLS regressions establish the asymmetric impact of OP on EF in the countries. Both GDP per capita and non-renewable energy (NRE) consumption are also affirmed as drivers of environmental degradation, while renewable energy consumption is found to be a promoter of environmental sustainability. Furthermore, a unidirectional causal relationship is found from OP to EF, GDP and NRE, while feedback is reported between EF and GDP. Therefore, the study proposes the need for diversification of the energy mix in these countries through the formulation of policies that would drive renewable energy usage without slowing down growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study looks at whether credit unions, a type of microfinance, increase or decrease poverty in Cameroon from 2004 Q1 to 2021 Q4. Method/design: The fully modified ordinary least square, dynamic ordinary least square, and conical co‐integration is applied. Findings: The findings reveal a long‐term association between credit union measures and poverty levels. The results indicate that the number of credit unions, the number of commercial bank branches, and credit to the private sector negatively relate to poverty levels. This implies that as the number of credit unions increases, the poverty level increases as the credit unions tend to exploit the poor population. Outstanding deposits positively impact poverty levels, which imply that members' deposits alleviate poverty. Research implications: The government should refurbish the existing programs to enhance credit unions' activities to focus more on banking the poor population especially in remote areas. The credit unions should increase deposit mobilization from the public to empower individuals and businesses. The government should regulate the number of credit unions being created to limit exploitation. The government should intervene to ensure that credit unions' policy regarding lending, interest rates, and loan recovery procedures are mutually agreed upon by the parties. Originality/novelty: Limited studies used secondary data focusing on credit unions. The studies give conflicting results: Some studies reveal that microfinance banks positively affect poverty reduction. Some indicate negative effects of microfinance on poverty reduction. Others show that microfinance institutions do not significantly influence poverty reduction. Different opinions exist among depositors and borrowers of credit unions concerning poverty alleviation. Some credit union members hold that credit unions increase poverty, while others argue that credit unions alleviate poverty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents empirical results regarding the relationships between renewable and non-renewable energy consumption, CO2 emissions, and the GDP within the Visegrád Group (V4) countries. Using FMOLS/DOLS and ARDL approaches, along with causality tests based on the Toda–Yamamoto method, this study explores these relationships at a regional level. The study fills the research gaps for a comprehensive analysis of the indicated relationships in the V4 countries by using both individual and panel models. The findings indicate that renewable energy has a small positive impact on long-term economic growth, with non-renewable energy having a more significant effect. Moreover, CO2 emissions have a negative impact on economic growth, suggesting an ongoing reliance on non-renewable energy sources and a burden on economic expansion. At an individual country level, the effects vary. Poland, Slovakia, and Hungary exhibit a negative relationship between CO2 emissions and economic growth. Energy sources also differ in regards to impact: in Poland, the Czech Republic, and Slovakia, non-renewable energy significantly affects economic growth, while in Hungary, renewable energy plays a more substantial role. Causality tests reveal a causal relationship between CO2 emissions and economic growth in the Czech Republic and Poland, suggesting that CO2 emissions significantly influence economic expansion. In terms of energy production, renewable energy is causally related to economic growth in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. All countries demonstrate significant causality between non-renewable energy and economic growth. Additionally, a relationship between renewable energy and CO2 emissions is confirmed in Poland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the face of intensifying climate change-induced environmental problems, understanding the causal relationship between carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and socioeconomic factors is crucial for achieving sustainable development. This study investigates how the causal relationships between renewable energy, information and communication technology (ICT), logistics networks, economic growth, industrialization, and energy intensity impact sustainable development using a panel dataset drawn from 104 countries and covering 2006 to 2019. Methodologically, panel unit root, panel co-integration, and Granger causality tests are employed as robust econometric techniques. The results of the panel unit root and co-integration tests confirm the stationarity of the variables and reveal significant long-term relationships among them throughout the empirical analysis period. Notably, the panel FMOLS and DOLS estimates indicate a positive effect of RE and ICT on reducing CO2 emissions, whereas GDP and energy intensity have a negative impact on CO2 emissions reduction. Moreover, the pairwise Granger causality test findings indicate bidirectional causal relationships between RE and CO2, IND and CO2, ICT and RE, IND and RE, GDP and ICT, as well as IND and ICT. The study recommends providing policy support, including for technological development and innovation, towards establishing a system that fosters sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the impact of natural resource exploitation on environmental sustainability in Southeast Asian economies, while testing the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) inverted U-shaped hypothesis, a model which suggests an initial increase in environmental degradation with economic growth followed by a decrease at a certain level of income. Utilizing World Development Indicators data from 1995 to 2018, the research dissects the long-term influence of various resource rents, namely coal, oil, and forest. The research highlights the indispensable role of renewable energy in maintaining ecological balance. Results indicate that while coal rent exacerbates environmental degradation, forest and oil rents prove eco-friendly, although this is only confirmed in fully modified OLS estimation. The study underscores the importance of forest rents in achieving environmental sustainability. Renewable energy emerges as vital for promoting sustainable low-carbon practices. In line with the EKC hypothesis, the study finds that economic growth initially increases carbon emissions, but eventually reduces them. It calls for appropriate measures to manage resource exploitation, ensure renewable energy availability, alleviate energy poverty, and curb deforestation, thereby mitigating ecological damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper explores the long-term causal relationships of Malaysian palm oil exports with the real effective exchange rate of the respective importing countries, palm oil consumption, vegetable oil production, and GDP growth. The study applied panel cointegration and causality approaches based on data from 10 main palm oil importing countries between 2004 and 2018. The impacts of economic growth, the effective real exchange rate, and the production of other vegetable oils by the main palm oil importing countries on Malaysian palm oil exports were found to be negative. However, palm oil consumption by the main palm oil importers was found to be a statistically significant positive determinant of Malaysian palm oil exports. This finding indicates that consumption has a direct positive effect on the demand for exports. A panel Granger causality analysis revealed a unidirectional causality between importing countries' production of other vegetable oils and Malaysian exports of palm oil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyses whether Coronavirus health shocks and government responses in terms of lockdown policy and stringency measures impact stock markets in Africa. We found that stock markets appeared to be more negatively responsive to growth in total number of COVID‐19 reported cases than the growth in deaths in the case of Nigeria and South Africa. While for Egypt, the stock market reacted significantly negative to both COVID‐19‐related indicators. Our results further show that government stringency policy has significant negative effect on stock market returns in the case of Nigeria and South Africa, but positive in the case of Egypt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Remittances are a crucial part of economic expansion, especially in Central Asia. Nevertheless, it is not possible to ignore its environmental damage. This paper is a pioneer in investigating the association among CO2 emissions, remittances, energy consumption and economic development in Central Asian countries (Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan) spanning the period of 1995–2022. As a methodology, the FMOLS estimator is applied to check linear impact and long-run association as well. Panel threshold regression model and 2SLS method are applied to examine potential non-linear relations among the studied variables. Hausman–Taylor and Amacurdy estimators are employed to control the endogeneity issue among the variables of interest. The results suggest the existence of a long-run relationship among the studied variables. Precisely, applying the FMOLS method, remittances negatively impact CO2 emissions in the long run. The relationship between CO2 emissions and remittances is distorted when the endogeneity issue is considered with the Panel threshold regression model, 2SLS method, and Hausman–Taylor and Amacurdy estimators. This distortion validates the linear impact of remittances on CO2 emissions in CA. The Dumitrescu–Hurlin causality test shows that all independent variables have a causal effect on the dependent variable, validating the effect of the studied variables. Consequently, decision-makers should facilitate remittances towards more environmentally friendly and sustainable solutions to prevent the detrimental effects of remittance inflows on carbon emissions in Central Asia.

AbstractOwing to the significant role of financial sector reforms in economic growth, several studies have examined its transmission channels. This paper focuses on the stock market channel by investigating the impact of financial sector reforms on stock market growth in Ghana from 1990 to 2019. A multidimensional index was constructed to measure the financial sector reforms. Employing fully modified least squares (FMOLS) and error-correction models, the findings reveal that financial sector reforms promote stock market growth in Ghana in the long run. By disaggregating the financial sector reforms, the findings reveal that competitive reform has the highest impact followed by behavioural and privatisation reforms respectively. Finally, the findings reveal a bi-causal relationship between financial sector reforms and stock market growth. The paper thus implores the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) to reinforce its supervisory role, policy implementation, and investor protection laws to ensure greater compliance with the reforms. In addition, macroeconomic policies that are helpful to the growth of the capital market must be deepened to stimulate expected growth in the Ghanaian stock market.

AbstractCorruption is a serious problem in some ASEAN countries except Singapore and Brunei, judging from their ranking and scores on Transparency International’s Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI). The concept of good governance is much broader than control of corruption. Governance and corruption may be related, but they are distinct nations and should not be regarded as the same. However, this study’s objective is to investigate the nexus between control of corruption and quality of governance from 1984 to 2021 for eight ASEAN countries. Fully Modified Ordinary Least Square (FMOLS) and Dynamic Ordinary Least Square (DOLS) methodologies were used to estimate the long- and short-run relationships. The result reveals a positive and significant relationship between control of corruption and governance quality in ASEAN countries. It means better anti-corruption leads to enhancing the quality of governance in the ASEAN countries. In addition, the relationship between governance quality and control of corruption is also positive and significant. It shows that better governance quality will reduce corruption in the ASEAN region. This study’s practical contribution is strengthening its governance and control of corruption in the ASEAN member country’s leader. This study’s scientific contribution investigated the vice-versa of the relationship between control of corruption and quality of governance, especially in the context of the ASEAN region.

Stock markets have many basic functions such as providing liquidity to an economy, spreading capital to the base, facilitating structural changes in the economy and creating resources for the economy. Therefore, it is important to determine the macroeconomic factors that affect the stock market prices. The aim of this study is to determine the determinants of the stock price and to compare the factors affecting the price of Borsa İstanbul-100 and Borsa İstanbul-30 Index. The data regarding the model of the study includes the range of 2011/Q1-2022/Q3 and consists of 47 quarterly data. In the study, BIST-100 and BIST-30 index prices are explained as variables representing stock prices, and as explanatory variables; Dollar/TL rate, interest paid on time deposits up to 3 months, gold ounce price and European Brent oil price are used. The existence of a long-term relationship between the variables was determined by the Johansen cointegration test. It has been determined that there is no significant difference for the two stock market indices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to reveal the direction and coefficient of the long-term impact of i5-year term CDS premiums on the BIST 100 index. In this regard, the analysis examined data on the 5-year CDS premiums and the BIST 100 index, which covered the months of January 2010 and November 2022. In the study, Johansen Co-Integration analysis is used to determine the cointegration relationship between the variables. The direction and coefficient of the cointegration relationship are estimated using the FMOLS, CCR, and DOLS methods. The research findings have shown that the series are long-term correlated, and according to the FMOLS, DOLS, and CCR methods, an increase in CDS of 1% results in a decrease in the BIST100 index of 28.2%, 34.3%, and 29%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To analyze E-7 economies, the authors employ panel data and relevant panel data econometrics approaches for long-run relationships Mean group, fully modified and dynamic OLS (MG, FMOLS, DOLS) to monitor changes over time between variables, which is important in actual studies. The models' primary findings are as follows: The panel cointegration tests confirm log-run associations among the targeted variables. International tourism has the largest influence on creating direct jobs in the tourist industry. The control variables like FDI and TI increase employment opportunities in the targeted economies. Furthermore, the results confirm that total natural resources reduce employment services in the E-7 economies. Other factors that might affect the performance of the tourist activity are not included in the model. Furthermore, given the availability of official and consistent data, it only includes what has been recorded up to 2020; our target was 2022, but due to data limitation, it covers 2020. The objective is to assess both the significance of tourist-related activities in creating jobs and the effect of tourism on country-level factors where public policy may influence economic activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Stable Economy Journal is the property of University of Sistan & Baluchestan and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This research targets to investigate the link between research and development expenditures and financial expansion along with other control variables such as natural resources (NRS) and gross domestic product (GDP) for China's economy over the period of 1984–2021. To analyse china's economy, the authors employ time series data relevant to econometrics approaches for long-run relationships (FMOLS, DOLS, and CCR) to monitor changes over time between variables, which is important in actual studies. The models' primary findings are as follows: The cointegration test confirms that there are log-run associations among the targeted variables. Our targeted results show that Research and development expenditures have the largest influence on the financial expansion of the economy. The control variables like NRS decreases financial expansion while GDP boosts financial expansion in china. These results imply that it is very important for policymakers further to change their policy concerning investment in R&D activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the growing knowledge and commitment to climate change, carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions continue to rise dramatically throughout the planet. In recent years, the consequences of climate change have become more catastrophic and have attracted widespread attention globally. CO2emissions from the energy industry have lately been highlighted as one of the world’s most pressing concerns for all countries. This paper examines the relationships between CO2emissions, electrical energy consumption, and gross domestic product (GDP) in Bangladesh from 1972 to 2019 in the first section. In this purpose, we applied the fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) approach. The findings indicate that CO2emissions, electrical energy consumption, and GDP have a statistically significant long-term cointegrating relationship. Developing an accurate CO2emissions forecasting model is crucial for tackling it safely. This leads to the second step, which involves formulating the multivariate time series CO2emissions forecasting challenges considering its influential factors. Based on multivariate time series prediction, four deep learning algorithms are analyzed in this work, those are convolution neural network (CNN), CNN long short-term memory (CNN–LSTM), long short-term memory (LSTM), and dense neural network (DNN). The root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) are used to analyze and compare the performances of the predictive models. The prediction errors in MAPE of the CNN, CNN–LSTM, LSTM, and DNN are 15.043, 5.065, 5.377, and 3.678, respectively. After evaluating those deep learning models, a multivariate polynomial regression has also been employed to forecast CO2emissions. It seems to have nearly similar accuracy as the LSTM model, having a MAPE of 5.541.

This paper examines energy use under policy regime changes (that is, before and after the Economic Recovery Programme/Structural Adjustment Programme (ERP)/(SAP)) in Ghana, paying attention to the extent to which the regime switch moderates energy use in the agriculture and manufacturing sectors which are two key sectors of the economy. Employing the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and the Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) on data spanning 1971–2014, the study finds the structural change policy to be positively correlated with energy use. Agriculture and manufacturing also have positive impacts on energy use. As a policy direction, subsequent structural change policies that focus on increasing output, especially in the private sector, must come along with the needed energy use strategy. Also, the agriculture and manufacturing sectors should be focused on production mixes and systems that are energy efficient.

The present research examines the correlation between natural resources, institutional quality, and economic growth in five nations in South Asia. To estimate the model, the study utilized the Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) estimation technique, analyzing data spanning from 2001 to 2020. The study reveals that natural resources exert a significant negative impact on growth while institutional quality wields a significant positive effect on economic growth. Additionally, labor and capital demonstrated a significant positive influence on economic growth. These outcomes have important implications for policymakers and decisionmakers, urging them to consider the complex interplay of natural resources, institutional quality, labor, and capital in shaping economic growth strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Economía is the property of Universidade Federal do Parana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose – This research investigates the bond between stock market development and agricultural growth in African emerging economies from 1990 to 2020. Design/methodology/approach – Agricultural value added to the gross domestic product measures agricultural growth and market capitalization and stock value traded measure stock market development. Findings – The findings disclose that market capitalization negatively affects agricultural growth while stock value traded positively affects agricultural growth in the fully modified and dynamic ordinary least square techniques. The findings unveil bidirectional causality between labour and agricultural value added with unidirectional causality flow from agricultural value added to market capitalization and stock value traded. Research limitations/implications – The governments should promote agricultural growth initiatives which stimulate stock market development. Effective methods required to encourage credit flow to the agricultural enterprises through the stock markets' intermediation should be promoted using aggressive policies which eliminate credit flow bottlenecks. Policy makers and regulatory authorities should implement policies which attract investors to the agricultural sector and encourage companies' listing in the stock markets. The capital market funding should be expanded to boost economic growth through agricultural value added. Originality/value – Literature reveals divergent results on the relationship between stock market development and agricultural growth. Earlier studies provide conflicting findings on the bond between stock market development and agricultural growth. Some findings indicate positive link between stock market development and agricultural growth, while others show a negative association. Studies' results reveal opposing directions of causality between stock market development and agricultural growth.

Research background: Taylor rule is a widely adopted approach to follow monetary policy and investigate various mechanisms related to or triggered by monetary policy. To date, no in-depth examination of scale, determinants and spillovers of state-level monetary policy stress, stemming from the Federal Reserve Board's (Fed's) policy has been performed. Purpose of the article: This paper aims to investigate the nature of monetary policy stress on US States delivered by the single monetary policy by using a quarterly dataset spanning the years between 1989 and 2017. Methods: We apply a wide array of time series and panel regressions, such as unit root tests, co-integration tests, co-integrating FMOLS and DOLS regressions, and Spatial Panel SAR and SEM models. Findings & value added: When average stress imposed on states is calculated, it is observed that the level of stress is moderate, but the distribution across states is asymmetric. The cross-state determinants behind the average stress show that states with a higher percentage of working-age and highly educated population, as well as those with higher population density and more export-oriented are negatively stressed (i.e. they experience excessively low interest rates), whereas higher unemployment rate contributes to a positive stress (too high interest rates). To the best of our knowledge, the contribution of this paper lies in estimating monetary policy stress at the state level and unveiling some of the determinants of this stress. Moreover, the paper makes the first attempt to empirically test spatial spillovers of the stress, which are indeed found significant and negative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prolonged issue of environmental degradation, especially in developing countries, has urgently called for a solution by first identifying the source of the problem. Poverty has been identified as among the core cause of environmental degradation. But we also foresee the prospect of migrations from poor countries as an additional force that leads to the worsening of environmental deterioration. Empirically, this paper investigates the effect of migration on the environmental deterioration of 29 developing countries for the period between 1980 and 2019. Adopting the panel cointegration approach, the paper finds evidence that deterioration seems to be higher in countries with a higher level of migration. Although the results could be undesirable to the host countries, the best and win–win solution could be achieved by the government of the host countries, either with or without the assistance of the United Nations, to introduce more assistance to support their life and educate their citizens to be more environmentally savvy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the long-term and causal relationship between tourism activity and the informal economy in 76 countries from 1995 to 2015. We explore this relationship at the global level and by country group, using panel, co-integration techniques that indicate the existence of a long-run co-integration relationship between tourism and informal economy for the whole sample and at the level of country groups. Additionally, the paper analyzes the long-run coefficients of the model by using fully modified ordinary least square regressions (FMOLS). The results from FMOLS evidence a negative and significant impact of tourism on the informal economy at the global level and in high, upper-middle, and lower-middle income countries, but a positive link in low-income countries. However, the results reveal a heterogeneous long-run relationship within country groups. Also, the result of the Dumitrescu-Hurlin Granger causality test indicates bidirectional causality in the global sample, but the direction of causality varies by country group. The main policy implication derived from our findings suggests that in order to reduce the size of informal economy, policy-makers should foster tourism activities. JEL Classification: : J01, L83, C23, O57, C00, C01 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Scientific Journal of Agricultural Sciences (SJAS) is the property of Beni Suef University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The trade-off between environmental degradation and unemployment has been recently termed as Environmental Philips Curve (EPC). This research attempts to investigate the presence of EPC in the Indian context utilizing time series data for the period 1990–2019. Besides contributing to the meagre empirical literature on this issue, the present study makes a novel contribution by introducing a gender dimension to this investigation. In particular, this study investigates whether the nexus between environmental degradation and unemployment is different for men and women. We examine the presence of the EPC by estimating a model that considers growth in CO2 emission as a function of economic growth, trade openness, and gender segregated unemployment rates. Our findings based on autoregressive distributed lag, fully modified ordinary least squares, and dynamic ordinary least squares estimators generate robust evidence for a negative impact of male unemployment rate on growth in CO2 emission that validates the existence of the Environmental Philips Curve for the male unemployment rate. However, there is no trade-off between environmental quality and women's employment. In fact, the results point to a favourable effect of reduction in female unemployment on environmental quality. The results of the Block Exogeneity test indicate a unidirectional causality from male unemployment rate to environmental degradation. However, a bidirectional causal relationship exists between female unemployment and environmental degradation. The existence of a trade-off between environmental quality and male employment suggests that India is yet to find viable technologies that can curtail pollution without compromising its livelihood. An optimistic conclusion emanating from our findings is the existence of a virtuous cycle between female employment and environmental quality. An integrated approach to improve environmental quality and increase women's economic activity may facilitate a speedy realization of sustainable development goals for India as both the goals complement and reinforce each other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The environmental sustainability challenges posed by coal mining as a critical revenue and energy source for South Africa have been sparsely explored in the literature. Therefore, the current study examines the role of technological innovation (TI) in the coal mining (CM)-ecological footprint (EF) nexus in South Africa from1981 to 2017. Results from FMOLS, DOLS, and CCR establish that CM contributes significantly to environmental degeneration in South Africa. Furthermore, the findings reveal that while TI has a separate positive influence on environmental sustainability, the interaction between CM and TI leads to a declining EF. This implies that TI mitigates the negative impact of CM on the environment. Hence, it is concluded that coal production in the country should be embedded in environment-sustaining technological process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the impact of leverage (short- and long-term debt) and some other key variables (growth, size, return on assets (ROA) and solvency) on the stock market returns of Mexican listed companies, over 2017-2021. The period covers the Covid-19 crisis and the previous period of uncertainty generated by the benchmark interest rate cut in 2018. For this purpose, panel least squares: ordinary (OLS) and fully modified (FMOLS) models are proposed. Empirical evidence shows that ROA, growth, size, and solvency have a significant impact on stock returns. Variables related to leverage do not seem to be related to stock returns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the effects of tax policies on international tourist arrivals to the Maldives using the fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) panel data method. The Maldives is chosen as a case study because the nation is heavily dependent on tourism and earn up to 70% of total government revenue in tourism tax. As expected, the estimated tax elasticities show that tourism tax adversely influences inbound travel, but significant differences across source markets are observed. Specifically, a 10% increase in tourism tax reduces demand by 5.4%. The degree of responsiveness of tourism demand to changes in taxes is essential for tourism policy since a change in the cost of visiting a destination resulting from a change in tourism tax policies affects inbound tourism demand. Consequently, the effectiveness of current fiscal policies is a matter of concern for attracting international tourists to the Maldives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Emerging Economies & Policy is the property of JOEEP: Journal of Emerging Economies & Policy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The main aim of this study was to examine the relationship between trade openness and export diversification in the Libyan economy during the period 1962-2017. In order to achieve its objective, the study used correlation analysis, Hansen (1992) parameter instability cointegration test, FMOLS estimator and Toda & Yamamoto (1995) TY non Granger causality test. The main findings of the study indicated a positive relationship between trade openness and export diversification. In addition, a long run equilibrium relationship between them was captured. FMOLS results showed a positive and significant impact of trade openness on export diversification. However, TY test was not able to provide an evidence of long run causality between the study variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study is to assess the effect of trade openness on economic growth in Somalia using time series data spanning 1985-2017. The study employed multivariate cointegration and a fully modified ordinary least square (FMOLS) cointegration method to achieve the objective of the study. The empirical findings of the multivariate cointegration test detected the presence of the long-run connection among the variables in Somalia. Moreover, the findings of the FMOLS method indicated that trade openness has a negative and significant effect on economic growth in the long run in Somalia. Besides, gross capital formation and labor force stimulate economic growth in Somalia in the long run. However, the study recommends the implementation of an effective policy to turn the unfavorable effect of trade openness on economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]