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This paper mainly focuses on the recent advances in the semi-analytical approximated methods for solving Fredholm Integro-Differential Equations (FIDEs) of the second kind by using Variational Iteration Method (VIM), Homotopy Perturbation Method (HPM) and Direct Homotopy Analysis Method (DHAM). Convergence analysis of the exact solution of the proposed methods is established. Moreover, we proved the uniqueness of the solution. To illustrate the methods, an example is presented.

In Rome, the area of the human relationship with the deity was the framework in which appeared and developed the concept of mutual obligation, fides. On the one hand, this meant carefully observing the ancestral religion and fulfilling the promises made to the deity; on the other hand, fides was also a moral trait of the person in question. To be of good faith means to show loyalty, sincerity, honesty; to obey your word, to keep your promise. Subsequently, the term in question was transformed into a legal concept, becoming bona fides. Initially used in the Republican era, we find the concept of good faith in the oldest sources of classical civil law, such as the Perpetual Edict and the Institutions of Gaius and we find it applied even in imperial law, proof being Corpus iuris. It will be studied in the faculties of the medieval era and will receive a place of honour in Western civil law. Probability, diligence, lawlessness and abstention from the harm of another (alterum non laedere), as component elements of bona fides, have translated, in the legal plane, that honest and direct life taken from the Stoics and has been perpetuated in contemporaneity as an indispensable principle of law.

After a historical and cultural grounding of Prosper of Aquitaine's lex orandi, lex credendi and of Anselm of Canterbury's notion that theology is fides quarens intellectum, this article examines the importance of constructing an Episcopal Latinoa theology that is clearly validated by the academy but whose most important validation comes from the people who are the church. Teología de conjunto (or teología en conjunto ) demands and expects theologians’ grounding location to be within lo cotidiano of our people. To theologize latinamente, therefore, is a movement, a contextual perspective, and a methodological approach to theologizing within Christian theology, distinguished by a cultural, critical, contextual, justice-seeking, and noninnocent interpretation of Scripture, tradition and doctrine, society and church, and history. It is intent on acknowledging and honoring Latinoa cultures, histories, and stories as legitimate and necessary sources of Christian theology.

Reliability prediction is conducted in all phases of the product life cycle. The purpose of these predictions is to identify the potential weaknesses in design, to evaluate the design feasibility, to compare alternative designs, to provide the model for reliability analysis, to track reliability improvement, etc. Reliability of electronic component is predicted by using statistical prediction methods (standards-based), statistical analysis of operation & maintenance data or by performing reliability testing. The article describes statistical prediction methods such as MIL-HDBK-217, RIAC 217Plus, FIDES Guide 2009, which are widely used for predicting the reliability of electronic components. In addition, we have calculated and compared the failure rate of electronic components in military vehicles conducted with the use of these different methods.

Odlomci enciklike Fides et ratio koji su izričito posvećeni sv. Tomi Akvinskomu tvore svojevrsni zgusnuti sažetak, odnosno sintezu cjelokupne enciklike. Ti odlomci sadrže glavne teme koje su razrađene u drugim dijelovima enciklike (filozofija otvorena vjeri, teologija pozorna na filozofiju i dr.). Naučavanje enciklike o ulozi tradicija u intelektualnom životu daje opravdanje stalnih preporuka Crkve o povlaštenom nauku sv. Tome, kako u filozofiji, tako i u teologiji., The paragraphs contained in the encyclical Fides et Ratio which are explicitly devoted to Saint Thomas Aquinas comprise a condensed summation, or rather synthesis of the entire encyclical. These paragraphs incorporate the main themes which are expounded in other sections of the encyclical (philosophy opened to faith, theology mindful of philosophy, etc.) Encyclical teachings on the role of tradition in intellectual life justifies the constant recommendations of the Church regarding the favoured teachings of Saint Thomas, as in philosophy, so too in theology.

Writing from his monastery in the seventh and eighth centuries, the Venerable Bede (ca. 672–735) was one of the foremost scholars of his era. Primarily known for his Ecclesiastical History of the English People, Bede’s vast corpus also included theological works, sermons, and biblical commentaries. Although most scholarly attention focuses on his historiography, this article explores Bede’s views on the notorious fifth-century monk, Pelagius. After surveying the works of both authors and commenting on the spread of Pelagianism in Britain, the article concludes that Bede saw Pelagianism as a persistent threat to orthodoxy, some three hundred years removed from the Pelagian controversies in the fifth century.

This essay wishes to address what is believed to be a central historical crossroad that allowed the development of economics, and other social sciences, in the modern era. Such development would not have been possible without the transformation of the fundamental ontology through which European and Christian societies understood the world around them and their own social structures. I identify the turning point of such transformation, as other scholars, philosophers and social scientists have done, with the Reformation, which was the center and cause of major cultural, political and scientific development. Philosophers and social scientists have developed such interpretation of the Reformation as the historical event in which the cultural and political landscape of western civilization has been utterly transformed. My interest in the Reformation as a religious, political and cultural upheaval lies in the fact that I identify Luther’s reforms not only as a shift in the landscape of political/religious authorities of the time, but also as a crucial moment in which the ontological landscape of western civilization has been radically changed. I am of the belief that the fundamental, ontological, assumptions of economics are based on the ontological revolution represented by Luther’s theology, and Reformation more generally, in a fundamental way. Such that economics would be unthinkable without the Reformation.

Reliability prediction of power supplies, which are based on power transistors and diodes is a comprehensive process and depends on type of power elements, type of power circuit, control circuit, cooling system, operating and environmental conditions. The relatively accurate indicator for the reliability of given power supply is its operational reliability, based on reliability parameters of elements, blocks and systems which it consists. For calculation of reliability parameters of single electronic component can be used a various methodology such as: MIL-HDBK-217F, FIDES, RDF2000, 217F and others. That methodologies have a different type of models, correction pi-factors and covers a different operating, manufacturing, and environmental parameters. The choice of a method is based on knowledge of the methodology itself, the type of power semiconductors that have been used, their load and the environmental conditions. All mentioned methodologies provided different values for reliability parameters – failure rates and probability for failure free operation and for a reliability engineer it is a complex task to choose the right methodology. In this paper are compared reliability indicators of two types of power semiconductors (MOSFET transistor and power diode), analyzed by two of the widely used methodologies – MIL-HDBK-217F and FIDES.

Despite some unwanted and unforeseen conditions and events, the robot RoboBeggar received mainly positive reactions from users with regard to its functionality, its interactive tasks and its ability to create fun and amusement during the interactive learning process. The robot was successful in its essential fundraising and supportive purposes. An analysis of the assembled data (from interviews, the newspaper article and from user and participant feedback) highlights the reasons why and the mechanisms by means of which the robot was transformed into a social totem that elicited some highly emotional reactions. It is apparent that the humanoid appearance of the robot and its verbal skills and appeal were among the main elements that elicited emotional responses from people and influenced their subsequent behaviour. This research tends to confirm that is through the agency of human imagination and perception that a robotic tool (in our case, the RoboBeggar) can be transformed into a totem of social value and effectiveness. It also became clear to the researchers that it is not only design and implementation that are important for the successful operation of a fundraising robot but that the robot's selfpresentation and social aura are also crucially important factors for an overall understanding of why such a robot may be successful. The test case conducted in the Kupittaa Mall clearly shows how presentation and social aura compensated for the partial failure of the RoboBeggar's implementation. It is also clear that interpersonal and cultural elements influenced the way in which people perceived, accepted and responded to the robot as a potential personal interlocutor. It is now clear that future developers of this model might do well to look at the possibility of technological improvement in the interface and e-learning modules. It is also clear that additional studies are required to investigate the emotional and psychological responses of users to advanced technological equipment that elicits emotional responses in human beings. It is also fundamentally important to be able to define exactly how influential both the hardware and software are in human-robot interactions so that effective guidance can be given to the designers of anthropomorphic robots of this kind. It is also important to be able to define the effect that particular physical environments and locations have on the efficiency of a humanoid robot's function so that it will be possible to place a robot in optimal situations for interacting with human beings.

No sólo la fuerza de las armas pudo hacer que Roma alcanzara y se consolidara como la primera potencia de la Antigüedad. El foedus fue uno de los instrumentos jurídicos básicos para evitar conflictos bélicos o bien concluirlos. De esta manera, Roma supo armonizar su Derecho con el de otros pueblos, surgiendo nuevas formas de pensar comunes entre gentes de culturas diferentes e instaurando los cimientos de los que hoy denominamos relaciones internacionales., Not only the force of arms could make that Rome reached and was established as the first power of antiquity. Foedus was one of the basic legal instruments to prevent conflicts or to conclude them. In this way, Rome was able to harmonize the right of other peoples, emerging new forms of thinking common among people of different cultures and by putting in place the foundations of which today we call international relations

Nos situamos en un momento histórico necesitado de nuevas reflexiones que tengan por fin mantener viva la idea de permanencia de la Unión Europea. Una Europa que además de disfrutar de una común identidad cultural, rica en valores éticos y sociales, sea también una entidad económica y política que posibilite la prosperidad y bienestar de todos los ciudadanos que la integran. Para ello, contamos con la civilización del pueblo romano como antecedente y raíz común de los pueblos que hoy conforman Europa y que ya reconocían como parte de los territorios romanos los historiadores clásicos cuando nos muestran sus relatos sobre la defensa de sus fronteras, No sólo la fuerza de las armas pudo hacer que Roma alcanzara y se consolidara como la primera potencia de la Antigüedad. El foedus fue uno de los instrumentos jurídicos básicos para evitar conflictos bélicos o bien concluirlos. De esta manera, Roma supo armonizar su Derecho con el de otros pueblos, surgiendo nuevas formas de pensar comunes entre gentes de culturas diferentes e instaurando los cimientos de los que hoy denominamos relaciones internacionales. Not only the force of arms could make that Rome reached and was established as the first power of antiquity. Foedus was one of the basic legal instruments to prevent conflicts or to conclude them. In this way, Rome was able to harmonize the right of other peoples, emerging new forms of thinking common among people of different cultures and by putting in place the foundations of which today we call international relations., El presente trabajo ha contado con el soporte del proyecto “Producción y adquisición de cerámicas finas en la Hispania altoimperial: sigilla hispaniae” (PID2019-105294GB-I00) / AEI / 10.13039/501100011033

‘Faith’ is one of Christianity's most significant, distinctive and complex concepts and practices, but Christian understandings of faith in the patristic period have received surprisingly little attention. This article explores two aspects of what Augustine terms fides qua, ‘the faith by which believers believe’. From the early second century, belief in the truth of doctrine becomes increasingly significant to Christians; by the fourth, affirming that certain doctrines are true has become central to becoming Christian and to remaining within the church. During the same period, we find a steady growth in poetic and imagistic descriptions of interior faith. This article explores how and why these developments occurred, arguing that they are mutually implicated and that this period sees the beginning of their long co-existence.

This paper has as its main theme the political practice of spreading fake news by political agents in contemporary Brazil and the possible application of the law of administrative improbity for violation of the principie of public trust (bana fides) in Public Administration. Thus, it is possib le to connect with the principie of administrative trust to substantiate the duty of the administrator to speak the truth. The problem that drives this work is: is it possible to interpret the Federal Constitution and the Law of Administrative lmprobity as tutors of an ethical duty to speak the truth extracted from the principie of the bona fides and how can the ethics of discussion contribute to this interpretation? The hypothesis is that yes, there is an incidence of the law of administrative improbity to the lying public agent. To confirm the hypothesis, it will be necessary to carry out three objectives, namely: to connect the ethics of the discussion with the fakes news; link this construction to the Public Administration's principie of good faith; finally, to justify the application of the law of administrative improbity to the agent who violates the duty in good faith by spreading fake news. The hypothetical deductive method will be used, since the hypothesis of applicability of the administrative improbity law will be tested argumentatively.

Nos situamos en un momento histórico necesitado de nuevas reflexiones que tengan por fin mantener viva la idea de permanencia de la Unión Europea. Una Europa que además de disfrutar de una común identidad cultural, rica en valores éticos y sociales, sea también una entidad económica y política que posibilite la prosperidad y bienestar de todos los ciudadanos que la integran. Para ello, contamos con la civilización del pueblo romano como antecedente y raíz común de los pueblos que hoy conforman Europa y que ya reconocían como parte de los territorios romanos los historiadores clásicos cuando nos muestran sus relatos sobre la defensa de sus fronteras No sólo la fuerza de las armas pudo hacer que Roma alcanzara y se consolidara como la primera potencia de la Antigüedad. El foedus fue uno de los instrumentos jurídicos básicos para evitar conflictos bélicos o bien concluirlos. De esta manera, Roma supo armonizar su Derecho con el de otros pueblos, surgiendo nuevas formas de pensar comunes entre gentes de culturas diferentes e instaurando los cimientos de los que hoy denominamos relaciones internacionales. Not only the force of arms could make that Rome reached and was established as the first power of antiquity. Foedus was one of the basic legal instruments to prevent conflicts or to conclude them. In this way, Rome was able to harmonize the right of other peoples, emerging new forms of thinking common among people of different cultures and by putting in place the foundations of which today we call international relations. El presente trabajo ha contado con el soporte del proyecto “Producción y adquisición de cerámicas finas en la Hispania altoimperial: sigilla hispaniae” (PID2019-105294GB-I00) / AEI / 10.13039/501100011033

Education, for the Society of Jesus, is at the service of the construction of the human being as a person, and cannot be dissociated from the pairing virtus et litterae, virtue and science, wisdom and knowledge. In line with Pedro Arrupe, Peter Hans-Kolvenbach, the 29th Superior General of the Society of Jesus, who dedicated a large part of his writings and reflections to education, states that a student who knows many things, who is educated, but does not have a good heart, and is not a good person – or vice versa – is not prepared to live with and for others. If that student is not educated, he will not be able to help others as he could; if that student is not a good person, that is, if he does not have a good heart, he will not want to help them or, at least, will not be able to do it effectively. The University must educate students who are able to speak to and about the world, who meet mankind’s real problems, who serve it with their research and scientific production. The Catholic University was created with a focus on the good of the human being as a whole and, therefore, it tries to educate students who live in accordance with the ideals that it promotes. The Universities of the Society of Jesus have shared this ideal since their inception. Kolvenbach demonstrates this with his reflections, which we echo in this work.

“Good faith”, as a legal concept, term, principle or rule of social governance, is usually used interchangeably with “bona fides”. It is generally believed that the most direct origin of good faith is Roman law, although its concept can be traced back to the initial period of human society. The so-called “good faith” means that the subject of law or the actor of law keep its commitments in a way that is loyal to its goal and carry out works in a sincere and effective way to achieve the goal.

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International audience; The scope of FIDES methodology is restricted to the prediction of reliability in a given use conditions. We are proposing to extend this scope to ALT (Accelerated Life Tests) design. This consists concretely of using reliability prediction standard to estimate the Accelerated Factors (AF) of an ALT.

International audience; Applying realistic Life Profiles (LP) is crucial in FIDES. To build these LP, we developed a methodology using field data recorded in printers logfiles. The results are then compared with the case when these LP are built by expertise.

In her influential monograph Roman Faith and Christian Faith: Pistis and Fides in the Early Roman Empire and Early Churches, Theresa Morgan has convincingly shown how closely the early Christian discourse on ‘faith’ was bound up with similar notions in the broader Greco-Roman world, particularly in relation to the system of patronage, with both humans and deities fulfilling the role of (trustworthy and trusted) patrons. Thus, she has shifted attention from πίστις/fides as a primarily ‘theological’ notion to an interpretation along more ‘social’ lines and situated it in realm of human and divine/human relations. She also analyses this in relation to the Gospel of Mark, showing how Mark also fits this general picture. This note builds on Morgan’s work and will further develop one aspect of Mark’s use of the language (and concept) of patronage and πίστις. This is its subversive character, which is present to a lesser extent in Morgan's work; by calling for πίστις directed to him on the part of the people that he encounters, Jesus also draws these people away from other allegiances and ‘πίστις commitments’, that is, intersubjective relationships based on trust and leading to personal allegiance.

Fault tree analysis is a commonly used technique to assess the reliability of critical systems. The method requires modeling the propagation path of basic events that may cause a feared event, and define their probabilities. In this paper, we present a model-based approach to construct fault tree from SysML models and to perform quantitative analysis of the tree using FIDES reliability prediction standard. We exemplify the approach on a power interface unit system.

Sister Marija Krucifiksa Kozulić (1852&ndash, 1922) was a Croatian nun who is in consideration for beatification by the Vatican, which is facilitated by the identification of her 20th-century remains. Sister Marija was buried in a tomb in Rijeka, Croatia, along with other nuns including her biological sister, Tereza Kozulić (1861&ndash, 1933). When the remains were exhumed in 2011, they were found in a deteriorated state and commingled with several other sets of remains. Thus, mitochondrial genome sequencing of the long bones was performed to sort the remains by mitochondrial haplotype. Two similar but unique haplotypes belonging to haplogroup H1bu were identified, and samples from these bones were subjected to autosomal short tandem repeat (STR) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sequencing. Although only partial profiles were obtained, the data were sufficient for kinship analysis with the profile of a paternal niece of Sister Marija (Fides Kozulić). The data indicate that it is 574,195-fold more likely that the two sets of skeletal remains represent 2nd-degree relatives of Fides than sisters who are unrelated to Fides. Although it is impossible to discern which set of remains belongs to Marija and which belongs to Tereza, forensic genomics methods have enabled identification of the sisters.

Chiron, Bd. 47 (2017), Bei Ausgrabungen in Side ist eine Stele ans Tageslicht gekommen, auf der ein Brief des Kaisers Gallienus an die Verfassungsorgane von Side aufgezeichnet ist. Die Titulatur des Kaisers, seine Rechtsetzung und die dazu gegebenen Erl��uterungen sind vollst��ndig erhalten; nur der Schluss des Briefes fehlt. Aufgrund der Nennung der kaiserlichen Titel und Amtsgewalten, insbesondere der tribunicia potestas, ist die Konstitution in das Jahr 267 n. Chr. zu datieren. Das kaiserliche Schreiben ist in einem stark stilisierten, nicht leicht verst��ndlichen Griechisch abgefasst, bei dem nicht zuletzt der nachdru��ckliche Wille zur Herausstellung der Teilhabe an griechischer �������������� sichtbar wird. Mit dem Brief reagiert der Kaiser anscheinend auf eine Petition der Sideten, die offenbar unter einem Mangel an Brotgetreide litten. Nachdem der Herrscher seine ��berraschung daru��ber ausgedru��ckt hat, dass es u��berhaupt zu einer solchen Notlage kommen konnte, hilft er der Stadt damit, dass er ihr die staatlichen Z��lle auf eingefu��hrten Weizen erl��sst, sofern er der Versorgung der sidetischen Bev��lkerung dient. Offensichtlich geht es bei dieser Abgabe um die Erlegung der quadragesima portuum Asiae, da Side und sein Territorium damals den su��d��stlichen Rand dieses Zollbezirks bildeten. Wenn die Stadt mit eigenem Aufwand Weizen in der Fremde einkaufte, entstu��nde ihr nunmehr aus dieser Konstitution ein nicht geringer Gewinn; wenn sie mit Getreideimporteuren einen Vertrag abschl��sse, so liefen Getreideschiffe Side gerne an, da die Belastung durch diesen Zoll weggefallen ist. Am Ende des Briefes kommt der Kaiser auf die fides der Stadt (gegenu��ber Rom) zu sprechen, deren sich Side auf seinen st��dtischen Mu��nzen titular ru��hmt. Es bleibt offen, ob Gallienus die Erw��hnung der fides mit einer Belobigung der Stadt oder einer Ermahnung, sie auch weiterhin zu wahren, verbindet. Bemerkenswert ist, dass dieses Zollprivileg ohne zeitliche Begrenzung, d. h. bis auf weiteres, gew��hrt wird, wenn auch nur fu��r Weizen, der fu��r den eigenen Gebrauch bestimmt ist. Es ist denkbar, dass wir solche Privilegien als erste Schritte auf die Abschaffung der Binnenz��lle hin verstehen du��rfen, die wahrscheinlich einige Jahrzehnte sp��ter unter Diokletian ihren Abschluss findet.

From the viral social media feeds showing Chief Justice Mogoeng Mogoeng in fervent prayer for the nation, to professed Christian Thuli Madonsela's careful expression of the separation between religion and state, faith identity in the public sphere emerges as anything but a straightforward matter. By placing 'Christian' in parenthesis, the 2019 theme of the Theological Society of South Africa conference acknowledged that leaders operate in negotiated spaces and confirmed the complexity of the context in which we attempt to conceptualise leadership from a theological perspective. This raises the question of the role that personal faith convictions play and may be allowed to play in public life. While conceptualising leadership from a faith perspective in a context that is at once secular(ising) and post-secular(ising) may be complex, evidence emerging from leadership studies of the importance of spirituality in leadership necessitates such a reflection. This article considers the problem from a theological point of view, drawing on Schleiermacher and Bonhoeffer's later letters from prison to provide a theological foundation for a public spirituality of leadership.

Arbitration agreements referring to non-existing arbitral institutions or including undefined references to arbitral institutions are significantly observed in international arbitration practice. Validity of such arbitration agreements becomes debatable due to the pathological intent thereof. If the pathology may be resolved by way of interpretation in the manner that leaves no room for doubt, the ideal solution is resolution of such problems by way of interpretation by means of supporting parties’ common intent towards arbitration and of protecting legitimate expectations of parties in compliance with bona fides principle. However, if interpretation of an undefined reference in an arbitration agreement leads to uncertainty about competence of certain arbitral institutions, such agreement aimed at institutional arbitration either may be accepted to be turned into an agreement aimed at ad hoc arbitration or may be held null-and-void, depending on position of law of seat of arbitration. If seat of arbitration is also undefined or non-existing, arbitration agreement shall be held incapable of being performed and null-and-void. Attitude of Turkish courts seems in conformity with the three approaches to a large extent and may be qualified as satisfactory but determining validity of such arbitration agreements without reference to any law applicable and disregarding the right of access to justice should be criticized.

This study searches to analyze the content of the Fides et Ratio Encyclical, in the twentieth year of its publication, emphasizing that, in the discussion about the being, is contained the own question of the truth, different from the fragmented vision of wisdom, typical of the contemporary society, which takes to skepticism, relativism and nihilism. It presents particularly the figure of Saint Thomas Aquinas, who has got the merit to put, in first place, the harmony that exists between the reason and the faith, in the appreciation of both which, dialoguing, can enrich themselves reciprocally . He recognized the importance to tell about an universal truth, objective and transcendent to the human intellect. Therefore, the thomasian philosophy is called of philosophy of being, and not of the mere appearing; and it avoids as much as the traditionalism and the rationalism.

In my contribution to the symposium on Teresa Morgan's Roman Faith and Christian Faith, I set the stage for three questions. First, in the Graeco-Roman view, when you put/maintain faith in someone, is the cognitive aspect of your faith compatible with scepticism about the relevant propositions? Second, did some of the New Testament authors think that one could put/maintain faith in God while being sceptical about the relevant propositions? Third, in her private writings, Saint Teresa of Calcutta described herself as living by faith and yet not believing; even so, by all appearances, she was an exemplar of faith in God. Would people during the period of your study tend to see her as an exemplar of faith in God?

South Sumatera is one of biggest city in Indonesia that has been developing in many kinds of infrastructures, not only in physical aspect but also in human resource aspect. One of trendsetter problems in that city are work status that are accustomed to having at professions like lecturers and teachers in South Sumatera generally and Palembang city specially. Many lecturers and teachers not only in state universities and state schools (like: elementary school, junior high school, and senior high school) but also in private universities and private schools have been having uncertain status that we can also say outsourcing lecturers and teachers since Indonesia Government decided a moratorium planning in recruiting candidates of public servants in Indonesia. It means, it will be big problems for lecturers and teachers in Indonesia (especially in South Sumatera), they will influence on public services (like: college students and students) even decrease potential human capital and other social problems because of lecturers’ and teachers’ uncertain status. Meanwhile in other countries (USA, England, Japan, New Zealand, Singapore, Germany, Korea, Philippine), outsourcing workers are a custom in those but it can not be implemented in South Sumatera because outsourcing workers in this city are not ready yet in their competencies, soft and hard skills, experiences, creative thoughts, internal motivations, independencies, and loyalty to the job. Besides that, there is custom in South Sumatera (Indonesia generally) that being an employee is a pride for themselves and their families even though the salaries are too low. This research had found two postulates to become novelties support motivation and commitment theoriesThe result of this research are there are strong influence of personal FIDES awareness on future-anxious commitment grades 0,98 (98%), strong influence of personal FIDES awareness on potential human capital grades 0,79 (79%), and strong influence of personal FIDES awareness on social problems anticipation grades 0,53 (53%). Personal FIDES awareness (PAFIDES) rises because of uncertain job status and job scarcity, and PAFIDES can not strongly and directly influence on social problems anticipation (SOCPRA) but it will be strongly if it indirectly influences on SOCPRA by using mediating variable called future-anxious commitment.

Faith is an important concept in early Christianity. But what did the word pistis (and its Latin equivalent fides) mean in the everyday language of Greeks and Romans? In her important study, Teresa Morgan rightly insists that we need to pay as much attention to the way words worked in the mentalité of the wider social world with which Christians were seeking to communicate as we do to the ways they are used in the New Testament. This article seeks to summarize Morgan’s understanding of pistis in the classical world and its impact on NT texts, focusing on the two major themes of pistis as relationship ( believing/trusting in) and pistis as propositional belief ( believing that).

To what degree does criminology demonstrate the genuine presence or lack of a paradigm (i.e. theoretical-methodological consensus) to help structure its research enterprise? There are trade-offs to consider when pressing the question, such as a potential drain on efficiency in its allocation of resources, limits on its scientific credibility, and weakened institutional strength resulting from conceptual dissensus. Alternatively, an interdisciplinary field may benefit from insights continually drawn from its various parent disciplines. The present research offers a reply in two parts. The first focus relies on a content analysis of 2,109 peer-reviewed articles published in leading journals from 1951-2008 in providing a positive analysis. There is mixed evidence of methodological agreement and less on the matter of commitment to a specific theory. The second inquiry draws from reactions delivered by 17 leading criminologists on the normative question of whether the field’s a-paradigmatic status helps or harms scientific advance. An analysis of the oral histories indicates an indifference to the criticism of lacking paradigmatic uniformity as a legitimate critique and a vehement defense of porous intellectual boundaries. However, pragmatic considerations such as the potential for a diminishing need to train criminal justice undergraduates and threats to government funding may force the profession to give more consideration to the matter of its scientific bone fides.

espanolA traves del analisis de las obras de Angelo Poliziano (1454-1494), este articulo se propone responder a dos preguntas: ?Pueden las recreaciones ficcionales de lo real contribuir a la creacion de argumentos racionales? Y, de ser asi, ?hasta que punto? A fin de contestarlas, presentare la contribucion de Poliziano en este debate enmarcandola en una cultura de mediacion verbal y visual que es caracteristica dentro de la filosofia del Renacimiento. En un lugar y en un tiempo (la Florencia del Quattrocento), donde la filosofia se abria a formas de experimentacion que implicaban palabras e imagenes, Poliziano se interesaba en defender el legado de la poesia, la retorica y la historia dentro una tradicion especulativa filosofica preocupada en la capacidad de la ficcion para con-formar argumentos y proporcionar herramientas que favorecieran el examen analitico. Desde un punto de vista interpretativo, una de las lineas rectoras de mi analisis coin-cide con aquello que la filosofia contemporanea denomina «imaginacion moral», esto es, la idea de que la imaginacion tiene capacidad de trascender las limitaciones del deseo individual y crear condiciones necesarias para una implicacion mas profunda con lo real. Se trata de una forma de abstraccion moral que permite que valores e ideales devengan en suficientemente generales para ser compartidos por comunidades (sincronicamente) y heredados a traves de la tradicion (diacronicamente). Demostra-re como, desde el punto de vista de Poliziano, la ficcion —entendida aqui como el elemento narrativo que refuerza un argumento racional—, expande el alcance de lo imaginado posible al tiempo que reconoce las multiples restricciones de la historia (res) y la persuasion (fides) en el dominio de la filosofia. EnglishBy concentrating on the work of Angelo Poliziano (1454–1494), this article explores the questions about whether and to what extent fictional accounts of reality may contribute to the crafting of rational arguments. I will present Poliziano’s contribution to this debate as deeply embedded in a culture of verbal and visual mediation, as was characteristic of Renaissance philosophy. At a time and in a place (fifteenth-century Florence) where philosophy was open to forms of experimentation involving words and images, Poliziano was keen to defend the legacy of poetry, rhetoric and history within the tradition of philosophical inquiries, and more specifically, the role of fiction in shaping arguments and tools of analytical scrutiny. From an interpretative point of view, one of the guiding lines in my analysis will be the category known in contemporary philosophy as moral imagination, that is, the idea that the imagination has the ability to transcend the limitations of individual desire and create the conditions for a broader engagement with reality. It is a type of moral abstraction that allows ideals and values to become sufficiently general to be shared by communities (synchronically) and handed down by traditions (diachronically). It will be apparent how in Poliziano’s account fiction, understood as the narrative element invigorating rational argument, expands the scope of imaginable possibilities while acknowledging the role played by the many constraints of history (res) and persuasion (fides).