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In the late period after cranio-skeletal trauma, the stimulation of reparative processes in organs and systems of the body is very important. In these circumstances, the effectiveness of phyto-medicines was not insufficiently studied. Phytho-pharmaceuticals include a number of natural biologically active substances capable of overcoming the mechanisms of damage and stimulating reparative processes. The absence of side effects and the background of high biological activity makes them a promising tool for correction of various pathological disorders and processes. The purpose of this work is to find out the histological changes of the kidneys, liver and lungs which appears in laboratory animals after modeling of cranio-skeletal trauma and correction of these changes by phytomixture. In experiments was used 99 non-linear white rats, 180-200 grams weight, which were on a standard vivarium diet. All animals were divided into three groups: control and two experimental. In both experimental groups (46 animals), under the conditions of thiopental-sodium anesthesia (40 mg per 1 kg body weight intraperitoneally), a moderate severity of closed craniocerebral trauma was modeled and caused a closed fracture of the femoral bones. The control group included 7 intact animals. After 14 days of post-traumatic period, for the first experimental group, the phytochemicals, which included Arnica montana, Elytrigia repens, Calendula officinalis, Urtica dioica and folium Betulae were used. The infusion was prepared at 1:10 and administered once a day to the experimental animals through the probe into the stomach at a dose of 10 ml per kilogram of animal mass daily from day 14 to day 35 of the experiment. In the second experimental group, an equivalent volume of physiological solution was intra gastrically injected during observation periods. The surviving animals, in conditions of thiopental-sodium anesthesia (80 mg per 1 kg of body weight intraperitoneally), after 14, 21, 28 and 35 days after trauma were taken out from the experiment by the method of total blood-flow from the heart. The erythrocyte index of intoxication (EII) and the content of fractions of medium weight molecules at 254 and 280 nm (MSM254, MSM280) were determined. In terms of cranio-skeletal injuries modeling during the late traumatic disease manifestations a significant increase of the level of endogenous intoxication was observed. It was manifested by increase of erythrocyte index value intoxication (EI) and content fractions average molecular weight (MSM) in the blood serum. The level of EI was significantly greater than control in all periods of observation with a moderate decline after 35 days. The characteristic feature of the dynamics of content MSM serum fractions is their high level after 14 days with normalization after 28 days and re-growth after 35 days. After applying phytomixture a significant decrease in endotoxemia was observed. Value of EI reaches the level of control after 35 days, and fractions MSM - starting from 28 days. Thus, after 21 days of the experiment in the stromal components of the kidneys, liver and lungs uneven blood supply mainly the venous channel was visualized. It was combined with moderate swelling of interstitium and the formation of focal polymorphic-cell infiltrates. In epitheliocytes there was mainly protein degeneration. The use of the herbal extract reduced perivascular edema and polymorphocyte infiltration of interalveolar lobes in the lungs, the development of the degeneration of the epithelium of the excretory renal tubule and hepatocytes. The appearance of dual-core cells showed an increase in regenerative activity in the liver and in the kidneys. There were discovered that simulated trauma is accompanied by dystrophic-necrotic disorders of the liver, kidney and lung tissues, which decrease until 35 days of the experiment, with the appearance of marked signs of regeneration. After the phytomixture using the signs of tissue recovery were more pronounced, especially after 35 days after injury.

The development of endogenous intoxication was studied using an experimental model to predict the course of obstructive uropathy. To this end, one control and three experimentalgroups of animals were formed, in which blood was drawn from the marginal ear vein on the 3rd, 7th, 14th and 21st days of the experiment. The following parameters were determined in blood serum: urea, creatinine, total protein, and albumin. The level of endogenous intoxication was assessed by the indicators of medium-mass molecules, circulating immune complexes, and malondialdehyde. Statistical analysis of blood biochemicalparameters and markers of endogenous intoxication confirms that these indicators are suitable as markers of the severity of the pathological process and morphofunctional changes in the tissue of the obstructed and compensatory organs. Our findings point to overstress of adaptation mechanisms, the development of oxidative stress, and reveal a high level of endogenous intoxication, resulting in structural and metabolic changesboth in the affected and in the contralateral kidney.

Prevention and treatment of multi-organ failure after complicated surgeries on heart and major vessels remain to be crucial.The objective: to evaluate the potential use and efficiency of high-volume plasmapheresis for prevention and early therapy of multiple organ failure syndrome.Methods: high-volume plasmapheresis was used in 246 patients with the most disseminated complications of the peri-operative period. Plasmapheresis was done during the first 4–6 hours after surgery (157 patients) and in 6–12 hours after surgery (41 patients) and later than 12 hours (48 patients).Results. After complicated surgeries with in vitro hemoperfusion, the activation of system inflammatory response and endotoxicosis was more intensive versus patients with no complications. Plasmapheresis in 4–6 hours after surgery promoted metabolic normalization and in the majority of cases prevented of multiple organ failure (if at least 50% of circulating plasma was removed). After early plasmapheresis, the level of markers of system inflammatory response and endotoxicosis reduced by 28–30%, which allowed preventing serious renal disorders and cytolysis manifestations.Conclusion: Post-operative high-volume plasmapheresis performed in 4–6 hours after complicated cardiac surgeries is effective for prevention of multiple organ failure syndrome in 64% of cases.

Endogenous intoxication as a typical pathological process has always been one of the key issues in all areas of medicine, especially in intensive care. Accumulation of endogenous toxic substances is an integral component of any critical condition. It accompanies severe trauma, generalized infections and destructive diseases of the cavity organs. The loss of the function of detoxification systems in multi-organ failure causes the progression of endotoxicosis and the disruption of oxygen transport (in the organs of detoxification as well), hence closing the vicious cycle of thanatogenesis.Endogenous intoxication is a multidisciplinary problem being a matter of interest in different areas of modern medical science, experimental pathophysiology and biomedical technology. As a result new effective methods of efferent treatments of critical conditions are introduced into clinical practice. For many years theoretical and applied issues aimed at solving the problem of endotoxicosis have been the focus of studies in the V. A. Negovsky Research Institute of General Reanimatology of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences (now the Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology). In the presented review we have tried to generalize the main results of the Institute's activities in this direction.

The study outcomes of dynamic parameters for the pro- and anitoxidant status and the cytokine profile in piglets under the stress caused by weaning them from sows for their transfer to growing-fattening facilities under conditions of an industrial-sized pig farm are reported. It has been ascertained that the technological stress affecting the animals is followed by increasing the contents of malondialdehyde and medium molecular-weight peptides, the endogenous intoxication, and the level of proinflammatory cytokines on days 3–10 after the stress effect. Increasing the antioxidant-defense enzyme activity and the levels of stable nitric-oxide metabolites and IL-4 and IL-10 anti-inflammatory cytokines contributed to normalizing the body's metabolic processes and decreasing the contents of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IFN-γ anti-inflammatory cytokines. The dynamics of variations in the pro- and anitoxidant status and the cytokine profile can indicate their interdependence under the oxidative stress associated with the events of weaning and transferring them to growing-fattening facilities. The process of adaptation to the new conditions was usually completed on the 20th day after the stress effect. In addition, most analyzed parameters were restored to the preweaning levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Introduction: Accumulation of excessive amounts of exo- and endotoxins in the body leads to the inevitable occurrence endogenous intoxication. This status is accompanied by a different type of inflammatory processes in the tissues. Middle mass molecules are products of catabolism of endo- and exogenous proteins. Separate fractions of middle molecular peptides have neurotoxic activity, change the membranes permeability, disturb the sodium-potassium balance, transport amino acids, creatinine excretion, protein biosynthesis, tissue respiration, cause microcirculation disorders, and have cytotoxic activity. Transaminases are enzymes that catalyze biochemical reactions progress. Aminotransferases influence on reaction of the formation and decomposition of amino acids and carbohydrates. The aim of the study: The aim of our work was to study endogenous intoxication and status of plasmatic membranes in animals with type 2 diabetes mellitus and acetaminophen toxic lesions. Research materials and methods: We conducted two series of experiments. In the first series toxic lesion was caused by a single intragastric administration of acetaminophen suspension in 2 % starch solution to animals in a dose of 1250 mg/kg (1/2 LD50). In the second series the suspension of acetaminophen in 2 % starch solution in a dose of 55 mg/kg was given. Non-genetic form of experimental type 2 diabetes mellitus was modeled by a single intraperitoneal administration of streptozotocin solution in doses 65 mg/kg, which was diluted by citrate buffer (pH 4.5) with the previous intraperitoneal nicotinamide administration in doses of 230 mg/kg. Rats, which were given the same amount of solvent (citrate buffer pH 4.5), were used as the control group. Results and discussion: Content of middle mass molecules and erythrocyte intoxication index were determined for research of endogenous intoxication status of rats with type 2 diabetes at single administration of acetaminophen. The experimental results show, that all investigated parameters changes compared with intact animals after acetaminophen administration to animals with type 2 diabetes. Aminotransferases are the main enzymes of protein metabolism and combine carbohydrate metabolism. The high levels of these enzymes in the blood are signal of liver tissues damages. The destruction and death of cells in this organ is accompanied by the release of enzymes in the blood. Conclusion: After analyzing of the obtained results, it can be argued that acetaminophen changes of endogenous intoxication indices and status of plasmatic membranes in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Among pollutants a significant threat is posed by heavy metals, nitrate fertilizers and industrial waste. However, people also contribute to this threat through bad habits such as smoking and alcohol. All these factors affect health and can cause death. The aim of this study was to investigate the content of reactive oxygen species, markers of cytolysis of hepatocytes, cardoza and the degree of endogenous intoxication in the organism of rats affected by nitrite of sodium on the background of tobacco intoxication. The experiments were carried out on white rats, which were divided into three age categories: immature, mature and old, who for 30 days were exposed to tobacco smoke. The research animals were divided into three groups. One of them for 24 hours before the end of the experiment was given sodium nitrite, the second group was given sodium nitrite 72 hours before the end of the experiment. 30 days after poisoning we tested the contents of reactive oxygen species in neutrophils, cytolysis of erythrocyte membrane was investigated by erythrocytic index of intoxication, hepatocytes and cardiocytes – aminotransferase activity. The degree of endogenous intoxication was evaluated by the content of average weight molecules in blood serum. Poisoning of rats with sodium nitrite on the background of the 30 day intoxication by tobacco smoke led to a significant formation of ROS in neutrophils of rats of different age groups. We investigated the activity of aminotransferases in the blood serum and the above organs of rats after exposing them to sodium nitrite and 30 day tobacco smoke. In the blood serum of adult and aged rats, the activity of alanine aminotransferase increased in these conditions by 2.1 and 1.6 times, respectively. Sodium nitrite, which was an additional factor in the intoxication of the rats of all age groups by smoke, caused more pronounced changes in the activity of the studied enzyme in the blood serum. In the liver and myocardium of rats of different ages a reliable decrease of this index was observed in all experimental groups. There was a significant increase in the serum of rats at different ages of aspartate aminotransferase activity. Aspartate aminotransferase activity in the myocardium of all experimental animals showed a reduction by 1.2–1.3 times after smoke inhalation and 1.5–1.6 times with simultaneous intoxication of the rats by sodium nitrite and tobacco smoke. Sodium nitrite, as an additional toxin raised the penetration capacity of erythrocytes among rats poisoned with smoke.By the end of the experiment, the erythrocyte index of intoxication increased in all age groups: immature rats by 31.7%, mature – by 36.0%, in old rats – by 23.6%. The next step of our research was to investigate the markers of endogenous intoxication – average molecular weight. After the simultaneous intoxication of rats by sodium nitrate and tobacco smoke, at the end of the experiment the content of average weight molecules was λ = 254 and of average mass λ=280 inthe blood serum of rats of all age groups increased by 3.1–3.3 times compared with the intact control group. Immature rats proved most sensitive to the action of sodium nitrite and tobacco.

The study evaluated the efficacy of reamberin in complex treatment of patients with acute small bowel obstruction. Methods. The research is based on the results of complex examination of 202 patients with acute small bowel obstruction (ASBO). The patients were hospitalized in Ivano-Frankovsk central municipal clinical hospital at the period from 2009 to 2015. The patients were divided into two groups according to the method of treatment. The complex treatment using common method was applied for the first group of 100 patients with ASBO. The complex treatment using common method and reamberin intravenously (800 ml/day) during 7 days was applied for the second group of 102 patients. Results. The application of reamberin reduced a lot of indices such as leukocytic intoxication, intoxication index, level of middle mass molecule, formation of malonic dialdehyde. The drug stimulated antioxidant system and normalized organ-specific liver enzymes. Conclusions. The application of reamberin is pathogenetically validated in cases of ASBO.

The study analyzed the course of gangrene Fournier and applied methods of treatment. The author presented 25-year experience of treatment of 15 patients with gangrene Fournier. The article showed biochemical indices of the patients, surgical procedures and methods of intensive infusion therapy. There was noted, that the necrosis area had a prevailing value among lesion sizes of necrotic process. An intensity of endotoxemia was essential. Thus, the presence of failure of more than three systems of internal organs was an unfavorable sign of disease outcome.

Aim. To study the L-carnitine and L-glutathione influence on the clinical course of chronic pancreatitis (CP) in patients with obesity. Materials and methods. Three representative groups of patients were formed to determine the effectiveness of treatment. The average age of patients was (41.7±4.2) years. The common control group included 30 practically healthy persons (PHP) of the corresponding age and gender. The control group (group 1 (K), 25 persons), the basic group 2 (group 2 (A), 30 persons), the basic group 3 (group 3 (B) 25 persons). Results. After applying the proposed therapy in CP patients (group b) in the course of the disease compared with the group K showed an improvement of health, reduction of asthenic-vegetative, intoxication, and dyspepsia syndromes signs. After 2 weeks of therapy asthenic-vegetative syndrome was absent. Analysis of indicators in 3 months after treatment indicated that patients of the 2nd and the 3rd were achieved stable remission of CP, as no patient visited doctors for medical aid again. But, in 3 months after treatment 2 patients of the K group (10%) were admitted again, 5 patients (25%) sought medical help repeatedly concerning exacerbation of CP symptoms to the gastroenterologists. The result of the complex therapy with L-glutathione and L-carnitine addition positive effect on the IR syndrome is defined in our study a significant decrease of body mass index in patients of the 2nd and the 3rd groups during a 60 days period respectively: 7.5% and 8.1% (p

The syndrome of endogenous intoxication, which accompanies pathological processes, is caused by many mechanisms. Erythrocyte index of intoxication (EII) is one of the markers of endogenous intoxication. Medium Molecules (MSM) are products of catabolis m of endo- and exogenous proteins. The aim. of the study was to investigate the effect of L-arginine on the level of endogenous intoxication that occurs in the blood of white rats under the influence of acute immobilization stress and adrenal damage to the myocardium. Material and methods. The experiments were carried out on white male rats of the Vistar line weighing 180-200 g, which were divided into 3 groups of 10 animals (two experimental and one control). MSM254 MSM280 and EII in blood was determined. Results. The level of MSM254 increased by 1,3 times (p

Aim: to investigate the intensity of proteins and lipids peroxidation, the state of the antioxidant system and biochemical indices of endogenous intoxication in patients with snoring. Materials and methods: Blood serum of 20 patients with snoring and 19 healthy persons without any manifestation of respiratory complications at sleeping were studied. All patients were divided into two groups. Group I included 10 patients with moderate manifestation of snoring, and group II with the hard one. Results: An increase of the proteins' oxidative modifications in patients with snoring without obstructive apnea at sleep were moderate and severe, that is reflected by an increase of the levels of neutral- and basiccharacter aldehyde-dinitrophenyl-hydrazones and basic-character ketone-dinitrophenyl-hydrazones has been established. The level of thiobarbiturate-positive products in patients with the moderate degree of snoring was in the value of control group. At progression of this pathology this index increased, too in compare to control group. The level of catalase activity in patients of both group was increased where as the content of free thiol groups was decreased. The content of medium weight molecules in patients of both groups was on the level of control, but at progressing of the disease it increased. The content of tyrosine-containing peptides was increased in the serum of patients in both groups. Our data prove for the intensification of the proteins' and lipids' peroxidation, for the changes in antioxidant system and for the development of endogenous intoxication in patients with severe level of snoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Endogenous intoxication indices in late-pregnancy cows have been analyzed. The possibility for the use of these indices as predictors of bronchopulmonary pathology in the newborn calves has been identified. Overall, 29 Red-and-White Holstein cows checked on day 239–262 of gestation and 29 newborn calves were examined. Bronchitis occurred in all the calves within the first month of their life. In addition, it developed into pneumonia in seven newborn calves. The markers of endogenous intoxication in cows were analyzed. The total and effective albumin concentrations, the concentration of medium molecular weight peptides (MMWP) in the blood serum, the leucocyte intoxication index (LII) by the Kalf-Kalif formula, the toxicity index (TI), and the intoxication coefficient (IC) were determined. The MMWP level in the cows with calves unaffected by pneumonia comprised 0.408 ± 0.152 c.u. The cows with calves affected by pneumonia showed a higher MMWP content (0.615 ± 0.197 c.u., p < 0.05). A correlation between the MMWP concentration and the predicted probability of pneumonia was revealed (rs = 0.536, p < 0.005). The leucocyte intoxication index by the Kalf-Kalif formula and the toxicity index in the cows of both groups significantly varied. However, no reliable difference between the groups was revealed. The intoxication coefficient in the cows with calves affected by pneumonia was 26.5 ± 8.4, while a statistically reliable (p < 0.05) high IC value was recorded in cows that had offspring affected by uncomplicated bronchitis (IC = 17.2 ± 6.8). A correlation between the IC value in cows and the incidence of pneumonia in their offspring was revealed (rs = 0.568, p < 0.001). The MMWP concentration in blood serum of the pregnant cows may serve as a predictor of pneumonia in the newborn calves (AUC = 0.782, susceptibility – 85.71%, specificity – 81.82%, and critical value > 0.547 in conventional units). The diagnostic value of the IC predictor is rated as very good (AUC = 0.812, susceptibility – 71.43%, specificity – 86.36%, and critical value > 22.5 in conventional units). The concentration of medium molecular weight peptides and the intoxication concentration in cows in the period of gestation can allow us to make predictions for bronchopulmonary pathology development with high predictive accuracy in their offspring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of traditional infusion-transfusion therapy is not always able to fully restore the body and prevent the development of irreversible changes in hemolytic anemia. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the new infusion drug "Reomannisol" in experimental hemolytic anemia. The model of hemolytic anemia was reproduced on 60 rats. Infusion drug "Reomannisol" and comparison drug "Reosorbilact" were administered in a dose of 10 ml/kg of animal weight the next day after the administration of phenylhydrazine for 5 days. The studies were performed in 1 - 2 - 5 days after the drug administration. Demonstrated decrease of endogenous intoxication markers when using "Reomannissol" indicated its efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Nowadays, more than 2500 additives are intentionally added to food in order to keep certain properties or to extend shelf life. One of the most common food additives in Ukraine and in Europe is monosodium glutamate. Potentially negative health effects of monosodium glutamate prompt us to question safety of its wide-spread use. Objectives. In this study we defined the effect of monosodium glutamate (E 621) on the main markers of endogenous intoxication in rats. Materials and Methods. Experimental studies were conducted on 72 nonlinear male white rats weighing 150-180 g. The experimental animals were administered monosodium glutamate at a dose of 30 mg/kg body weight (corresponds dose 2 g per day in humans) for 7, 14 and 30 days. The control group of animals was given normal saline. Syndrome of endogenous intoxication was evaluated using measurements of low, medium, and high molecular weight substances in blood plasma, red blood cell suspension, and urine. Results. Our results indicated a shift of the markers of intoxication syndrome towards mainly catabolic substances. The results obtained after one week of the experiment correspond with phase of partial compensation, characterized by increased concentrations of low and middle molecular weight substances in red blood cells and plasma. After two weeks and up to one month of the experiment, the predominantly catabolic markers of endogenous intoxication continue to increase in erythrocytes and plasma, indicating a shift to the phase of partial decompensation to systems and organs of detoxification. Conclusion. The administration of monosodium glutamate at a dose of 30 mg/kg body weight was associated with development of excessive contents of low and middle molecular weight substances with reduced ability of kidneys to excrete toxic products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Gastroenterologia (2308-2097) is the property of Zaslavsky O.Yu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background and aims: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a significant public health issue, being one of the major contributors to morbidity and mortality in the modern societies. Chronic hyperglycemia produces significant physiological, biochemical, and histological changes in the affected organisms. This study aims to evaluate the markers of endogenous intoxication in rats with diabetes mellitus combined with carrageenan-induced enterocolitis. Materials and methods: Diabetes mellitus was induced by a single intraperitoneal administration of streptozotocin (Sigma Aldrich, USA, at a dose of 60 mg/kg body weight). Carrageenan-induced enterocolitis was modeled by giving the animals free access to 1.0 % solution of carrageenan in drinking water for 1 month. The syndrome of endogenous intoxication was assessed by quantification of low and medium molecular weight substances in blood plasma, red blood cell suspension and urine using extraction-spectrophotometric method. Results: The increase in endogenous intoxication in streptozotocin-induced diabetes combined with chronic enterocolitis can mainly be attributed to the catabolic pool of blood plasma substances of low and medium molecular weight. The index of distribution of low- and medium-molecular-weight substances between blood plasma proteins and glycocalyx of erythrocytes in the experimental groups increased simultaneously with the quantities of investigated fractions in the erythrocyte suspension measured at the wavelengths of 242, 254 and 280 nm. Conclusions: We observed upsurge of endogenous intoxication markers in the rats with diabetes mellitus. Endotoxicosis became even more evident in the rats with diabetes mellitus combined with carrageenan-induced enterocolitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In modern conditions of livestock-keeping and animal husbandry obstetric pathology is an important problem on many dairy operations that can have substantial effects on cow reproductive performance and productivity which emphasizes the need for working out of new means and schemes for prevention and studies to clarify their impacts on immune and biochemical homeostasis of animals. The objective of the present researches was to found out whether organic acid composition can influence blood indices characterizing the endogenous intoxication (EI) intensity and postpartum morbidity in cows. Study was conducted in conditions of a dairy farm typical of the Nizhny Novgorod region on two groups of Black-and-white Holstein dairy cows (body weight (BW) 500-550 kg, average milk yield 5300 kg). As a result of conducted researches it is established that the composition preparation BioFAYAL containing fumaric, ascorbic, succinic and citric acids when administrated to cows orally daily 65 days before and 10 days after calving in dose 10 mg per kg BW led to more physiological dynamics and stabilization of markers characterizing the EI intensity resulted in statistically significant reduction of high incidence of pre- and postpartum diseases by 44,1% (placental retention by 22,5%, endometritis by 31,2%). 10-14 days after calving decrease of the level of substances of low and medium molecular mass (SLMMM) on erythrocytes by 8,8% (р≤0,01), beta-hydroxybutirat by 38,6% (р≤0,05) and sorption capacity of erythrocytes by 5,1% was estimated in cows treated with the composition of organic acids when compared with intact animals.

Introduction. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) — severe autoimmune disease that has a high level of morbidity and mortality. With each decade the SLE incidence rate grows up. Current researches do not allow to identify the etiology of this disease. The polyclonal stimulation of T and B lymphocytes processes are prevailed in pathogenetic picture of the disease. One of the most powerful triggers of stimulation may be a gram-negative bacteria lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or endotoxin (ET). The impact activity is regulated by a specific humoral and cellular antiendotoxin immune response.Materials and methods. The study group involved 48 patients with SLE, the control group consisted of 40 healthy donors. The material of the study was the venous blood. The following indicators have been identified: the levels of specific anti-endotoxin antibodies (antiLPS IgA, IgM and IgG), by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); concentration of total immunoglobulins IgA, IgM and IgG — microturbidimethric method; the concentration of C-reactive protein (CRP) — ELISA; endogenous intoxication (EI) — a method of determining the average molecular weight for the absorption in the ultraviolet spectrum; circulating immune complexes (CIC) — the method of precipitation in polyethylene glycol. Statistical processing was performed using Microsoft Office Excel 2007 software and MedStat®.Results. The study showed a statistically significant increase in anti-LPSIgG SLE patients by 2.5 times compared with the control group. A slight increase in total IgG by 5%. Endogenous intoxication index in SLE patients was higher by 13.9%, CIC by 150%. The level of CRP in the study group was 6.8 times higher compared with the control. There were also identified the inverse correlation between anti-LPS-IgG and CRP, the inverse correlation between anti-LPS-IgG and EI, direct correlation between anti-LPS-IgA and the age of patients.Discussion. These results indicate the presence of dysfunction in the antiendotoxin immune response (AEIR) in SLE patients, namely increasing concentrations of specific anti-LPS-Ig. Identified growth of indicators of systemic inflammation correlated with indicators of AEIR, that confirms their mutual influence, which contributes to the lesion of organ-targets and can aggravate the manifestation and course of SLE. Normalization of AEIR, elimination of LPS may be a new way of treatment for SLE patients

Background. Due to the significant infectious complications mortality, the search for prognostic biochemical markers of sepsis development in critically ill patients is relevant.Material and methods. The study involved 57 patients; in 40 cases sepsis developed. The control group included 17 patients where sepsis did not develop. The study was performed on day 1–2, 5–7 and 10–12 after admission. The intensity of oxidative stress was assessed by the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant activity of blood serum (TAA). The endogenous intoxication was assessed by the concentration of medium molecular weight peptides (MMWPs), total and effective albumin concentration (TAC, EAC) in serum. The disturbance of endogenous vascular regulation was assessed by the level of stable metabolites of nitric oxide (NOx) in serum and the concentration of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE).Results. It has been found that MDA may be a prognostic index of poor outcome on day 5–7 after admission (relative risk (RR)=1.141, confidence interval (CI) 95% (1.033; 1.259), р=0.09); NOx level may be a predictor of a poor outcome on day 1–2 (RR=1.026, CI 95% (0.999; 1.055), р=0.064), as well as on day 10–12 (RR=1.012, CI 95% (1.000; 1.023), р=0.098) together with ACE concentration (RR=1.034, CI 95% (1.007; 1.062), р=0.015); MMWP254 level (RR=11.195, CI 95% (1.571; 79.771), р=0.016) and MMWP280 level (RR=17.370, CI 95% (1.568; 192.455), р=0.02) are significant predictors of a poor outcome on day 1–2 and 5–7 as well (MMWP254 — RR=4626.791, CI 95% (7.903; 27808.629), р=0.009 and MMWP280 — RR=1331.590, CI 95% (5.006; 354179.342), р=0.012).Conclusion. We identified prognostically significant signs of unfavorable outcomes of septic process: decrease in NOx; growth of ACE concentration; increase in MDA and decrease in TAA; increase in MMWPs; decrease in TAC and EAC.

This article presents the results of dynamic changes in biochemical parameters in blood and liver of laboratory animals in modeling of partial vascular isolation of liver using a Pringle-maneuver. Indicators of cytolytic syndrome, prooxidantantioxidant and detoxification system function was studied. Research found evidence of a gradual increase of cytolysis of hepatocytes, intensity of free radical processes, endogenous intoxication, which accompanied of compensatory systems activation by the first 10-15 minutes, and being depleted to 20 minutes of ischemia. These data reveal prospects of metabolic correction of possible complications intraoperative clamping hepatoduodenal bunch by means of antioxidant orientation. Received data may be useful in the formation of concepts about the reasonable time limits of liver vascular isolation.

BACKGROUND. Endogenous intoxication (EI), following acute poisoning, aggravates the disease course, increases the risk of complications and death, as well as the scope and duration of therapeutic measures. That is why, prevention and correction of EI in acute poisoning with psychopharmacological drugs (PPD) as well is relevant.MATERIAL AND METHODS. In 115 patients with PPD poisoning, intestinal lavage (IL) was performed, 50 patients were control group. EI was evaluated by the level of medium molecular weight peptides (MMWP) and lipopolysaccharides (LS) in serum, albumin tests, leukocyte index of intoxication (LII) and shear index of neutrophils (SIN). The level of MMWP in blood and intestinal lavage fluid (intestinate) in 23 patients and 22 healthy donors was measured.RESULTS. Initial level of WWMP in the blood of patients exceeded the norm by 32%, LS — by 10 times, LII — by 6.3 times and SIN — by 2.4 times. At the beginning of the gastrointestinal lavage, the intestinate’s MMWP in patients and donors exceed their values in the blood. At the end of the IL it fell by 3– 6 times. This was accompanied by a fall of MMWP in blood of patients by 18.2%, LS — 50%, and LII and SIN by 52% and 70% respectively. In the comparison group LII and SIN continued to grow during the 1st day.CONCLUSION. In patients with uncomplicated poisoning with PPD the source of endotoxemia was the intestines. The IL promotes the elimination of endogenous toxins and the reduction of EI.

The aim of the study was to determine the content of the molecules of middle mass before and after a simulated «diving» in the blood plasma of subjects who had different initial resistance to decompression sickness, toxic effect of nitrogen and oxygen. An increase in the concentration of the middle mass molecules was revealed after a simulated dive in a pressure chamber in the blood plasma of subjects who were unstable to the adverse effects of hyperbaric factors. The changes discovered are the most prominent in the development of decompression gas-generation and toxic effect of oxygen. Unidirectional action of unfavorable hyperbaric factors was shown to induce human endogenous intoxication with possible development of the syndrome of «hyperbaric intoxication».

Introduction. Tuberculosis (TB) belongs to interleukin-dependent immunodeficiencies with pronounced changes in cytokine system. Despite significant progress achieved in TB control, the role of some cytokines in the development of its resistant forms remains unclear; the issues of identification of integrated markers of progression of the pathological process in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) is unsolved; as well as no prognostic determination was made in terms of their role in ensuring the effectiveness of standard programs for tuberculosis chemotherapy. In view of the above, it is necessary to analyze indicators of certain cytokines in the blood serum of patients with MDR TB, depending on the resistance profile, which may reflect the severity of local and systemic nature of the specific inflammation, features of immuno-cytokine regulation in order to improve treatment programs. TB belongs to diseases that are accompanied by endogenous intoxication, i.e. accumulation in the body of end and intermediate products of metabolism in metabolism impaired due to inflammatory response. Pathways of endogenous intoxication development in TB are cytotoxic hypoxia, violation of intracellular homeostasis, massive generation and further resorption of tissue decay products, immuno-cytokine and hormonal imbalance, etc. The objective of this study — to estimate the parameters of endogenous intoxication, to determine the features of cytokine regulation in patients with multidrug resistant pulmonary tuberculosis depending on the resistance profile of mycobacteria and to define their role in the development of systemic inflammatory response. Materials and methods. The study included 116 patients with newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis and preserved sensitivity to antimycobacterials; with MDR TB and diagnosed resistant to at least two first-line agents; tuberculosis patients with enhanced resistance. Clinical, radiological, biochemical, microscopic, microbiological, immune-enzymatic and statistical study methods were used. Results. Pearson correlation analysis between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines showed that in patients with MDR TB there is a weak negative correlation between the levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10, IL-18 and IL-10 (–0.22, p < 0,001; –0.16, p

BACKGROUND. Severe burns are accompanied by the development of endogenous intoxication syndrome. Endogenous intoxication syndrome (EIS) is thus specified as a complex of severe clinical aspects with detoxification systems failure — in other words, the syndrome of multi-organ failure (MOFS) or inefficiency, depending on severity of EIS (compensation, subcompensation, decompensation) [1, 2].PURPOSE. To improve the results of EIS and MOFS treatment in the patients with severe burns by including into medication succinic acid-based anti-oxidants combined with hepatoprotectors of the ademetionine group.MATERIAL AND METHODS. We carried out analysis of complex examination and treatment of 108 patients aged 18–50 with severe thermal injury, total burn area (S) ≥40%, and severity index ≥90.RESULTS. The use of succinic acid-based anti-oxidants within the framework of antishock and disintoxication therapy, later combined with hepatoprotectors of the ademetionine group, decreases the intensity of endogenous intoxication and multi-organ failure syndrome.CONCLUSION. To treat endotoxemia and multiple organ dysfunction caused by oxidative stress and hypoxia in patients with severe and extremely severe burns, it is appropriate to prescribe succinic acid-based anti-oxidants. To prevent albumen synthesis and detoxication hepar dysfunctions, decrease the manifestations of endotoxemia, and complement the cytoprotective action of succinic acid-based antioxidants, it is appropriate to prescribe hepatoprotectors.

RELEVANCE. Sepsis is always accompanied by endogenous intoxication (EI). It is very important to study EI in the patients with severe sepsis and septic shock.MATERIAL AND METHODS. Twenty seven patients with severe sepsis and thirteen with septic shock in the postoperative period were enrolled into the study. EI was assessed using the measurements of total and effective albumin concentrations (EAC), middle-molecular-weight proteins (MMWP) and EI index (Kei=MMWP/ EAC)x1000.RESULTS. The use of the EI index in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock leads to improvement of diagnostic and therapy monitoring.

The purpose of the research was to assess the endogenous intoxication degree and reactivity condition of an organism by calculation the blood leukocyte indexes and their influence assessment for the outcome of first time diagnosed infiltrative lung tuberculosis for the revealed socially safe patients. Case-records of 260 patients were analysed retrospectively. Inclusion criteria were: first time diagnosed and confirmed diagnosis of infiltrative lungs tuberculosis; age at least 18 years; socially adopted patients (the patients taking official or informal work place), the constant income in a family, a residence, a registration. Exception criteria were: extra pulmonary or other forms of lung tuberculosis at the patient; existence of a serious somatic illness; HIV infection; existence of malignant new growths; mental diseases; the social disadaptation (homeless persons who aren’t working, released from jails or being under examination, abusing alcohol in the form of hard drinkings and accepting drugs). All patients included in research were divided into two groups: first (main) — patients with a failure in quantity the 66, second (group of comparison) — patients with a favourable outcome of infiltrative tuberculosis of lungs, in number of 194. Failure criterion was the existence (preservation) of a disintegration lung cavity confirmed by the last X-ray picture. According patients blood test results the intoxication leukocyte index (ILI, with Kalf-Kalif formula), an blood leukocytes shift index (BLSI), an organism resistance index (ORI), a Dashtayants nuclear index was carried out. Followly the Spirmen correlation analysis with Statistica 6.0 software package was estimated. As a result of research the following data were obtained. The Dashtayants nuclear index high level at primary blood test has the strongest impact on development of infiltrative lungs tuberculosis failure in patients; the ILI and BLSI high levels at the time of the beginning of therapy have moderate negative impact. The ORI low level at the time of an treatment initiation had weak positive impact on development of a failure of tuberculosis, and weak negative — rendered the LII high level after the first month of treatment and high BLSI in 2 months of intensive treatment in a hospital. The complex assessment of integrated indexes of blood allows judging objectively weight of a condition of the patient, need and duration of desintoxication therapy that influences an outcome of the main disease.

Aim. To identify the structural and functional heart parameters in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) depending on severity of endogenous intoxication syndrome that is defined by blood middle mass molecules (MMM) level.Material and methods. In 110 patients with CHF standard clinical, laboratory and instrumental (echocardiography) examinations were performed. Besides the blood MMM levels were determined in all patients. The patients were divided into three groups with minimal, moderate and severe endogenous intoxication depending on MMM levels.Results. 41.8% of patients had the minimal severity of endogenous intoxication, 39.1% average degree and 19.1% severe intoxication. The patients with the highest MMM levels were specified by low left ventricular ejection fraction (p

Objective: to evaluate the efficiency of pharmacological correction of endogenous intoxication in patients with Stages III—IV ovarian cancer (OC) in the perioperative period. Subjects and methods. Thirty-to-70-year old seventy patients with Stages III-IV OC who had been surgically treated under general anesthesia were examined. The bio chemical parameters of intoxication, such as middleweight molecules, the total, effective concentration and binding capacity of albumin, integral hematological indices of intoxication, and C-reactive protein, were studied in the perioperative period. Results. Analysis of the performed tests showed that the premorbid background in all the examinees was characterized by varying degrees of endogenous intoxication (EI), increased leukocytic index of intoxication, hematological index of intoxication, and modified hematological index of intoxication, an imbalance between the accumulation and binding of overproduced toxic ligands, the intensified production of acutephase inflammatory proteins by the activation of a systemic inflammatory response, and decreased systemic responsiveness. These changes occur with suppressed systemic responsiveness, inadequate intoxication compensation by physiological detoxification systems and hemostatic instability. Conclusion. The use of heptral and Remaxol as part of the metabolic pharmacological correction infusion program nonequivalently caused reductions in the activity of an inflammatory response and the efficiency of EI correction in patients with OC in the perioperative period. The administration of Remaxol for systemic hyporesponsiveness and pronounced intoxication in OC patients promoted the optimization of systemic responsiveness, by producing a reduced toxic effect of tumorassociated EI.

The study was based on the treatment results of 217 patients with mechanical jaundice of benign genesis complicated by purulent cholangitis. In 53 patients with cholemic endotoxicosis after preliminary minimally invasive decompression of the bile ducts various methods of treatment were used. In 17 patients (group I), traditional treatment including infusion and antibiotic therapy was used; in 18 patients (group II) plasmapheresis was used in combination with indirect electrochemical oxygenation (IECO) of plasma with sodium hypochlorite; and in 18 (group III) with additional ozonation of plasma (PA with IECO + Ozone) and subsequent reinfusion of detoxified plasma. Comparative evaluation of the laboratory parameters dynamics in the process of treatment in groups 2 and 3 did not reveal any significant differences. Hyperleukocytosis before operative treatment is noted in both groups. However, after surgical treatment in group 1 patients, the leukocytosis parameters are normalized only at the time of discharge, which indicates more pronounced purulent intoxication. At the same time, in patients of groups 2 and 3 there was a more rapid decrease and normalization of leukocytosis on the 5th postoperative day. The developed differential surgical tactic with the implementation of minimally invasive decompression and the use of plasmapheresis allows to stop the phenomenon of endotoxicosis, cholestasis and liver dysfunction and thereby improve the results of treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this work was an attempt to evaluate the effect of complex treatment on some endogenous intoxication (EI) indicators in chronic pyelonephritis developed on the background of dismetabolic nephropathy (DMN) (DCP). Materials and methods - A survey of 130 children DCP, aged from 4 to 15 years has been carried out. Patients were divided into 3 groups depending on treatment method. Results - comparative assessment of the results of the study of endogenous intoxication conducted after treatment in children with DCP, depending on the method of treatment, demonstrated the effectiveness of "renal tyubazh" compared to other methods of therapy. Conclusion - the use of complex treatment of "renal tyubazh" with DCP is the most appropriate method of therapy. This method leads to the restoration of the TCA (total concentration of albumin) and ECA (effective concentration of albumin) in the blood, TCA and AMP (medium molecular peptides) in the urine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Worldwide obesity spread is a global health problem and needs to be further studied. Co-morbidities of obesity include insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus type 2, and dyslipidemia, which are the most frequent contributing factors for metabolic syndrome (MetS), as well as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and chronic kidney disease. The aim was to study renal function and endogenous intoxication panel on high-calorie diet-induced obesity rat model and perform comparative study of the treatment efficacy of Fenugreek-based bionanocomposite vs antiobesogenic drugs (Orlistat). Materials: We included 60 male rats and equally divided them to 6 groups of 10 animals in each group: the experimental groups were firstly assigned as controls and high caloric diet (HCD)-fed groups, and each group further was subdivided to remain untreated, Fenugreek bionanocomposite (BNC)-treated, and Orlistat-treated. Normal control rats (groups 1, 2, 3) were fed by a standard chow, while the others (groups 4, 5, 6) were fed with HCD ad libitum during 98 days. From days 77 to 98, groups 2 and 5 were treated with BNC based on Fenugreek (150 mg/kg body weight, orally) and groups 3 and 6 were treated with antiobesogenic drug Orlistat (10 mg/kg body weight, orally). Food and water consumptions were measured daily and body weights were measured once a week. On day 99, blood was collected; the creatinine, urea, and uric acid were estimated in serum according to the standard protocols. Levels of low and middle molecules (MMs) were measured; the quantity of oligopeptides was estimated by Bradford method. We performed the liver and kidney ultrasonography in rats. Results: We revealed an increase in the levels of endogenous intoxication syndrome markers (MM and oligopeptides) in all animals with experimental obesity. Ultrasound data showed injury of the liver and kidneys in obese rats. We observed significant decreasing of MM levels after Orlistat treatment vs controls ( p < 0.05). However, this effect was more pronounced in Fenugreek BNC-treated group vs both Orlistat-treated and controls ( p < 0.05). Orlistat treatment evoked rising of serum creatinine and oligopeptides in control animals and failed to normalize these markers in experimental group. Fenugreek-based BNC treatment did not evoke signs of kidney failure and changes in the studied indices in control group. We noticed normalization levels of uric acid and urea in the blood under the use of BNC and Orlistat. Conclusion: High-calorie diet-induced obesity evokes endogenous intoxication syndrome and kidney dysfunction in rats. Application of Orlistat- and Fenugreek-based BNC decreases MM content to the normal level. Orlistat induces increasing levels of oligopeptides in both groups, likely due to adverse side effects on renal function and its pro-oxidant activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Associated injury is a worldwide social and economic problem. Age related aspects of endogenous intoxication are not studied comprehensively. Annually, from 44 000 to 65 000 citizens die because of traumatic injuries. As a result, this number increased by 32.6% for the last 10 years. The detoxification system, as a component of the functional systems of the organism, experiences significant changes in case of polytrauma. Objective. The study was aimed to discover pathogenetic peculiarities of the multiple trauma in age aspect in different disease periods and to explore the level of endogenous intoxication in this condition. Methods. The experiments were performed on 72 white male rats aged 3, 6 and 12 months, which underwent simulation of severe skeletal trauma and examination of the contents of middle mass molecules and endogenous intoxication index (markers of endogenous intoxication) in 1, 4 and 24 hours after the associated injury. Results. The most significant increase of the middle mass molecules was fixed in 24 hours after modeling of severe skeletal injuries in all groups of animals, especially it was the most pronounced in 12-month-old animals. The erythrocyte intoxication index reached the highest level in 4 hours after the injury, its increase was most significant in sexually mature adult animals. Conclusion. A significant increasing of endogenous intoxication markers in 12-month-old rats, if compared to 3- and 6-month-old animals, can be caused by the decrease in compensatory protection mechanisms.

Background. In an experiment on rats in the content of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation products in blood and liver of rats of different age groups after 45-day affection with tobacco smoke was studied. Objective. The study was aimed to investigate the rate of reactive oxygen species formation, especially the processes of lipid peroxidation and degree of endogenous intoxication in rats of different age groups in terms of 45 day affection with tobacco smoke. Methods. The content of ROS was determined in blood neutrophils method gradient centrifugation, the activity of free radical processes in rats evaluated the content of TBA - active products (TBA - AP), the degree of endogenous intoxication - the content average molecular weight (AMW) of the two factions – MW1 (dominated by chain amino acids) and MW2 (dominated by aromatic amino acids). Blood, blood serum and liver of the experimental rats were used for the investigation. It was prepared 10% homogenate in saline from liver tissue. Results. We have noticed that the destruction of rats by tobacco smoke for 45 days caused the increase of ROS in blood content, which is the result of toxic effect on the body. The immature rats were the most sensitive to the affection, which ROS contents in neutrophils increased in 2.75 times till the end of the experiment, in the mature animals it was in 1.65 times higher than in the intacts, in the senile it was higher in 2.43 times than normal rate. It was found that the level of oxygen metabolites and TBA-active products increased during the experiment (on the 15th, 30th and 45th day of toxicity). Conclusions. The most pronounced changes were inherent for the immature rats. Accumulation of active toxic metabolites was conducted with endogenous intoxication intensifying that was proved by the high content of catabolism products in the body – middle mass molecules that are likely to grow in serum of rats of all age groups.

Tuberculosis belongs to interleukin-dependent immunodeficiency infectious diseases which are accompanied by systemic inflammatory response syndrome with pronounced endogenous intoxication, i.e. accumulation in the body of final and intermediate products of metabolism due to metabolic disorders at formation of specific inflammatory response. Massive production and the further resorption of pulmonary tissue cavernisation products, cytotoxic hypoxia, violation of intracellular homeostasis, immunocytokine and hormonal imbalance are the main ways of endogenous intoxication formation in tuberculosis. The purpose of the study included the evaluation of endogenous intoxication indicators in patients with multi-drug resistant pulmonary tuberculosis with destructive changes depending on the profile of resistance of mycobacteria and determination of their role in the development of systemic inflammatory response.

The prevalence and nature of the defeat of the digestive system, depending on the profile of resistance to antituberculosis drugs in patients with drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis in the Chernivtsi region, were established. The main adverse reactions caused by various antibacterial agents, which are most common in the region, are determined, and the evaluation of endogenous intoxication severity in these patients has been carried out.

Abstract. The article presents data about blood serum cytokine profile in patients with chronic widespread dermatoses, associated with increase in blood markers of endogenous intoxication (EI) syndrome, i.e., lowand medium-molecular mass substances (LMWS). A close interrelation has been revealed between EI levels, and cytokine profiles. In the patients with high amounts of blood LMWS, increased levels of anti-inflammatory IL have been shown. Correlation analysis of clinical and laboratory parameters has demonstrated a leading role of EI in pathogenetic mechanisms of chronic extended dermatoses, and brings about altered regulation of metabolic processes. A severe clinical course of dermatoses (i.e., therapy resistance) was associated with a considerable decrease in blood IL-8 and IL-10 levels, along with high IgE and LMWS amounts. (Med. Immunol., 2011, vol. 13, N 2-3, pp 205-210)

Background: One of the promising areas in ophthalmology is photodynamic therapy (PDT). Purpose: To assess the effect of laser irradiation of the rat eye at the doses applied in PDT (without photosensitizer) on endogenous intoxication indices. Materials and Methods: Fifty rats were used to investigate the effect of different modes of photodynamic irradiation of the rat eye on changes in endogenous intoxication indices over time. Results: Exposure to 630-nm laser irradiation of 300-mJ pulsed mode (3 min) and 60-J photodynamic dose (PDD) mode (15 s) does not result in the development of endogenous intoxication. According to the literature, serum level of middle-weight molecules (MWM) is an integral marker of metabolic disorders of the body and can be used as evidence of the intensity of endogenous intoxication. Conclusion: Exposure to 630-nm laser irradiation of 300-mJ pulsed mode (3 min) and 60-J PDD mode (15 s) does not result in the development of endogenous intoxication, making possible the application of these modes in practical ophthalmology. Because exposure to 890-nm laser irradiation of 300-mJ pulsed mode (3 min), and, especially, to 630-nm laser irradiation of 120-J PDD mode (30 s) results in the increased accumulation of MWM in circulating blood of animals, the eye should not be exposed to such irradiation doses.

Copyright of Likarska Sprava is the property of J. Likarska Sprava and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Likarska Sprava is the property of J. Likarska Sprava and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article briefly describes the history of the biochemistry laboratory of the Federal State Organization "Scientific Center of Reconstructive and Restorative Surgery" SB RAMS - from organizing VI. Astafev Siberian Branch of the All-Union Scientific Center of Surgery RAMS, and create groups: 1) biochemistry (head A.L. Tarabrin) and 2) express diagnosis and drug therapy (head E.E.Kuznetsova). The main areas of research have been associated with the study of mechanisms, assessment of severity of the correction and effectiveness in the clinic and in the experiment with coronary heart disease, acute myocardial infarction, toxic hepatitis, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, inflammatory bowel diseases, injuries. We investigated the efficacy and mechanisms: the thrombolysis in AMI, actions imozimaza in purulent processes, new antibiotics, anti-cytokine therapy in IBD, stem cell therapy in various pathologies. Results of some studies.

Chemych O. M., Chemych M. D., Moroz L. V. Gender and etiological features of modern salmonellosis = Гендерні та етіологічні особливості сучасного сальмонельозу = Гендерные и этиологические особенности современного сальмонеллеза Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2016;6(10):455-470. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.164430 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/3975 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 755 (23.12.2015). 755 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Author (s) 2016; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 02.09.2016. Revised 24.09.2016. Accepted: 30.10.2016. УДК: 616.9:579.842.14]-07:613.2.099 GENDER AND ETIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF MODERN SALMONELLOSIS Oksana Mykolaivna Chemych1, Mykola Dmytrovich Chemych1, Larysa Vasylivna Moroz2 1Sumy State University, 2, Rymskogo-Korsakova St., Sumy, 40007, Ukraine 2National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Pirogov str., 56, Vinnytsya, 21018, Ukraine chemychoksana@gmail.com Summary The main clinical and epidemiologic features of modern salmonellosis in acute disease period were analyzed. The studied integrative indices of endogenous intoxication in groups indicate disturbances in the immune system, such as the prevalence of humoral and depression of cellular components of immune system, development of endogenous intoxication due to body autointoxication by destruction of own cells and by influence of bacterial endo- and exotoxins, evident inflammatory reaction. In the acute phase reactions of delayed type prevail over hypersensitivity of immediate type that causes to launching allergic mechanisms on the background of intoxication. Keywords: salmonellosis, clinical picture, integral indicators, integrative indicators, endogenous intoxication. ГЕНДЕРНІ ТА ЕТІОЛОГІЧНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ СУЧАСНОГО САЛЬМОНЕЛЬОЗУ Оксана Миколаївна Чемич1, Микола Дмитрович Чемич1, Лариса Василівна Мороз2 1Сумський державний університет, вул. Римського-Корсакова, 2, Суми, 40007, Україна 2Вінницький Національний медичний університет імені М. І. Пирогова, вул. Пирогова, 56, Вінниця, 21018, Україна Резюме Проаналізовано основні клінічні та епідеміологічні ознаки сучасного сальмонельозу в гострий період захворювання. Дослідженні інтегративні показники ендогенної інтоксикації у групах вказують на порушення в імунній системі, а саме превалювання гуморальної і пригнічення клітинної ланок імунітету, розвиток ендогенної інтоксикації внаслідок автоінтоксикації організму при деструкції власних клітин та при дії бактеріальних ендо- та екзотоксинів, виразну запальну реакцію. У гострому періоді спостерігається переважання реакцій уповільненого типу над гіперчутливістю негайного типу, що призводить до запуску алергічних механізмів на тлі інтоксикації. Ключові слова: сальмонельоз, клініка, інтегральні показники, інтегративні показники, ендогенна інтоксикація. ГЕНДЕРНЫЕ И ЭТИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ СОВРЕМЕННОГО САЛЬМОНЕЛЛЕЗА Оксана Николаевна Чемич1, Николай Ддмитриевич Чемич1, Лариса Василиевна Мороз2 1Сумский государственный университет, 2Винницкий Национальный медицинский университет имени Н. И. Пирогова Резюме Проведен анализ основных клинических и эпидемиологических особенностей течения сальмонеллеза в острый период заболевания и выявлены гематологические изменения. Исследованные интегративные показатели эндогенной интоксикации в группах указывают на нарушения в иммунной системе, а именно превалирование гуморального и угнетение клеточного звеньев иммунитета, развитие эндогенной интоксикации вследствие аутоинтоксикации организма при деструкции собственных клеток и при действии бактериальных эндо- и экзотоксинов, выраженную воспалительную реакцию. В остром периоде наблюдается преобладание реакций замедленного типа над гиперчувствительностью немедленного типа, что приводит к запуску аллергических механизмов на фоне интоксикации. Ключевые слова: сальмонеллез, клиника, интегральные показатели, интегративные показатели, эндогенная интоксикация.