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Objectives: Non-surgical endodontic retreatment is to be a conservative option over endodontic surgery in case of recurrent infections. Root canal retreatment procedures needs to be initiated faster and proficiently with proper root canal retreatment files. The main aim of this study is to evaluate the remaining root dentin thickness post Gutta Percha (GP) retrieval from the root canal after using two different rotary instruments. Materials and methods: A total of sixty extracted single rooted teeth were chosen. Shaping and Cleaning was done Step Back (Telescopic) technique with apical preparation of size 40 k File. Irrigation was carried out using NaOCl (3 %) and Ethyelenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) to clear the smear layer. The canals were dried using paper points and obturation was completed using lateral compaction technique with AH plus resin sealer. Upon completing the obturation, it was categorized into two groups: Group I- ProTaper retreatment files (PTR) and Group II- Solite RS3 (S-RS3) Retreatment files. Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) was used to assess the remaining dentin thickness post gutta-percha retrieval at 3,5 and 7 mm respectively. To test the significance between groups independent t test was used. Results: It can be noted from the results that more amount of remaining dentin thickness was seen after using Solite RS3 files at 3 mm, 5 mm and 7 mm on the mesial side compared to ProTaper retreatment files (p 0.05). Conclusion: Within the limitations of the study, it can be concluded that Solite RS3 files have the potential to preserve the remaining dentin thickness. However, more studies including various other parameters should be performed to arrive at a definitive conclusion.

Background: Endodontic retreatment is crucial for preserving dental health but is influenced by various factors., Objective: This research aimed to assess factors affecting the success of endodontic retreatment procedures., Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 250 cases of endodontic retreatment. Demographic and clinical data were collected, and treatment success was defined based on predetermined criteria. Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate associations between treatment factors and retreatment outcomes., Results: The overall success rate was 75%. Rotary instrumentation, gutta-percha obturation, and use of intracanal medication were significantly associated with higher retreatment success rates ( P < 0.05)., Conclusion: Factors such as instrumentation type, obturation material, and intracanal medication significantly influence endodontic retreatment success. Understanding and optimizing these factors are crucial for improving treatment outcomes and patient satisfaction., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2024 Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences.)

Objective: The purpose of this in vitro investigation was to assess the effectiveness of various gutta-percha retrieval methods in endodontic retreatment., Methods: Five groups were randomly allocated to extract human teeth that had already had root canal therapy: manual files, rotary tools, heat, solvents, and ultrasonics. By evaluating the amount of filling material still present, gutta-percha clearance was quantitatively examined, and root canal cleanliness was qualitatively appraised. To compare the effectiveness of retrieval approaches, statistical analysis was done., Findings: Hand files, heat, and solvents were less effective than rotary devices and ultrasonics at removing gutta-percha ( P < 0.05). A quantitative investigation showed that the groups using rotary instruments (0.87 mm) and ultrasonics (0.68 mm) had much less gutta-percha left. The qualitative evaluation revealed that rotary instruments (2.12) and ultrasonics (2.45) had greater cleaning ratings compared to other methods., Conclusion: In conclusion, gutta-percha can be effectively removed during endodontic retreatment by using rotary tools and ultrasonics, which provide both quantitative efficiency and qualitative purity. The implementation of sophisticated retrieval procedures to maximize treatment results in clinical practice is supported by these findings., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2024 Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences.)

Objective: The purpose of this retrospective study was to assess the variables affecting endodontic retreatment technique success., Methods: A 5-year period of 500 patient records from a dental clinic were examined. Pre-operative factors, procedure specifics, post-operative results, and demographic information were all documented. The study employed statistical analysis to determine the important factors that influence retreatment success., Findings: The average age of the study group was 45.2 years, and 56% of the participants were female. Sixty-four percent of patients had multiple root canals, and the most frequent initial diagnosis (60%) was apical periodontitis. The results of the surgery varied: 50% of patients had full healing, 30% had partial healing, and 20% had no improvement at all. Significant indicators of retreatment success were found to include age, initial diagnosis, and root canal morphology ( P < 0.05)., Conclusion: The effectiveness of endodontic retreatment operations is mostly influenced by age, apical periodontitis, and root canal morphology. Optimizing treatment results requires individualized treatment techniques based on each patient's unique features. Clinicians can benefit greatly from these findings in terms of increasing endodontic retreatment success rates and enhancing patient care., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2024 Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences.)

Both root canal sealer-based and supplementary protocols may influence removal of filling material during endodontic retreatment. Mesial root canals of extracted mandibular molars were prepared using HyFlex EDM 25/.08, and filled with a calcium silicate sealer (Bio-C Sealer), or an epoxy resin (AH Plus), using the single cone technique (n = 12). Retreatment was performed using ProDesign Logic (PDL) RT and PDL 35/.05. The specimens were randomly divided into two experimental groups (n = 12), and the sealers were distributed similarly. A supplementary protocol was performed with PDL 50/.01 or XP-endo Finisher. Root canal transportation and volume, in addition to the remaining filling material percentage were evaluated using high-resolution (5 µm voxel size) micro-CT. Statistical analysis was performed using t-tests (α = 0.05). Root canals filled with AH Plus presented high residual filling material (p < 0.05). Both protocols decreased residual volume of filling material in the apical third (p < 0.05). PDL 50/.01 increased the apical root canal volume (p < 0.05). No difference was observed between the systems regarding canal transportation (p > 0.05). In conclusion, AH Plus is more difficult to remove from the apical third than Bio-C Sealer. PDL 50/.01 and XP-endo Finisher enabled greater removal of filling materials in the apical third, in the retreatment of curved root canals, without promoting apical transport.

Introduction: Endodontic retreatment is essential for periapical healing, involving the removal of inadequate fillings, thorough cleaning, and new filling application to prevent leakage. This study compares the dissolving abilities of Eucalyptus, Orange, and Castor oils in the re-treatment of resin-based endodontic fillings using conventional and rotary techniques., Methodology: Thirty single-rooted human teeth were prepared and filled with gutta-percha and AH Plus sealer. They were divided into three groups (n=10) based on the solvent used (Eucalyptus, Orange, or Castor oil) and further subdivided based on the techniques used (conventional and rotary). Standardised re-treatment procedures were performed, and the amount of residual material was measured., Results: A significant difference (p<0.001) was found among the groups, indicating that both the type of solvent and the technique significantly affected the amount of residual material. The rotary technique generally left less residual material compared to the conventional technique for all solvents. Eucalyptus oil with the rotary technique showed the least residual material (mean = 5.8), while Castor oil with the conventional technique showed the most (mean = 10.2)., Conclusion: Eucalyptus oil, especially when used with rotary techniques, is highly effective in removing resin-based endodontic fillings, providing a viable and safer alternative to traditional solvents. The study underscores the importance of selecting appropriate solvents and techniques for successful endodontic re-treatment., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. S. Nialingappa Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Institutional Ethics Committee issued approval HKES/SNIDSR/IEC/SS/10/22. S. Nialingappa Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Institutional Ethics Committee reviewed and discussed your application to conduct clinical research and approved the trial to be conducted in its present form. Animal subjects: All authors have confirmed that this study did not involve animal subjects or tissue. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Siraparapu et al.)

Objectives: To evaluate and compare the efficacy of XP-endo Finisher R (FKG Dentaire, Le Locle, Neuchatel, Switzerland), EDDY (VDW Dental, Munich, Germany), and passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) as supplementary steps following the D-RaCe retreatment file system (FKG Dentaire) in the removal of root canal obturation material using cone beam CT., Materials and Methods: A total of 45 two-rooted permanent maxillary first premolars were selected. Following access preparation, cleaning, and shaping with Hero Shaper (Micro Mega, Besançon, BFC, France) rotary file up to 25/04%, thermoplasticized obturation was performed with TotalFill BC sealer (FKG Dentaire) and gutta-percha. The specimens were subjected to routine retreatment using the D-RaCe retreatment file system. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and volumetric analysis were performed before and after this procedure. The samples were divided into group A (XP-endo Finisher R: n=15), group B (EDDY: n=15), and group C (PUI: n=15). Finally, a third CBCT was taken and a volumetric analysis was done. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS Statistics version 26.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA)., Results: The lowest mean residual volume of obturation material was seen with XP-endo Finisher R (1.6 mm 3 ), followed by PUI (1.7 mm 3 ). The EDDY showed the least efficiency in complete debridement of the root canals (3.6 mm 3 ). This difference in values was statistically significant., Conclusion: The XP-endo Finisher R and PUI showed superior performance than EDDY in the removal of remaining obturation material from the root canal system after retreatment with the D-RaCe retreatment file system. However, none of the systems were able to completely remove the root canal obturation materials., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Institutional Ethics Committee of Malabar Dental College and Research Center issued approval IEC/04/CONS-B/MDC/2020. Animal subjects: All authors have confirmed that this study did not involve animal subjects or tissue. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, N et al.)

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate and compare postoperative pain (PP) in single-visit nonsurgical endodontic retreatment (SV NSER) with 2% chlorhexidine (CHX), 0.1% octenidine (OCT) with or without ozone, and 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl)., Materials and Methods: In this randomized, parallel, prospective, double-blind, clinical trial, 132 single-rooted, root-filled teeth with symptomatic apical periodontitis (AP) requiring NSER were allocated into six groups randomly (n = 22/group): 2% CHX with NaOCl (CHXH), 2% Ozonated CHX without NaOCl (OCHX), 2% Ozonated CHX with NaOCl (OCHXH), 0.1% OCT with NaOCl (OCTH), 0.1% Ozonated OCT without NaOCl (OOCT), and 0.1% Ozonated OCT with NaOCl (OOCTH). Standard NSER protocol was followed groups were irrigated with 15 ml of ozonated or nonozonated irrigant (CHX/OCT) for 3-5 min with ultrasonic agitation. PP at baseline, after 6, 12, 24, 48 h, and 7 days was recorded using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Logistic regression of predictor variables was compared using the Chi-square test. For group-wise and time-wise comparisons, a two-way analysis of variance followed by the post hoc Bonferroni test was carried out., Results: None of the patient-related variables in logistic regression obtained a statistically significant (P > 0.05) role in PP. The VAS score after 6 h was OCHX (4.72) > OOCT (4.42) > CHXH (4.23) > OCTH (3.95) > OCHXH (3.42) > OOCTH (3.21). OOCTH and OCHXH groups demonstrated statistically significant reductions in VAS scores at various time intervals (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: SV NSER with ozonated OCT, CHX irrigation, and NaOCl resulted in lesser PP at all time intervals, i.e., 6, 12, 24, 48 h, and 7 days in patients with symptomatic AP., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2024 Journal of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics.)

Aim: To evaluate cleaning efficacy and debris extrusion of supplementary file systems XP Endo Finisher (XPEF) and XP Endo Finisher R (XPEFR) in endodontic retreatment., Materials and Methods: Thirty single-rooted teeth with single canals were selected, canal preparation done till file #30 6% and obturation completed using lateral condensation technique with AH Plus sealer. The samples were stored at 37°C in a 100% humidity incubator for 7 days. The samples were distributed across the three groups according to the method of retreatment ( n = 10): Group I: Neo Endo retreatment (NER) files, Group II: NER files + XPEF, and Group III: NER files + XPEFR. Removal of gutta percha using each file system according to the distributed groups was performed. The extruded debris was collected in an Eppendorf tube, dried in a hot air oven, and weighed. Teeth were sliced longitudinally using carborundum discs. Coronal, middle, and apical thirds were assessed for cleaning efficacy under a stereomicroscope. Results were tabulated and subjected to the statistical analysis using the Kruskal-Wallis H -test followed by post hoc turkey HSD test. All statistical tests were carried out at significance level P < 0.05., Results: It was seen that Group II (NER files + XPEF) exhibited better cleaning efficacy than Group III (NER files + XPEFR), although the results were not statistically significant. Greater debris extrusion was seen with Group III when compared to Group II., Conclusion: Supplementary files XPEF/XPEFR enhance the cleaning efficacy in endodontic retreatment, but the debris extrusion of XPEFR is more than XPEF., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2024 Journal of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics.)

Paresthesia is a potential consequence of unsuccessful root canal treatment. Persistent infection resulting in apical periodontitis may enlarge sufficiently to involve the mental neurovascular bundle. The case presented in this report was referred for endodontic evaluation with a chief complaint of discomfort on mastication and persistent numbness of the lower left lip. Clinical and radiographic evaluation revealed incomplete primary endodontic treatment of the left mandibular second premolar with complex internal anatomy. The untreated root canal system resulted in the progression of apical periodontitis involving the left mental neurovascular bundle as confirmed by cone-beam computed tomography imaging. Nonsurgical root canal retreatment was performed over 2 visits. At the 3-year follow-up visit, the paresthesia had resolved with return of normal sensation. Nonsurgical endodontic retreatment may be sufficient to allow healing of large periapical lesions and resolve complications including paresthesia without the need for surgical intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Statement of the Problem: The success of root canal therapy depends on root canal irrigation, disinfection, and sealing of root canal. Wettability and roughness of root dentine surface are important factors in root canal disinfection and sealing.Purpose: This study aimed to assess the effect of chloroform application on roughness and wettability of the root canal walls in endodontic retreatment.Materials and Method: This in vitro experimental study evaluated 70 sound extracted human anterior teeth. The specimens were then randomly assigned to 7 groups as follows: Chloroform (group 1), 1g gutta percha+chloroform (group 2), 2g gutta percha+ chloroform (group 3), 1g gutta percha+ 1g sealer+ chloroform (group 4), 2g gutta perch+ 2g sealer+chloroform (group 5), 1g sealer + chloroform (group 6) and 2g sealer + chloroform (group 7). One drop of distilled water was placed on each tooth to measure the contact angle and wettability. Photographs were obtained of an area measuring 50×50 µm2 in three directions under an atomic force microscope to measure the roughness. The tooth blocks were exposed to the abovementioned mixtures for 10 min, and then rinsed with saline. The roughness and wettability of each sample were measured before and after treatment. Data was analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test.Results: The roughness of all groups significantly decreased following treatment, except for groups 1 and 4. The contact angle increased in all groups after treatment (except for the chloroform group), which indicated decreased wettability. The roughness and the contact angle have shown no correlation.Conclusion: Application of chloroform for removal of gutta-percha and sealer in endodontic retreatment decreases the roughness and wettability of dentine.

Background: Removal of the root canal filling material in the course of the endodontic retreatment is achieved by the use of various instruments and techniques. Purpose: The aim of this article is to systematically analyze published in vitro investigations over a five-year period of time (2018-2022), assessing the efficacy of the XP-Endo Finisher R file as a supplementary approach in orthograde endodontic retreatment. Materials and methods: The literature data was acquired through PubMed - MEDLINE, The Cochrane Library and Science Direct database and hand web search, then the articles were assessed by three independent reviewers. Results: An overall number of eighteen papers out of 108 titles met the eligibility criteria and were finally chosen for quantitative synthesis. Most of the studies affirmed the effectiveness of XP-Endo Finisher R by means of microcomputed tomography. Shaping with the file is not able to guarantee root canal walls free of remnants. Conclusions: XP-Endo Finisher-R is an effective supplementary approach in endodontic retreatment procedures. Nonetheless, it is rarely reported to achieve the complete removal of the root canal filling material. Micro-CT is a reliable, non-invasive analytical tool that can accurately measure the volume and the percentage of the remaining root canal fillings.

Introduction: Secondary endodontic infections present intricate challenges in dental practice, necessitating effective retreatment strategies. The current systematic review aimed to critically evaluate the outcomes of single‑visit versus multi‑visit endodontic retreatment in patients with secondary endodontic infections. Materials and Methods: The current systematic review was registered in the Open Science Framework database and followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‑Analyses. Searches were conducted in PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for articles published until April 2023. The inclusion criteria for the current systematic review were clinical trials reporting the comparison of nonsurgical single‑visit versus multiple‑visit endodontic retreatments with predictive outcome. The Cochrane scale was used to assess the risk of bias. Results: Six studies were included in the systematic review. Four studies reported the incidence of postoperative pain, and two studies reported the periapical lesion healing after single‑ and multiple‑visit endodontic retreatments with an 18‑ and 24‑month follow‑up. Three studies showed a low risk of bias, one study showed unclear risk of bias, and two studies showed a high risk of bias. Conclusion: Comparative analyses indicated that single-visit endodontic retreatment yielded comparable postoperative pain levels and healing outcomes as retreatment conducted over multiple visits. Notably, the utilization of intracanal medicaments such as calcium hydroxide and triple antibiotic paste demonstrates promise in mitigating postoperative pain subsequent to retreatment procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim. To evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of endodontic retreatment of patients with destructive forms of persistent periodontitis using a combined approach to disinfection of the root canal system and a hyaluronic acid medication.Materials and methods. Group № 1 – endodontic retreatment with root canal disinfection by Hypochloran-3; group № 2 – the same, but for root canal disinfection, first "Hypochloran-3" was applied, and then photodynamic therapy using a 662 nm diode laser and a photosensitizer "ELOFIT®"; group № 3 – in addition to the manipulations carried out in group № 2, of the "Revident" medication was injected twice in the projection of the apical part of the causative tooth. Antibacterial efficacy was assessed according to the results of microbiological studies of biological samples taken before and 2 weeks after endodontic retreatment. The identification of microorganism colonies was carried out by mass spectrometry.Results. In patients with destructive forms of persistent periodontitis, both before and after root canals disinfection, Enterococcus faecalis ranked the first in terms of the frequency of detection in biological samples, Candida albicans the second, and Veillonella parvula the third. At the same time, before the treatment of root canals, the predominance (more than 80%) of polymicrobial associations with their participation was shown. After root canal treatment, the number of obtained microorganism isolates in groups 1-3 significantly decreased: by 60.0%, 74.3%, and 76.0%. Against this background, the share of strict anaerobes and microaerophiles in groups 1-3 decreased: by 60.6%, 81.3%, and 78.1%. The share of facultative anaerobes also significantly decreased by 59.7%, 79.7%, and 83.8%.Conclusions. Endodontic retreatment of patients with destructive forms of chronic periodontitis using combined disinfection of root canals both without and in combination with a hyaluronic acid medication is accompanied by a statistically significant reduction in species diversity, associations, and content of periodontal pathogenic microbiota.

Introduction: The successful outcome of endodontic retreatment heavily relies on the thorough removal of root canal filling materials. This study aimed to quantitatively and qualitatively assess the efficacy of various retreatment file systems using nano-computed tomography (nano-CT) imaging. Materials and Methods: Thirty recently extracted human mandibular molars with mesial roots having curvatures <20° were chosen and sectioned to 16 mm in length. The root canals were prepared with the ProTaper Gold system up to size F2 and they were filled with gutta percha and AH Plus sealer. After obturation, all the samples were randomly assigned to two groups (n = 15 each) for retreatment: Group 1 utilized Solite RE Black retreatment files, while Group 2 employed Coltene HyFlex Remover files. Nano-CT imaging was employed to measure pre- and postoperative volumes of remaining filling material and remaining dentin thickness and the time taken for retreatment was measured in seconds. The obtained values were analyzed statistically (P < 0.05). Results: Nano-CT analysis showed a significant difference (P < 0.05) in the volume of remaining filling material between the Solite RE Black and Coltene HyFlex Remover groups. However, no significant difference was observed in the time required for gutta-percha removal. The Solite RE Black system showed comparatively less dentin removal than the Coltene HyFlex Remover system (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The Solite RE Black retreatment file system demonstrated promising efficacy in removing filling material while preserving dentin integrity compared to the Coltene HyFlex Remover system. These findings support its potential as an effective tool for endodontic retreatment, emphasizing the need for further clinical trials to validate its performance across various clinical scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: During the course of a non-surgical orthograde endodontic retreatment, supplementary instrumentation is usually required for better removal of root canal filling material., Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of XP-Endo Finisher R in endodontic retreatment of oval root canals., Materials and Methods: The study was performed on extracted mandibular incisors preliminary cut at the cementoenamel junction. The root canals of 12 extracted lower central incisors were initially shaped with the rotary nickel-titanium system XP-Endo Shaper (30/.04) and filled with continuous waves of condensation. Root canal retreatment was performed with the МTwo Retreatment - R1 (15/.05) and R2 (25/.05) files, followed by the XP-Endo Finisher R (30/.00). Three micro-computed tomography scans were performed during the course of the experiment: 1) after the filling of the root canals, 2) after the first retreatment procedures, and 3) after the supplementary shaping. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for normality and Friedman and Kruskal-Wallis tests for comparison of several independent samples., Results: There were no statistically significant differences in the percentage of removed obturation material in the different parts of the root canal after the use of Mtwo-R (P = 0.649) and XP-Endo Finisher R (P = 0.934). The additional instrumentation with XP-FR reduced the percentage of the remaining root canal filling insignificantly (P = 0.190)., Conclusions: The combined action of Mtwo-R retreatment files and XP-Endo Finisher R resulted in significant reduction of the amount of root canal filling material. Nevertheless, none of the examined rotary systems guaranteed its complete removal., (Copyright © 2023 Copyright: © 2023 Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice.)

Mandibular canines usually have one root with one root canal. However, variations may occur. The present study reports two cases of successful retreatment of two mandibular canines with two roots and two root canals, a rarer configuration. In both cases reported, the unsuccessful treatment in the primary endodontic intervention was due to overlooking the lingual root canals, which were identified when periapical radiographs were taken at a mesial angle. Because canals missed during endodontic therapy may lead to periapical periodontitis, it is important to take radiographs from different angles, analyze the pulp chamber floor, and consider the variations in root canal morphologies. After performing the access cavity and observing an isthmus in both cases, the lingual root canals were located and instrumented. Calcium hydroxide dressing was used between appointments, and the root canals were filled with different sealers in each case (epoxy resin-based and bioceramic sealers). The follow-up X-rays taken 18 months later in the first case and 5 months later in the second case suggested normality of the periapical tissues. It is essential to use strategies that enable reaching the whole complexity of the root canal system during the canal cleaning, shaping, disinfection, and filling procedures in order to control the infection and achieve a successful endodontic treatment outcome.

Introduction Non-surgical retreatment is seen as a conservative choice for dealing with recurrent infections, instead of opting for periapical surgery. The retreatment processes should be promptly and efficiently carried out, utilizing a suitable armamentarium. The objective of this experiment is to evaluate the quantity of root dentin that remains following the removal of gutta-percha (GP) from the root canal employing two distinct retreatment files. Materials and methods Sixty single-rooted teeth were selected for the examination. The process of shaping and cleaning was performed using the step-back approach, with a master apical file size of 40. The smear layer was effectively eliminated by rinsing with a solution of 3% sodium hypochlorite and 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. Paper points were employed to desiccate the canals. The obturation process involved the utilization of the lateral compaction technique with the AH Plus sealer (Dentsply Sirona, NC, USA). The teeth were classified into two groups: Group I (n=30) underwent retreatment using HyFlex Remover (Coletene India, Pvt., Ltd.), whereas Group II (n=30) received therapy with Solite RS3 retreatment files (Solite Dental in Chennai, India). The remaining dentin thickness (RDT) was assessed by cone beam computed tomography at levels 3, 6, and 9 mm from the cemento enamel junction after the removal of GP. The acquired data underwent examination using an independent t-test to determine statistical significance. Results The findings demonstrate that the utilization of Solite RS3 files led to a higher level of dentin thickness remaining at 3 mm, 6 mm, and 9 mm on the mesial side in comparison to HyFlex Remover retreatment files. The observed difference was found to be statistically significant at a significance level of p<0.05 on the mesial side. Nevertheless, there was no notable disparity seen between the two file types at these three levels on the distal side (p>0.05). Conclusion Based on the obtained results of the study, it can be concluded that Solite RS3 files show promise in preserving the RDT. However, further studies encompassing diverse parameters are needed to establish a conclusive and definitive conclusion., Competing Interests: Patent application number 202241008949 for Solite RS3 endodontic retreatment rotary file., (Copyright © 2024, Sankar et al.)

The present study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of four different Electronic Foraminal Locators (EFLs): Root ZX II (J. Morita, Tokyo, Japan), RomiApex A15 (Romidan, Kiryat-Ono, Israel), FinePex (Schuster, Porto Alegre, Brazil) and VDW Gold (VDW, Munich, Germany), in determining root length during endodontic retreatment steps. Twenty-seven human unirooted teeth had their crowns sectioned to standardize the teeth to 17 mm. The actual tooth length was visualized with an operating microscope and a #15 file juxtaposed to the apical foramen. Teeth were instrumented with files R25 and R40, and at the end of each instrumentation, measurements of root canal lengths were made with files #25 and #40. Then, the teeth had their root canals filled with standardized Gutta-Percha R40 cones and Endofill cement, and after seven days, they were uncovered with R25 and R40 files, respectively. New measurements were made with #25 and #40 files between the uncovering with each file. The data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA and Chi-square tests, considered significant when P <0.05. All devices tended to under-measurement when the obturating material was partially removed with the R25 file. When the canals were uncovered with the R40 instrument, the effectiveness of the appliances increased significantly ( P <0.05). At 0.40 mm diameter, the mean accuracy of the Romiapex A15 appliance was statistically lower than the other EFLs ( P <0.001), showing a tendency to over-measurement. In conclusion, all the tested appliances showed similar efficacy when acceptable limits were observed. The permanence of the remaining filling material in the apical third influenced the accuracy and efficacy of EFLs in endodontic retreatment cases. Key words: Endodontics, odontometry, apical foramen., Competing Interests: Conflicts of interest None declared., (Copyright: © 2024 Medicina Oral S.L.)

Context: Safe and efficient removal of all root filling materials from the root canal system without compromising radicular dentin structure is essential for optimal nonsurgical retreatment., Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the incidence of dentinal defects caused during root canal filling removal using conventional, rotary, and reciprocating retreatment file systems., Settings and Design: A detailed protocol explaining purpose and procedures of the study was submitted to the Institutional Ethics Committee and ethical clearance obtained., Subjects and Methods: Sixty human maxillary permanent central incisors were collected and decoronated to 12-mm standardized length. The canals prepared up to a master apical file size F3 with Protaper hand files, obturated using AH plus sealer, examined under the stereomicroscope (×40 magnification): Group I: Control ( n = 15), Group II: Conventional ( n = 15), Group III: Protaper Universal Retreatment Files ( n = 15), and Group IV: Reciproc Blue ( n = 15). After instrumentation, teeth were sectioned at 3, 6, and 9 mm from the apex to evaluate the presence of dentinal defects under the stereomicroscope., Statistical Analysis Used: Statistics were performed using the SPSS, version, 25 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Initially, normality test was done using the Shapiro-Wilk test and data were not normally distributed followed by Kruskal-Wallis test. P < 0.05 is considered statistically significant., Results: Maximum percentage increase in dentinal defects was observed in Protaper Universal Retreatment Files followed by Conventional method and Reciproc Blue., Conclusions: Significantly Reciproc Blue reduced the incidence of dentinal defects after root canal preparation., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2024 Journal of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics.)

Context: Complementary procedures have been proposed to improve the endodontic retreatments., Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate, by microcomputed tomography (micro-CT), the dentin wear caused by passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) and easy clean (EC) instruments, when used for the final removal of filling material during endodontic retreatment., Methods: Thirty-six mesial roots of the lower first molars were divided into four groups ( n = 9), according to the final irrigation and sealer: PUI/AH Plus, EC/AH Plus, PUI/Total Fill (TF), and EC/TF. Canal volume was evaluated, both before and after the final irrigation, by micro-CT analysis. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare the volumes among groups and the paired Wilcoxon test was used to compare the volume values before and after the final irrigation within each group., Results: Both complementary cleaning procedures promoted dentin wear that was observed only when the volume was analyzed for each third of the root canal. In the apical third, both instruments showed significant wear, where the use of the EC instrument resulted in greater wear than the PUI, in teeth filled with both AH Plus and TF BC Sealers ( P < 0.05)., Conclusion: Both complementary cleaning procedures promoted dentin wear and must be used cautiously., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2024 Journal of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics.)

Non-surgical endodontic retreatment is a reliable conservative option for managing post-treatment apical periodontitis. However, effective microbial control, based on the maximization of filling removal and disinfection protocols, is not yet predictable. Traditional gutta-percha solvents, which are indistinctively used for both the core and sealer filling materials, became obsolete due to unprecedented advances in endodontic technology. Nonetheless, microtomography, scanning electronic microscopy findings, and histobacteriological analysis tend to confirm the persistence of filling materials and the lack of association between root canal enlargement and superior disinfection. There is a controversy regarding the most suitable clinical protocols surrounding the shaping procedures and the supplementary disinfection steps. Based on the literature and the previous work of the team, the authors aimed to summarize the current knowledge regarding specific solvent formulations that target filling materials. Additionally, the advantage of an additional irrigation step to optimize disinfection was highlighted. This adjunctive procedure serves a dual role in the dissolution of filling materials, and in conferring an antibiofilm effect. Further research is needed to understand the novel contribution of these strategies upon clinical practice outcomes.

Statement of the Problem: The success of root canal therapy depends on root canal irrigation, disinfection, and sealing of root canal. Wettability and roughness of root dentine surface are important factors in root canal disinfection and sealing. Purpose: This study aimed to assess the effect of chloroform application on roughness and wettability of the root canal walls in endodontic retreatment. Materials and Method: This in vitro experimental study evaluated 70 sound extracted human anterior teeth. The specimens were then randomly assigned to 7 groups as follows: Chloroform (group 1), 1g gutta percha+chloroform (group 2), 2g gutta percha+ chloroform (group 3), 1g gutta percha+ 1g sealer+ chloroform (group 4), 2g gutta perch+ 2g sealer+chloroform (group 5), 1g sealer + chloroform (group 6) and 2g sealer + chloroform (group 7). One drop of distilled water was placed on each tooth to measure the contact angle and wettability. Photographs were obtained of an area measuring 50×50 µm2 in three directions under an atomic force microscope to measure the roughness. The tooth blocks were exposed to the abovementioned mixtures for 10 min, and then rinsed with saline. The roughness and wettability of each sample were measured before and after treatment. Data was analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test. Results: The roughness of all groups significantly decreased following treatment, except for groups 1 and 4. The contact angle increased in all groups after treatment (except for the chloroform group), which indicated decreased wettability. The roughness and the contact angle have shown no correlation. Conclusion: Application of chloroform for removal of gutta-percha and sealer in endodontic retreatment decreases the roughness and wettability of dentine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Root canal treatment procedures are considered "the bread and butter" for routine clinical practice. Although retreatments have been primarily performed by endodontists (ENs), many senior practitioners and dentists who are root canal enthusiasts do opt for undertaking endodontic retreatment procedures. This survey helps us understand the practice trends and attitude of dentists undertaking endodontic retreatment procedures in and around Mumbai city., Materials and Methods: Questionnaires pertaining to endodontic retreatment were randomly distributed (hard copy/soft copy) to 1000 practicing dentists in and around Mumbai city. The questionnaire survey was divided into Part A: involving basic details such as name, demographic information, and clinical experience of the dentist and Part B: a set of questions based on assessing the trends, techniques, materials, and opinions of dentists regarding endodontic retreatment. Only those dentists who treated endodontic retreatment patients were asked to fill the Part B form. A response rate of 60.2% was achieved., Results: Out of total 602 participants, 49% of dentists (295) reported to undertake endodontic retreatment cases. Among the 295 respondents, 46.11% were Endodontists (ENs) while 53.8% were BDS or MDS of other specialties (ODs). Most dentists preferred multi-visit retreatment and prescribed antibiotics only in specific cases. Radiovisiography was the most preferred imaging aid. Calcium hydroxide and 3% sodium hypochlorite were favored choices for intracanal medicament and irrigant, respectively. Cold lateral compaction obturation technique was most common. Advanced equipment such as microscopes, loupes, ultrasonics, retreatment files, and thermoplastic obturations were more prevalent among ENs as compared to ODs., Conclusion: This study found some differences in endodontic retreatment practice trends among ENs and other dentists. But overall, most clinicians followed the international norms and are updated in recent advances in materials and techniques used in endodontic retreatment., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2023 Journal of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics.)

With the development and introduction of new techniques, technological advances and refinement, single session endodontic treatment and retreatment has become a predictable clinical approach. And as an adjunct to endodontic retreatment, photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been widely applied as an aid in covering root canals. The clinical case addresses endodontic retreatment in a single session in a tooth with chronic apical periodontitis with the use of photodynamic therapy and the use of bioceramic sealer Bio-C Sealer. It is concluded that endodontic retreatment in a single session using photodynamic therapy showed good clinical and radiographic results, with no postoperative signs and symptoms and an image suggestive of lesion regression after one year of preservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]