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In den ersten beiden Jahrzehnten nach der Wiedererlangung der staatlichen Unabhangigkeit gab es nahezu keine Soziologie in Osterreich. Das 1963 eroffnete Institut fur Hohere Studien (IHS) bot erstmals eine postgraduale Ausbildung und fungierte eine Weile lang als Brutstatte professioneller Soziologie. An den Universitaten wurde eine eigene Studienrichtung erst Mitte der 1960er-Jahre eingerichtet, was eine erste personelle Expansion nach sich zog. Wahrend der sozialdemokratischen Alleinregierung (1970–83) kam es zur Grundung auseruniversitarer Forschungseinrichtungen, die durch Auftragsforschung und geringe Basissubventionen charakterisiert waren. Die nachste Generation von Soziologen und Soziologinnen an den Universitaten uberwand die schroffe Frontstellung zwischen auseruniversitarer „kritischer“ und universitar „konservativer“ Ausrichtung. Nach dem Beitritt zur Europaischen Union florierten jene (zumeist auseruniversitaren) Forschungsstatten, die die neuen Fordermoglichkeiten nutzten. Eine Reform der Universitaten 2004 fuhrte dazu, dass in der nunmehr autonomen Universitat die Moglichkeiten, Soziologie zu studieren, vermehrt wurden, was von einem weiteren Personalzuwachs begleitet wurde. Erstmals wurden nun in groserer Zahl Professorinnen und Professoren aus dem Ausland berufen.

Nation-states are no longer contained by their borders. In times of mass migration and ever more dense transnational networks, states of all sizes and all migration profiles reach out to their emigrated citizens in wholly new ways. The variety of policies that target emigrants ("emigrant policies") is so vast that it seems to have become a new state function. For example, it is well known that states are expanding citizen participation beyond the nation's boundaries through voting rights and new modalities of representation and that they are opening channels for remittance transfer and offering specific investment opportunities to returning emigrants. However, other, less studied emigrant policies, comprise the symbolic incorporation of emigrants into the nation-state (e.g. through awards celebrating emigrants' achievements); social service provisions for non-residents (e.g. health and education); and the institutional inclusion of emigrants in consultative bodies, to name just a few. This book is the first to systematically take stock of the emigrant policies in place across 22 Latin American and Caribbean countries, as of 2015. By covering an entire geographical region and being based on rigorous data-collection, this will be a reference in a literature that has so far centered on a few specific cases. Also, our proposed definition of "emigrant policies" encompasses a wide range of policies that are aimed at emigrants beyond the "usual suspects" analyzed in the extant literature (electoral, citizenship, and economic policies), resulting in 112 different dimensions. This survey of such a broad sample of countries and policy dimensions will allow researchers to theorize and make comparisons on models of emigrant policy on a solid empirical and conceptual base.

The present study presents a few from the most well known Jewish memoirs written by Jewish intellectuals, active in the life of Jewish Community from Romania during the Holocaust years and in its aftermath, after the setting of communism in Romania. The books come with a personal note, an inner vision about the condition of Jews in fascist and early years of communism, about the ideal of "liberty" in a world of storm, of military confrontation, racism and anti-Semmitism. From these memoirs, it emerges the particular spirit of Jewish Community with his fight for survival, between adaptation to the politics of spheres of influence and emigration.

Flight and emigration often continue despite the formal termination of war and significant international peace-building efforts because the international community often fails to address the root causes of flight and migration. Donors primarily aim at mitigating the direct consequences of war and pacifying elite groups rather than delivering peace dividends that benefit the broader population. The decision to flee during peacetime often closely relates to structural problems. Where peace is reduced to the mere absence of war and is of low quality, it is difficult to overcome major social cleavages. Thus the reasons for emigration persist. Three factors shape the quality of peace across specific contexts: (i) the level of violence beyond the recurrence of war, (ii) the degree of access to justice and political participation beyond a formal change of the political regime, and (iii) the generation of social and economic prospects and social mobi lity. Nepal and El Salvador are illustrative examples of the interplay of these factors at the interface between state and society. In these countries, state repression and other forms of violence persist, the political system is dominated by traditional elites or those that fought the war, and youths and former combatants lack prospects for the future. Policy Implications International actors need to adapt their strategies in post-war societies in a way that they support the broader population and not just the interests of the elite. While the termination of war and the introduction of democratisation might be first steps in this direction, they alone do not automatically lead to sustainable quality peace.

Latin American and Caribbean states seek new relations with their emigrants. From external voting rights to co-funding schemes for remittances, states have introduced a range of cross-cutting policies in an attempt to reach out to their citizens abroad. Yet, these "emigrant policies" hold challenges for all parties involved: migrants, sending states, and receiving states. Latin American and Caribbean states have a long history of outmigration. About 18 million Latin American and Caribbean migrants reside in the United States alone. For some Latin American and Caribbean countries, over 15 per cent of their population live abroad. Migrant remittances are a key pillar of many economies, accounting for 20 per cent of GDP in El Salvador. Yet, these transfers are only the tip of the iceberg of broad transnational migrant networks. Emigrants engage with their home countries through many channels besides the economic. The region has become a pioneer of an emerging global trend: the development of state policies that explicitly target emigrants along social, economic, cultural, and other areas. Citizenship is the main area in which emigrant policies have developed, followed by social policies, which suggests a significant spillover beyond borders of basic state welfare functions. Policy Implications: Emigrant policies present new patterns of engagement of states of origin with emigrants. Receiving states should carefully consider the specificities of those patterns when developing integration strategies. Across Latin America and the Caribbean, some countries help their emigrants to remain abroad and to integrate, thus strengthening the continuation of emigration, while others seek their return and adopt policies that are more conducive to circular migration programmes. In both cases the emigrant policy approaches of states in the region lower the costs of integration for emigrants and receiving states, providing useful benchmarks for sending countries and venues for sending and receiving states to collaborate.

Trotz formalem Kriegsende und umfangreicher internationaler Unterstützung fliehen und migrieren weiterhin viele Menschen aus Nachkriegsgesellschaften. Die internationalen Programme zielen in erster Linie darauf, die Kriegsfolgen zu bewältigen und die Eliten zu befrieden. Sie wirken kaum auf die Fluchtursachen ein; eine Friedensdividende für die Bevölkerungsmehrheit fehlt. Die individuelle Entscheidung zur Flucht auch nach Beendigung von Kriegen hängt eng mit strukturellen Problemen zusammen. Wo Frieden auf die Abwesenheit von Krieg reduziert wird, können zentrale gesellschaftliche Spaltungen nur schwer überwunden werden. Somit bleibt die Qualität des Friedens im Nachkrieg gering. Die Qualität von Frieden kann über spezifische Kontexte hinweg mit drei Faktoren bestimmt werden: dem Ausmaß der Gewalt auch unterhalb der Schwelle zum Rückfall in den Krieg; dem Zugang der Bevölkerung zu Recht und der Möglichkeit politischer Partizipation sowie der Schaffung von sozialen und wirtschaftlichen Perspektiven zum Überleben und für soziale Mobilität. Erfahrungen in Nepal und El Salvador illustrieren das Wechselspiel dieser Faktoren an der Schnittstelle zwischen Staat und Gesellschaft. Staatliche Repression und andere Formen der Gewalt sind enorm. Das politische System wird von den alten Eliten dominiert. Jugendliche und Ex-Kombattanten haben keine Zukunftsperspektiven. Fazit Internationale Akteure müssen ihre Strategien in Nachkriegskontexten so verändern, dass die Mehrheit der Bevölkerung vom Kriegsende profitiert und nicht nur die jeweiligen Eliten. Die Beendigung von Kriegen und formale Demokratisierung können hierfür ein erster Schritt sein. Damit wird jedoch nicht automatisch ein langfristig tragfähiger Frieden geschaffen, der die Ursachen von Flüchtlingsbewegungen vermindert.

In recent decades, the role of international migration has increased dramatically in most European countries. The growth in migration has made some authors proclaim the beginning of a second Migration Period that could transform the social and cultural identity of Europe. The article presents an analysis of international migration geography in Europe in the last twenty-five years. The authors identify the main trends in migration, provide migration profiles of European countries, and propose a classification based on the recent changes in the migrant stock. Changes in the migrant stock (total emigration and immigration) reflect the level of involvement in international and global processes. They can serve as an indicator of a country’s attractiveness for both foreigners and the country’s citizens. The study shows that European countries are increasingly split into ‘immigrant’ and ‘emigrant’ states. The authors describe spatial patterns of migration. The volume and localisation of migration flows in Europe are affected not only by cultural and historical circumstance, such as a colonial past or a common language. The scale of immigrant influx often does not depend on a donor country’s demographic potential or the level of its socio-economic development. The links between the place of origin and destination are often more complex than it might initially seem. The authors stress the importance of a differentiated immigration policy taking into account ethnic and cultural features of host societies.

This paper deals with the problem of the emigration of the Romanian Jews in Israel as revealed by a few historical writings and in published documents. The Romanian Jews' emigration in Israel was a continuous process in spite of the communist regime established in Romania after the war and it was one of the main priorities of Romanian-Israeli diplomatic relations. The research focused on the years 1948-1969. The relationship between Romania and Israel evolved in time, manifesting interest in economic life, cultural life, human rights field, migration, religion.

The present paper brings new information about the situation of Jews of Romania in the time of Holocaust and its aftermath (the years of transition to communism and the first years after the setting of communism). It appears that the Jews from Transnistria were deprived by their fundamental rights under the leadership of Ion Antonescu and many of them were killed in their interraction with Romanian military forces. After the war, the surviving Jews have the right to adjust to the communist regime, and to integrate in the communist state, but they have to close their organizations and the ties with Israel were considered as dangerous, although they continued to dream and search ways for emigration.

The study reconstructs the involvement and the activities carried out during the Paris peace conference of 1919-1920 by the Russian political émigrés and diplomats, as well socialpolitical organizations, for the switching of the Bessarabian status from Romania back within the Russian borders. The plan was perceived as part of "Russkoe delo", directed toward defeating the Bolsheviks and conserving Russia in its pre-1914 borders. The Bessarabian "delegates", representatives of the "old" and the "new" regional elite, who disagreed on the political regime of the future Russia, but were united by the anti-Romanian feelings, worked hand in hand with the Russians to inform, persuade, and propagate, as well counterbalance the Romanian position at the conference.

This paper deals with the problem of Romanian Jews’ emigration in Israel as revealed by a few of historical writings and in published documents. The Romanian Jews’ emigration in Israel was a continuous process, in spite of the communist regime established in Romania after the war, and it was one of the main priorities of Romanian-Israeli diplomatic relations. The research focused on the years 1945-1953.

Migrant organizations are said to fulfil important functions for the immigrant communities as well as for the host societies. One of the conditions that influence realisation of those functions are sufficient resources. The aim of the paper is to show, with the example of Polish organisations in Germany, that scarcities in human resources: members, professional staff as well as leaders might me important factor reducing effectiveness of organizations and liming their utility for the immigrant community.

"The article presents an general view over the enforced migration of Austrian social scientists after 1933. The author argues that the Austrian case is a specific one: first in consequence of the two successive dictatorships, second because of the devastating consequences of the emigration movement for the Austrian scientific community and culture. Only a few of the refugees returned to Austria after 1945. Further could be demonstrated that the Austrian refugees were quickly promoted in the scientific world of their exile countries, by way of comparison - especially in the United States.

The Jews of Romania and Hungary who returned home from the Holocaust faced a series of difficulties amongst which we single out: to resume property of their houses and goods; a poor state of health after the deportation; the vast majority of them were in no shape to make a living. They oscillated between integration in the societies created by the communists, and immigration to Israel whenever the communist regimes from these two countries were more permissive. They were rather victims of the communist regimes, their expectations were not met in the communist states and the ones who managed to get out had lost all their assets, apartments, and jobs when they applied for emigration.

Due to differences in definitions and measurement methods, cross-country comparisons of international migration patterns are difficult and confusing. Emigration numbers reported by sending countries tend to differ from the corresponding immigration numbers reported by receiving countries. In this paper, a methodology is presented to achieve harmonised estimates of migration flows benchmarked to a specific definition of duration. This methodology accounts for both differences in definitions and the effects of measurement error due to, for example, under reporting and sampling fluctuations. More specifically, the differences between the two sets of reported data are overcome by estimating a set of adjustment factors for each country’s immigration and emigration data. The adjusted data take into account any special cases where the origin–destination patterns do not match the overall patterns. The new method for harmonising migration flows that we present is based on earlier efforts by Poulain (European Journal of Population, 9(4): 353–381 1993, Working Paper 12, joint ECE-Eurostat Work Session on Migration Statistics, Geneva, Switzerland 1999) and is illustrated for movements between 19 European countries from 2002 to 2007. The results represent a reliable and consistent set of international migration flows that can be used for understanding recent changes in migration patterns, as inputs into population projections and for developing evidence-based migration policies. Les comparaisons entre pays des caractéristiques des migrations internationales s’avèrent difficiles et confuses du fait des différences de définitions et de méthodes de mesure. Les chiffres de l’émigration fournis par les pays d’origine des migrants différent souvent des chiffres recueillis par les pays d’accueil. Cet article propose une méthode destinée à rendre cohérentes les estimations des flux migratoires en se référant à une définition spécifique de la durée de séjour. Cette méthodologie tient compte à la fois des différences de définitions et des conséquences des erreurs de mesure dues, par exemple, au sous-enregistrement et aux fluctuations de l’échantillonage. Plus spécifiquement, les différences entre les deux séries de données rapportées sont corrigées en estimant un ensemble de facteurs d’ajustement des données pour chaque pays d’immigration et d’émigration. Les données ajustées tiennent compte de tous les cas particuliers dans lesquels les schémas origine–destination ne correspondent pas aux schémas généraux. Cette nouvelle méthode d’harmonisation des données des flux migratoires, basée sur les travaux antérieurs de Poulain (1993, 1999), est appliquée aux mouvements migratoires entre 19 pays européens de 2002 à 2007. Les résultats présentent des séries fiables et cohérentes de flux migratoires internationaux qui peuvent être utilisées pour comprendre les changements récents dans les schémas migratoires, pour réaliser des projections de population, et pour développer des politiques migratoires à partir d’informations plus sûres.

Rezension von: Christa Kersting: Pädagogik im Nachkriegsdeutschland. Wissenschaftspolitik und Disziplinentwicklung 1945-1955 (Beiträge zur Theorie und Geschichte der Erziehungswissenschaft Bd. 28). Bad Heilbrunn: Klinkhardt 2008 (433 S.; ISBN 978-3-7815-1581-9; 27,00 EUR).

The economic growth of Ireland resulted in a significant number of Poles migrating to Ireland following the EU enlargement in 2004. The article explores the quality of life of Poles living in Ireland. Using data from a preliminary survey conducted in 2006, several dimensions of living conditions are analysed, including interpersonal relations, material security, health and healthcare. The study shows that evaluations of almost all aspects of quality of life improved, apart from components such as healthcare and the ability to acquire help from social organisations. Also interpersonal relations, contrary to the initial assumption, were enhanced by migration to Ireland.

'Der Artikel gibt einen Überblick zum begrifflichen und theoretischen Hintergrund der Hochqualifiziertenmigration bzw. zum Brain Drain und grenzt das Ausmaß dieser Wanderungen, insbesondere jenes der österreichischen und ungarischen Hochqualifizierten und WissenschafterInnen in das Ausland ein. Im empirischen Teil erfolgt eine detaillierte Untersuchung über die Auswärtsmobilität der österreichischen und ungarischen MathematikerInnen, die im Bereich Forschung und Entwicklung (F&E) tätig sind. Das Fach Mathematik vermittelt weitgehend kulturunabhängige Qualifikationen und zeichnet sich durch eine Fachsprache aus, die vergleichsweise einfach international transferierbar ist. Somit können wichtige Aspekte im Zusammenhang mit Gründen, Verlauf und anderen Gesichtspunkten des Abgangs dieser WissenschafterInnen diskutiert werden, die in Handlungsempfehlungen für den Umgang mit dem Brain Drain münden.' (Autorenreferat) 'The article outlines definitions and the theoretical background of the mobility of the highly qualified, the brain drain respectively, and assesses the extent of the flows particularly of Austrian and Hungarian tertiary educated and scientists. Furthermore, the article focuses on an empirical analysis of Austrian and Hungarian mathematicians abroad who work in an R&D-close environment. Mathematics conveys qualifications mainly independently from cultural contexts and uses a specific terminology, which can be transferred comparatively easily worldwide. Therefore, important aspects concerning reasons, processes and other considerations related to the brain drain of these mathematicians can be discussed, which finally provides recommendations for how to deal with the brain drain issue.' (author's abstract)

'In diesem Beitrag geht es um die Analyse einer Emigrantinnen-Autobiographie aus dem Jahr 1940. Im Zentrum steht die Frage nach der Konstitution des moralischen Selbst in Auseinandersetzung mit Sozialisationserfahrungen. Die hierzu entwickelte Methode orientiert sich an der Theorie der Dialogizität Michael Bachtins und fundiert sich in der zentralen These, dass sich 'Stimmen' der anderen in autobiographischen Texten finden lassen, die konstitutiv sind für die Bildung eines moralischen Selbst. Das Besondere an dieser Methode ist, dass nicht nur die Identitätskonstruktion eines moralischen Selbst aus den Sozialisationserfahrungen mit Anderen, sondern auch der Prozess der Konstruktion als individuelle Auseinandersetzung rekonstruierbar ist. Die Analyse der exemplarisch ausgewählten Autobiographie, in der Hilda Weiss ihre Lebensgeschichte bis zur Emigration aus Deutschland im Jahr 1933 erzählt, zeigt einen zentralen und frühen Grundkonflikt ihres Lebens, der von der Autorin als 'Selbstsein' oder Assimilation ans 'Anderssein' binär codiert wird. Der Kontrast 'Autonomie' oder 'Integration' wird zum dominierenden Faktor bei der Bildung ihres moralischen Selbst und ihrer Identitätskonstruktion. Verblüffend ist die Kontinuität und Dominanz dieser für die Autorin zentralen Frage im Autobiographisierungsprozess, so dass spätere Sozialisationserfahrungen keine grundsätzliche Veränderung bieten, sondern ihr 'Lebensthema' den Deutungsrahmen dieser Erfahrungen setzt.' (Autorenreferat) 'This paper is an analysis of the autobiography of a female emigrant, published in 1940. Its main concern is with the issue of how coping with experiences that occurred in the course of socialization helps build the moral self. The method elaborated to this end relies on Michael Bakhtin's theory of dialogism and on the key argument that autobiographical texts may carry 'voices' of others that are constitutive for building the moral self. The strength of this method is its potential to reconstruct, both, identity construction in terms of a moral self, drawing on socialization experiences with others, and the construction process itself as an individual way of coping. The autobiography of Hilda Weiss, which covers her life story up to the moment of emigration from Germany in the year 1933, was chosen for its exemplary character. The analysis reveals a pivotal basic conflict early in her life, which the author captures by the binary code of 'being oneself' vs. assimilation to 'being as the others'. The 'autonomy'/ 'integration' contrast comes to be the factor that dominates her construction of a moral self and of identity. It is striking to see the extraordinary continuity and prevalence of this key issue, for the author, in the process of her 'autobiographization', providing her with a 'life theme' which acts as an interpretational framework that precludes fundamental change by later socialization experiences.' (author's abstract)

'Dieser Beitrag widmet sich anhand einer exemplarischen objektiv hermeneutischen Fallanalyse der Frage nach der Bedeutung von (erzwungener) Emigration im Kindes- und Jugendalter für die Identitätsentwicklung. Die Fallrekonstruktion geht hervor aus meinem Dissertationsprojekt, in dem narrative Interviews mit Frauen und Männern, die im Kindes- oder Jugendalter aus dem nationalsozialistischen Deutschland emigrieren mussten, mit dem Verfahren der objektiven Hermeneutik analysiert und hinsichtlich der Frage interpretiert wurden, welche Bedeutung das Erleben von Verfolgung und Emigration in Kindheit bzw. Jugend für die Identitätsbildung und somit für die Entwicklung von Selbst- und Weltbildern sowie insbesondere für die Entwicklung eines Habitus der Krisenbewältigung hat. Im folgenden Text soll besonders auf den letztgenannten Aspekt eingegangen werden.' (Autorenreferat) 'Based on a case study conducted in terms of objective hermeneutics, the paper explores the question of how (forced) emigration in childhood and adolescence affects identity development. The case is being reconstructed as a sequel to the author's project for a doctoral thesis. For this project, narrative interviews with individuals, both female and male, who in their childhood or adolescence had to emigrate from Nazi Germany were analyzed using procedures of objective hermeneutics. Interpretation was concerned with the impact the experience of persecution and emigration in childhood or adolescence may have on identity formation and, thus, on the development of self-perception and world views as well as, more specifically, on the development of a habitus of coping with crisis. The following text is mainly dedicated to the latter aspect.' (author's abstract)

The standard book on social history of Hungary defined the "typical migrant of 1956" as "younger than 25 years, male, a university student or skilled worker." If that is the case, there is no space for female migrants in this story. To make the picture even more gloomy, in 1956 the 175,082 Hungarians who left the country did so without leaving any documented or recorded written trace for traditional historical analysis. We also know that 25% of them were women. If this is the case with the 1956 emigrants, it is even more unlikely that we should find any traces of women who left Hungary before 1989 for political reasons. This invisibility is due to the absence of gender sensitive data and to the general assumption that agents of migration studies are men: that only they were going to emigrate. The chapter explores the construction of belonging and political citizenship among Hungarian female migrants after 1956 in a European context.

'Der vorliegende Artikel untersucht unter Anwendung des objektiv hermeneutischen Auswertungsverfahrens die Biographie der 1897 im russischen Ekaterinoslav geborenen Olga Joffe (später Olga Lang-Wittfogel). Die Analyse endet mit dem durch den Krieg und die sich daran anschließenden Unruhen verspäteten Abschluss des Universitätsstudiums und der Heirat mit dem Arzt Joseph Meyer. Es wird gezeigt, wie Olga Joffe die anstehenden Bewährungsaufgaben im Übergang zum Erwachsenenalter - die Gestaltung des beruflichen und staatsbürgerlichen Handelns sowie den Aufbau einer privatimen Beziehung - löst. Die im Anhang des Artikels angeführten Daten über ihren weiteren Lebensweg sollen es ermöglichen, die erarbeitete Hypothese zu prüfen. Methodisch ist hervorzuheben, dass die Interpretation allein anhand der 'objektiven Daten' erfolgt, so dass es aufgrund der 'Raffung' der Angaben möglich ist, alle biographisch relevanten Knotenpunkte und Weichenstellungen in die Interpretation einzubeziehen.' (Autorenreferat) 'The biography of Olga Joffe (later Olga Lang-Wittfogel), born in 1897 in Ekaterinoslav, Russia, is analyzed using the tools of objective hermeneutics. The period covered by the analysis ends with her graduation from University, belated due to the war and its aftermath of disorder, and her marriage to the physician Joseph Meyer. The analysis shows how Olga Joffe copes with the challenges involved in the transition to adulthood: carving out ways of occupational and civic action as well as building a personal relationship. As an addendum, data on her further life are presented which enable the reader to verify the hypothesis elaborated in this paper. It is a particular strength of this methodology that, due to its exclusive use of 'objective data' and the necessarily 'condensed' nature of such data, it allows for an interpretation that brings to bear all the key points and choices that are relevant on the biographical level.' (author's abstract)

Sammelrezension zu: 1. Helga Pelizäus-Hoffmeister (2006): Biographische Sicherheit im Wandel? Eine historisch vergleichende Analyse von Künstlerbiographien. Wiesbaden. Deutscher Universitäts-Verlag, ISBN 3-8350-6022-8. 2. Peter Alheit, Morten Brandt (2006): Autobiographie und ästhetische Erfahrung. Frankfurt, New York. Campus Verlag, ISBN 978-593-37991-3. 3. Christiane Berth (2005): Die Kindertransporte nach Großbritannien 1938/39. München. Dölling und Galitz Verlag, ISBN 3-937904-06-9. 4. Charlotte Kohn (2006): Luftfrauen - der Mythos einer jüdischen Frauenidentität. Wien. Praesens Verlag, ISBN 3-7069-0300-8. 5. Birgit Griese (2006): Zwei Generationen erzählen – narrative Identität in autobiographischen Erzählungen Russlanddeutscher. Frankfurt, New York. Campus Verlag, ISBN 978-3-593-38211-1.

'Die Autobiographie von Alice Bärwald, einer jüdischen Emigrantin im Nationalsozialismus aus Danzig, wird unter der theoretischen Perspektive einer Aberkennungstheorie rekonstruiert. Zum einen wird die autobiographische Erzählung als Substrat des historischen Bewusstseins (Straub) der Erzählerin aufgefasst, die aus der gegenwärtigen Perspektive (ihrem Emigrationsstandort) sinnstiftend ihre Lebensgeschichte erzählt. Andererseits findet eine Auseinandersetzung mit einer erkennbaren Wandlung (Strauss) der Biographin von einer deutschen Kulturbürgerin hin zu einer aktiven Zionistin statt. Diese Diskussion wird eingebettet in die Darstellungen über ihre biographischen Daten und den historischen Kontext ihrer Biographie. Ausführlich wird auf die Theorien der Anerkennung (Honneth) und der Aberkennung (Garz) eingegangen. Schließlich wird gezeigt, dass Autobiographie den erzählerischen Weg zur 'Wieder'Anerkennung bildet, was systematisch zu unterscheiden ist von einem stetigen 'Kampf um Anerkennung'. Die von Alice Bärwald erfahrene Aberkennung ihrer Zugehörigkeit zur deutschen wird mit einer neuerlichen Anerkennung in der jüdischen Gemeinde bewältigt.' (Autorenreferat) 'The autobiography of Alice Bärwald, a Jewish emigrant from Danzig during the Nazi era, is reconstructed in terms of a theory of mis-recognition. On the one hand, the autobiographical narrative is conceptualized as the substratum of the historical consciousness (Straub) of the narrator who, in her present perspective (her place of emigration), tells the story of her life as a coherent and meaningful trajectory. On the other hand, the paper discusses a visible change (Strauss) undergone by the biographer who, once a German citizen imbued with German culture, becomes an active Zionist. This discussion is embedded in a presentation of her biographical data as well as of the historical context of her biography. The theories of recognition (Honneth) and mis-recognition (Garz) are discussed in detail. Finally, autobiography is shown to be a narrative way to gain 're'-recognition, as systematically distinct from a permanent 'struggle for recognition'. For Alice Bärwald, coping with being denied her membership of German society was achieved by the new recognition gained in the Jewish society.' (author's abstract)

The paper tries to systematize the literature about intellectuals, scholars, and scientists who were forced out of their native countries by the Nazi in the 1930s. By using a two dimensional analytic scheme the paper distinguishes on the subject dimension between contributions focusing on individuals, small groups, scientific disciplines, and ethno-religious communities, or collectives defined by their nation-state. The second dimensions differentiate between several aggregates, ranging from »ego«, »she/he«, »we«, »ours«, »they«, »and (they) all« The author demonstrates that the publications did not show a trajectory of progress., Österreichische Zeitschrift für Geschichtswissenschaften, Bd. 18 Nr. 1 (2007): Historische Wirklichkeitskonstruktion und künstlerische Gestaltung im Museum